Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Cattle skin
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB 11759-89
This standard specifies the terminology, processing requirements, specification requirements and precautions, weight regulations, varieties, board types, quality differences and inspection methods, packaging, storage and preservation of cowhide. This standard applies to the purchase and sale of domestic cowhide. 2 Terms
2.1 Good board quality: thick or slightly thin skin, oily and elastic. 2.2 Weak board quality: thin and slightly thin skin, slightly less oily, and elastic. 2.3 Weak board quality: thin skin, less oily, and poor elasticity. 2.4 Sores and scars: injuries left on the skin due to skin ulcers are called sores, and scars left after the sores heal are called scars. 2.5 Ringworm: A skin disease caused by poor feeding and management. Light hair is dry and silvery-grey debris on the skin surface, which is called ringworm. Heavy hair is messy and sparse, the skin is thicker, the skin surface is dry and has ridge-like bumps, which is called epilepsy. 2.6 Lice bites: The head of cattle lice drills into the skin to suck blood and leaves sesame-sized bumps on the skin surface. 2.7 Snake eyes: It refers to the holes left on the skin by the larvae of cattle flies (cowhide) that parasitize on cattle, and the bubbles on the skin surface with larvae inside before the holes appear. 2.8 Snake bottom: The small scars left on the skin after the rainbow eyes heal. 2.9 Shoulder scars: The local skin of the neck and shoulders is rubbed by the tools for a long time to form a callus. 2.10 Lying in the pen: The hair on the back and abdomen is stuck together by feces. Light hair roots can shake when pushed by hand, heavy hair roots are firmly stuck and cannot move when pushed by hand.
Wrinkles: Generally appear on both sides of the back of buffalo hides, with root-shaped lines on the surface of the skin, and the board surface has wrinkles in severe cases. 2.11
Neck lines: Generally appear on old and thin cowhides and cowhides produced in cold areas. The neck leather board shows horizontal stripes. Spun hair skin: There are more spun hairs in the coat. Horn scratches: When the cow is on the top rack, the skin is scratched by the horns. In mild cases, the wound has healed and new hair has grown, and there is scurf on the surface of the skin. In severe cases, the 2.14
fur falls off and the wound has not healed.
Whip scars: The skin of the cow is whipped by a whip, and a long scar is left on the leather board after the wound heals. Holes: refers to various holes on the leather board, and also includes knife wounds with a depth of more than half. Tracing knife: refers to knife wounds on the board with a depth of no more than half of the thickness of the skin. For light scratches, the scratch depth does not exceed one-third of the thickness of the skin. For heavy scratches, the scratch depth exceeds one-third of the thickness of the skin, but does not reach one-half. 2.18
Abrasions: The skin of cattle is rubbed by the tools when working, or the skin surface is rubbed during the drying and transportation of the cowhide. Reverse claws: The hair surface of the front skin and the leg skin is opposite due to improper skinning. Leaky crotch: Improper skinning, mistakenly connecting part of the belly skin behind the buttocks, making the tail and anus in the middle of the back of the skin, or making the edge of the buttocks concave inward in a crescent shape.
Stale board: Old skin from the previous year, the hair is dull, the luster is poor, the board surface is dry and yellow, and the elasticity is poor. Frozen bran board: Fresh skin is frozen, thick and bran, the board surface is milky white, and the oiliness is poor. Lime board: Lime is sprinkled on fresh skin, causing the board surface to be grayish white, with poor oiliness and hardened. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on November 16, 1989, and implemented on July 1, 1990
GB 11759--89
2.24 Smoked board: caused by the rawhide being smoked for a long time. In mild cases, the board surface is yellow flesh color, poor oiliness, smoke smell, and poor elasticity. In severe cases, the board surface is dry yellow, dull and oily, with a strong smoke smell and poor elasticity. 2.25 Flower salt board: caused by uneven salting when pickling. Some parts of a piece of skin are salted on the board, the board surface is covered with saltpeter, and the luster is dark, while some parts are still lighter than the board, the board surface is oily and has strong elasticity. 2.26 Insect bite: refers to the cottonworm injury caused by the leather sac biting off the hair roots and eating the leather surface, resulting in messy and sparse hair and revealing white stripes, and the leather board is eaten into small holes by the leather sac.
2.27 Hair loss due to suffocation: caused by untimely drying of fresh leather or improper storage, part of the hair falls off, the board surface is dark, oily, and has poor elasticity.
2.28 Yellow spots: mostly appear on buffalo leather, with egg yolk spots or patches of varying sizes on the board surface. 2.29 Oil-smeared board: leather board festering caused by oxidation of oil on the leather board. In mild cases, the board surface has more oil stains and poor elasticity. In severe cases, the oil stain layer on the board surface is thicker, and cracks can be seen on the board surface when the leather is folded. 2.30 Stone burn: fresh leather is baked on hot stones, and the leather board at the burned part becomes charred and hard, with uneven protrusions and dark color on the board surface. 2.31 Fire pit board: fresh leather is baked on a fire pit, causing the leather board to be scorched, and in severe cases, it will break when folded. 3 Processing requirements
3.1 Slaughter and peel properly, shape intact, dry flat, hair surface and skin board clean. 3.2 Light drying board: trim the fresh skin clean, that is, cut off the lips, ear roots, coccyx, horns, hooves and remove fat, residual meat, feces, and then flatten and dry. When drying, avoid exposure to the sun and pay attention to avoid curling and folding of the edges to prevent the occurrence of man-made injuries such as hair loss. When the skin is about 80% dry, fold the skin according to the required shape. After folding, continue to dry until the whole skin is dry. 3.3 Salt drying board: lay the trimmed fresh skin (trimming requirements are the same as light board) with the hair side down on the cement floor or in the salting pool. Then flatten and spread the head, legs and edges of the skin. Then sprinkle salt evenly on the skin board, stack them one by one, and sprinkle salt one by one. After the whole pile of skin is salted, dry it again.
3.4 Wide support board (buffalo leather): Place the trimmed fresh leather (the trimming requirements are the same as those of the light dry board) in the liquid medicine pool and soak for 5-10 minutes. Then take out the leather and lay it flat on the rectangular leather support wooden frame. Then use several S-shaped wire hooks of different lengths to hook the edges of the leather with the holes on the wooden frame one by one. Then place the wooden frame in a ventilated place for drying. When the leather is about 80% dry, remove the wire hooks and fold the leather into the shape required by the regulations. After folding, continue to dry until the whole leather is dried. 3.5 Clean support board (buffalo leather): After trimming the fresh leather, use a knife to cut 56-60 support holes on the head, legs and edges of the leather. Then select several bamboos of moderate thickness and different lengths. Hang the two ends of each bamboo in the corresponding support holes according to the requirements of the leather. After the leather is flattened, place it in a ventilated place for drying. When the hide is about 80% dry, remove the bamboo and fold it into the required shape. After folding, continue to dry until the hide is completely dry.
3.6 Hair board (buffalo hide): Fresh hides that have not been trimmed cleanly or have not been trimmed of residual meat are stretched flat with bamboo according to the requirements of stretching the hide and dried. 3.7 Hair board (buffalo hide): Fresh hides are stretched flat and dried without bamboo support. 3.8 Folding: In order to facilitate transportation, storage and protect the quality of cowhide, it must be folded into a uniform shape. The folding method is as follows: 168
Specification requirements
The first step is to fold the head, legs and tail skin
The third step is to fold the yellow cowhide from the head to the kidney under the front glue (refer to this specification for braised cowhide)
GB 11759-89
Quality requirements
The board quality is good, and one of the following disabilities is allowed
The second step is to fold it left and right along the middle spine
The shape of the skin after folding
1. There are 3 holes and scars, with a total area not exceeding 20cm2 (1.8 inches2), but only one scar can be on the nail, with a total area not exceeding 10cm2 (0.9 inches2), 2. Two tracer knives, with a total length not exceeding 20cm (6 inches), 3. Four scratches, with a total area not exceeding 40cm2 (3.6 inches2), 4. No more than 2 pieces,
5. Mild ringworm on the back, with a total area of no more than 200cm2 (18 inches 2) Poor quality
Buffalo leather
4.3 Consumption cowhide
GB11759-89
Continued Table 1
Quality requirements
Thinner board, or board with first-class leather, one of the following injuries is allowed 1. Four holes, with a total area of no more than 40cm2 (3.6 inches 2) 2. Four tracer wounds, with a total length of no more than 40cm (12 inches) 3. Six abrasions, with a total area of no more than 200cm2 (18 inches 2) 14. Four scars, with a total area of no more than 100cm2 (9 inches 2) #5. Slightly suffocated hair loss, with a total area of no more than 100cm2 (9 inches 2), 6. Snake eyes are concentrated in one place, and the total area does not exceed 5% of the total leather area. 7. Slight lice bites, ringworm, insect bites, smoke, frozen bran boards. The board quality is poor, and can be carried with a first-class leather disability, or with first-class leather board quality, the disability can not exceed 25% of the total leather area, or with second-class leather board quality, the disability can not exceed 15% of the total leather area.
Does not have the same internal leather quality
The board quality is good, and one of the following disabilities is allowed. Requirements
1. There are slight wrinkles on the nails, and the total area does not exceed 500cm2 (45 inches 2) 2. Scars and holes are four, and the total area does not exceed 30cm2 (2.7 inches 2); 3. Four abrasions, with a total area not exceeding 100cm2 (9 inches 2); 4. The shoulder scar is slightly protruding, but the skin is not too thick; 5. Slight eczema;
6. Four tracer scars, with a total length not exceeding 40cm (12 inches). The skin is thin and can be a kind of disability with first-class skin, or with first-class skin, with heavier wrinkles, eczema, rough skin, shoulder scars protruding higher and the skin is thicker with cracks, holes, scars, abrasions, tracer scars and other disabilities not exceeding 5% of the total skin area, or yellow spots, hair loss due to depression, slight insect damage and other disabilities not exceeding one, and their area does not exceed 3% of the total skin area. The surface of the leather has protruding wounds, not exceeding 15% of the total leather area. The board quality is poor, and it is allowed to carry one kind of first-class leather disability, or with first-class leather board quality, it can carry a disability not exceeding 25% of the total leather area, or with second-class leather board quality, it can carry a concentrated disability not exceeding 15% of the total leather area.
Not with the same inner leather quality
Poor quality ratio
Priced by quality below 50%
Quality ratio system
Priced by quality below 50%
Notes
GB11759-89
Good board quality, it is allowed to carry one of the following disabilities 1. Tracing knife, the total length does not exceed 30cm (9 inches) Request
2. Four holes and scars, the total area does not exceed 40cm2 (3.6 inches2) 3. Four abrasions, the total area does not exceed 200cm2 (18 inches2) 4. No more than four rainbow eyes
For a thinner skin, it is allowed to carry one kind of first-grade skin damage, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated tracers, holes, rainbow eyes, scars, worm-eaten, and mild tinea, with a total area not exceeding 10% of the total skin areabZxz.net
For a poorer skin, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry damage not exceeding 25% of the total skin area, or for a second-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated damage not exceeding 15% of the total skin area. It does not have the same inner skin quality
The quality is less than 50% of the Greek
Price is calculated based on quality
5.1 When purchasing raw hides, the weight of impurities such as lips, ear roots, coccyx, hoof shell, meat scraps, fat, and soil should be deducted, and the price should be calculated based on the weight of the net skin.
No discount will be given for scalps.
5.3 If the damage of each grade of hide is less than one of the provisions of this grade, it can be combined with part of other damages specified in this grade for calculation. 5.4 Other injuries not listed in the specification requirements may be handled according to the degree of their impact on the leather value, but first-class leathers must not have soft injuries. 5.5 The number, area and length of injuries listed in the specification requirements are based on medium-sized leathers. Large and small leathers can be expanded or contracted by 50% on this basis, but injuries calculated as a percentage of the total leather area cannot be expanded or contracted. 5.6 Severely sheared yak hides should be downgraded as appropriate. 5.7 The units of measurement in the specification requirements shall be based on the International System of Units. The number of municipal units in brackets is only a reference number corresponding to the number of international units. When the number of international units and municipal units is not completely consistent, the number of international units shall prevail.
The area below the shoulder except the edge is part A, and the neck is part B (see the schematic diagram of parts A and B): the neck
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of parts A, B and edges of yellow cattle hide471
5.9 Regulations on weight
GB11759-89
5.9.1 Yellow cattle hide (including yak hide): large hides are more than 9kg, medium hides are more than 6kg, and small hides are more than 2.5kg. Less than 2.5kg is yellow calf hide (small yak hides are more than 3kg). 5.9.2 Buffalo hide: large hides are more than 18kg, medium hides are more than 14kg, and small hides are more than 7kg (the net support board without the scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small hides).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large yellow cattle hide is more than 6.5kg, medium hide is more than 4.5kg, small hide is more than 2kg, large buffalo hide is more than 15kg, medium hide is more than 11kg, small hide is more than 7kg. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium hides
Small hides
7 Variety ratio difference
Yellow cattle hide and braided cattle hide are 100%, and yak hide is 80%. Board type ratio difference
8.1Light-dried board is 100%, and salt-dried board is 80%. Edge specification range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 The net support of buffalo leather is 100%, the support is 110%, the hair support is 90%, and the hair is 75%. The quality ratio of yellow cattle leather is poor
Henan Province is 100%, and some counties in Sanmenxia City are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Shandong Province is 100%, and some counties in the Yimeng Mountain Area are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, and Hubei Province are 100%. Hunan Province: 100% in the border areas with Hubei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Jiangxi Province: 100% in the Poyang Lake area, and 90% in other areas. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the border areas with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other counties are 90%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties in Hulunbuir and Ximeng. Specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. Other areas are 90%. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and specific counties are arranged by the province. The southern part of Tianjin and Beijing is 100%, and the northern part is 90%. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 100%.
Shaanxi Province: 100% in some counties in Guanzhong area, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 90%. 10 Inspection method
When purchasing, each piece should be inspected.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and weigh them to calculate the weight. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, they can re-inspect according to the batch ratio to determine the handover grade of the batch of cowhide. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage, and preservation
11.1 Marking: After the cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with a grade mark. The printing color is preferably red, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, the rope tying method is adopted, that is, cowhides of the same variety, grade and board grade are tied into one bundle. When tying, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outwards, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit is marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: The cowhides must be strictly inspected before entering the warehouse, and the damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out. They can only be put into the warehouse after being dried and treated with insects to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhides should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in the warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pads should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 The stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to variety, board grade and grade, and anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment should be carried out. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Frequent inspections should be conducted during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects from April to October each year, so pest control and pest control should be done effectively. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 473Mild scars;
6, four scratches, total length not exceeding 40cm (12 inches), the skin is thin, and can be a kind of disability with first-class skin, or with first-class skin, with heavier wrinkles, scars, rough skin, shoulder scars that are prominent and thicker, with cracks, holes, scars, abrasions, scratches, etc., not exceeding 5% of the total skin area, or yellow spots, hair loss due to depression, slight insect damage, etc., not exceeding one, and the area does not exceed 3% of the total skin area. The surface of the leather has protruding wounds, not exceeding 15% of the total leather area. The board quality is poor, and it is allowed to carry one kind of first-class leather disability, or with first-class leather board quality, it can carry a disability not exceeding 25% of the total leather area, or with second-class leather board quality, it can carry a concentrated disability not exceeding 15% of the total leather area.
Not with the same inner leather quality
Poor quality ratio
Priced by quality below 50%
Quality ratio system
Priced by quality below 50%
Notes
GB11759-89
Good board quality, it is allowed to carry one of the following disabilities 1. Tracing knife, the total length does not exceed 30cm (9 inches) Request
2. Four holes and scars, the total area does not exceed 40cm2 (3.6 inches2) 3. Four abrasions, the total area does not exceed 200cm2 (18 inches2) 4. No more than four rainbow eyes
For a thinner skin, it is allowed to carry one kind of first-grade skin damage, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated tracers, holes, rainbow eyes, scars, worm-eaten, and mild tinea, with a total area not exceeding 10% of the total skin area
For a poorer skin, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry damage not exceeding 25% of the total skin area, or for a second-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated damage not exceeding 15% of the total skin area. It does not have the same inner skin quality
The quality is less than 50% of the Greek
Price is calculated based on quality
5.1 When purchasing raw hides, the weight of impurities such as lips, ear roots, coccyx, hoof shell, meat scraps, fat, and soil should be deducted, and the price should be calculated based on the weight of the net skin.
No discount will be given for scalps.
5.3 If the damage of each grade of hide is less than one of the provisions of this grade, it can be combined with part of other damages specified in this grade for calculation. 5.4 Other injuries not listed in the specification requirements may be handled according to the degree of their impact on the leather value, but first-class leathers must not have soft injuries. 5.5 The number, area and length of injuries listed in the specification requirements are based on medium-sized leathers. Large and small leathers can be expanded or contracted by 50% on this basis, but injuries calculated as a percentage of the total leather area cannot be expanded or contracted. 5.6 Severely sheared yak hides should be downgraded as appropriate. 5.7 The units of measurement in the specification requirements shall be based on the International System of Units. The number of municipal units in brackets is only a reference number corresponding to the number of international units. When the number of international units and municipal units is not completely consistent, the number of international units shall prevail.
The area below the shoulder except the edge is part A, and the neck is part B (see the schematic diagram of parts A and B): the neck
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of parts A, B and edges of yellow cattle hide471
5.9 Regulations on weight
GB11759-89
5.9.1 Yellow cattle hide (including yak hide): large hides are more than 9kg, medium hides are more than 6kg, and small hides are more than 2.5kg. Less than 2.5kg is yellow calf hide (small yak hides are more than 3kg). 5.9.2 Buffalo hide: large hides are more than 18kg, medium hides are more than 14kg, and small hides are more than 7kg (the net support board without the scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small hides).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large yellow cattle hide is more than 6.5kg, medium hide is more than 4.5kg, small hide is more than 2kg, large buffalo hide is more than 15kg, medium hide is more than 11kg, small hide is more than 7kg. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium hides
Small hides
7 Variety ratio difference
Yellow cattle hide and braided cattle hide are 100%, and yak hide is 80%. Board type ratio difference
8.1Light-dried board is 100%, and salt-dried board is 80%. Edge specification range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 The net support of buffalo leather is 100%, the support is 110%, the hair support is 90%, and the hair is 75%. The quality ratio of yellow cattle leather is poor
Henan Province is 100%, and some counties in Sanmenxia City are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Shandong Province is 100%, and some counties in the Yimeng Mountain Area are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, and Hubei Province are 100%. Hunan Province: 100% in the border areas with Hubei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Jiangxi Province: 100% in the Poyang Lake area, and 90% in other areas. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the border areas with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other counties are 90%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties in Hulunbuir and Ximeng. Specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. Other areas are 90%. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and specific counties are arranged by the province. The southern part of Tianjin and Beijing is 100%, and the northern part is 90%. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 100%.
Shaanxi Province: 100% in some counties in Guanzhong area, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 90%. 10 Inspection method
When purchasing, each piece should be inspected.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and weigh them to calculate the weight. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, they can re-inspect according to the batch ratio to determine the handover grade of the batch of cowhide. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage, and preservation
11.1 Marking: After the cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with a grade mark. The printing color is preferably red, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, the rope tying method is adopted, that is, cowhides of the same variety, grade and board grade are tied into one bundle. When tying, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outwards, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit is marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: The cowhides must be strictly inspected before entering the warehouse, and the damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out. They can only be put into the warehouse after being dried and treated with insects to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhides should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in the warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pads should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 The stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to variety, board grade and grade, and anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment should be carried out. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Frequent inspections should be conducted during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects from April to October each year, so pest control and pest control should be done effectively. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 473Mild scars;
6, four scratches, total length not exceeding 40cm (12 inches), the skin is thin, and can be a kind of disability with first-class skin, or with first-class skin, with heavier wrinkles, scars, rough skin, shoulder scars that are prominent and thicker, with cracks, holes, scars, abrasions, scratches, etc., not exceeding 5% of the total skin area, or yellow spots, hair loss due to depression, slight insect damage, etc., not exceeding one, and the area does not exceed 3% of the total skin area. The surface of the leather has protruding wounds, not exceeding 15% of the total leather area. The board quality is poor, and it is allowed to carry one kind of first-class leather disability, or with first-class leather board quality, it can carry a disability not exceeding 25% of the total leather area, or with second-class leather board quality, it can carry a concentrated disability not exceeding 15% of the total leather area.
Not with the same inner leather quality
Poor quality ratio
Priced by quality below 50%
Quality ratio system
Priced by quality below 50%
Notes
GB11759-89
Good board quality, it is allowed to carry one of the following disabilities 1. Tracing knife, the total length does not exceed 30cm (9 inches) Request
2. Four holes and scars, the total area does not exceed 40cm2 (3.6 inches2) 3. Four abrasions, the total area does not exceed 200cm2 (18 inches2) 4. No more than four rainbow eyes
For a thinner skin, it is allowed to carry one kind of first-grade skin damage, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated tracers, holes, rainbow eyes, scars, worm-eaten, and mild tinea, with a total area not exceeding 10% of the total skin area
For a poorer skin, or for a first-grade skin, it is allowed to carry damage not exceeding 25% of the total skin area, or for a second-grade skin, it is allowed to carry concentrated damage not exceeding 15% of the total skin area. It does not have the same inner skin quality
The quality is less than 50% of the Greek
Price is calculated based on quality
5.1 When purchasing raw hides, the weight of impurities such as lips, ear roots, coccyx, hoof shell, meat scraps, fat, and soil should be deducted, and the price should be calculated based on the weight of the net skin.
No discount will be given for scalps.
5.3 If the damage of each grade of hide is less than one of the provisions of this grade, it can be combined with part of other damages specified in this grade for calculation. 5.4 Other injuries not listed in the specification requirements may be handled according to the degree of their impact on the leather value, but first-class leathers must not have soft injuries. 5.5 The number, area and length of injuries listed in the specification requirements are based on medium-sized leathers. Large and small leathers can be expanded or contracted by 50% on this basis, but injuries calculated as a percentage of the total leather area cannot be expanded or contracted. 5.6 Severely sheared yak hides should be downgraded as appropriate. 5.7 The units of measurement in the specification requirements shall be based on the International System of Units. The number of municipal units in brackets is only a reference number corresponding to the number of international units. When the number of international units and municipal units is not completely consistent, the number of international units shall prevail.
The area below the shoulder except the edge is part A, and the neck is part B (see the schematic diagram of parts A and B): the neck
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of parts A, B and edges of yellow cattle hide471
5.9 Regulations on weight
GB11759-89
5.9.1 Yellow cattle hide (including yak hide): large hides are more than 9kg, medium hides are more than 6kg, and small hides are more than 2.5kg. Less than 2.5kg is yellow calf hide (small yak hides are more than 3kg). 5.9.2 Buffalo hide: large hides are more than 18kg, medium hides are more than 14kg, and small hides are more than 7kg (the net support board without the scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small hides).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large yellow cattle hide is more than 6.5kg, medium hide is more than 4.5kg, small hide is more than 2kg, large buffalo hide is more than 15kg, medium hide is more than 11kg, small hide is more than 7kg. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium hides
Small hides
7 Variety ratio difference
Yellow cattle hide and braided cattle hide are 100%, and yak hide is 80%. Board type ratio difference
8.1Light-dried board is 100%, and salt-dried board is 80%. Edge specification range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 The net support of buffalo leather is 100%, the support is 110%, the hair support is 90%, and the hair is 75%. The quality ratio of yellow cattle leather is poor
Henan Province is 100%, and some counties in Sanmenxia City are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Shandong Province is 100%, and some counties in the Yimeng Mountain Area are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, and Hubei Province are 100%. Hunan Province: 100% in the border areas with Hubei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Jiangxi Province: 100% in the Poyang Lake area, and 90% in other areas. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the border areas with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other counties are 90%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties in Hulunbuir and Ximeng. Specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. Other areas are 90%. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and specific counties are arranged by the province. The southern part of Tianjin and Beijing is 100%, and the northern part is 90%. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 100%.
Shaanxi Province: 100% in some counties in Guanzhong area, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 90%. 10 Inspection method
When purchasing, each piece should be inspected.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and weigh them to calculate the weight. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, they can re-inspect according to the batch ratio to determine the handover grade of the batch of cowhide. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage, and preservation
11.1 Marking: After the cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with a grade mark. The printing color is preferably red, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, the rope tying method is adopted, that is, cowhides of the same variety, grade and board grade are tied into one bundle. When tying, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outwards, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit is marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: The cowhides must be strictly inspected before entering the warehouse, and the damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out. They can only be put into the warehouse after being dried and treated with insects to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhides should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in the warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pads should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 The stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to variety, board grade and grade, and anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment should be carried out. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Frequent inspections should be conducted during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects from April to October each year, so pest control and pest control should be done effectively. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 4736 inches 2) 3. Four scratches, the total area does not exceed 200cm2 (18 inches 2) 4. No more than four rainbow eyes
For thinner skins, it is allowed to have a kind of first-class skin injury, or for first-class skins, it is allowed to have concentrated tracers, holes, rainbow eyes, scars, insect bites, and mild ringworm, the total area does not exceed 10% of the total skin area
For poorer skins, or for first-class skins, it is allowed to have injuries not exceeding 25% of the total skin area, or for second-class skins, it is allowed to have concentrated injuries not exceeding 15% of the total skin area. It does not have the quality of the inner skin
The quality is less than 50% of the Greek
Price is calculated based on quality
5.1 When purchasing raw hides, the weight of impurities such as lips, ear roots, coccyx, hoof shells, meat scraps, fat, and soil should be deducted, and the price should be calculated based on the weight of the clean skin.
No discount is given for scalp.
5.3 If the injuries of each grade of leather are less than one of the provisions of this grade, part of the other injuries specified in this grade can be added for calculation. 5.4 Other injuries not listed in the specification requirements can be considered according to the degree of their impact on the leather value, but first-grade leather cannot have soft injuries. 5.5 The number, area and length of injuries listed in the specification requirements are based on the standard of medium-sized leather. Large and small leathers can be expanded or contracted by 50% on this basis, but injuries calculated as a percentage of the total leather area cannot be expanded or contracted. 5.6 Severely sheared yak hides should be downgraded as appropriate. 5.7 The measurement units in the specification requirements shall be based on the international system of units. The number of municipal units in brackets is only a reference number corresponding to the number of international system units. When the number of international system units and municipal units are not completely consistent, the number of international system units shall prevail.
The area below the shoulder except the edge is part A, and the neck is part B (see the schematic diagram of parts A and B): the neck
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of parts A, B and edges of yellow cattle hide471
5.9 Regulations on weight
GB11759-89
5.9.1 Yellow cattle hide (including yak hide): large hides are more than 9kg, medium hides are more than 6kg, and small hides are more than 2.5kg. Less than 2.5kg is yellow calf hide (small yak hides are more than 3kg). 5.9.2 Buffalo hide: large hides are more than 18kg, medium hides are more than 14kg, and small hides are more than 7kg (the net support board without the scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small hides).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large yellow cattle hide is more than 6.5kg, medium hide is more than 4.5kg, small hide is more than 2kg, large buffalo hide is more than 15kg, medium hide is more than 11kg, small hide is more than 7kg. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium hides
Small hides
7 Variety ratio difference
Yellow cattle hide and braided cattle hide are 100%, and yak hide is 80%. Board type ratio difference
8.1Light-dried board is 100%, and salt-dried board is 80%. Edge specification range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 The net support of buffalo leather is 100%, the support is 110%, the hair support is 90%, and the hair is 75%. The quality ratio of yellow cattle leather is poor
Henan Province is 100%, and some counties in Sanmenxia City are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Shandong Province is 100%, and some counties in the Yimeng Mountain Area are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, and Hubei Province are 100%. Hunan Province: 100% in the border areas with Hubei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Jiangxi Province: 100% in the Poyang Lake area, and 90% in other areas. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the border areas with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other counties are 90%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties in Hulunbuir and Ximeng. Specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. Other areas are 90%. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and specific counties are arranged by the province. The southern part of Tianjin and Beijing is 100%, and the northern part is 90%. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 100%.
Shaanxi Province: 100% in some counties in Guanzhong area, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 90%. 10 Inspection method
When purchasing, each piece should be inspected.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and weigh them to calculate the weight. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, they can re-inspect according to the batch ratio to determine the handover grade of the batch of cowhide. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage, and preservation
11.1 Marking: After the cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with a grade mark. The printing color is preferably red, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, the rope tying method is adopted, that is, cowhides of the same variety, grade and board grade are tied into one bundle. When tying, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outwards, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit is marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: The cowhides must be strictly inspected before entering the warehouse, and the damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out. They can only be put into the warehouse after being dried and treated with insects to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhides should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in the warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pads should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 The stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to variety, board grade and grade, and anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment should be carried out. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Frequent inspections should be conducted during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects from April to October each year, so pest control and pest control should be done effectively. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 4736 inches 2) 3. Four scratches, the total area does not exceed 200cm2 (18 inches 2) 4. No more than four rainbow eyes
For thinner skins, it is allowed to have a kind of first-class skin injury, or for first-class skins, it is allowed to have concentrated tracers, holes, rainbow eyes, scars, insect bites, and mild ringworm, the total area does not exceed 10% of the total skin area
For poorer skins, or for first-class skins, it is allowed to have injuries not exceeding 25% of the total skin area, or for second-class skins, it is allowed to have concentrated injuries not exceeding 15% of the total skin area. It does not have the quality of the inner skin
The quality is less than 50% of the Greek
Price is calculated based on quality
5.1 When purchasing raw hides, the weight of impurities such as lips, ear roots, coccyx, hoof shells, meat scraps, fat, and soil should be deducted, and the price should be calculated based on the weight of the clean skin.
No discount is given for scalp.
5.3 If the injuries of each grade of leather are less than one of the provisions of this grade, part of the other injuries specified in this grade can be added for calculation. 5.4 Other injuries not listed in the specification requirements can be considered according to the degree of their impact on the leather value, but first-grade leather cannot have soft injuries. 5.5 The number, area and length of injuries listed in the specification requirements are based on the standard of medium-sized leather. Large and small leathers can be expanded or contracted by 50% on this basis, but injuries calculated as a percentage of the total leather area cannot be expanded or contracted. 5.6 Severely sheared yak hides should be downgraded as appropriate. 5.7 The measurement units in the specification requirements shall be based on the international system of units. The number of municipal units in brackets is only a reference number corresponding to the number of international system units. When the number of international system units and municipal units are not completely consistent, the number of international system units shall prevail.
The area below the shoulder except the edge is part A, and the neck is part B (see the schematic diagram of parts A and B): the neck
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of parts A, B and edges of yellow cattle hide471
5.9 Regulations on weight
GB11759-89
5.9.1 Yellow cattle hide (including yak hide): large hides are more than 9kg, medium hides are more than 6kg, and small hides are more than 2.5kg. Less than 2.5kg is yellow calf hide (small yak hides are more than 3kg). 5.9.2 Buffalo hide: large hides are more than 18kg, medium hides are more than 14kg, and small hides are more than 7kg (the net support board without the scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small hides).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large yellow cattle hide is more than 6.5kg, medium hide is more than 4.5kg, small hide is more than 2kg, large buffalo hide is more than 15kg, medium hide is more than 11kg, small hide is more than 7kg. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium hides
Small hides
7 Variety ratio difference
Yellow cattle hide and braided cattle hide are 100%, and yak hide is 80%. Board type ratio difference
8.1Light-dried board is 100%, and salt-dried board is 80%. Edge specification range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 The net support of buffalo leather is 100%, the support is 110%, the hair support is 90%, and the hair is 75%. The quality ratio of yellow cattle leather is poor
Henan Province is 100%, and some counties in Sanmenxia City are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Shandong Province is 100%, and some counties in the Yimeng Mountain Area are 90%. The specific counties are arranged by the province. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, and Hubei Province are 100%. Hunan Province: 100% in the border areas with Hubei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Jiangxi Province: 100% in the Poyang Lake area, and 90% in other areas. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the border areas with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other counties are 90%. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties in Hulunbuir and Ximeng. Specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. Other areas are 90%. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and specific counties are arranged by the province. The southern part of Tianjin and Beijing is 100%, and the northern part is 90%. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 100%.
Shaanxi Province: 100% in some counties in Guanzhong area, and specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 90%. 10 Inspection method
When purchasing, each piece should be inspected.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and weigh them to calculate the weight. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, they can re-inspect according to the batch ratio to determine the handover grade of the batch of cowhide. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage, and preservation
11.1 Marking: After the cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with a grade mark. The printing color is preferably red, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, the rope tying method is adopted, that is, cowhides of the same variety, grade and board grade are tied into one bundle. When tying, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outwards, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit is marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: The cowhides must be strictly inspected before entering the warehouse, and the damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out. They can only be put into the warehouse after being dried and treated with insects to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhides should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in the warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pads should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 The stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to variety, board grade and grade, and anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment should be carried out. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Frequent inspections should be conducted during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects from April to October each year, so pest control and pest control should be done effectively. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 4732 Buffalo leather: large leather weighs more than 18kg, medium leather weighs more than 14kg, and small leather weighs more than 7kg (the net support board without scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small leather).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large leather weighs more than 6.5kg, medium leather weighs more than 4.5kg, and small leather weighs more than 2kg for yellow cattle leather; large leather weighs more than 15kg, medium leather weighs more than 11kg, and small leather weighs more than 7kg for buffalo leather. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium leather
Small leather
7 Variety ratio difference
100% for yellow cattle leather and braided cattle leather, and 80% for yak leather. Poor board quality
8.1 100% for light-dried board and 80% for salt-dried board. Specified edge range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 100% for net support board and 110% for support board of buffalo hide, 90% for hair support board and 75% for hair board. Poor quality ratio of yellow cow hide in different regions
100% for Henan Province and 90% for some counties in Sanmenxia City. Specific counties are arranged by the province. 100% for Shandong Province and 90% for some counties in Yimeng Mountain Area. Specific counties are arranged by the province. 100% for Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City and Hubei Province. 100% for Hunan Province: 100% for areas bordering Hubei Province and 90% for specific counties by the province. 90% for other areas. 100% for Poyang Lake area and 90% for other areas in Jiangxi Province. Zhejiang Province: 100% in the areas bordering Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. 90% in other areas. Heilongjiang Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Jilin Province: 100% in some areas in the east and central part, 90% in the west, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Liaoning Province: 100% in Liaodong and Liaonan, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. 90% in other counties. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: 100% in some banners and counties of Hulunbuir League and Ximeng League. The specific counties are arranged by the autonomous region. 90% in other areas. Hebei Province: 100% in the east and south, 90% in the north, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. 100% in the south of Tianjin and Beijing, and 90% in the north. Shanxi Province: 90% in the areas bordering Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, and Hebei Province, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. 100% in other areas.
Shaanxi Province: Some counties in Guanzhong area are 100%, and the specific counties are arranged by the province. Other areas are 90%. Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are 90%. 10 Inspection Method
Each piece should be inspected when purchasing.
10.2 Count the number of pieces according to grade and calculate the weight by weighing. 10.3 During the handover, if both parties have objections to the handover acceptance grade, the handover grade of the batch of cowhide can be determined by re-inspection according to the batch ratio. After re-inspection, if both parties still have objections, they should negotiate to resolve them. If they cannot be resolved through negotiation, a technician with a higher professional title than the handover personnel should be invited to make a ruling. 10.4 The handover specification tolerance rate is 8% (quantity). 11 Packaging, storage and storage
11.1 Marking: After cowhide is graded, it should be stamped with the grade mark. Red is the preferred color, and chemical dyes should not be used. 11.2 Packaging method: Generally, rope bundling is used, that is, cowhide of the same variety, grade and board grade are bundled into one bundle. When bundling, the upper and lower skins of the bundle must face outward, and then be tied tightly with ropes, and the delivery unit should be marked. 11.3 Inspection before entering the warehouse: Before cowhide enters the warehouse, it must be strictly inspected. The damp or insect-eaten skins must be picked out, and they can only be entered into the warehouse after they are dried and disinfected to meet the requirements.
11.4 The warehouse for storing cowhide should be clean, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof and insect-proof, and bitter cloth should be prepared for outdoor storage. Whether it is stored in a warehouse or in the open air, sleepers and pad stones should be used to make the bottom of the stack when stacking, and the height of the bottom of the stack should be 30 to 50 cm. 11.5 Stored cowhides should be stacked and stored according to type, board type and grade, and treated with anti-corrosion and anti-insect treatment. 11.6 Inspection during storage: Regular inspections should be carried out during storage. If the humidity in the warehouse is too high, the warehouse is leaking, the warehouse is infested with insects or mold, measures such as ventilation, stacking, drying and pest control should be taken immediately. 11.7 Hides are most likely to be infested with insects between April and October each year, so pest control and pest control should be carried out effectively. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Tea and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce. The main drafters of this standard are Ke Xuezhang, Liu Meichen and Gao Daowen. 4732 Buffalo leather: large leather weighs more than 18kg, medium leather weighs more than 14kg, and small leather weighs more than 7kg (the net support board without scalp, and those weighing more than 6kg are classified as small leather).
5.9.3 Wide support board: large leather weighs more than 6.5kg, medium leather weighs more than 4.5kg, and small leather weighs more than 2kg for yellow cattle leather; large leather weighs more than 15kg, medium leather weighs more than 11kg, and small leather weighs more than 7kg for buffalo leather. 6 Others
The following items are not considered as injuries or defects:
6.1 The leather is slightly rough at the shoulder scar.
6.2 Slightly lying or slightly traced.
6.3 Edges
Large and medium leather
Small leather
7 Variety ratio difference
100% for yellow cattle leather and braided cattle leather, and 80% for yak leather. Poor board quality
8.1 100% for light-dried board and 80% for salt-dried board. Specified edge range
10cm (3 inches)
5cm (1.5 inches)
8.2 100% for net support board and 110% for support board of buff
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