SJ/Z 3206.5-1989 Photographic processing of photographic plates and films for spectrochemical analysis SJ/Z3206.5-1989 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard applies to the photographic processing of photographic plates and films for spectrochemical analysis.

Guiding Technical Documents of the Ministry of Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China SJ/Z3206.5-89
Photographic Processing Methods for Photosensitive Plates and Films for Spectrochemical Analysis This standard applies to the photographic processing of photosensitive plates and films for spectrochemical analysis. 1. Process
Photographic processing is the process of developing the invisible latent image produced on the emulsion into a visible image after the photosensitive plate is exposed, and then removing the unexposed photosensitive material, washing the residual chemical agent with water, and drying to obtain a permanent analytical spectrum.
2. Apparatus and equipment
2.1 Constant temperature bath
Maintain the temperature of the developer at 20±0.5℃.
2.2 Developing equipment
Used to store the developer, stop solution and fixer respectively. The developing tray, tank or any item that contacts the operating solution should be made of glass, plastic, stainless steel, porcelain or glazed ceramic. Note: Tin, copper, brass and metal-plated ironware should be avoided. 2.3 Washer
Used for washing plates or films, water is directed to the plates or films, so that they are evenly immersed in the running water. 2.4 Drying device
Uses infrared lamps or resistance heaters to generate circulating hot air to dry the spectrum plate emulsion. 2.5 Safelight
Selected according to the requirements of the spectrum plate manufacturer. Method: The inspection method of safety lamp lighting is to expose the test sample to the safe light for different time periods until fog is generated. The light chamber that can generate fog must be reduced by at least four times. This can be achieved by reducing the power of the safe light or reducing the time the emulsion is exposed to normal light under the safe light. This method is used to eliminate the fog and its effect on the latent image that has been formed. 2.6 Refrigerator
Used for storing plates and films. The temperature is below 10℃ and the relative humidity does not exceed 60%. Before taking the plates and film boxes out of the refrigerator and opening them for use, they should be placed at least 4 hours to close to room temperature to avoid condensation of water vapor on the cold surface. After unsealing, do not refreeze.
2.7 Desiccator
Used for short-term storage of photographic plates or films to avoid the influence of environmental humidity. The desiccant used is usually the Ministry of Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China 1989-02-10 Filter 1989-03-01 Implementation
2.8 Glass cutter and cutting board stand
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Used to cut the appropriate size of the photographic plate. To prevent the emulsion from being scratched, a layer of paper or flannel should be placed on the cutting board stand.
2.9 Timing clock
The accuracy is 1s.
3 Reagents and materials
3.1 Purity and concentration of reagents
The purity and concentration of the chemical reagents used should meet the requirements specified in the formula. Reagents specially used for photography are preferred. In addition, deionized water or distilled water is required. 3.2 The developer
should be formulated according to the instructions of the photosensitive material used. The following are the formulas of several commonly used developers for spectral analysis:
Formula 1
Water (35~45)
sulfuric acid p-methylaminophenol (Metol) (chemically pure) anhydrous sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
hydroquinone (chemically pure)
anhydrous sodium carbonate (chemically pure)
potassium bromide (chemically pure)
water to 1000ml
various reagents are added in the order listed above, and the next reagent is added after the previous reagent is dissolved (the same below). The developing time is 3~4min at 20℃.
Formula 2
Water 500ml
para-Methylaminophenol sulfate (Metol) (chemically pure) Anhydrous sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
Hydroquinone (chemically pure)
Anhydrous sodium carbonate (chemically pure)
Potassium bromide (chemically pure)
Add water to
1000ml
Development time is about 4 minutes at 20℃ and about 3 minutes at 21C. Formula 3 (Developer A, B)
Solution A
Water 500ml
Sulfate p-aminophenol (Methyl) (chemically pure) Sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
Hydroquinone (chemically pure)
Add water to
Solution B
Sodium carbonate (chemically pure)
Potassium bromide (chemically pure)
Add water to
SJ/Z8206.5-89bzxz.net
1000ml
1000ml
Before use, mix solutions A and B in a ratio of 1:1. The developing time is 3~4min at 20C. 3.8 Fixing solution
The formulas of several commonly used fixing solutions for spectral analysis are as follows: Formula 1
Water (35~45)
Sodium sulfate (Na2S.O, ·5H,O) (chemically pure) Anhydrous sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
Acetic acid (28%) (chemically pure)
[or acetic acid (98%) (chemically pure)
Boric acid (chemically pure)
Potassium aluminum sulfate (potassium alum) (chemically pure) Add water to
|Formula 2
Water (50℃)
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S.O:·5HzO) (chemically pure) Ammonium fluoride (chemically pure)
Anhydrous sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
Acetic acid (28%) (chemically pure)
Boric acid (chemically pure)
Potassium aluminum sulfate (potassium alum) (chemically pure) Add water to
Formula 3
Sodium thiosulfate (NaS.O,·5HO) (chemically pure) Ammonium chloride (chemically pure) Pure)
Add water to
3.4 ​​Stop solution
Formula 1
1000ml
1000ml
1000ml
Acetic acid (28%) (chemically pure)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (chemically pure)
Formula 2
Glacial acetic acid (98%) (chemically pure)
Add water to
3.5 Cleaning solution
SJ/Z3206.5- 89
1000ml
3.5.1 To remove rust caused by the oxidation products of the developer, prepare the following solutions: Water
Potassium dichromate (chemically pure)
Sulfuric acid (concentrated) (chemically pure)
1000ml
Water added to
Note: Sulfuric acid must be added slowly to the aqueous solution and stirred continuously. The aqueous solution must never be added to the acid, otherwise the solution will boil and the acid will splash onto the hands and face, causing severe burns. 3.5.2 To remove rust caused by silver, silver sulfide and many dyes, prepare the following solutions: Solution A
Potassium permanganate (chemically pure)
Sulfuric acid (concentrated) (chemically pure)
Water added to
1000ml
Note, the solution is stored in a stoppered glass bottle and kept away from light. Solution B
Sodium oxysulfite (chemically pure)
Anhydrous sodium sulfite (chemically pure)
Add water to
3.6 Sodium thiosulfate (Hypo) test solution
Potassium permanganate (chemically pure)
Sodium hydroxide (chemically pure)
Add water to
4 Operation steps
4.1 Development
Put the exposed photosensitive plate into the 20℃ developer in a dark room and stir it thoroughly for development. The development time is 3 to 4 minutes.
In the development operation, the preparation of the developer, storage conditions, development temperature and time, and stirring will affect the emulsion characteristic curve of the photosensitive material. The following are the precautions for development. 4.1.1 When loading and unloading photosensitive materials in a dark room, the operation should be carried out under the specified lighting conditions. Orthochromatic emulsions use red bulbs, and panchromatic emulsions use dark green bulbs. 4.1.2 After the developer is prepared, it should be placed for more than 3 hours, and the solution can only be used after aging and stabilization. In addition, during the storage period and the development process, the pH value and developing ability of the developer should change little. For this reason, it should be placed in a brown bottle and stored at low temperature. When the developing ability changes, the developer should be discarded. 4.1.3 The developing temperature and developing time must be fixed. The developing time is controlled by a timer. The developing temperature significantly affects the developing ability and quality. Usually the temperature change should be controlled within the range of ±0.5℃. 4.1.4 When placing the photosensitive plate in the developer, the emulsion side should be facing up and the emulsion should not be scratched. Be careful not to let bubbles adhere to the emulsion surface.
4.1.5 The developer liquid level should be more than 1 cm above the emulsion surface of the photosensitive material. During the development process, the developer liquid should be stirred continuously to eliminate the Ebahad effect. The simplest way is to move the developer disk back and forth. The shaking speed should be uniform and moderate, and the photosensitive plate should not be exposed to the liquid surface.
4.1.6 Removal of color spots
According to 3.5.1 Pour the prepared cleaning solution into the container to be washed, then pour it out and rinse it carefully with water. To remove silver spots on the plate, first use a small amount of solution A (see 3.5.2) to clean it carefully, then add a small amount of solution B (see 3.5.2), stir and rinse it carefully. Solutions A and B can also be used to remove rust spots on fingers. Wash them thoroughly with water after use. 4.2 Stop (Develop)
Immerse the photosensitive material that has finished developing in the stop solution for 15 to 30 seconds as soon as possible. 4.3 Fixing
Take the photosensitive material out of the stop solution and move it to the fixing solution. Stir the fixing solution continuously during fixing. The fixing temperature is generally 20℃. The fixing time should be at least twice the time required for the emulsion to become transparent. Usually, fix it in the newly prepared fixing solution for 5 to 10 minutes. If the film does not need to be stored for a long time, fix it for 45 to 60 seconds after the emulsion is fixed to transparency. 4.4 Rinse
After fixing, the plates and films should be rinsed in running water to remove the chemicals and silver salts attached to the photosensitive materials. Place the photosensitive materials in running water at a temperature of 18-21°C, usually for 10-15 minutes. It must be noted that the water flow should not be too fast or directly hit the photosensitive film surface to avoid damaging the emulsion. If the spectrum is only to be stored for about 6 months, it is usually sufficient to rinse for 1-3 minutes. If it is to be stored for a long time, it needs to be rinsed for 30 minutes. If the water flow rate is large enough and the water in the container can be completely replaced every 5 minutes, the sodium thiosulfate attached to most photographic emulsions can usually be washed away within 30 minutes. Sodium thiosulfate test solution (see 3.6) is very convenient for checking whether the rinsing is thorough. Note: To check whether the rinsing is thorough, take 250ml of distilled water and put it in a clean beaker. Add 1ml of sodium thiosulfate test solution. Take the photosensitive plate or film out of the rinse water and drip the water on its surface into the beaker containing the test solution for 30 seconds. If there is residual sodium thiosulfate, the test solution will change from purple to orange. If the residual sodium thiosulfate concentration is high, it will change to yellow. In both cases, the photosensitive plate and film should be further rinsed and checked repeatedly until the purple color does not change. Note. If there are oxidizable organic matter in the water, it will react with potassium permanganate and change the color of the test solution in the same way as sodium thiosulfate. Therefore, the rinsing water should be tested as follows: Take two samples of distilled water containing sodium thiosulfate test solution prepared as above, and add tap water to the samples, the volume of which is equal to the amount of washing water dropped from the photosensitive plate or film to the other sample. If the test solution with tap water still maintains a purple-red color, it means that there is no organic matter in the tap water. If the tap water slightly changes the color, the presence of sodium thiosulfate can be judged by the relative change in the color of the two samples. Drying
Wipe off the water on the surface of the photosensitive plate with moistened deerskin or a fine-grained viscose sponge washed in distilled water and wrung out, and dry it with an infrared lamp or electric heater. Note that the temperature should not exceed 30°C to prevent the emulsion from softening or wrinkling. The photosensitive plate can also be placed upright on a specially made spectrum rack at room temperature to dry naturally, but this method takes a long time and is not suitable for rapid analysis.
Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Electronic Standardization Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by Factory 772 and the Electronic Standardization Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. The main drafters of the standard are Fang Zhixian, Zhao Changchun and Huang Wenyu. -6 -
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