This standard specifies the radiation protection standards and radiation protection safety operation requirements for X-ray diffractometers and X-ray fluorescence analyzers. This standard applies to the production and use of X-ray diffractometers and X-ray fluorescence analyzers. GBZ 115-2002 X-ray diffractometer and fluorescence analyzer health protection standard GBZ115-2002 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

IcS13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ115-2002
X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis
Radiological protection standards for X-raydiffraction and fluorescence analysis equipmentPublished on April 8, 2002
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on June 1, 2002
Normative referenced documents
Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
Radiation shielding requirements for analyzersWww.bzxZ.net
Protection requirements for closed-beam analyzers with X-ray tubesProtection requirements for closed-beam analyzers with X-ray tubes8
Protection requirements for sealed source analyzers
Protection requirements during maintenance and use
Dose monitoring
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China. In case of any inconsistency between the original standard GB16355-1996 and this standard, this standard shall prevail
Chapters 4 to 10 of this standard are mandatory contents, and the rest are recommended contents. This standard is prepared with reference to two documents, NBS Handbook 111 (1977) and SSRCR Part H (1982) of the US National Bureau of Standards. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health.
The drafting unit of this standard: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main drafter of this standard: Wang Shijin.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health.
1 Scope
Health Protection Standard for X-ray Diffractometers and Fluorescence Analyzers GBZ115-2002
This standard specifies the radiation protection standards and radiation protection safety operation requirements for X-ray diffractometers and X-ray fluorescence analyzers. This standard applies to the production and use of X-ray diffractometers and X-ray fluorescence analyzers. Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties reaching an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB8703 Radiation Protection Regulations
GB4075 Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources
GB4076 General Regulations for Sealed Radioactive Sources
ZBY226 Technical Conditions for X-ray Diffractometer
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1 X-ray Diffractometer and X-ray Fluorescence AnalyzerX-ray diffraction equipment and X-ray fluorescence analysis equipment
X-ray diffractometer uses X-rays to bombard samples and measure the spatial distribution of the intensity of the diffracted X-rays to determine the microstructure of the sample.
X-ray fluorescence analyzer uses X-rays to bombard samples and measure the characteristic X-rays to determine the type and content of elements in the sample.
Hereinafter, X-ray diffractometers and X-ray fluorescence analyzers are collectively referred to as analyzers. 3.2 Closed-beam analytical equipment and open-beam analytical equipment
Closed-beam analyzers are analyzers whose structure can prevent any part of the human body from entering the useful beam area. Open-beam analyzers are analyzers whose structure does not fully meet the characteristics of closed-beam analyzers. Part of the operator's body may accidentally enter the useful beam area.
3.3 Radiation source radiation source
In this standard, radiation source refers specifically to X-ray tubes or sealed radionuclide sources that can emit characteristic X-rays after the sample is excited (hereinafter referred to as sealed sources).
3.4 ​​Interlocking device interlocking device A safety control device of the analyzer, which can issue a warning signal when the relevant components are activated, or can prevent the analyzer from entering the use state, or shut down the working analyzer immediately. 3.5 Useful beam primary radiation
The standby radiation beam emitted from the radiation source through the window, light barrier or collimator. 3.6 Exposed components Parts of the analyzer that are exposed to the useful beam, such as source housing, shading device, collimator, connector, sample holder, goniometer, detector, etc.
3.7 Source housing radiation source housing A shell with a certain protective effect that is mounted on the outside of the radiation source. It is divided into a sealed source housing and a X-ray tube housing. 3.8 Protective enclosure protective enclosure A protective device used to shield the source housing and all irradiated parts in a beam analyzer. On the side of the protective cover, there is usually a protective window that can be moved horizontally. After the debugging, calibration and other operations are completed, the protective window is closed to effectively prevent personnel from being irradiated by the useful beam and strong scattered rays.
3.9 Shutter
A device installed at the exit of the useful beam that can shield the useful beam. 4 General requirements
4.1 The production and use of analyzers must comply with the requirements specified in the national basic standards for radiation protection, ensure the justification of practice, optimize radiation protection and strictly implement the provisions on personal dose limits. 4.2 The production and use of analyzers must reasonably assemble the irradiated parts to minimize scattered rays. 4.3 The analyzer must have the following factory certificates and information: a) Product manual, which must include the technical indicators specified in this standard: Product radiation protection cooperation certificate issued by the health department: b)
User manual, which must include safe operation and radiation protection instructions. 5 Radiation shielding requirements for analyzers
5.1 When the source set is installed in the housing or protective cover of the analyzer, under any of the following conditions, the air kerma rate of the radiation shall not exceed 25μGy·h (2.5mrad·h-) at any position 5cm from the outer surface of the source set: a) The X-ray tube is at the highest tube voltage and maximum power; b) The sealed source in the source set does not exceed the maximum activity given in the product manual. 5.2 In the following positions, the air kerma rate of the radiation shall not exceed 2.5uGy·h (0.25mrad·h): a) 5cm away from all external surfaces of the closed beam analyzer (including high voltage power supply, analyzer housing, etc.) that the human body may reach; b) Any position 5cm away from the outer surface of the protective cover and light shield of the knock beam analyzer. 5.3 When the X-ray tube is at the highest voltage and maximum power, the thickness of the light shield shall not be less than the lead equivalent thickness listed in Table 1. Table 1 Minimum lead equivalent thickness of light shield
Limiting current 1》
X-ray tube voltage (peak voltage), kV
Protection requirements for closed beam analyzers with X-ray tubes 6
6.1 The source set and all irradiated parts must be installed inside the closed housing of the analyzer. During normal operation, no part of the human body can enter the housing.
6.2 The housing of the closed beam analyzer must have an interlocking device. Once the housing is opened, the high voltage power supply of the X-ray tube will be automatically cut off or the outlet of the useful wire bundle will be closed.
7 Protection requirements for beam analyzers with X-ray tubes 7.1 Filters
The filters in the window of the X-ray tube protection cover should meet the requirements specified in ZBY226. 7.2 Overload protection
When the analyzer encounters one of the following overload conditions, it can automatically cut off the high voltage of the X-ray tube: a) The high voltage of the X-ray tube exceeds the rated value of 13kV; b) The current of the X-ray tube exceeds the rated value of 1~3mA: c) Exceeding the set power.
7.3 Interlocking device
7.3.1 "Special lock-to-main power" interlock
The analyzer must have a special lock. The special lock is interlocked with the main power switch. The main power can only be connected after unlocking with a special key. 7.3.2 “Protective cover-high voltage” or “Protective cover-light shield” interlock beam analyzers should be equipped with protective covers, which can be interlocked with the high voltage or light shield of the X-ray tube. When the analyzer is working normally, the protective cover is in an interlocked state. Only by tightly closing its movable protective window can the useful beam be emitted: when the analyzer is working, once the protective window is opened, the high voltage is immediately cut off or the light shield is closed, interrupting the useful beam. The interlock of the protective cover can be cut off only when debugging and calibrating the analyzer.
7.4 Control console
The control console must include:
a) X-ray tube high voltage power switch, indicator light, high voltage regulator and readout; b) X-ray tube current regulator and readout; c) Control switch and indicator light of the shutter. 7.5 Warnings and signs
7.5.1 Red warning lights must be installed at the positions listed in Table 2 and linked with the corresponding switches. Table 2 Warning lights and linked switches
Warning light location
Conspicuous place inside the protective cover
Next to the high voltage power switch
Next to the shutter
7.5.2 There must be a firm warning sign near the following positionsa) Special lock and main power switch of the analyzerb) X-ray tube high voltage power switch:
c) X-ray tube protective cover.
Corresponding linkage switch
Analyzer main power switch
High voltage power switch
Shade switch
7.5.3 Warning signs In addition to the radioactive signs specified in GB8703, there shall be eye-catching warning instructions, such as: "Caution! The instrument generates radiation when powered on! Only qualified personnel are allowed to operate!" or similar warning instructions. 8 Protection requirements for sealed source analyzers
8.1 The sealed source must comply with the requirements specified in GB4075 and GB4076. 8.2 There must be mechanical structures and protective measures that can prevent the sealed source from falling off and protect the sealed source from damage, such as source covers. 8.3 Warning signs:
8.3.1 When the analyzer has a source cover, there must be a firm warning sign on the outer surface of the source cover. 8.3.2 When the analyzer does not have a source cover, there must be a firm warning sign near the sealed source. 3 Warning signs must be marked with:
Radioactive signs in accordance with GB8703;
Number of sealed source or source set;
Nuclide, activity, manufacturer, and production date of sealed source; d)
Eye-catching warning text: "There is a radioactive source inside, be careful" or similar warning instructions. 8.4 Beam analyzers with sealed sources should have a light shield and obvious signs for the open and closed states of the light shield. Protection requirements during maintenance and use
All unused beam outlets must be tightly closed. 9.1
9.2 When operating the analyzer, special attention should be paid to prevent local exposure to hands, head, etc., and protective measures such as wearing protective glasses should be taken. 9.3
When the analyzer is working, the sample being irradiated must be properly shielded. 9.4 The light shield must be closed when replacing the sample. 9.5 When disassembling and installing the source set and other irradiated parts, the light shield must be closed and the high voltage of the X-ray tube must be cut off. 9.6 The analyzer must not be debugged when the X-ray tube is exposed. 9.7 When calibrating and debugging the useful wiring harness of the analyzer, it is necessary to operate at a lower voltage and lower current, avoid strong radiation beams, and take local shielding protection measures.
9.8 Without the approval of the radiation protection department of the unit or the corresponding competent department, no one may arbitrarily change the original irradiated components of the analyzer and their assembly structure and assembly position. 9.9 When strong leakage (scattered) radiation is found, the source should be analyzed and effective protection measures should be taken. 10 Dose monitoring
10.1 Site dose monitoring
Site dose monitoring should be carried out in any of the following situations: changing the original irradiated components of the analyzer or changing its assembly structure and assembly position; a)
calibrating and adjusting the useful wiring harness of the analyzer; c
The shielding protection equipment of the analyzer is changed or damaged: d) exceeding the prescribed inspection cycle.
10.2 Personal dose monitoring
10.2.1 When the results of on-site dose monitoring prove that the annual effective dose equivalent of personnel exposure is unlikely to exceed 5mSv, personal dose monitoring may be exempted; otherwise, monitoring should be carried out as needed and records should be made. 10.2.2 When calibrating, adjusting, installing, and repairing beam analyzers, dosimeters should be worn on fingers or wrists. 10.3 Monitoring instruments and methods
10.3.1 Personal dosimeters and dose patrol meters should be consistent with the energy range of the analyzer to be tested. 10.3.2 When measuring the various air kerma rates in Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of these Regulations, the average value should be taken over an area of ​​10cm. 10.3.3 The measurement of small cross-section, high-intensity scattered beams near the irradiated parts should first use the film method to qualitatively detect the position of such rays, and then use the survey meter to measure at the corresponding position. 10.3.4 When the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam (S) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the dose survey meter detector, necessary corrections should be made to the instrument's readout. The general simplified correction method is to multiply the readout by the correction factor K. K=
Detector cross-sectional area
Beam cross-sectional area
(S>lcm2)
k=Detector cross-sectional area in square centimeters (S3. The measurement of small cross-section, high-intensity scattered beams near the irradiated parts should first use the film method to qualitatively detect the position of such rays, and then use the survey meter to measure at the corresponding position. 10.3.4 When the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam (S) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the dose survey meter detector, the necessary correction should be made to the instrument's readout. The general simplified correction method is to multiply the readout by the correction factor K. K=
Detector cross-sectional area
Brain cross-sectional area
(S>lcm2)
k=Detector cross-sectional area in square centimeters (S3. The measurement of small cross-section, high-intensity scattered beams near the irradiated parts should first use the film method to qualitatively detect the position of such rays, and then use the survey meter to measure at the corresponding position. 10.3.4 When the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam (S) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the dose survey meter detector, the necessary correction should be made to the instrument's readout. The general simplified correction method is to multiply the readout by the correction factor K. K=
Detector cross-sectional area
Brain cross-sectional area
(S>lcm2)
k=Detector cross-sectional area in square centimeters (S
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