Some standard content:
ICS 01.040.03;03.120.20
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T27000—2006/ISO/IEC17000:2004 Conformity assessment-Vocabulary and general principles
Conformity assessment-Vocabulary and general principles principles (ISO/IEC17000:2004, IDT)
Published on September 4, 2006
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Device anti-counterfeiting
Implementation on December 1, 2006
GB/T27000—2006/ISO/IEC17000:2004Foreword
ISO/IECForeword
General terms related to conformity assessment
3 Basic terms
Terms of conformity assessment related to selection and determination (see Figure A.1)Terms of conformity assessment related to review and certification (see Figure A.1)5||tt ||Terms of conformity assessment related to supervision (see Figure A.1)Terms related to conformity assessment and trade facilitation Appendix A (informative) Principles of conformity assessment A.1 Functional approach
A.2 Selection...
A.3 Determination
A.4 Verification and certification
A.5 Need for supervision
Appendix B (informative) Related terms defined in other standards References
Chinese phonetic index
English corresponding word index
This standard is equivalent to ISO/IEC17000:2004 "Conformity assessment GB/T27000--2006/IS0/IEC17000:2004 Vocabulary and general principles" (English version). ISO/IEC17000:2004 cancels and replaces Chapters 12 to 17 of ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 "General vocabulary for standardization and related activities". GB/T20000.1-2002 "Guidelines for Standardization Part 1: Common Vocabulary for Standardization and Related Activities" 2.12 to 2.17 are basically equivalent to Chapter 12 to Chapter 17 of ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 (English version). Therefore, it is recommended that GB/T20000.1-2002 be revised after the implementation of this standard. For ease of use, this standard has made the following editorial changes to ISO/IEC17000:2004: 1) The term "this international standard" is changed to "this standard"; 2) The introduction of ISO/IEC17000:2004 is revised; the relevant terms in Appendix B are in alphabetical order in ISO/IEC17000:2004, and in this standard they are in the order of their appearance in the relevant standards.
Appendices A and B of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Certification and Accreditation of Standardization (SAC/TC261). The drafting units of this standard are: Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China, China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhao Zongbo, Xu Zengde, Feng Zhenghu, Shen Jun, Niu Dongbo, Li Wei, Yang Ming, Fei Yang, Liang Xiaowen, Yuan Songhong, Li Hong. 1) The technical differences between 2.12~2.17 of GB/T20000.1-2002 and Chapters 12~17 of ISO/1EC Guide 2:1996 are only: a note is added under the title of 2.12 "Conformity Assessment" to explain that in my country, the term "conformity assessment" has another permitted term "conformity assessment" and the use of these two terms.
GB/T27000-2006/IS0/IEC17000:2004ISO/IEC Foreword
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have established a professional system for global standardization. National member bodies of ISO or IEC participate in the preparation of International Standards through technical committees established by ISO or IEC for specific fields or technical activities. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of common interest. Other international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC also participate in the work. In the field of conformity assessment, the ISO Committee on Conformity Assessment (CASCO) is responsible for the preparation of International Standards and Guides.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules of Part 2 of the ISO/IEC Directives. Draft International Standards are circulated to the member bodies for voting after being approved by the technical committees. Published as an International Standard, a draft International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies voting. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the contents of this International Standard may involve patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 17000 was prepared by the ISO Committee on Conformity Assessment (CASCO). This International Standard was circulated to the national bodies of ISO and IEC for voting and approved by both international organizations. The first edition of this International Standard cancels and replaces Chapters 12 to 17 of ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996. Chapters 1 to 11 of ISO/IEC Guide 2 are not the responsibility of ISO/CASCO and are not affected by this International Standard. n
0.1 Terms and definitions applicable to conformity assessment Introduction
GB/T 27000--2006/IS0/IEC 17000:2004 Prior to the development of this International Standard, GB/T 20000.1-2002 contained the core vocabulary for conformity assessment activities, which was developed from an initial small number of terms and definitions. These terms and definitions were compiled to facilitate understanding and communication of product certification based on traditional manufacturing product standards.
This International Standard separates the conformity assessment terms (2.12 to 2.17) from GB/T 20000.1--2002 to form an independent set of vocabulary that is more suitable for the formulation and revision of the GB/T 27000 series of national standards. More specific concepts can be appropriately defined within the unified framework of this International Standard and expressed using the most appropriate terms. Other terms used to express proprietary concepts for specific conformity assessment activities (such as accreditation, personnel certification, conformity mark, etc.) have been included in the relevant national standards, so this standard does not include these concepts. For the terms used in national standards that existed before this standard and were equivalent to the international standards or guidelines developed by ISO/CASCO, they remain valid within the scope of the standard before they are revised; this standard does not apply retroactively to such standards. Conformity assessment interacts with other fields such as management systems, metrology, standardization and statistics. This standard does not define the boundaries of conformity assessment to maintain its flexibility.
0.2 Terms and definitions applicable to trade policy Some of the terms and definitions in Chapter 7 of this standard are mainly derived from 2.12 to 2.17 of GB/T20000.1-2002, but the concepts they represent are broader than the relevant concepts in GB/T20000.1-2002. The purpose of compiling these terms and definitions is not only to standardize the usage in the conformity assessment community, but also to provide assistance to policy makers who promote trade facilitation within the framework of regulations and international treaties. 0.3 Functional approach to conformity assessment
The terms and definitions specified in this standard, especially those in Chapters 4 and 5, reflect the method of dividing conformity assessment activities by function (referred to as the "functional approach\). In November 2001, ISO/CASCO adopted this approach based on the recommendation of the ISO/CASCO-CEN/CENELECTC1 joint working group. The description of the functional approach in Appendix A helps to better understand the concepts defined in this standard, their classification and their interrelationships. 0.4 Selection of terms and definitions
Some terms in this standard are considered to be concepts that must be defined, while others are considered to be necessary to explain. Many common terms used to distinguish conformity assessment concepts have broader uses or meanings in common language. . Some of them also appear in the vocabularies of other national standards and are given specific meanings in related application fields. This standard provides the Chinese index (sorted by pinyin) and English index (sorted by alphabetical order) of the defined terms. Appendix B also lists the national standards or international standards that define other related terms, and separately lists the Chinese and English versions of these related terms (sorted in the order of their appearance in the relevant standards), first the terms applicable to specific fields of conformity assessment defined by other GB/T27000 series national standards, followed by the International Common Metrology Basic Terms (VIM) or GB/T19000-2000 terms that are generally applicable to the field of conformity assessment. For the two terms "procedure" and "product" that are widely used in other definitions, this standard uses them in 3.2 and 3.The definitions of GB/T19000-2000 are restated in 3.
0.5 Changes in terminology
Please note the significant changes in the terms or definitions of 2.12 to 2.17 from GB/T20000.1-2002 in this standard. GB/T27000--2006/IS0/IEC17000:2004 This standard does not include a definition of "conformity" because it is not necessary. "Conformity" is not a feature of the definition of "conformity assessment". The concept of "conformity assessment" focuses on "meeting specified requirements" rather than the broad concept of "conformity". This standard defines the term "specified requirements" (3.1). In English, the term "compliance" (which can be translated into Chinese as "comply", "comply", etc.) is used to indicate the act of fulfilling requirements (for example, an organization's "compliance" can be to make its products conform to requirements by fulfilling regulatory requirements).
GB/T19000 includes services as a category of products in the definition of "product" (3.3), so it is not accurate to mention "products and services".
Note 2 of 2.1 of this standard refers to the product, process, system, person or organization that undergoes conformity assessment as the "conformity assessment object", where "object" corresponds to the English "object". In the term "standardization object" of GB/T20000.1-2002, "object" corresponds to the English "subject". It may be more appropriate to call the organization that implements the conformity assessment subject. This standard uses the term "certification" (5.2) instead of "conformity assurance" to refer to the activity of providing assurance by issuing a "statement of conformity". The term "accreditation" (5.6) now only refers to the certification related to the conformity assessment body, while the definition of "accreditation" in GB/T20000.1-2002 also includes the personnel certification specified in GB/T27024-2004. In accordance with this change, this standard defines the terms "conformity assessment body" (2.5) and "accreditation body" (2.6) respectively. GB/T27011 defines more specific terms related to accreditation. To avoid ambiguity, this standard only uses the term "body" when referring to a conformity assessment body or an accreditation body. In other cases, the term "organization" with a general meaning as defined in GB/T19000 is used. GB/T20000.1-2002 defines an organization with a more specific meaning (a body composed of members) and is not applicable to the field of conformity assessment. V
1 Scope
GB/T27000—2006/ISO/IEC17000.2004 Conformity assessment
Vocabulary and general principles
This standard specifies general terms and definitions related to conformity assessment (including the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies) and their application in trade facilitation. Appendix A explains the functional approach to conformity assessment. , in order to further facilitate communication and understanding between users of conformity assessment services, conformity assessment bodies and their accreditation bodies in both the voluntary and mandatory fields. There may be many concepts involved in describing specific conformity assessment activities, and the purpose of this standard is not to provide a glossary for all such concepts. Terms and definitions are given only when the concept defined by a term cannot be understood from the general language usage of the term, or when the definition in the existing standard is not applicable. NOTE 1: The notes to some definitions provide clarifications, explanations and examples that help to understand the concepts described. NOTE 2: The terms and definitions are arranged systematically and sequentially, with a Chinese index in phonetic order and an English index in alphabetical order. When terms defined in this standard appear in other definitions or notes, they are printed in bold and followed by the original entry number in brackets. These terms can be replaced by their full names.
2 General terms relating to conformity assessment
Conformity assessmentconformityassessmentConfirmation that specified requirements (3.1) relating to a product (3.3), process, system, person or body are fulfilledNote 1 to entry: The specialized area of conformity assessment includes activities defined elsewhere in this standard, such as testing (4.2), inspection (4.3) and certification (5.5), as well as the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies (2.5 and 5.6).
Note 2: For the purposes of this standard, references to “subject of conformity assessment” or “object” include the specific material, product, installation, process, system, person or body that is to be conformably assessed. The definition of product (see Note 1 to 3.3) includes services. 2.2
First-party conformity assessment activitiesfirst-party conformityassessmentactivityconformity assessment activity performed by a person or organization that provides the subject of the conformity assessment NOTE In this International Standard, the terms "first party", "second party" and "third party" are used to distinguish between conformity assessment activities on a given subject and are not to be confused with the terms "first party", "second party" and "third party" used in law to identify the parties involved in a contract. 2.3
Second-partyconformityassessmentactivityconformity assessment activity performed by a person or organization that has a user interest in the subject of the conformity assessment NOTE 1 Examples of persons or organizations that carry out second-party conformity assessments are: the purchaser or user of the product, a potential customer seeking to place trust in the supplier's management system, or an organization representing such interests.
NOTE 2 See note 2.2.
Third-party conformity assessment activity third-party conformity assessment activity conformity assessment activity carried out by a person or body independent of both the person or organization providing the subject of the conformity assessment and the person or organization having a user interest in the subject Note 1: National standards applicable to the activities of conformity assessment bodies and accreditation bodies (see references) set out criteria for body independence. Note 2: See note to 2.2.
conformity assessment body
conformity assessment body
a body engaged in conformity assessment services
Note: an accreditation body (2.6) is not a conformity assessment body. GB/T 27000—2006/ISO/IEC 17000:2004 2.6
accreditation body
accreditation body
an authority that carries out accreditation (5.6)
Note: the authority of an accreditation body usually derives from the government. 2.7
conformity assessment system rules, procedures (3.2) and management for carrying out conformity assessment (2.1) Note 1 to entry: A conformity assessment system may operate at an international, regional, national or sub-national level. 2.8
conformity assessment scheme; conformity assessment programme conformity assessment system (2.6) associated with a specific conformity assessment subject to which the same specified requirements (3.1), specific rules and procedures (3.2) are applied Note 2 to entry: A conformity assessment scheme may operate at an international, regional, national or sub-national level. 2.9
access
access to a system or scheme access to a system or scheme the opportunity for an applicant to obtain conformity assessment (2.1) in accordance with the rules of a system or scheme 2.10
participant
participant in a system or scheme a body that operates in accordance with applicable rules but does not have the opportunity to participate in the administration of the system or scheme 2.11
membermember
member of a system or scheme
member of a system or scheme
a body that operates in accordance with applicable rules and has the opportunity to participate in the administration of the system or scheme 3 Basic terms
specifiedrequirementan explicit need or expectation
NOTE: A specified requirement may be stated in normative documents such as regulations, standards and technical specifications. 3.2
Procedureprocedure
The prescribed way to carry out an activity or process［GB/T19000-2000,3.4.5]
Productproduct
The result of the process
［GB/T19000—2000,3.4.2]
Note 1: GB/T19000-2000 gives four general product categories: services (such as transportation); software (such as computer programs, dictionaries), hardware (such as engines, mechanical parts); process materials (such as lubricants). Many products are composed of components belonging to different categories. Whether a product should be classified as a service, software, hardware or process material depends on the dominant component. Note 2: The statement of conformity described in Note 1 to 5.2 can be regarded as a product of proof (5.2). 2
4 Conformity assessment terms related to selection and determination (see Figure A.1) 4.1
sampling
the activity of providing samples of the subject of conformity assessment in accordance with a procedure (3.2) 4.2
testing
GB/T 27000—2006/IS0/IEC 17000:2004 the activity of determining one or more characteristics of the subject of conformity assessment in accordance with a procedure (3.2) NOTE The term "testing" applies mainly to materials, products or processes. 4.3
inspection
the activity of examining a design, product (3.3), process or installation and determining its conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgement, its conformity with general requirements. NOTE 1 Inspection of a process may include inspection of personnel, facilities, techniques and methods. NOTE 2 Inspection is sometimes also called testing.
audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining records, statements of fact or other relevant information and evaluating them objectively to determine the extent to which specified requirements (3.1) are fulfilled. NOTE: "Audit" applies to management systems, "review" applies to conformity assessment bodies and is more general. 4.5
peer review
the assessment of a body against specified requirements (3.1) by representatives of other bodies in an agreement group (7.10) or of a candidate body in an agreement group 5 Conformity assessment terms related to review and certification (see Figure A.1) 5.1
review
the determination of the extent to which specified requirements are fulfilled by the subject of the conformity assessment (3.1), verification of the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the selected and determined activities and their results.
NOTE: Review is sometimes also called examination.
Attestation
Statement issued based on a decision made after a review (5.1) to confirm that the specified requirements (3.1) have been met. NOTE 1: The conclusive statement referred to as "statement of conformity" in this standard is an assurance that the specified requirements have been met. This assurance in itself is not sufficient to provide contractual or other legal guarantees.
NOTE: The terms 5.4 to 5.6 distinguish between first-party and third-party attestation activities. There is no specific terminology for second-party attestation. 5.3
Scope of attestation
scope of attestation
scope or characteristics of the object of conformity assessment covered by an attestation (5.2)5.4
declaration
first-party attestation (5.2)
GB/T27000—2006/IS0/1EC17000:20045.5
certification
third-party attestation (5.2) related to products, processes, systems or personnelNote 1: Management system Certification is sometimes also referred to as registration. NOTE 2 Certification applies to all conformity assessment objects other than the conformity assessment body (2.5) itself, while accreditation (5.6) applies to conformity assessment bodies (2.5). 5.6
accreditation
formal third-party evidence (5.2) that a conformity assessment body (2.5) is competent to carry out specific conformity assessment work 6 Conformity assessment terms related to surveillance (see Figure A, 1) 6.1bzxz.net
surveillance
systematic repetition of conformity assessment activities as a basis for the continued validity of a statement of conformity 6.2
suspension
temporary withdrawal of all or part of the scope of certification (5.3) indicated in a statement of conformity 6.3
withdrawal
cancellation of a statement of conformity
appeal
request by the provider of the conformity assessment object to the conformity assessment body (2.5) or accreditation body (2.6) ) request for reconsideration of a decision made on that subject
complaint
Any act, other than an appeal (6.4), by which a person or organization expresses dissatisfaction with the activities of a conformity assessment body (2.5) or an accreditation body (2.6) and expects a response
7 Terms related to conformity assessment and trade facilitation NOTE 7.4 to 7.9 use the generic expression "conformity assessment result" to refer to the product (3.3) (e.g. report or certificate) of any conformity assessment activity. This expression may include findings of nonconformity.
approval
Permission to sell or use a product (3.3) or process for stated purposes or conditions NOTE Approval may be based on the fulfillment of specified requirements (3.1) or the completion of specified procedures (3.2). 7.2
designation
Government authorization for a conformity assessment body (2.5) to carry out specified conformity assessment activities 7.3
designating authority designating authority An agency established within the government or authorized by the government to designate a conformity assessment body (2.5), suspend or revoke its designation or cancel the suspension of a designation (7.2)
equivalence
GB/T 27000—2006/ISO/IEC 17000:2004 equivalence of conformity assessment resultsequivalence of conformity assessment results with respect to the same specified requirement (3.1) different conformity assessment results are sufficient to provide the same level of assurance of conformityrecognition
recognition of conformity assessment resultsrecognition of conformity assessment results
acceptance of the validity of a conformity assessment result provided by another person or bodyacceptance of conformity assessment results provided by another person or bodyunilateral arrangement
unilateral arrangement
arrangement whereby one party recognizes or accepts the conformity assessment results of anotherbilateral arrangement arrangementbilateral agreement
arrangement between two parties recognizing or accepting each other's conformity assessment results7.9
multilateral arrangementmultilateral agreement
arrangement between two or more parties recognizing or accepting each other's conformity assessment results7.10
agreement group
agreement group
the total number of signatories to the agreement on which the arrangement is based7.11
reciprocity
a relationship between two parties having the same rights and obligations Note 1: Reciprocity can exist in a multilateral arrangement consisting of a network of bilateral reciprocal relationships. Note 2: Although the rights and obligations are the same, the resulting opportunities may be different; this may result in an unequal relationship between the two parties. 7.12
equal treatment
In comparable circumstances, products (3.3) or processes from one supplier are treated no less favorably than similar products or processes from any other supplier
national treatment
In comparable circumstances, products (3.3) or processes from other countries are treated no less favorably than similar products or processes from one's own country
equal and national treatmentIn comparable circumstances, products (3.3) or processes from other countries are treated no less favorably than similar products or processes from one's own country or any other country
GB/T27000--2006/ISO/IEC17000:2004A.1 Functional approach
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Principles of conformity assessment
A.1.1 Conformity assessment consists of the following three functions in an orderly manner, which can meet the need when it is necessary to prove that the specified requirements are met:
Selection;
Determination; and
Verification and certification.
When the specified requirements are claimed to be met, this confirmation can make them more credible and increase the confidence of users. The requirements specified in the standard are the product of the consensus of all parties, so they are often used as specified requirements. Therefore, conformity assessment is usually regarded as an activity related to standards.
A, 1.2 Conformity assessment can be applied to products (including services), processes, systems and personnel, and can also be applied to organizations that provide conformity assessment services. For convenience, this standard refers to these entities collectively as "conformity assessment objects". A.1.3 Different types of users of conformity assessment services have their own specific needs. Therefore, different types of conformity assessment have many differences in implementation. However, all types of conformity assessment follow the same basic approach, as shown in Figure A, 1. Need to demonstrate that specified requirements are met
Figure A
Information on drum options
Satisfaction of specified requirements
Confirmed satisfaction of specified requirements
Whether monitoring is required
Figure A.1 Functional approach to conformity assessment
A.1.4 In Figure A.1, figure A represents a function of conformity assessment. The specific activities contained in each function may vary depending on the type of conformity assessment, depending on the needs of the user, the nature of the specified requirements and the conformity assessment object involved. A.1.5 In Figure A.1, figure B represents the output of a function and is also the input to the next function. For different specific activities, 6
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