Some standard content:
ICS 37.080
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T15737--2005
Replaces GB/T15737-1995
Micrographics
Silver-gelatin type microforms-Processing and preservation storage2005-04-19 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration
2005-10-01 Implementation
GB/T15737-2005
This standard replaces GB/T15737-1995 "Microfilm Technology Silver-Gelatin Microfilm Development and Storage". Compared with GB/T15737-1995, this standard has the following main differences: · "Foreword" and "Introduction" are added:
The terms and definitions in this standard replace those in the 1995 version: - - Added \4.1.1" and \4.2.1\. The \4.1.1", \4.1.2", \4.2.2\ and \4.2.3\ in the original standard are changed to \4.1.2"\4. 1.3\\4.2.2”, \4.2.3” and \4.2.4”; … The order of Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of the 2012 edition was adjusted: the suspension paragraphs in the “Packaging and Packaging Materials” chapter were changed to “6.1.1” and “6.2.1” respectively, and the title was added: the ultra-long-term storage humidity range in Table 1 was changed to “large”; the standard “7.1.1”, “7.1. 2\ and \7.2.1\ respectively add "Title: " In the standard, 8.2 is divided into two parts, and the titles are the same as \8.2.1\ and \8.2.2\. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Document Imaging Technology (SAE/1C86). This standard is drafted by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Document Imaging Technology. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Jiehua, Deng Changjun, Chen Jirong, Bo Weihua, and Liu Peiping. This standard was first issued in June 1995, and this autumn revision is the first revision. GB/T 15737—2005
Microforms are important records and display materials. Microforms with legal, scientific, industrial, artistic or historical value need to be protected to ensure that they have the longest possible life. The life expectancy of microforms is classified by LE value, 1.E-500 for ultra-long-term storage and LE-10 for medium-term storage. There are three major factors that affect the life expectancy of microforms: 1. Film properties
The stability of microforms depends on the physical and chemical properties of the film. Only microforms made of safety photographic film are suitable for storage. The specifications for safety photographic film can be found in G3/T 7430-199G. The LE value of microforms made of silver-gelatin white film with safety film base can reach more than 500 years.
2. Film processing and processing
The life of microforms also depends on the film processing conditions, that is, only microforms of silver-gelatin black-and-white films with sufficient fixing, thorough washing and proper drying can be stored for a long time. IS018901;2002 stipulates the maximum residual amount of thiosulfate for silver-gelatin black-and-white films with safety film bases according to different LE values. 3. Storage conditions of microforms
The damage caused by temperature, humidity, dust, fire, water, light, harmful gases, microorganisms and certain chemicals is an important factor affecting the life of microforms.
Exposure of microforms to high temperatures, especially high humidity conditions, will cause the degradation of the film base and emulsion layer. Cellulose ester bases degrade faster than polyester bases. Therefore, microforms made of polyester base films have a longer life. Storage conditions also include the packaging of the microforms. The requirements for packaging are specified in IS018902:2001. 1 Scope
Microphotography
Development and preservation of silver-gelatin microforms
GB/T15737—2005
This standard specifies the requirements for fixing, washing, and drying during the production of microforms for medium-term and ultra-long-term storage, as well as the preservation conditions of microforms.
This standard applies to conventionally developed silver-gelatin black-and-white film microforms with cellulose esters, polyesters (polyethylene dimethacrylate), etc. as the film base that meet the requirements of GB/T7430-1996. This standard does not apply to microfoam film microforms, diazo film microforms, dry silver film microforms, and color film microforms. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T744--2004 Determination of alkali resistance of pulp (ISO 699:1982 (1992), M0D) GB/T1545.12003 Determination of acidity or alkalinity of aqueous extracts of paper, paperboard and pulp (TAIPIT428; 1999, NEQ) GB/T6159.[2003 Microfilming Vocabulary Part 1: General terms (IS) 61961:1993.MOL)) GR/T6159.3-2003 Microfilming Vocabulary Part 3: Film processing (IS0) 6196-3:1997.M( D) GB/T6159.4-2003 Microfilm Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and Packaging (ISO6155-4: 1998, MOD) GB/T6165-1985 High Efficiency Air Filter Performance Test Method Transmittance Resistance GB/T7430-1996 Anjin Photographic Film Specification (id1ISO543: 1990) GB/T123551990 Microfilm Technology Image Microfilm Connection (negA1IMMS18: 1981) GB/T 18444----2001
Purchase and storage of processed safety photographic films (ictS5466:1906)GBI 16-1087 Code for fire protection of building designIS018901.2002 Technical specification for stability of processed silver-gelatin black-and-white films for photographyIS0 18902:2001
Archive packaging and storage conditions of processed photographic films, plates and photographic papers for imaging materialsIS0 18911:2000
Practical practice for processing safety photographic films for imaging materialsIS0)14523:1999 Photographic activity test of developed photosensitive materials packaging materialsIS0)18917:1999 Determination of thiosulfate and other residual compounds in developed photographic materialsIodine-white chain starch method, methylene blue method and silver sulfide method3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 6159.1 2003, GB/T 6159.3--2003, GB/E 6159.4--2003 and G13/T 18444-2001 and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Extended-term storage conditions extended-term storage conditions conditions under which the recorded information on the microform formed by the correct processing of the film within the shelf life can be preserved for 500 years. 3.2
Probability life life expectancy (IE)
The length of time that the recorded information on the microform is expected to be identifiable at a temperature of 2! ℃ and a relative condensation of 50 ℃. GB/T15737-2005
LE value LE designatinn
The nominal value of the "probability life" of the recording material and the related identification system. Note: The value after the three E's is expressed in meters to indicate the probability of life. When stored at 21°C and 50% RH, the information can be identified without obvious loss of interest during this period. For example, the information after "E-1" can be identified for at least one year. 3.4
Medium-term storage conditions Medium-term storage conditions Storage conditions suitable for preserving recorded information for at least 10 years. 3.5
Open enclosure
Packaging that is used to avoid mechanical and physical damage, and is neither light-proof nor airtight. Note: This type of packaging can be considered discs, cores, boxes, envelopes, and encryption cards. 3.6
Protective packaging is a light-proof sealed container used to protect microfilm from external factors (such as harmful gases, water, condensation). 4: ProcessingWww.bzxZ.net
4.1 Fixing
4.1.1 The fixation of microfilm should be sufficient, and the temperature and fixation time of the fixer should be controlled as required. 4.1.2 The fixer should be kept fresh. It is recommended to control the silver content in the fixer according to the following requirements. When using crystalline sodium thiosulfate (NaS, (), +511.0), the silver content in the fixer should be less than 0.5%, and when using anhydrous ammonium thiosulfate! (NH,1,S,0,), the silver content in the fixer should be less than 0.8%.
4.1.3 In order to prevent the microfilm from producing microspots during storage, add an appropriate amount of iodide (such as potassium iodide KI) during fixation. 4.2 Washing
4.2.1 Washing water should be colorless and free of floating matter. 4.2.2 Microfilm should be washed thoroughly and the washing time should be sufficient. 4.2.3 When washing at high temperature and quickly, the water temperature should be slightly lower than the developer temperature. When washing at room temperature, the water temperature should be kept at 15℃~-25℃. 4.2.4 The water pressure of the washing machine should be maintained at a certain level: the water flow rate should be adapted to the washing speed. When the water flow rate is low, the amount of salt residue on the microfilm will increase.
4.3 Drying
4.3.1 The air entering the drying chamber of the washing machine should be filtered to prevent dust from being adsorbed on the microfilm. 4.3.2 The drying temperature shall be controlled at the lowest temperature that can dry the microfilm. For a fast-acting microfilm processor, it should not exceed 65°C. For a room-temperature microfilm processor, it should not exceed 485°C. Requirements after microfilm processing
5.1 Thiosulfate residues
After flushing, when the LE value of the microfilm is 500, the thiosulfate residue should be less than 1.4 μg/cm2. When the LE value is 100, the thiosulfate residue should be less than 3.0 g/cm2. See 6.4 of 15) 18901:2002. The test method for determining the residual amount of sulfate can be found in IS018917:1999, 5.2 Splicing
The requirements for splicing can be found in GB/T32355199C.
5.3 Appearance
The appearance of the microform should be free of scratches, fingerprints, stains and deformation, etc., which may hinder the preservation and reading of the microform. 5.4 Reel winding
GB/T 15737—2005
Reel microforms should be wound on a disc or core, with the emulsion layer formed and the winding tightness appropriate. After winding, fix the end of the film with a neutral or alkaline tape, etc. This tape material should comply with the provisions of 6, 2.2: Rubber bands should not be used to fix microforms. In order to prevent the lower part from being compressed and deformed during the storage of microforms, when the diameter of the microform wound on the disc or core exceeds 20cm, the core should be placed vertically. 6 Packaging and packaging materials
6.1 Packaging
6.1.1 Types of packaging
Packaging used for direct contact with microforms includes open packaging and protective packaging. 6.1.2 Requirements for packaging
6.1.2.1 The selection of packaging materials shall comply with the provisions of 6.2. 6.1.2.2 The packaging materials shall be clean.
6.1.2.3 Regular inspections shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of 8.2. 6.1.3 Selection of packaging
When the microform library can meet the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, microforms should be packaged in open packaging and stored in closed cabinets. If the microform library cannot meet the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, or when stored under low light, microforms should be packaged and stored in protective packaging. 6.1.4 Packaging of microfilm rolls
The wrapping of microfilm rolls shall comply with the provisions of 5.1. Foil, thread or sleeve film can be used as protective packaging for microfilm rolls for ultra-long-term storage. After adjusting the temperature and humidity of the microfilm and the packaging according to the conditions specified in 71, the microfilm is placed in the above packaging. The seams of the packaging cover are sealed with multiple layers of low-permeability lecithin tape. To further prevent the influence of high humidity, the packaging sealed with adhesive tape can be placed in a liner bag and then heat-pressed and sealed for storage. When using adhesive tape for sealing, reseal it every two years. The adhesive tape is peroxide-free and can pass the photographic activity test given in ISO 1423:1999. The adhesive used should not come into direct contact with the microform. 6.1.5 Packaging of Sheet Microforms
Sheet microforms to be stored for an extremely long time should be packaged and stored in protective packaging to prevent erosion and physical damage by harmful gases or moist air. For example, they can be packed in foil-lined composite bags and evacuated, then heat-pressed and sealed for storage. If adhesives are used for sealing, they should be prevented from coming into direct contact with the microforms. The adhesives should comply with the provisions of 6.2.5. Sheet microforms should not be stacked for storage to prevent the microforms on the lower layer from being subjected to excessive pressure.
6.2 Packaging Materials
6.2.1 Requirements for Packaging Materials
The chemical properties of packaging materials should be stable and have sufficient physical strength. The packaging materials should not contain harmful components that promote aging of the microform image and the base, and should not release acidic gases and nitrogen oxides during storage.
Material containing rubber components should not be used.
6.2.2 Paper
Paper for packaging should be made of high-quality paper with α-fiber content higher than 87% and low lignin content, made of cotton, linen, rags, bleached sulfite pulp or bleached kraft pulp. The paper should not contain metal ions. The sizing agent should be neutral or alkaline. The paper should not contain paraffin, plasticizer and other components that can be transferred to the microform. The pH value of paper for receiving microforms should be between 7.0 and 0.5. The pH value measurement method is shown in GB/T 1545.1-2003. 6.2.3 Plastics
Plastics used to make storage containers should be anti-static, low in plasticity, free of residual solvents, inert, and free of peroxides, such as cellulose acetate, polyolefins, polyethylene, polyolefins and other plastics. Polyolefins, cellulose acetate and other materials should not be used. 6.2.4 Metal materials
Metal containers, stretchers and racks for storing microforms should be made of corrosion-resistant or anti-corrosion treated materials, such as stainless steel, electrolytic aluminum, aluminum alloy, and high-quality tin-plated or galvanized metals in accordance with GB/T 15737-2005. 6.2.5 Adhesives
Adhesives used for storing containers and films should comply with the requirements of IS018902:2001. They should not contain solvents and impurities that corrode microforms and containers (such as vegetable sulfur, iron, cadmium, etc.). For example, when gluing paper, adhesives such as photographic grade high-quality gel, polyvinyl acetate, and fiberglass can be used. 7 Storage environment
7. Relative humidity and temperature
7.1.1 Temperature and humidity control
The relative humidity and temperature of the microform storage environment should be controlled within the range of Table 1. The recommended temperature and humidity conditions can be controlled in the closed storage device (such as drawers, cabinets) of the microforms, or in the storage room: Reducing the storage temperature or relative humidity will extend the shelf life. Lower storage temperatures can be used to compensate for higher relative humidity to obtain the same probability of life. As specified in Table 1, one of several combinations of relative humidity and temperature can be selected to achieve an ultra-long-term storage environment. If the average temperature is reduced, a higher relative humidity range can be used, and the maximum relative humidity should not exceed 50%: Table 1 Storage temperature and relative humidity range for silver-bonded nesting white imaging film Medium-term storage
Cellulose esters
Maximum temperature /
a The temperature change within 24 hours should not exceed ±2°C. b The relative humidity change within 24 hours should not exceed ±5%. 7. 1. 2 Adjustment of temperature and humidity
Relative humidity/
20-~50
20--50
The temperature and relative humidity of microforms shall be adjusted as follows: For ultra-long term storage
Ultimate temperature
Relative humidity\
20-:40
20--30
26:--50
) Before microforms stored at normal temperature and humidity are packed in protective packaging, the temperature and relative humidity of the microforms and their packaging shall be adjusted to the range specified in Table 1 and then sealed. The air content in the packaging should be as small as possible; before opening the packaging of the microfilm stored at low temperature, the temperature of the microfilm in the packaging should be raised first, and then it should be balanced with the ambient temperature before opening, and then the relative humidity should be balanced. After the relative humidity is balanced to a certain degree, the microfilm can be used. The half-equilibrium time depends on the volume of the microfilm and the size of the temperature difference. It takes a longer time to reach relative humidity. 7.2 Air purification
7. 2.1 Hazards of air pollution
Dust, chemical pollutants and microorganisms in the air can easily damage microfilms, cause mold spots and fade images, so the air entering the microfilm library should be purified.
7.2.2. Purification of dust in the air
Use mechanical filters to filter out dust in the air entering the microfilm library. The filter should be a medium-resistant non-flammable type. The dust rate of the filter should not be less than 85, see GB/T6165-1985. 7.2.3 Purification of chemical pollutants
Common chemical pollutants that are harmful to microfilm images or film bases include sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur trioxide, ozone, ammonia and ammonia oxides, peroxides, nitric acid film base, film decomposition, and volatile gases from paint. During ultra-long-term storage, the following points should be noted when purifying the chemically polluted gas in the microfilm library: a) The microfilm library should be far away from the source of harmful gases, and the items in the warehouse should not release gases that are harmful to microfilms; GB/T 15737-2005
b) Remove harmful gases in the air of the warehouse by filtering or absorbing gas, especially acidic gases. For example: using an air purifier with treated water can eliminate "sulfur oxides"; using activated carbon can absorb sulfur dioxide and sulfides. However, these methods must be strictly controlled, and the use of activated carbon should be operated by professionals: Silver-gelatin microfilms and heavy microfilms, microbubble microfilms, and nitric acid-based microfilms should not be stored in the same room, and should not be stored in rooms connected to ventilation ducts;
d) When the microfilm library cannot be far away from gas sources such as toxic gases, the microfilms should be packaged in protective packaging; c) It is advisable to use mechanical ventilation to circulate the air in the microfilm library. 7.3 Fire prevention
7.3.1 Fire Hazards of fire on microfilms
In case of fire, high temperature, water and steam will cause deformation, adhesion and melting of the emulsion layer of microfilms, making them impossible to copy and read. 7.3.2 Fire prevention measures
7.3,2.1 Microfilms stored for a very long time should be made into at least two copies and stored in a different place. 7.3.2.2 The microfilm library should be separated from the working area. The air conditioning system of the microfilm library for a very long time should be separated from the air conditioning system of other working areas. 7.3.2.3 The fire resistance limit of the microfilm library should meet the requirements of the second-level fire resistance level specified in GBJ15-1987. 7.3.2, 4 The materials of the discs, cores and boxes of the workpieces should not burn or decompose more easily than the film. 7.3.2.5 The packaging of the microfilm should not burn after being subjected to a high temperature of 150°C for 4 hours, and the gas released should have little effect on the microfilm. Even if other packaging materials melt or deform at this time, they should not damage the microfilm inside or prevent the microfilm from coming out of the packaging. 7.3.2.6 In order to prevent the microfilm from catching fire or causing damage to the microfilm in the event of a fire, heat-resistant packaging should be used, and the packaged microfilm should be stored in a fireproof warehouse or an insulated microfilm cabinet. 7.4 Waterproof
The microfilm warehouse should prevent the intrusion of stagnant water or moisture, and dehumidification equipment should be installed when necessary. 7.5 Lightproof
Microfilms should be stored in a dimly lit environment to prevent light from directly irradiating the microfilms. 8 Management and inspection of microfilms
8.1 Management
Microforms stored for an extremely long time should be used as little as possible. The storage environment should be kept clean. When handling microforms, the author should wear thin cotton gloves or nylon gloves and only touch the edges of the microforms. Microforms on vinegar-based substrates should be stored separately according to their age to prevent cross-infection of volatile acid gases.
Silver-gelatin microforms should not be stored in the same packaging as microforms on other types of films (such as diazo films, microbubble films, etc.), nor should they be stored together with magnetic tapes and optical disks. 8.2 Inspection
8 .2.1 Inspection method
Every two years, select 20% of the microforms for sample inspection, of which 2% have been inspected before. If it is found that the temperature and relative humidity deviate from the specified range, or the microforms are damaged, the number and quantity of inspections should be increased, the cause should be found out, and remedial measures should be taken.
The inspection records of microforms should be kept.
8.2.2 Inspection items:
a) Changes in microforms (shape, discoloration, change in shape, curling, mold, scars, adhesion, micro spots, emulsion layer shedding and density reduction, etc.). b) Aging of containers, packaging materials, discs, cores, and boxes (such as brittleness, discoloration, etc.).
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