Some standard content:
GB17108—1997
Foreword
This guideline is formulated on the basis of the three technical documents, namely, Outline of National Marine Functional Zoning, Concise Technical Regulations of National Marine Functional Zoning and Outline of National Marine Functional Zoning Report, formulated at the first marine functional zoning work conference in China, and in combination with the experience and needs of marine functional zoning work in my country in the past decade. Appendices A, B, C and D of this guideline are all standard appendices. This guideline is proposed by the State Oceanic Administration and is responsible for interpretation. This guideline is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. The drafting units of this guideline are the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration and the Marine Information Center of the State Oceanic Administration. The main drafters of this guideline are: Lu Shouben, Song Shulin, Chen Mao, Ai Wanzhu, Li Xiaoming, Yu Jianluan and Li Wenqin. 304
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical directives for the division of marine functional zonation
GB 17108-1997
This guideline specifies the working procedures for marine functional zoning, the contents of the compilation of marine functional zoning reports, the technical requirements and legends for the compilation of zoning maps. It establishes the principles of marine functional zoning, the classification system of marine functional zones and the indicators for the classification of types. This guideline applies to the inland seas, territorial waters, islands and exclusive economic zones of the People's Republic of China and the adjacent dependent land areas. Note: Dependent land areas refer to land areas that extend from the coastline to the land and are closely related to marine development. They are generally not larger than 10 km. Localities may also determine their scope according to specific circumstances.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this guideline through reference in this guideline. At the time of publication of the guideline, the versions shown are all valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this guideline should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB3097—1982 Seawater Quality Standards
GB6249—1986 Nuclear Power Plant Environmental Radiation Protection Regulations GB11607-1989 Fishery Water Quality Standards
GBn269—1988 Petroleum Reserves Specifications
GBn 270--1988
3 Natural Gas Reserves Specifications
JTJ211-1987 Seaport General and Process Design 3 Definitions
This guideline adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Function
refers to the value and role of natural or social things in human survival and social development. 3.2 Marine functional zonation refers to an area with specific dominant functions that is conducive to the rational development and utilization of resources and can achieve the best benefits, based on the natural resource conditions, environmental conditions and geographical location of the sea area and adjacent land areas, and taking into account the current status of marine development and utilization and the needs of economic and social development.
3.3 Dominant function
Also known as dominant function. In the case of multiple functions coexisting in a certain sea area, the best function is selected through analysis and comparison based on the natural attributes of the region and the degree of social needs. Arranging development and utilization activities according to this function can not only ensure the full play of the objective value of the natural resources and environment of the sea area, but also meet the needs of the sustainable development of the economy and society of the country or region. 3.4 Division of marine functional zonation is a basic work of development and management that divides a sea area into different types of marine functional zone units according to the standards (or index standards) of various types of marine functional zones.
Baojia Technology Blue Police High 1997-11-12 Approved 1998-05-01 Implemented
305
4 Purpose and principles of marine functional zoning
4.1 Purpose of marine functional zoning
GB 17108-1997
The purpose of marine functional zoning is to determine the dominant functions and functional sequence of each functional area based on the natural attributes of the zoning area and in combination with social needs, to provide a basis for the marine management department to manage and provide macro-guidance on the development and protection of each sea area, and to achieve sustainable development and protection of marine resources.
4.2 Principles of marine functional zoning
4.2.1 The principle of focusing on natural attributes and taking social attributes into consideration The natural attributes of the zoning area, such as location, natural resources and natural environment, are the primary conditions for determining what functions the area has, and they determine the rationality of the development, utilization and protection of specific marine areas. The social attributes of the region, such as social conditions and social needs, are important conditions for determining the functions of the region, which determine what functions (or functional order) should be selected to achieve the best benefits. 4.2.2 Principle of Unification of Four Benefits
The fundamental goal of marine development and utilization is to achieve the unity of resource benefits, economic benefits, social benefits and environmental and ecological benefits. Strictly follow the laws of nature, scientifically handle the relationship between marine development and utilization and protection according to the resource regeneration capacity and the adaptability of the natural environment, and achieve sustainable development and utilization and protection of marine resources. 4.2.3 Principle of Overall Consideration and Emphasis on Key Points
When delineating various marine functional areas, it is necessary to give equal importance to development and utilization and protection, arrange the leading functions and general functions in a compatible manner, and achieve a reasonable allocation of short-term development, future development, remediation and utilization areas and reserved areas, and give overall consideration and emphasis on key points. 4.2.4 Principle of Alternativeness
In areas with multiple functions, when some functions are incompatible with each other, priority should be given to projects with narrow alternatives in terms of resources and environment in direct marine development and utilization. At the same time, attention should also be paid to arranging marine-dependent development and utilization functions and non-marine supporting development and utilization functions.
4.2.5 Feasibility principle
Marine functional zoning should be based on the current and future levels of scientific and technological and economic capabilities, fully consider the opinions of local governments and industries on the development and utilization of sea areas, coordinate with existing plans, and pay attention to maintaining the continuity of development and utilization. 4.2.6 Advancement principle
In marine functional zoning, we should reflect the advanced awareness of social development, introduce the latest research results in this field and related fields, and leave room for the introduction of higher-level high-tech and social development needs in the future. 5 Working procedures for marine functional zoning
5.1 Formulate the implementation plan for marine functional zoning The implementation plan should include the following contents:
5.1.1 Task source and requirements
The unit that issues the task, the location and scope of the zoning, and the start and end time of the work. 5.1.2 Significance
The main purpose of implementing marine functional zoning in a certain sea area and the benefits generated thereby. 5.1.3 Adoption of standards and regulations
National standards, industry standards and relevant regulations of local governments cited in the zoning. 5.1.4 Organizational Structure
To ensure the quality of zoning and facilitate the development of work, a zoning leadership organization, a scientific advisory organization and a zoning work organization should be established. The zoning work organization is under the leadership of the relevant administrative departments and is composed of professional and technical personnel and personnel from industry departments. 5.1.5 Work Content
5.1.5.1 Collect information.
306
5.1.5.2 Field investigation and interview.
GB 171081997
5.1.5.3 Prepare a marine function zoning report and prepare a marine function zoning map. 5.1.5.4 Review of zoning reports and zoning maps. 5.1.6 Submission of DocumentsbZxz.net
The following documents should be submitted for marine function zoning: marine function zoning report;
- Marine function zoning map and marine function zone registration form--Appendix (technical demonstration materials and various analysis reports related to zoning, etc.). 5.1.7 Work progress and budget
5.2 Data collection
Marine functional zoning must comprehensively collect data on natural environment, natural resources, development status, development capacity, social economy, social development, and related planning and zoning data. 5.2.1 Data collection regulations
5.2.1.1 The latest data on natural environment and natural resources should be collected. 5.2.1.2 Social and economic data should use the statistical data of the year before the start of the work, and 5.2.1.3 Development status should use the data of the current year.
5.2.1.4 Social development data should use the planning standards for the next five, ten or longer periods, as well as the planning, zoning data and research results related to the ocean formulated by relevant national departments and provinces, prefectures and counties. 5.2.2 Collection methods
5.2.2.1 Search from national, provincial and municipal science and technology information departments or data databases. 5.2.2.2 Comprehensively collect survey data, atlases and research papers from the region and relevant administrative departments, industries, large enterprises, scientific and technological institutes, and professional and technical units.
5.2.2.3 Conduct correspondence surveys, on-site investigations, and discussions with personnel from local government departments, relevant enterprises, institutions, and military units to understand the current status of collection development and existing contradictions and problems.
5.2.3 Content of collected data
5.2.3.1 Natural environment data
a) Geology and landforms: including topography, landforms, substrate, engineering geology and hydrogeology. b) Climate and terrestrial hydrology: including data on temperature, wind, humidity, sunshine, precipitation, evaporation and other climatic elements, groundwater and main river runoff.
c) Ocean hydrology: including water temperature, salinity, tides, waves, currents and other data. d) Seawater chemistry: including dissolved oxygen, pH, CODMn, phosphate, inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, etc.), oil and heavy metal content, etc.
e) Marine life: including primary productivity, marine microorganisms, plankton, benthic organisms, intertidal zone organisms and nekton organisms. f) Marine area environmental quality: including main pollution sources, ways and quantities of pollutants entering the sea, the content and distribution of major pollutants in the ocean, and environmental quality status evaluation data.
g) Natural disasters: including foothills, tropical cyclones, storm surges, storm waves, sea ice, cold waves, frost, ice density, sea fog, red tide, seawater dissipation, and coastal erosion, landslides, etc.
5.2.3.2 Information on resources and their development status
a) Information on space resources and their development status should include the following: 1) Ports, waterways and anchorages: including scope, area, water depth, hydrology and Substrate conditions, wind shelter conditions, underwater obstacles and erosion and siltation conditions, berths and occupied shoreline length, yard area, land and sea transportation, throughput capacity, operating conditions, limiting factors, existing port development history, proposed construction plans, and Information on the relationship with other development and utilization. 2) Tourism: including scope, area, quality and quantity of natural and cultural landscapes, sports and entertainment value, tourist facilities, knowledge, and tourist area level , infrastructure, tourist sources, capacity, local specialties, number of receptions, output value and foreign exchange earnings, etc. 3) Agriculture and animal husbandry: including scope, area, soil type, fertility, planting category, livestock types, livestock capacity, agricultural and animal husbandry output and output value, and related natural environment data.
4) Forest trees and vegetation: including the current status and damage of forest trees and vegetation, soil conditions, soil erosion conditions, climate conditions, fresh water supply, forest and vegetation area, species distribution, forest timber storage volume, forestry output, and output value , reproduction and protection measures and effects and other information. 5) Secondary industry and urban construction: including scope, area, population, industrial structure, output value and infrastructure, etc. b) Mineral resource development and utilization data should include the following: 1) Oil and gas fields: including scope, area, resource volume, oil and gas structure, stratigraphy and lithology, water depth, burial depth, oil layer thickness and crude oil properties, production volume, production value, and mining years , rear base and other information. 2) Solid minerals: including mineral type, location, scope, area, grade, mineral layer thickness, reserves, production volume, output value, development restrictions, etc.
c) Marine biology, chemistry, new energy resources and their development and utilization data should include the following: 1) Marine aquaculture area: including area, hydrology, water quality and substrate status, climate and environmental conditions, culture species and Information such as methods, feed and feed sources, output and output value. 2) Marine fisheries: including primary productivity, biological species and biomass, resource types and resource amounts, resource distribution and fishing grounds, fishing flood conditions, output and output value, etc.
3) Increased aquaculture: including scope, area, resource type and amount, resource evolution, resource damage, proliferation methods, proliferation protection measures and effects, etc.
4) Fishing ban area: including information such as scope, fishing ban method, fishing ban period and effects of fishing ban. 5) Salt industry: including data on tidal flat area, beach surface slope, substrate type and quality, precipitation and evaporation, seawater salinity, sunshine, wind conditions, salt field distribution and its output, output value and salt formation grade. material.
6) Underground brine resources: including scope, area, reserves, brine concentration, burial depth, output, output value, mining restrictions and other resources 7) Wind energy; including scope, development method, energy reserves, energy, energy Utilization rate, benefits and development restrictions and other information. 8) Other ocean energy: including the distribution and reserves of various ocean energy, development and utilization conditions, development status and other information. d) Data on natural disaster protection measures should include the following: 1) Protective forest belt: including length, width, tree species, forest status and felling status, etc. 2) Groundwater: distribution, reserves, water quality, current mining status, groundwater level decline, land subsidence, seawater intrusion, aquifer levels where mining is prohibited or restricted, restricted mining volume and effects, etc. 3) Coastal erosion prevention data: including economic conditions along the coast of the eroded area, length of the eroded coastline, landward advancement speed and distance, causes of erosion, protective measures and effects, etc.
4) Storm surge disasters: including information on industrial and mining enterprises, agriculture, rural areas, and urban conditions along the coast of the disaster-stricken areas, the length and depth of the coast invaded by storm surges, disaster frequency, countermeasures, and other information. 5) Flood release area: including information such as area, width, flood peak magnitude, flood discharge capacity, flood discharge utilization rate, dual use and maintenance measures. 5.2.3.3 Other information that should be collected
a) Special protected areas: including relevant information such as scope, core area, buffer zone, area, resources, industrial development status, protection objects and measures.
b) Nature reserves: including scope, core area, area, ecological types and elements, protected species and populations, rare and endangered species, natural landscapes, historical relics, environmental conditions, surrounding industry, agriculture and residents’ living conditions , information on the nature reserve level, construction status, management organization and management status, construction history, and conservation value.
c) Sewage discharge area: including area, water quality, substrate status, biological conditions, pollutant sources, types, distribution and sea discharge methods, sea area hydrodynamic conditions and other information.
d) Pollution prevention and control: including scope, area, pollution source, environmental pollution and damage, environmental quality level, treatment and protection measures and effects 308
and other information.
GB17108—1997
e) Dumping area: including scope, area, environmental conditions, type and quantity of dumped materials, degree of impact on resources, environment and industry, protective measures and effects, etc. .
f) Reserved area: including scope, area, reasons and purposes for reservation or retention, focus issues and arguments in dispute, future development direction, retention measures, and ideas for future development and utilization. 5.2.3.4 Contents of data collected during on-site investigation: a) Through discussions with governments at all levels and industry departments in the zone, understand the assumptions of each region and department, the development status of the region, verify and fill in the development status map.
b) For sections that are generally non-controversial and whose development and functions are consistent, focus on investigating the development status and existing problems, and fill in the development status map. c) On-site investigation and research should be conducted on key areas, areas with unknown conditions, and major conflicts, problems or disputes, focusing on understanding the natural environment and resource conditions, and the main opinions of the local government and people. 5.3 Delineate marine functional areas
5.3.1 Data summary and analysis
Summarize, classify and comprehensively analyze the various data collected in 5.2, mainly including: 5.3.1.1 Analysis of location advantages: geographical location Advantages, economic characteristics of the zoned area and impact on surrounding areas. 5.3.1.2 Resource analysis: The area’s superior resources, reserves and distribution, and the impact of resource development on the regional economy. 5.3.1.3 Natural environment analysis and disaster risk assessment: From the collected natural environment data, the natural environmental conditions and restrictive factors that are conducive to the development and utilization of resources in the area are summarized. 5.3.1.4 Analysis of social and economic conditions: Through the analysis of the industrial structure, output value and benefits of various industries, find out the leading direction and main problems of the region's economic development.
5.3.2 Division of marine functional areas
Based on comprehensive analysis of data, determine all the functions given by nature to each area in accordance with Appendix A (Standard Appendix) and Appendix B (Standard Appendix) . Some areas have only one function and are called single-function areas; some areas have multiple functions and are called multi-functional areas. The multi-functional area should arrange the functions in order according to the importance of each function. The first function is the leading function of the area. Functions delineated based on natural attributes can only solve the problem of what the area can (suit for) be used for. However, what should be done first or what functions should be the dominant functions need to comprehensively consider social needs, development status and other factors. To this end, the functions demarcated according to natural attributes should also be classified according to social attributes and conditions in accordance with 4.2. Analyze, compare and judge the zoning principles mentioned in Article 4.2, determine the function that has the best comprehensive benefits and plays a driving role in the economic development of the region as the leading function, and discard the incompatible functions to arrange the function order. In order to improve the scientificity and operability of the functional zoning, the following relationships should be properly handled in the specific work so as to more effectively reflect the six principles mentioned in Article 4.2.
5.3.2.1 Handling of overlapping functions
a) Handling of overlapping functions of consistency (or compatibility). When the functions do not interfere with each other during development and utilization, and sometimes help to exert comprehensive benefits, then this area is multifunctional. b) Handling of overlapping functions of inconsistency. When there are contradictions and incompatibility between the functions of the multifunctional area, determine the leading function according to the six principles, discard the incompatible functions, and then determine the function order according to the following optimization principles: 1) Comprehensively analyze each function according to the principle of unity of the four benefits, and give priority to the functions that can drive the economic development of the zoning area or play an important role in the overall situation.
2) Give priority to the direct development and utilization of the ocean. Pay attention to the arrangement of marine dependent development and utilization functions, while not neglecting the indispensable non-marine supporting development and utilization functions. 3) Functions with narrow resource and environmental alternatives should be arranged in priority over functions with wide alternatives. 5.3.2.2 The relationship between marine functional zoning and marine development planning Marine functional zoning is mainly based on natural attributes, taking into account social attributes. It considers the reasonable layout of development and utilization and governance and protection to produce the best benefits. Planning mainly considers social needs and is a work arrangement within a certain period of time. Therefore, the existing plans of various industries are one of the important basic data for zoning. The reasonable contents of the planning should be integrated and taken into account, and the unreasonable contents should be coordinated and adjusted. Marine planning after zoning should be based on zoning, and the arrangement of development projects should give priority to the dominant functions of each sea area in accordance with the functional order. 5.3.2.3 The relationship between marine functional zoning and development status a) All functions that have been used concurrently and are consistent with the dominant functions should be retained. b) In the functional sequence, although the developed and utilized functions are not the dominant functions, there is no fundamental contradiction with them. In this case, the current development status can be retained in the near future, but it must be explained in the report. In the future marine development plan, its scale should be appropriately limited and the development of the dominant function should be turned to.
c) When the current development status is unreasonable due to cognitive reasons or historical problems, and there is a fundamental contradiction with the determined dominant function or other functions, the concurrent irrationality should be explained in the report, and it is recommended to adjust the development direction. 5.4 Completion of the functional zoning sketch and the preliminary draft of the functional zoning report After the dominant functions and functional sequence of each area are determined, the "Marine Functional Zoning Report" (draft) shall be compiled according to the requirements of Chapter 6; the marine functional zoning map shall be compiled according to Appendix C (standard appendix); and the marine functional area registration form shall be filled in according to the requirements of Appendix D (standard appendix). 5.5 Solicitation of opinions
After the functional zoning sketch and the preliminary draft of the report are completed, a discussion shall be held with the relevant administrative departments and industry authorities in the zoning area to solicit opinions and make revisions.
5.6 Review
After the marine functional zoning map and marine functional zoning report are prepared, an expert meeting will be held for review. 5.7 Modification, finalization, and approval
According to the reasonable opinions and suggestions put forward by experts during the review, the report will be modified, finalized, and submitted to the competent department for approval. 6 Preparation of marine functional zoning report
6.1 Requirements
The marine functional zoning report should correctly reflect the natural conditions, resource conditions, development status and social economy of the zoning area, the principles, methods and basis of zoning, and fully explain the reasons for the division of various functional areas. 6.2 Main contents
6.2.1 Purpose and principles of zoning
6.2.2 Basis and adoption standards of zoning
6.2.3 Geographical location and location advantages of the zoning area6.2.4 Social and economic conditions
Mainly explain the following contents:
a) Scope of the zoning area: including sea area, island area, coastline length, and land area. b) Population status: population size, population density and population quality. c) Urban structure and distribution.
d) Status of major marine industries and related industries relying on land (such as structure, type, layout, output, output value, benefits, prospects and existing problems).
e) Infrastructure: including the overview of roads, railways, sea and air transportation, power supply, water supply and communication conditions. 6.2.5 Natural conditions
Mainly describe the following relevant contents:
a) Geological and geomorphological characteristics and stability.
b) Climate characteristics: annual average wind speed and dominant wind direction, annual average temperature, extreme temperature and monthly average temperature, average annual precipitation, number of days with precipitation, extreme precipitation, sunshine, evaporation, and disastrous weather. c) Hydrological conditions: main characteristics of seawater temperature, salinity, depth, current, waves and tides in the divided sea area. d) Marine life
310
and changes.
GB 17108-1997
1) Seasonal variation, annual mean and distribution of primary productivity. 2) Types, population structure, number of individuals and distribution of plankton, benthic organisms, intertidal zone organisms, swimming organisms and microorganisms e) Current status and evaluation of marine environmental quality
1) Types, numbers and pathways of pollutants entering the sea. 2) Planar distribution, seasonal variation and annual mean of the content of major pollutants. 3) Evaluation of the current status of environmental quality.
f) Major natural disasters and risk conditions.
6.2.6 Types and development status of natural resources
The following contents should be emphasized:
a) Major natural resources and their development status
1) Port, waterway and anchorage resources, including the port site and natural conditions where the port can be built, the development status of the port; the location and natural conditions of the natural waterway; the natural conditions of the main port anchorage. 2) Marine aquatic resources, including the amount, distribution and catch of major economic fish, shrimp, shellfish and algae, cultivatable species, cultivatable area, bait supply and culturing status. 3) Tourism resources, including the location, natural conditions and development status of major tourist areas and tourist attractions. 4) Mineral resources, including the distribution, grade, reserves and scale of various minerals in the zoning area, and the development status of major mineral resources. 5) Sea salt resources, including the area and distribution of salt-suitable areas, as well as the bottom conditions and meteorological conditions of tidal flats and wastelands in salt-suitable areas, and the development status of sea salt resources. If there are brine resources, the distribution, reserves and Be' degree of brine should also be described. 6) Land resources, including the area, distribution, soil type and utilization of land. 7) Distribution, theoretical reserves, development conditions and development status of ocean energy and wind energy. 8) Freshwater resources, including the distribution pattern, seasonal changes and water quality of surface water, and the distribution, reserves and water quality of groundwater. b) Comprehensively review the development and utilization status, prospects and existing problems of various resources. 6.2.7 Functional Zoning
According to the classification system and zoning standards of marine functional zones, delineate various functional zones, determine the dominant functions and functional order, and fill in the marine functional zone registration form according to Appendix D (Standard Appendix). Provide necessary explanations for the confirmation of key functional zones and the handling of contradictions. 6.2.8 Suggestions for comprehensive marine development and management Analyze the main problems existing in marine development and management, and put forward corrective measures and suggestions for these problems. 6.2.9 Drawing a marine functional zoning map
When compiling a marine functional zoning map, we must first highlight the functional characteristics of the ocean and the three-dimensional characteristics of the ocean, and expand the amount of information in the map as much as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the practicality and comparability between regions of marine functional zoning maps. Marine functional zoning maps shall be compiled in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C (standard appendix). 311
GB17108—1997
Appendix A
(standard appendix)
Marine functional zone classification system
Marine functional zones adopt a five-category and four-level system , divided into five major categories: development and utilization areas, regulation and utilization areas, marine protected areas, special function areas and reserved areas. Each category is divided into several sub-categories, sub-categories and types (see Table A1). Table A1 Classification system of marine functional areas
Large
Class
Development and utilization area
Regulation and utilization area
312
Sub||tt ||Category
Space resource development
Utilization area
Mineral resource development
Utilization area
Biological resource development
Utilization area|| tt||Chemical resource development
Utilization area
Ocean energy and wind energy
Development and utilization area
Offshore engineering
Utilization area
Resources Restoration protected area
Environmental management protected area
Disaster prevention area
Subcategory
Port area
Marine shipping area
Tourist area| |tt||Agricultural, forestry and pastoral areas
Industrial and urban construction areas
Nuclear energy utilization areas
Oil and gas areas
Solid mineral areas
Marine aquaculture areas
Marine fishing area
Salt field area
Underground brine area
Ocean energy area
Wind energy area
Offshore engineering construction area||tt ||Submarine pipeline area
Proliferation area
No fishing area
Groundwater extraction prohibited and restricted area
Protective forest belt
Pollution prevention area||tt ||Coastal erosion prevention area
Storm prevention area
Sea ice prevention area
Species
Class
Wayway
Anchor||tt ||Land
Agricultural area
Forestry area
Animal husbandry
Metal mining area
Non-metal mining area
Tidal flat breeding area||tt ||Shallow sea culture area
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.