GB/T 19117-2017 Acid Rain Observation Specification GB/T19117-2017 |tt||Standard compression package decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the general principles of acid rain observation, observation sites, precipitation sampling equipment, observation laboratories, pH meters and conductivity meters, precipitation sample collection and measurement preparation, precipitation sample measurement, quality control and quality assurance, acid rain observation records and acid rain observation data. ? This standard applies to acid rain observation work carried out at fixed ground stations.

ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19117—2017
Replaces GB/T19117—2003
Specifications for acid rain monitoringIssued on 2017-05-12
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2017-12-01
2 Normative references
Terms and definitions
Observation site
Precipitation sampling equipment
Observation laboratory
pH meter and conductivity meter
Collection and measurement preparation of precipitation samples
Measurement of precipitation samples
Quality assurance and quality control
12 Acid rain observation records and acid rain observation dataAppendix A (Informative Appendix)
Appendix B (Regulatory Appendix) Appendix C (Informative Appendix)
Observation environment report
Standard buffer solution and preparation method
Acid rain observation record
Appendix D (Informative Appendix)
Verification method for precipitation pH value and precipitation conductivity measurement data Appendix E (Informative Appendix)
Appendix F (Informative Appendix)
Appendix G (Informative Appendix)
Appendix H (Informative Appendix)
References
Observation quality control chart
Acid rain observation quality assessment
Daily acid rain observation data file
Monthly acid rain observation data file.
GB/T19117—2017
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This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. GB/T19117—2017
This standard replaces GB/T19117—2003 "Specification for Acid Rain Observation". The main technical changes compared with GB/T19117—2003 are as follows: the definition of "pH value of atmospheric precipitation" has been modified (see 3.3, 3.3 of the 2003 edition); the definition of "electrical conductivity of atmospheric precipitation" has been modified (see 3.4, 3.4 of the 2003 edition); the definition of "standard buffer solution" has been added (see 3.5); the definition of "self- Added the technical provisions for the regular calibration of pH meters and conductivity meters (see 8.3); added the technical provisions for the performance of pH measuring electrodes and conductivity measuring electrodes (see 8.1 and 8.2); added the technical provisions for the calibration method of precipitation pH value and precipitation conductivity observation data (see 11.1 and Appendix D); modified the style and content of the acid rain observation record book in Appendix F (Informative Appendix) (see Appendix F, 2003 2003 edition);
Added Appendix G (Informative Appendix) on the technical provisions of the file format of daily observation data (see Appendix G); revised the technical provisions of the relevant weather phenomenon records in Appendix H (Informative Appendix) (see Appendix H, Appendix F of the 2003 edition).
This standard is proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Sub-Technical Committee on Atmospheric Composition Observation, Forecast and Warning Services of the National Technical Committee for Climate and Climate Change Standardization (SAC/TC540/SC1).
Drafting units of this standard: Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Hubei Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Beijing Institute of Urban Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Shanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Science Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Tang Jie, Zhang Xiaochun, Yang Zhibiao, Pu Weiwei, Hao Yufeng, Wang Mian, Jin Junli, Cheng Hongbing, Jia Xiaofang, Lv Shanshan. This standard was first issued in May 2003, and this revision is the first revision. III
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1 Scope
Acid Rain Observation Specification
GB/T19117—2017
This standard specifies the general principles of acid rain observation, observation sites, precipitation sampling equipment, observation laboratories, pH meters and conductivity meters, precipitation sample collection and measurement preparation, precipitation sample measurement, quality control and quality assurance, acid rain observation records and acid rain observation data. This standard applies to acid rain observation work carried out at fixed ground stations. 2 Normative References
The following documents are applicable to acid rain observation work carried out at fixed ground stations. The application of this document is indispensable. For any dated referenced document, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T11165—2005 Laboratory pH meter
GB/T26800—2011 Conductivity electrode
HJ/T174-2005 Technical requirements and test methods for automatic rainfall samplers JJG376-2007 Conductivity meter
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
acid rain
Atmospheric precipitation with a pH value less than 5.60.
Note: Atmospheric precipitation includes liquid precipitation, solid precipitation and mixed precipitation. 3.2
Acid rain monitoring
Systematic collection of precipitation samples at fixed ground stations, measurement of atmospheric precipitation pH value and atmospheric precipitation conductivity, and provision of precipitation samples for chemical composition analysis.
pH value of atmospheric precipitation
pH value of precipitation
The negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions in atmospheric precipitation. PH=-Ig[H+]
Where:
pH pH value of atmospheric precipitation, dimensionless;
[H+]—hydrogen ion activity, unit is mole per liter (mol·L-1). 3.4
Electrolytic conductivity of precipitation
electrolytic conductivity of precipitation;specific conductance of precipitationA measure of the conductivity of atmospheric precipitation, which is the ratio of the current density passing through the atmospheric precipitation sample in the conductivity measurement cell to the electric field strength applied to it. bZxz.net
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GB/T19117—2017
Note: The unit of current density is ampere per square meter (A·m-\): The unit of electric field strength is volt per meter (V·m-\): The unit of atmospheric precipitation conductivity is Siemens per meter (S·m-1), and the commonly used unit is microSiemens per centimeter (μS·cm-1) 3.5
standardbuffer solution
Standard buffer solution
A buffer solution with a certain buffer capacity, anti-dilution ability and a determined pH value. 4 General Principles
Acid rain observation should complete the following tasks: Maintain the working environment of the observation site and laboratory, and regularly prepare observation environment reports: 1. Correctly use and maintain observation instruments:
1. Complete the collection of precipitation samples, measurement of pH value and conductivity, filling in records, review and submission of materials: 1. Carry out quality assurance and quality control of observations. 5 Observation Site
5.1 Site Selection
The observation site should be selected and set up in accordance with the following requirements: 5.1.1E
a) Far away from industrial areas or residential areas, avoiding the direct impact of local pollution sources; b) Flat terrain, avoiding the obstruction of tall objects; c) The area of ​​the observation site should not be less than 10m×10m, and a sparse fence of 1.2m high should be set up around it; d) The observation site should be covered with light grass and paved with a path of 0.3m~0.5m width. 5.1.2 The surrounding environment of the observation site should be investigated and an observation environment report should be filled out once a year. The format of the observation environment report is shown in Appendix A.
Equipment and layout on the site
The equipment on the observation site includes precipitation sampling equipment, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction measuring equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. The measuring equipment for precipitation, wind speed and wind direction should use special instruments that meet the technical requirements specified by the meteorological authority of the State Council. 5.2.2
The precipitation sampling equipment shall comply with the provisions of 6.1 or 6.2. 5.2.3
The layout of the equipment in the observation field shall comply with the following requirements: 5.2.4
a) No mutual influence and convenient for observation and operation;
Arrange according to the height of the equipment, and the tall equipment should be installed on the north side; b)
The distance between the equipment in the north-south direction should be no less than 3m, the distance in the east-west direction should be no less than 4m, and the distance between the equipment and the fence should be no less than 3mc
There should be no obstruction within ±45 degrees in the direction of the precipitation sampling equipment. 6 Precipitation sampling equipment
6.1 Artificial precipitation sampling equipment
6.1.1 Artificial precipitation sampling equipment includes precipitation sampling rack and precipitation sampling container. 6.1.2 The precipitation sampling rack is made of metal material and the surface is treated with anti-corrosion. The precipitation sampling rack should be firmly fixed on the base, and the height of the base shall not exceed 10cm from the ground.
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6.1.3 The precipitation sampling container is a sampling bucket or a sampling bucket plus a sampling bag, which should meet the following requirements: a) The sampling bucket is a white (white) polyethylene plastic bucket with an upper diameter of 40cm and a height of 45cm, equipped with a bucket cover: GB/T19117-2017
b) The sampling bucket used in conjunction with the sampling bag should have a small hole with a diameter of 5mm10mm at the bottom to remove the air between the sampling bag and the wall of the sampling bucket;
c) The sampling bag is made of polyethylene or nylon, and its size matches the sampling bucket. After unfolding, it can be completely attached to the inner wall of the bucket, and the upper edge can be turned out of the sampling bucket by 5cm for easy fixation. The sampling bag is disposable. 6.1.4 The sampling bucket (or sampling bucket plus sampling bag) should be able to be securely placed on the precipitation sampling rack, keep the bucket mouth horizontal, and not easily blown by strong winds, as shown in Figure 1. The height of the sampling barrel mouth from the ground should be 120cm150cm. $400mm
Description:
1—sampling barrel (or sampling barrel plus sampling bag); 2—precipitation sampling rack;
3—base.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of artificial precipitation sampling equipment
6.2 Automatic precipitation sampling equipment
Automatic precipitation sampling equipment consists of precipitation sampling container, sampling container outer protection barrel, sampling barrel cover, barrel cover protection barrel, rain sensor, barrel cover opening/closing mechanism, bracket mechanism, etc. The working environment and safety performance of the whole machine shall meet the following requirements: a) Applicable ambient temperature: -50℃～50℃; b) Applicable maximum ambient relative humidity: 100% Applicable maximum wind speed: Level 9;
Applicable maximum daily precipitation: 300mm;
Applicable altitude: 0m~3000m;
f) Mean time between failures (MTBF) not less than 4000hg)
Applicable power supply: AC180V~AC250V
Insulation Resistance: In the rainy state, the insulation resistance of the power input terminal of the automatic precipitation sampler to the shell (ground terminal) shall not be less than 5MQ
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GB/T19117—2017
i) Insulation strength: In the rainy state, the power input terminal of the automatic precipitation sampler and the shell (ground terminal) can withstand 50Hz, 1500V power frequency AC voltage for 1min without strong flying fox and breakdown phenomenon: i) It has leakage protection and lightning protection.
6.2.2 The precipitation sampling container is a sampling barrel or a sampling barrel plus a sampling bag, and its specifications and performance index requirements are the same as those of the artificial precipitation sampling equipment. 6.2.3 The outer protective barrel of the sampling container should be able to securely fix the sampling barrel, and a ventilation gap should be left between it and the sampling barrel to reduce the heating of the sampling barrel by solar radiation.
6.2.4 The sampling barrel cover shall meet the following performance requirements: a) The inner surface shall be made of sealing material made of plastic or nylon, which shall be easy to clean or replace; b) It shall fit tightly and evenly with the mouth of the sampling barrel without any gaps, and shall still have good sealing properties under severe weather conditions such as strong winds, sandstorms, etc.; c) It shall have anti-freezing rain function and can still be opened flexibly in the event of freezing rain. 6.2.5 The barrel cover protection barrel is used to protect the inner surface of the sampling barrel cover from being contaminated by splashing during the precipitation period. The barrel mouth diameter should be the same as the outer protection barrel of the sampling container.
6.2.6 The rain sensor should meet the following performance requirements: a) It has sensitive induction to liquid precipitation and can sensitively sense raindrops with a precipitation intensity of 0.05mm/min or a diameter of 0.5mm. The detection method is shown in HJ/T174-2005;
b) It has good induction to solid precipitation and mixed precipitation, and the induction failure rate (the ratio of no-induction time to total precipitation delay during the precipitation period) is not more than 15%:
c) It has anti-fog and anti-condensation functions to avoid false sensing signals due to fog, condensation, etc.; d) It has insect and bird-proof design to avoid interference from insects and birds; e) It automatically generates time records of rain sensing signals. 6.2.7 The barrel cover opening/closing mechanism shall meet the following performance requirements: a) The barrel cover opening/closing action shall be accurate, flexible and reliable; after receiving the rain sensing signal, the barrel cover shall be fully opened within 60s; the action time from opening to fully opening shall not exceed 30s b)
c) After the rain sensing signal disappears, the barrel cover shall be fully closed within 300s; the action time from closing to fully closing shall not exceed 305 d
Automatically generate the barrel cover opening and closing time record.
6.2.8 The bracket mechanism and installation of the automatic precipitation sampling equipment shall meet the following requirements (see Figure 2): a) The sampling barrel mouth is horizontal, and its height is 120cm~150cm; b)
The rain sensing surface height of the rain sensor is 120cm~150cm, not lower than the (static) height of other parts of the automatic sampling equipment c) The horizontal distance between the rain sensing surface of the rain sensor and other parts of the automatic sampling equipment is not less than 30cm. Description:
Precipitation sampling container:
External protective barrel of the sampling container;
Sampling barrel cover;
A rain sensor;
Barrel cover protection barrel;
Opening and closing barrel cover mechanism:
Bracket mechanism;
A base.
Observation laboratory
Laboratory requirements
Office 40cm
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of automatic precipitation sampling equipment
GB/T19117—2017
The acid rain observation laboratory is a place for preparing precipitation sampling and analyzing precipitation samples, and should meet the following requirements: a) Equipped with a dedicated measurement and analysis workbench, a sampling barrel (bag) preparation workbench, a dedicated storage cabinet and a refrigerator: b) Equipped with a stable 220V AC power supply;
Equipped with water supply and drainage facilities;
d) The room is clean and dustproof, open flames are strictly prohibited, and the temperature and humidity should meet the environmental requirements for the use of instruments. 7.2 Pure water
The conductivity of pure water used in acid rain observation should be less than 10μS·cm-17.3 Commonly used chemical reagents
The purity level and main uses of commonly used chemical reagents for acid rain observation are shown in Table 1. Chemical reagents should be classified and stored in a storage cabinet, dry and ventilated, and avoid direct sunlight.
GB/T19117—2017
Potassium chloride
Potassium hydrogen phthalate
Mixed phosphates
Sodium tetraborate
Table 1 Commonly used chemical reagents for acid rain observation
Purity level
Analytical pure
35%~36%, chemical pure
Chemical pure
Chemical pure
Chemical pure
7.4 Commonly used instruments and appliances
Main uses
pH meter composite electrode adding reagents, various glass and polyethylene containers for conductivity electrode calibration, cleaning, testing and sampling Preparation of standard buffer solution
Preparation of standard buffer solution
Preparation of standard buffer solution
Commonly used instruments include beakers, volumetric flasks, watch glasses, wash bottles, trays, sampling barrels, plastic bottles, etc. Their minimum number and main uses are shown in Table 2.
Commonly used instruments for acid rain observation
Volume flask
Reagent bottle
Surface blood
Sampling barrel
Plastic bottle
250mL or 500mL
250mL~500mL
$5cmg12cm
500mL~1000mL
20cmX30cm
45cmXg40cm
100mL~200mL
Minimum quantity
Grade, type
Colorless glass or polyethylene
Colorless glass, second-class or above
Colorless glass, second-class or above Above
Colorless glass, second-class or above
Polyethylene
White, made of porcelain or plastic
White (no) color, polyethylene, with cover
White (no) color polyethylene, double sealing coverMain purpose
Preparing solution, holding precipitation sample
Preparing standard buffer solution
Preparing standard buffer solution
As a temporary cover for sample containers such as beakersRinsing equipment and utensils
Holding equipment and utensils
Collecting precipitation samples
Storing precipitation samples, standard buffer solutions, etc. Commonly used utensils include stainless steel scissors, stainless steel tweezers, glass rods, angle spoons, various brushes for washing, gauze and filter paper, etc. The use and storage of various equipment and utensils should meet the following requirements: they should be cleaned, dried or wiped in time after use; they should be placed in categories when stored, and the storage environment should be clean and dry; they should not be used for other purposes.
Cleaning and drying of blood
The first use of glass (polyethylene) blood should be cleaned according to the following steps: brush with synthetic detergent, rinse with tap water; a)
Soak in 6mol·L-hydrochloric acid solution for 24 hours, rinse with tap water until neutral: b)
Finally, rinse with pure water 3 times.
Used glass (polyethylene) blood should be cleaned according to the following steps:
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