Technical procedure for forecasting the powdery mildew of rubber trees
Some standard content:
ICS65.020
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T1089-2006
Technical procedure for forecasting the powdery mildew of rubber trees
Issued on 2006-07-10
Implemented on 2006-10-01
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. NY/T1089—2006
Drafting units of this standard: Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau, Yunnan Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau Main drafters of this standard: Zheng Fucong, Huang Hongcai, He Chunping, Chen Jixian, Zheng Xiaolan. I
1 Scope
Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Powdery Mildew Forecasting
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This standard specifies the terminology and definitions for rubber tree powdery mildew forecasting, forecasting network construction and management, forecasting data collection and statistics, epidemic intensity classification, forecasting and other technical methods. This standard applies to the forecasting of rubber tree powdery mildew in China. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. "Technical Regulations for Rubber Tree Plant Protection", 1986 Agricultural (Reclamation) No. 168. 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Powdery mildew of rubber trees is a fungal disease caused by the infection of rubber tree powdery spores (Oidium heueae Steinm), which causes abnormal leaf fall or leaf tissue necrosis of rubber trees.
Budding period
refers to the period from when most rubber trees are in the state of new buds to when the buds open their leaflets. 3.3
Period of bronze-coloured leaves refers to the period when most of the newly grown leaves of rubber trees are bronze-coloured. 3.4
Period of green leaves
A phenological stage of mature rubber trees in a growing season, which refers to the period when most of the newly grown leaves of rubber trees are light green.
Period of ageing leaves refers to the period when most of the newly grown leaves of rubber trees turn into mature leaves. 3.6
Stands
Rubber forests separated by roads or windbreaks that are convenient for management according to terrain and cultivation. 3.7
Inoculation quantity at the end of over-winterThe number of powdery mildew fungi remaining in rubber trees before they sprout in spring. 3.8
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Systematic survey on the diseaseThe operation of regularly observing and recording the entire process of the occurrence and development of powdery mildew in rubber trees. 3.9
New twigs in winter
New twigs in winter.
number of new twigs in winterThe number of new twigs in winter when the budding rate of the whole rubber tree reaches 5%3.11
Aging leaves in winterOld leaves that remain physiologically active during the winter of rubber trees. 3.12
Number of ageing leaves staying in trees in winterWhen the budding rate of the whole plant reaches 5%, the number of old leaves that overwinter on rubber trees. 3.13
Time of disease first appearedThe date on which powdery mildew was first found on the new leaves of rubber trees that year3.14
Forecast and prediction of plant diseasesThe use of experience or system simulation methods to estimate the prevalence of diseases after a certain period of time based on the epidemic law of diseases is called prediction, and the release of prediction results by authoritative organizations is called forecast. 4 Construction and management of monitoring and reporting network
The rubber tree powdery mildew monitoring and reporting network consists of central monitoring and reporting stations, farm monitoring and reporting stations and production team observation points. 4.1 Central monitoring and reporting stations
4.1.1 Number of central monitoring and reporting stations
The number of central monitoring and reporting stations in each province (autonomous region) should be 2 to 4.4.1.2 Determination of the location of central monitoring and reporting stations
The central monitoring and reporting stations should have a relatively broad representation in terms of ecological environment, climate conditions and rubber tree varieties or strains. 4.1.3 Determination of observation points of central monitoring and reporting stations In each central monitoring and reporting station, 3 to 4 representative forest sections in terms of ecological environment, microclimate and rubber tree varieties or strains are selected as observation points. In these forest sections, the "alternate row and connected plant" method is adopted, and 100 rubber trees are selected in each forest section, numbered, and used as the survey objects of phenology and disease.
In the forest sections determined as observation points, no prevention and control operations against powdery mildew are carried out during the powdery mildew epidemic. 4.1.4 Conditions that the central monitoring station should be equipped with
Each central monitoring station should be equipped with 1~2 plant protection officers and 2 technicians. The rubber production authorities of the province (autonomous region) should equip the central monitoring station with corresponding equipment, including spore catchers, biological microscopes and computers. And connect to the Internet as much as possible to collect data and publish monitoring information through the computer network. 4.1.5 Tasks of the central monitoring station
4.1.5.1 Collect disease and phenological data
From the beginning of budding of 5% of the rubber plants to 20 days after 95% of the new leaves of the plants have aged, every 3 days, systematically observe the observation points of this central monitoring station, record and collect disease and phenological data.2
4.1.5.2 Collect meteorological data
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Central forecasting stations with meteorological observation stations nearby can use the meteorological data of the meteorological observation stations. Otherwise, the central forecasting station should collect and accumulate local meteorological data on its own. 4.1.5.3 Organize and compile relevant data
Systematically organize and statistically analyze the disease, phenology and meteorology, and form a forecasting report, which shall be submitted to the provincial (autonomous region) rubber production technical department.
4.1.5.4 Research on forecasting technology
Central forecasting stations should actively carry out research on powdery mildew forecasting technology to improve forecast accuracy. 4.1.5.5 Properly preserve relevant data According to
The central monitoring station should systematically archive and properly preserve the data collected over the years (including paper and electronic materials). 4.2 Farm monitoring points
4.2.1 Number of farm monitoring points
Each farm should set up a monitoring point.
4.2.2 Determination of the number and location of observation points for farm monitoring points Each monitoring point should select one of two forest sections that can more widely represent the situation of the farm in terms of microclimate, rubber tree varieties or strains as the observation point of this monitoring point. In these forest sections, the "alternating rows and connecting plants" method is adopted. 100 rubber trees are selected in each forest section and numbered as The survey object of phenology and disease. No control operation against powdery mildew shall be carried out in the forest section determined as the observation point during the powdery mildew epidemic. 4.2.3 Conditions that the farm monitoring point should be equipped with
Each farm monitoring point should be equipped with one plant protection officer and one trained technician. The farm where the farm monitoring point is located should be equipped with corresponding equipment for the farm monitoring point, including spore traps, biological microscopes and computers. And connect to the Internet as much as possible, so as to understand the monitoring information released by the central monitoring station and release the monitoring information of the farm through the computer network.
4.2.4 Tasks of the farm monitoring point
4.2.4.1. Collect disease and phenological data
From the time when 5% of the rubber plants sprout to 20 days after 95% of the new leaves of the plants age, every 3 days, conduct a systematic survey of the observation points of this monitoring point, record and collect disease and phenological data. Systematically accumulate disease, phenological and meteorological data, and properly preserve and update and improve the monitoring mode of this farm year by year to improve the accuracy of monitoring. 4.2.4.2. Collect meteorological data
Farm monitoring points with meteorological observation stations nearby can use the meteorological data of the meteorological observation stations. Otherwise, farm monitoring points should collect and accumulate meteorological data of the farm on their own. 4.2.4.3. Arrange and compile relevant data wwW.bzxz.Net
Arrange and statistically analyze the data to form a dynamic disease report for the entire farm: report to the technical department of the farm (production department) and the local central monitoring station.
4.2.4.4 Form a forecast report for each production team of the farm. Based on the forecast model, the disease and phenological data reported by the production team observation point and the meteorological data of the farm, form a forecast report and report it to the technical department of the farm.
4.2.4.5 Study the forecast technology
Update and improve the forecast model of the farm every year to improve the accuracy of the forecast. 4.2.4.6 Properly preserve relevant data
Systematically accumulate disease, phenological and meteorological data, and preserve NY/T1089—2006
4.3 Production team observation points
In each production team of each farm, select 2 forest sections that can represent the microenvironment and strain type of the production team as fixed observation points. And according to the method of establishing observation points at the central forecast station, select 100 trees in each forest section as the objects of phenological and disease investigation. The forest section used as a fixed observation point can be managed according to normal plant protection and cultivation operations. Each production team observation point needs to be equipped with a technician who has received plant protection training. His responsibilities mainly include: from the time when 5% of the rubber plants sprout leaves to the time when 95% of the new leaves of the plants age, every 3 days, systematically observe this observation point, record the disease and phenological data of this observation point, and report to the monitoring and reporting point of this farm.
5 Collection and statistics of monitoring and reporting data
5.1 Classification and investigation and statistics of fallen leaves and leafing 5.1.1 Classification standard of fallen leaves
The fallen leaves of rubber trees are classified according to Table A, 1. 5.1.2 Investigation of fallen leaves
The central monitoring and reporting station starts from the leafing of rubber trees overwintering, and the farm monitoring and reporting points and production team observation points start from the time when 5% of the plants sprout. Every 3 days, observe the leaf falling level and leafing level of each numbered rubber tree, until the number of plants with old new leaves reaches 95% that year. The results of each observation are filled in Table B.1.
5.1.3 Statistics of leaf fall
The leaf fall of rubber trees is comprehensively measured by the leaf fall index, which is calculated in units of plants according to formula (1). LF(%)-Z[(ENXLR)×100
Wherein:
Leaf fall index;
The number of plants corresponding to each leaf fall level;
Leaf fall level, whose value is equal to the leaf fall level value in Table A.1. When the leaf fall state is 0, the leaf fall level value is 0. When the leaf fall state is LR
1, the leaf fall level value is 1, when the leaf fall state is 2, the leaf fall level value is 2, and so on; TN——Total number of plants surveyed.
5.1.4. Classification of leaf withdrawal
The leaf withdrawal amount of rubber trees is classified according to Table A.2. 5.1.5 Statistics of leafing amount
Leafing amount of rubber tree is measured by leafing rate, which is calculated by plant according to formula (2). ZSPR
SP(%)=
Where:
SP—leafing rate;
SPR, the number of plants with different leafing levels, the subscript value is 1 to 4; TV—the total number of plants surveyed.
5.1.6 Classification standard of deciduous types
Deciduous types are divided according to the deciduous index when the leafing rate is about 5%. The classification standard is shown in Table A.3. 5.2 Survey and statistics of overwintering fungi
When the whole rubber tree sprouts about 5%, it is carried out at the same time as the phenological observation work, and only one survey is conducted. The survey content includes: the condition of overwintering old leaves, the number of winter shoots and their condition. The survey results are filled in the corresponding columns of Table A.4. 5.2.1 Investigation and statistics of the disease of overwintering old leaves 4
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Randomly select 20 trees from the numbered plants in the observation forest section, randomly select two green old leaves from each tree, and randomly select 5 middle leaflets from each leaf, for a total of 200 leaves.
The disease of overwintering old leaves is measured by the incidence rate, which is calculated according to formula (3). OLDS(%)-
Where:
OLDS——Incidence rate of overwintering old leaves:
DLN—Number of diseased leaves;
TLN—Total number of leaves surveyed.
5.2.2 Investigation and statistics of the disease of winter tender shoots DLN
The selection method of rubber trees for investigation is the same as that in 4.2.1. The number of leaves sampled depends on the number of tender shoots at the time. Generally, 1 to 2 tender shoots are sampled from each plant, and 5 to 10 leaves are sampled from each shoot, for a total of 100 to 200 leaves. The disease is measured by the incidence rate, which is calculated according to formula (4). OTD (%) =
Where:
Incidence rate of winter tender shoots;
Number of diseased leaves;
TLN——Total number of leaves surveyed.
5.2.3 Survey method for the total number of winter tender shoots DLN
Randomly select 100 trees (including normal trees and broken trees) in the observed forest section and count the total number of winter tender shoots in these 100 trees. 5.2.4 Statistics on the number of overwintering fungi
The number of overwintering fungi of rubber tree powdery mildew is measured by the number of overwintering leaves and its incidence rate when the whole rubber tree sprouts 5%, which is calculated according to formula (5).
OPN=OLNXOLDS(%)+OSNXOTDS（%) Wherein:
Amount of overwintering bacteria:
OLN is the stock of overwintering old leaves, whose value is the defoliation index from 100% to 5% sprouting [the LFI value in formula (1)]; OLDS is the incidence rate of overwintering old leaves [the OLDS value in formula (3)]; — the total number of overwintering young shoots of 100 rubber trees; OSN
is the incidence rate of overwintering young shoots [the OTDS value in formula (4) 5.3 Investigation, grading standards and statistics of disease 5.3.1 Investigation, grading standards and statistics of leaf disease (5)||tt ||At the central monitoring station and farm monitoring points, 20 leaves were randomly cut from the numbered plants in the observation forest section from the time when 5% of the rubber trees sprouted to 20 days after the new leaves of 95% of the plants aged. At the production team observation point, 20 leaves were randomly cut from the numbered plants in the observation forest section from the time when 5% of the rubber plants sprouted to the time when the new leaves of 95% of the plants aged. 5 central leaflets were randomly picked from each leaf, for a total of 100 leaves. The severity of the disease was graded according to the standards in Table A.5.
The disease index was calculated according to formula (6), and the incidence rate was calculated according to formula (7). The survey and statistical results are filled in Table B.2.
Where:
DID-E[(DDLN XD]
TSLNX5
Disease index calculated in leaves: X100
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Number of leaves at each disease level, subscript 1 represents the disease level, and the value is an integer from 0 to 5: DDLN
Disease level in Table A.5, that is, the I value of leaves at disease level 0 is 0, the I value of leaves at disease level 1 is 1, and the I value of leaves at disease level 2 is 2. And so on:
Where:
Total number of leaves surveyed.
DI(%)=100-DDLN.
In terms of leaves The incidence rate is calculated as: the number of leaves with disease level 0 in DDLN.
5.3.2 Investigation, grading standards and statistics of the disease of the whole plant (7)
20 days after the new leaves of 95% of the rubber trees have aged, the powdery mildew disease of all numbered plants in the forest section is observed and recorded by visual inspection. The disease of the whole plant is divided into 6 levels according to the ratio of diseased leaves to the total number of leaves of the whole plant. The grading standards are shown in Table A, 6. According to the severity of the disease of the rubber plants sampled, the whole plant disease grading standards are used to grade and count the number of plants at each level, and then the disease index is calculated according to formula (8).
TTDI -[(DDINX 100.
TSTNX5
TTDI--Disease index calculated in plant units: the number of plants at each disease level, the subscript represents the disease level, and the i value is an integer from 0 to 5; DDTN
Disease level in Table A.6, that is, the I value of plants at disease level 0 is 0, the I value of plants at disease level 1 is 1, the I value of plants at disease level 2 is 2, and so on.
The survey and statistical results are filled in Table B.3.
5.4 Statistics of total incidence rate
The total incidence rate of powdery mildew of rubber trees is calculated according to formula (9). TDII(%)=DIXSPX100
Wherein:
TDII total incidence rate;
Incidence rate calculated in leaf units [DI value in formula (7)];DI
SP-leaf withdrawal rate [SP value in formula (2)]. 5.5 Capture and number statistics of aerial spores
(9)
Install the B-II spore catcher in the middle of the observed forest section or at the edge of the forest section, and the height should be in the middle of the crown of the rubber trees in the forest section. From the time when the rubber tree budding rate reaches 50% to the time of the first rubber tree powdery mildew prevention and treatment operation, place the glass slide coated with the clay cup in the spore trap at 14:00 and 16:00 every day, start the spore trap, rotate for 10 minutes, and then take out the glass slide. According to the spore morphology of rubber tree powdery mildew, observe and record the number of spores in each field of view under a biological microscope with low power field of view, and convert it into the number of spores per slide. Take the average value of the observation results twice a day. If there is abnormal weather such as strong wind and rain, spore collection should be advanced or postponed for 1 to 2 hours. 5.6 Collection and statistics of meteorological data
The central monitoring station and farm monitoring points should systematically collect meteorological data during the epidemic period of local rubber tree powdery mildew. The collected meteorological data include daily average temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc. If there is a meteorological observation station near the location, the meteorological data of the meteorological observation station can be used. If the environment and rubber tree strains of the farm monitoring point are similar to those of the central monitoring station, the meteorological data of the central monitoring station can be used. Otherwise, observations and records should be made according to the standard methods and measurements of the meteorological department. 6 Division of epidemic intensity
According to the condition of the whole rubber tree, the epidemic intensity of powdery mildew on rubber trees is divided into 4 levels according to the standards of Table A.7. 6
7 Classification of epidemic areas
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Based on the occurrence and epidemic intensity of powdery mildew on rubber trees over the years, my country's rubber planting areas are divided into three powdery mildew epidemic areas listed in Table A.8.
8 Monitoring and reporting methods
The monitoring and reporting of powdery mildew on rubber trees can be divided into two methods: medium-term and short-term monitoring and reporting. 8.1 Mid-term forecast
Before or during the occurrence of powdery mildew, the epidemic intensity of powdery mildew can be predicted based on the leaf fall, budding, overwintering fungus quantity of rubber trees, the climate conditions at the time and the weather forecast from February to April (the period of young leafing). Mid-term forecast information is released by the central forecast station to the area represented by the station and by the farm forecast point to each production team of the farm. 8.1.1 Mid-term forecast using quantitative methods Using the accumulated overwintering fungus quantity, phenological and meteorological data of previous years as independent variables and the final disease condition as the dependent variable, a mathematical model for the forecast of powdery mildew of rubber trees can be established by adopting the multivariate regression analysis method or the method of fitting the logistic growth curve [Formula (10)]. t,(1-t)=Toter/(1-n)
Where:
Number of days from the reporting day to the target date:
The condition of the disease after t days;
The condition of the reporting day, which can be the disease index or incidence rate o
e—natural logarithm base:
The daily increase of powdery mildew disease.
The powdery mildew of rubber trees in Hainan and Guangdong reclamation areas can be measured by referring to the mathematical model in Table 1. Table 1 Mathematical model for the epidemic prediction of powdery mildew of rubber trees in Hainan and Guangdong reclamation areas. Location:
Eastern Hainan
Southern Hainan
Western Hainan
Central Hainan
Central Gangjiang area of Guangdong
In the formula of Table 1:
Y=87.6-0.43X,-0.75X
Mathematical model
Y=114.3-0.79X,-0.325X.+0.024XY=27.6-0.33X4+1.15 Xz
Y=65.8-0.5X,+0.26X2
Y=71.2-0.72X,+4.72X2-0.88X,+2.2Xi9The final disease index of powdery mildew of rubber trees in that year:The amount of fallen leaves of rubber trees during winter:
The amount of overwintering fungi;
(10)
X3—5% budding period, January 20 is taken as 0 in the eastern part of Hainan, and January 15 is taken as 0 in the central part. Calculate backwards, and add 1 for each day of delay:X41The rainfall in December and January;
The average temperature in December;
The average temperature in mid-February:
The amount of leaves left in the overwintering period of rubber trees.
If there is spore capture equipment, it can be measured and reported according to formula (11). Y=67.5-0.46X
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Wherein:
Y is the final disease index;
X is the average number of spores per slide. 8.1.2. Using qualitative methods to conduct mid-term monitoring and forecasting in Hainan and Guangdong reclamation areas, we can make a judgment on whether powdery mildew of rubber trees is prevalent in that year based on the situation in Table 2. Table 2 Judgment table of the epidemic situation of powdery mildew of rubber trees in Hainan and Guangdong reclamation areas No.
Epidemic factors
From mid-to-late January to mid-February, the average temperature is above 17°C, the budding rate of rubber trees is about 5%, the amount of overwintering leaves is below 70%, and the rubber trees sprout before mid-February, and the sprouting is uneven
In areas prone to disease, the amount of overwintering fungi is large, and the disease begins to appear early. Meteorological forecast: From late February to mid-March, the average temperature is 18℃~21℃, or there is a cold air influence of more than 12 days during the same period, the average temperature is 12℃~20℃, and the extreme low temperature is above 8℃ (western, eastern, northern Hainan Province and western Guangdong)
In western, central, northern Hainan Province and Zhanjiang area of Guangdong Province, in addition to referring to the above indicators, if the forecast for February From the end of the month to the beginning of April, there will be more than 18 days of cold air weather (temperature index is the same as that of serial number 48.1.3 Revision of mid-term forecast
Judgment result (forecast information)
The possibility of rubber tree powdery mildew epidemic
is high
Regardless of whether 1.2 and 3 indicators appear,
The possibility of rubber tree powdery mildew epidemic
is high
|Each central forecast station and farm forecast point should revise the original mid-term forecast method based on the data accumulated over the years on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment, and use the newly added data of the year to make it continuously improved and closer to the actual local situation.
8.2 Short-term forecast
The short-term monitoring and reporting of powdery mildew on rubber trees is to predict the development trend of powdery mildew in the community according to the occurrence and development of the disease and the leafing of rubber trees at the beginning of the rubber tree leafing, and decide whether prevention and control are needed and the time of prevention and control, so as to guide the forecast of recent prevention and control work. The plant protection officer in charge of the production team observation point should promptly report the survey results to the farm monitoring and reporting point. The farm monitoring and reporting point will make a judgment on whether to take comprehensive spraying and when to take spraying actions in which forest section according to the phenological and disease information reported by the production team observation point, combined with the data obtained by this monitoring and reporting point, and the relevant judgment criteria. After obtaining the consent of the superior technical department of the farm, the forecast information will be issued to each production team in the farm.
8.2.1 Short-term monitoring and reporting method
8.2.1.1 Total incidence method| |tt||From the time when 5% of the rubber plants have leafed out to the time when 95% of the new leaves of the plants have aged, the observation forest section is systematically observed every 3 days, and the disease and phenological data are recorded. When the total leaf disease rate (see 5.4) of the observation forest section of the production team reaches about 2%, the plant protection officer in charge of the observation point of the production team will divide all the rubber forest sections of the team into several types according to the phenological process and microenvironment similarity of the rubber forest sections of the team, and then select 1 to 2 representative forest sections from each type, and organize relevant personnel to conduct a phenological and disease survey on these representative forest sections.
Survey method: First, take the plant as the unit, randomly survey 100 trees in each forest section, and observe the phenology of the crown of each plant by visual inspection, and take the majority of leafing levels (see Table B.1) is the phenology of the plant. For example, if a rubber tree has the most bronze leaves, then the phenology of the tree is bronze, and so on. The observation and recording results are statistically obtained to obtain the proportion of each phenology and leaf extraction rate of the forest section (see formula (2)]. Then, according to the phenological ratio, 20 trees are selected in this forest section, 2 leaves are randomly cut from each tree, and 5 middle leaflets are randomly picked from each leaf, for a total of 200 leaves. Regardless of leaf age or disease level, the number of leaves with powdery mildew spots in these 200 leaves is counted, and the incidence rate (the number of leaves with powdery mildew spots divided by 2) and the total incidence rate are calculated [see formula (9)]. The judgment criteria of the total incidence rate method are shown in Table 3.
Total morbidity rate (%)
≤3 (seedlings) or ≤5
(bud-grafted trees)
3 (seedlings and bud-grafted trees
Table 3 Judgment criteria for the total morbidity rate method
Judgment conditions
Leaf-pulling rate (%)
20—50
Other conditions
Normal weather
Normal weather
Normal weather
Normal weather; 8 days after the first or second
full spraying: leaves| |tt||Aging plants ≤ 50%
Leaf aging plants ≥ 60%
The mid-term monitoring results show that the epidemic is extremely severe
Year
The control agent is triadimefon
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Judgment results (monitoring information)
Spray the entire area within 4 days
Spray the entire area within 3 days
Spray the entire area within 5 days
No need to spray the entire area, but spray the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section locally within 3 days
In 4 Spray again within 4 days
Spray plants with late phenological progress in the forest section locally within 4 days
Spray 1 day earlier based on the judgment results of judgment numbers 1 to 3
Spray 1~2 days earlier based on the judgment results of judgment numbers 1 to 4
"Refers to no abnormal weather such as low temperature, cloudy weather or cold air; except for judgment number 6, sulfur powder is used as the control agent. 8.2.1.2 Young leaf disease rate method
The investigation time and method are the same as the total incidence method. However, when collecting leaves to investigate the disease, only bronze leaves and For light green leaves, do not collect aged leaves, and only calculate the incidence of bronze leaves and light green leaves (tender leaf incidence). According to the tender leaf incidence, make a forecast according to the judgment criteria in Table 4. Table 4 Judgment criteria for tender leaf disease rate method
Leaf withdrawal rate ≤ 30%
Leaf withdrawal rate 30%~50%
Judgment conditions
Leaf withdrawal rate 50 to leaf aging 40%
Leaf aging 40%~70%
Leaf aging ≥70%
Tender leaf incidence (%)
Judgment results (forecast information)||t t||No need to spray the whole forest, but spray the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section locally within 2 days
Spray the whole forest within 2 days
No need to spray the whole forest, but spray the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section locally within 2 days
Survey again 8 days after the last spraying. According to the survey results, judge again in sequence 1-5 until 90% of the new leaves of the oak tree are aged. 8.2.1.3 Spore capture method
The collection methods of spore data and phenological data are shown in 5.6 and 8.2.1.1 respectively. According to the number of spores collected and observed, the forecast is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 5.
Table 5 Judgment criteria for spore capture method
Judgment conditions
When the number of spores on each glass slide reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the oak forest section
The bronze-leaved plants account for the majority
Other conditions
Judgment results (forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 3d~5d
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Judgment conditions
On each glass slide When the number of spores reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the rubber forest section
is that the majority of plants have green leaves
Leaf aging rate ≥ 70%
Leaf aging rate ≥ 70%
Leaf aging rate ≥ 70%
8.2.1.4 Disease onset method
Table 5 (continued)
Other conditions
7d~9d after the first spraying
7d~9d after the first spraying: Weather forecast for the next 3d
Daily average temperature ≤ 24℃
7d-9d after the first spraying: The average daily temperature in the weather forecast for the next 3d is ≥24C
Judgment result (forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 5d~7d
Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
No comprehensive spraying is required, but local spraying is carried out on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2d
No spraying action is required
Starting from the emergence of 5% rubber plants, every 3d, systematic observation is carried out on the observed forest section, and the disease and phenological data are recorded. If the disease first appears before the 70% leaf emergence rate, the disease will be severe or moderately prevalent. And according to the disease rising speed, the first comprehensive spraying is carried out 9d~13d after the first appearance of the disease. 8.2.1.5 Disease index method
When the phenology of the observation forest section at the observation point of the production team reaches a new leaf rate of 20%, conduct phenological and disease surveys on all forest sections of the team every 3 to 5 days until the first comprehensive spraying action is taken. According to the disease index calculation formula (8) and phenological status obtained from the survey and statistics, the prediction is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 6. Judgment criteria of disease index method in Table 6
Phenological status
The majority of plants have bronze leaves
The majority of plants have light green leaves
Judgment conditions
The majority of plants have aging leaves, but the percentage of aging plants is less than 70%
Disease index
The survey results 7 days after the first comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2. The survey results 1 day after the previous comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2.8.2.1.6 Use quantitative methods to Short-term monitoring and reporting judgment results (monitoring and reporting information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3dNo comprehensive spraying is required. Depending on the weather and disease conditions, local spraying is performed on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section. Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d-3d. Spray comprehensively again within 2d~3d
Each farm monitoring and reporting point can, based on the data on rubber tree phenology, disease conditions and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, use phenological state meteorological data and disease base as independent variables, and use the number of days between the forecast day and the day of taking preventive and control actions as the dependent variable to establish an empirical prediction model suitable for local conditions for monitoring and reporting. 8.2.2 Selection of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Each farm monitoring and reporting point should choose a suitable one from the above short-term monitoring and reporting methods based on the actual conditions of the local microenvironment, manpower, equipment conditions, etc.
8.2.3 Revision of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Based on the data on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, each farm monitoring and reporting point should use the newly added data of the year to revise the original short-term monitoring and reporting methods, so as to continuously improve them and make them more in line with local actual conditions.2. Young leaf disease rate method
The survey time and method are the same as the total morbidity method. However, when collecting leaves to investigate the disease, only bronze leaves and light green leaves are collected, not aged leaves, and only the morbidity of bronze leaves and light green leaves (young leaf morbidity) is calculated. According to the morbidity of young leaves, the forecast is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 4. Table 4 Judgment criteria for the young leaf disease rate method
Leaf withdrawal rate ≤30%
Leaf withdrawal rate 30%~50%
Judgment conditions
Leaf withdrawal rate 50 to leaf aging 40%
Leaf aging 40%~70%
Leaf aging ≥70%
Young leaf disease incidence rate (%)
Judgment results (monitoring information)
No need to spray the whole forest, but carry out local spraying on the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2 days
Carry out full spraying within 2 days
No need to spray the whole forest, but carry out local spraying on the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2 days
Survey again 8 days after the previous spraying. According to the survey results, continue to judge the sequence number 1-5 again until 90% of the new leaves of the oak tree are aged. 8.2.1.3 Spore Capture Method
The collection methods of spore data and phenological data are shown in 5.6 and 8.2.1.1 respectively. According to the number of collected and observed spores, make a forecast according to the judgment criteria in Table 5.
Table 5 Judgment criteria for spore extraction method
Judgment conditions
When the number of spores on each glass slide reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the rubber forest section
The plants with bronze leaves account for the majority
Other conditions
Judgment results (forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 3d~5d
NY/T10892006
Judgment conditions
When the number of spores on each glass slide reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the rubber forest section
The plants with green leaves account for the majority
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
8.2.1.4 Disease first appearance method|| tt||Table 5 (continued)
Other conditions
7d~9d after the first spraying
7d~9d after the first spraying: the average daily temperature in the weather forecast for the next 3d
≤24℃
7d-9d after the first spraying: the average daily temperature in the weather forecast for the next 3d
≥24C
Judgment result (measurement and forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 5d~7d
Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
No comprehensive spraying is required, but local spraying is carried out on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2d
No spraying action is taken
Starting from the sprouting of 5% of the rubber plants, the observation forest section is systematically observed every 3 days, and the disease and phenological data are recorded. If the disease first appears before the leafing rate reaches 70%, the disease will be severe or moderately prevalent. And according to the disease rising speed, the first comprehensive spraying will be carried out 9 to 13 days after the disease first appears. 8.2.1.5 Disease Index Method
When the phenology of the observation forest section at the observation point of the production team reaches a new leafing rate of 20%, the phenology and disease survey of all forest sections of the team will be carried out every 3 to 5 days until the first comprehensive spraying action is taken. According to the disease index calculation formula (8) and phenological status obtained through investigation and statistics, the prediction is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 6. Judgment criteria for disease index method
Phenological status
The majority of plants have bronze leaves
The majority of plants have light green leaves
Judgment conditions
The majority of plants have aging leaves, but the percentage of aging plants is less than 70%
Disease index
The survey results 7 days after the first comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1-2. The survey results 3 days after the previous comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1-2. 8.2.1.6 Use quantitative methods to Short-term monitoring and reporting judgment results (monitoring and reporting information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3dNo comprehensive spraying is required. Depending on the weather and disease conditions, local spraying is performed on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section. Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d-3d. Spray comprehensively again within 2d~3d
Each farm monitoring and reporting point can, based on the data on rubber tree phenology, disease conditions and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, use phenological state meteorological data and disease base as independent variables, and use the number of days between the forecast day and the day of taking preventive and control actions as the dependent variable to establish an empirical prediction model suitable for local conditions for monitoring and reporting. 8.2.2 Selection of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Each farm monitoring and reporting point should choose a suitable one from the above short-term monitoring and reporting methods based on the actual conditions of the local microenvironment, manpower, equipment conditions, etc.
8.2.3 Revision of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Based on the data on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, each farm monitoring and reporting point should use the newly added data of the year to revise the original short-term monitoring and reporting methods, so as to continuously improve them and make them more in line with local actual conditions.2. Young leaf disease rate method
The survey time and method are the same as the total morbidity method. However, when collecting leaves to investigate the disease, only bronze leaves and light green leaves are collected, not aged leaves, and only the morbidity of bronze leaves and light green leaves (young leaf morbidity) is calculated. According to the morbidity of young leaves, the forecast is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 4. Table 4 Judgment criteria for the young leaf disease rate method
Leaf withdrawal rate ≤30%
Leaf withdrawal rate 30%~50%
Judgment conditions
Leaf withdrawal rate 50 to leaf aging 40%
Leaf aging 40%~70%
Leaf aging ≥70%
Young leaf disease incidence rate (%)
Judgment results (monitoring information)
No need to spray the whole forest, but carry out local spraying on the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2 days
Carry out full spraying within 2 days
No need to spray the whole forest, but carry out local spraying on the plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2 days
Survey again 8 days after the previous spraying. According to the survey results, continue to judge the sequence number 1-5 again until 90% of the new leaves of the oak tree are aged. 8.2.1.3 Spore Capture Method
The collection methods of spore data and phenological data are shown in 5.6 and 8.2.1.1 respectively. According to the number of collected and observed spores, make a forecast according to the judgment criteria in Table 5.
Table 5 Judgment criteria for spore extraction method
Judgment conditions
When the number of spores on each glass slide reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the rubber forest section
The plants with bronze leaves account for the majority
Other conditions
Judgment results (forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 3d~5d
NY/T10892006
Judgment conditions
When the number of spores on each glass slide reaches 8
or more, the phenology of the rubber forest section
The plants with green leaves account for the majority
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
Leaf aging rate ≥70%
8.2.1.4 Disease first appearance method|| tt||Table 5 (continued)
Other conditions
7d~9d after the first spraying
7d~9d after the first spraying: the average daily temperature in the weather forecast for the next 3d
≤24℃
7d-9d after the first spraying: the average daily temperature in the weather forecast for the next 3d
≥24C
Judgment result (measurement and forecast information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying after 5d~7d
Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
No comprehensive spraying is required, but local spraying is carried out on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section within 2d
No spraying action is taken
Starting from the sprouting of 5% of the rubber plants, the observation forest section is systematically observed every 3 days, and the disease and phenological data are recorded. If the disease first appears before the leafing rate reaches 70%, the disease will be severe or moderately prevalent. And according to the disease rising speed, the first comprehensive spraying will be carried out 9 to 13 days after the disease first appears. 8.2.1.5 Disease Index Method
When the phenology of the observation forest section at the observation point of the production team reaches a new leafing rate of 20%, the phenology and disease survey of all forest sections of the team will be carried out every 3 to 5 days until the first comprehensive spraying action is taken. According to the disease index calculation formula (8) and phenological status obtained through investigation and statistics, the prediction is made according to the judgment criteria in Table 6. Judgment criteria for disease index method
Phenological status
The majority of plants have bronze leaves
The majority of plants have light green leaves
Judgment conditions
The majority of plants have aging leaves, but the percentage of aging plants is less than 70%
Disease index
The survey results 7 days after the first comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1-2. The survey results 3 days after the previous comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1-2. 8.2.1.6 Use quantitative methods to Short-term monitoring and reporting judgment results (monitoring and reporting information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3dNo comprehensive spraying is required. Depending on the weather and disease conditions, local spraying is performed on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section. Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d-3d. Spray comprehensively again within 2d~3d
Each farm monitoring and reporting point can, based on the data on rubber tree phenology, disease conditions and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, use phenological state meteorological data and disease base as independent variables, and use the number of days between the forecast day and the day of taking preventive and control actions as the dependent variable to establish an empirical prediction model suitable for local conditions for monitoring and reporting. 8.2.2 Selection of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Each farm monitoring and reporting point should choose a suitable one from the above short-term monitoring and reporting methods based on the actual conditions of the local microenvironment, manpower, equipment conditions, etc.
8.2.3 Revision of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Based on the data on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, each farm monitoring and reporting point should use the newly added data of the year to revise the original short-term monitoring and reporting methods, so as to continuously improve them and make them more in line with local actual conditions.5 Disease index method
When the phenology of the observation forest section at the observation point of the production team reaches a new leaf rate of 20%, the phenology and disease survey of all forest sections of the team is carried out every 3 days to 5 days until the first comprehensive spraying action is taken. According to the disease index calculation formula (8) and phenological status obtained from the investigation and statistics, the prediction is carried out according to the judgment criteria in Table 6. Judgment criteria of disease index method
Phenological status
The majority of plants have bronze leaves
The majority of plants have light green leaves
Judgment conditions
The majority of plants have aging leaves, but the percentage of aging plants is less than 70%
Disease index
The survey results 7 days after the first comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2. The survey results 1 day after the previous comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2. 8.2.1.6 Use quantitative methods to Short-term monitoring and reporting judgment results (monitoring and reporting information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3dNo comprehensive spraying is required. Depending on the weather and disease conditions, local spraying is performed on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section. Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d-3d. Spray comprehensively again within 2d~3d
Each farm monitoring and reporting point can, based on the data on rubber tree phenology, disease conditions and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, use phenological state meteorological data and disease base as independent variables, and use the number of days between the forecast day and the day of taking preventive and control actions as the dependent variable to establish an empirical prediction model suitable for local conditions for monitoring and reporting. 8.2.2 Selection of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Each farm monitoring and reporting point should choose a suitable one from the above short-term monitoring and reporting methods based on the actual conditions of the local microenvironment, manpower, equipment conditions, etc.
8.2.3 Revision of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Based on the data on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, each farm monitoring and reporting point should use the newly added data of the year to revise the original short-term monitoring and reporting methods, so as to continuously improve them and make them more in line with local actual conditions.5 Disease index method
When the phenology of the observation forest section at the observation point of the production team reaches a new leaf rate of 20%, the phenology and disease survey of all forest sections of the team is carried out every 3 days to 5 days until the first comprehensive spraying action is taken. According to the disease index calculation formula (8) and phenological status obtained from the investigation and statistics, the prediction is carried out according to the judgment criteria in Table 6. Judgment criteria of disease index method
Phenological status
The majority of plants have bronze leaves
The majority of plants have light green leaves
Judgment conditions
The majority of plants have aging leaves, but the percentage of aging plants is less than 70%
Disease index
The survey results 7 days after the first comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2. The survey results 1 day after the previous comprehensive spraying still meet the spraying conditions for judgment numbers 1 to 2. 8.2.1.6 Use quantitative methods to Short-term monitoring and reporting judgment results (monitoring and reporting information)
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3d
Carry out the first comprehensive spraying within 2d~3dNo comprehensive spraying is required. Depending on the weather and disease conditions, local spraying is performed on plants with late phenological progress in the forest section. Carry out the second comprehensive spraying within 2d-3d. Spray comprehensively again within 2d~3d
Each farm monitoring and reporting point can, based on the data on rubber tree phenology, disease conditions and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, use phenological state meteorological data and disease base as independent variables, and use the number of days between the forecast day and the day of taking preventive and control actions as the dependent variable to establish an empirical prediction model suitable for local conditions for monitoring and reporting. 8.2.2 Selection of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Each farm monitoring and reporting point should choose a suitable one from the above short-term monitoring and reporting methods based on the actual conditions of the local microenvironment, manpower, equipment conditions, etc.
8.2.3 Revision of short-term monitoring and reporting methods
Based on the data on rubber tree phenology, final disease index and local microclimate environment accumulated over the years, each farm monitoring and reporting point should use the newly added data of the year to revise the original short-term monitoring and reporting methods, so as to continuously improve them and make them more in line with local actual conditions.
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