JB/T 1460-2002 Technical conditions for heat treatment of high carbon chromium stainless steel rolling bearing parts
Some standard content:
ICS 21.100.20
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T1460—2002
Replaces JB/T1460—1992
Technical conditions for heat treatment of rolling bearing parts made from high carbon chromium stainless steel
Specifications for heat-treatment of rolling bearing parts made from high carbon chromium stainless steelPublished on 2002-07-16
Implementation on 2002-12-01
Published by the State Economic and Trade Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaForeword
Normative document,
3 Technical requirements
3.1 Technical requirements for bearing parts after annealing..3.2 Technical requirements for bearing parts after quenching and tempering． 4 Inspection methods.
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ballAppendix B (Informative Appendix) Hardness inspection procedures for small bearing parts..B.1 Test load..
B.2 Thickness of test specimen
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Pickling inspection proceduresC.1 Cold pickling inspection procedures
C.1.1 Pickling process
Pickling operation procedures.
Pickling inspection
C.2 Corrosion resistance inspection procedures
C.2.1 Artificial seawater corrosion resistance inspection.
C.2.2 Dilute nitric acid Aqueous solution corrosion resistance test...·C.3 Inspection procedures for steel grade mixing
C.3.1 Pickling process
C.3.2 Pickling inspection.
C.4 Inspection procedures for rolling element surface defects,bZxz.net
Pickling process
Pickling operation procedure
C..Pickling inspection.
Table Technical requirements for bearing parts after annealing
Table 2 Hardness values of bearing parts after high temperature tempering, +.+++
Table 3 Hardness uniformity of the same parts after quenching and tempering of bearing partsTable 4 Other technical requirements for bearing parts after quenching and tempering, Table 5 Inspection method
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Table B.1. Relationship between load, width and hardness -..........
JB/T1460—2002
中--+-+++++骨+国++e
+....++--+--+
+骨++曲
This standard replaces JB/T14601992. "Technical Conditions for Heat Treatment of High Carbon Chromium Stainless Steel Rolling Bearing Parts" JB/T1460—2002
Compared with JB/T1460-1992, this standard mainly revises the microstructure after quenching and tempering in the original standard (3.2.2.2 of the 1992 edition, 3.2.2.2 of this edition)
Appendix A and Appendix C of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Rolling Bearings (CSBTS/TC98). This standard was drafted by Luoyang Bearing Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Qiaoling, Lei Jianzhong, Qiu Yajun, Gao Yuanan, Ye Jianyi, Liang Hua, and Lu Shujun. This standard was first issued in 1974, revised for the first time in 1984, and revised for the second time in 1992. III
Technical conditions for heat treatment of high carbon chromium stainless steel rolling bearing parts
JB/T 1460—2002
This standard specifies the technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, pickling inspection procedures, steel ball crushing load values, etc. of rolling bearing parts made of 9Cr18 and 9Cr18Mo stainless steel materials after annealing, quenching and tempering. This standard is applicable to the heat treatment quality inspection of bearing parts (semi-finished products and finished products) made of the above materials. For bearing parts with special requirements, the relevant standards and product drawings shall be followed. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated reference document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated reference document, the latest version applies to this standard. GB/T.230—1991 Metal Rockwell hardness test method (neqISO6508:1986) GB/T231—1984 Metal Brinell hardness test method GB/T4340.1—1999 Metal Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method (eqVISO6507-1:1997) GB/T 4340.2—1999
GB/T4340.3—1999
JB/T1255—
—2001
JB/T 2974—1993
JB/T 7361—-1994
Technical requirements
Metal Vickers hardness test Part 2: Verification of hardness tester (idtISO6507-2:1997) Metal Vickers hardness test Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness block (idtISO6507-3:1997) Technical conditions for heat treatment of high carbon chromium bearing steel rolling bearing parts Supplementary provisions for the rolling bearing code method
Parts hardness test method
Rolling bearings
3.1 Technical requirements for bearing parts after annealing
The technical requirements for bearing parts after annealing shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Technical requirements for bearing parts after annealing
Inspection items
Microstructure
Depth of decarburized layer
Technical requirements
The hardness of bearing parts after annealing should be 197HB~241HB (indentation diameter is 4.3mm~3.9mm) The microstructure of bearing parts after annealing should be fine-grained pearlite with uniform distribution, and no crystal carbide is allowed to appear. According to the first-level diagram of this standard, the maximum depth of decarburized layer shall not exceed 2/3 of the minimum machining allowance on each side before quenching. 3.2 Technical requirements for bearing parts after quenching and tempering 3.2.1 Hardness
3.2.1.1 The hardness of rings and rolling elements after quenching and tempering should not be less than 58HRC. 3.2.1.2 The hardness value of bearing parts after high-temperature tempering should meet the requirements of Table 2. Table 2 Hardness values of bearing parts after high temperature tempering Tempering temperature
Note: Bearing parts after high temperature tempering shall add supplementary codes according to JB/T2974--1993 Rings, rolling elements Hardness HRC (minimum) 56
3.2.1.3 The hardness uniformity of the same bearing parts after quenching and tempering shall comply with the provisions of Table 3 JB/T1460-2002
Part name
Finished product size
Table 3 Hardness uniformity of the same part of the bearing parts after quenching and tempering Ring (outer diameter)
Hardness difference (maximum)
Note: The size of the tapered roller should be calculated based on the minimum diameter Microstructure
Rolling element (effective diameter)
Micro shaft
Bearing parts
Not checked
3.2.2.1 The microstructure of the bearing parts after quenching and tempering should be composed of martensite, primary carbide, secondary carbide and residual austenite. 3.2.2.2 The tempering structure is mainly evaluated according to the dissolution degree of secondary carbides and the size of the grain size. The primary carbide is not used as the basis for the evaluation of the quenching and tempering structure. When judging the grain size, if there are individual grains exceeding the fifth level in a single field of view, the total area should not exceed 114 of the area of the field, otherwise it will be deemed unqualified. 3.2.2.3 Quenching and tempering organization is evaluated according to the second level diagram of this standard. The second to fifth levels are qualified organizations: there should be no underheated organization of the first level and the sixth level Li Jing carbide organization. When the quenching and tempering organization is between the first and second levels, the hardness is the best. The microstructure level diagram is explained as follows:
a) First level: martensite + a large amount of residual secondary carbides and primary carbides + a small amount of residual austenite. This organization is formed under the condition of low quenching temperature or short holding time. The carbides are not well dissolved, the solid solution concentration is low, and the hardness is lower than the standard requirements due to rain.
Second level: martensite + more residual secondary carbides and primary carbides + a small amount of residual austenite. b)
This organization is formed under the lower limit of quenching temperature or slightly shorter holding time. The hardness should be at the lower limit of the qualified value specified in the standard. Third level: martensite + residual secondary carbides and primary carbides + a small amount of residual austenite This organization is formed under the condition of appropriate quenching temperature and holding time. Level 4: Martensite + a small amount of residual secondary carbides and primary carbides + part of residual austenite, d)
This structure is formed when the quenching temperature is high or the holding time is too long, e)
Level 5: Martensite + secondary carbides and primary carbides + a small amount of residual austenite. This structure is the highest level of control of the allowed grains, regardless of the degree of dissolution of secondary carbides. Level 6: Martensite + residual secondary carbides and -primary carbides + part of residual austenite + Li crystal carbides. This structure is mainly formed when the forging heating temperature is too high. First level diagram Annealing structure
Magnification 500×
Third level
Fifth level
Second level diagram
Tempered structure
Magnification 500×
Second level
Fourth level
Sixth level
JB/T 1460--2002
JB/T 1460--2002
3.2.3 Other technical requirements for bearing parts after tempering Other technical requirements for bearing parts after quenching and tempering shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4 Other technical requirements for bearing parts after quenching and tempering Inspection items
Decarburization and soft spot
Steel ball crushing load
4 Inspection method
Inspection method shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 5.
Inspection items
Microstructure
Decarburization and soft spots
Steel ball crushing load
Technical requirements
Bearing parts should not have cracks after quenching and tempering
Bearing parts should be inspected for fracture surface when there is any objection to the heat treatment quality after quenching and tempering. The fracture surface should be light gray fine porcelain-like, and the second level is qualified. There should be no first-level underheating and third-level overheating fracture surfaces
The depth of decarburization layer (or surface soft spots) between processes should comply with the provisions of Appendix E of JB/T1255-2001. However, the finished product should not have decarburization or soft spots. The crushing load value of steel balls after quenching and tempering should not be less than the provisions of Appendix A. The crushing load value of steel balls with a diameter greater than 50.800mm is not measured. Table 5 Test method
Test method
Hardness inspection can be carried out by using Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers or Leeb hardness testers according to the hardness value and size of the parts, and in accordance with the provisions of GB/T230-1991, GB/T 231-1984.JB/T 7361-1994, GB/T 4340.1-1999, GB/T 4340.2-1999, GB/T4340.3-1999. When measuring the hardness of the ring, measure one point every 120° along the circumference on the end face, and measure three points in total. When measuring the surface hardness of steel balls, rollers, and needle rollers, a special jig is required. When measuring the hardness of steel balls, the center line of the inner cone of the jig should coincide with the center point of the indenter; when measuring the hardness of rollers, the center point of the indenter should fall on the center line of the V-groove of the jig. The hardness of steel balls and rollers is measured at three points. When measuring hardness, the decarburized layer of bearing parts should be removed. The hardness of finished tapered and cylindrical rollers is based on the hardness measured on the tapered and cylindrical surfaces. The hardness of spherical rollers can be measured on the end surface. When measuring the hardness of steel balls with a diameter not greater than 15.875mm on the spherical surface and rollers with a diameter not greater than 15mm on the cylindrical surface, the hardness correction value should be added according to the provisions of JB/T1255-2001. The hardness of steel balls with a diameter less than 4.7625mm and rollers with a diameter less than 5mm should be measured on their ground surfaces. The measurement method refers to Appendix B. The conversion of Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness shall be carried out according to the provisions of Appendix D of JB/T1255-2001. The microstructure is evaluated at 500 times with a metallographic microscope. It is also allowed to be carried out at 450 times to 600 times, but the influence of magnification should be considered. The etchant should be a solution of 5mL hydrochloric acid, 1g picric acid, and 100mL alcohol. Tempering cracks of bearing parts can be checked by magnetic flaw detection method, and the method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B of JB/T1255-2001. Cold pickling method can also be used. In case of doubt, hot pickling method shall prevail, and the method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of JB/T1255-2001. After the parts are crushed, observe the cross section, and evaluate the decarburized layer and surface soft spots according to the third level diagram. The provisions of JB/T1255-2001 can be referred to. The surface soft spots of bearing parts can be checked by cold pickling method (see Appendix C). The annealed decarburized layer of hot-punching steel ball should be measured on the ground surface perpendicular to the cross section of the ring band in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A.
Third level diagram
Fractograph structure
Magnification 2×
First level
Second level
Third level
JB/T 1460--2002
JB/T1460—2002
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Table A.1 gives the crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball. Table A.1
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Nominal diameter of steel ball
Crushing load
After quenching and tempering
Nominal diameter of steel ball
.38.000
Crushing load kN
After quenching and tempering3-1999. When measuring the hardness of the ring, measure one point every 120° along the circumference on the end face, and measure three points in total. When measuring the surface hardness of steel balls, rollers, and needle rollers, a special jig is required. When measuring the hardness of steel balls, the center line of the inner cone of the jig should coincide with the center point of the indenter; when measuring the hardness of rollers, the center point of the indenter should fall on the center line of the V-groove of the jig. The hardness of both steel balls and rollers is measured at three points. When measuring the hardness, the decarburized layer of the bearing parts should be removed. The hardness of the finished conical and cylindrical rollers shall be based on the hardness measured on the conical and cylindrical surfaces, and the end surface hardness of spherical rollers can be measured. When measuring the hardness of a steel ball with a diameter not exceeding 15.875mm on the spherical surface and a roller with a diameter not exceeding 15mm on the cylindrical surface, the hardness correction value shall be added according to the provisions of JB/T1255-2001. If the diameter of the steel ball is less than 4.7625mm and the diameter of the roller is less than 5mm, the hardness should be measured on the ground surface. The measurement method refers to Appendix B. The conversion of Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix D of JB/T1255-2001. The microstructure shall be evaluated with a metallographic microscope at 500 times. It is also allowed to be carried out at 450 times to 600 times, but the influence of the magnification shall be considered. The etchant shall be a solution of 5mL hydrochloric acid, 1g picric acid, and 100mL alcohol. The tempering cracks of the bearing parts can be checked by magnetic flaw detection method, and the method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B of JB/T1255-2001. Cold pickling method can also be used. In case of doubt, hot pickling method shall prevail. The method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of JB/T1255-2001. After the parts are crushed, the cross section shall be observed. The decarburized layer and surface soft spots shall be evaluated according to the third level diagram. The provisions of JB/T1255-2001 can be referred to. The surface soft spots of bearing parts can be checked by cold pickling method (see Appendix C). The annealed decarburized layer of hot-punching steel ball should be measured on the ground surface perpendicular to the cross section of the ring band in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A.
Third level diagram
Fractograph structure
Magnification 2×
First level
Second level
Third level
JB/T 1460--2002
JB/T1460—2002
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Table A.1 gives the crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball. Table A.1
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Nominal diameter of steel ball
Crushing load
After quenching and tempering
Nominal diameter of steel ball
.38.000
Crushing load kN
After quenching and tempering3-1999. When measuring the hardness of the ring, measure one point every 120° along the circumference on the end face, and measure three points in total. When measuring the surface hardness of steel balls, rollers, and needle rollers, a special jig is required. When measuring the hardness of steel balls, the center line of the inner cone of the jig should coincide with the center point of the indenter; when measuring the hardness of rollers, the center point of the indenter should fall on the center line of the V-groove of the jig. The hardness of both steel balls and rollers is measured at three points. When measuring the hardness, the decarburized layer of the bearing parts should be removed. The hardness of the finished conical and cylindrical rollers shall be based on the hardness measured on the conical and cylindrical surfaces, and the end surface hardness of spherical rollers can be measured. When measuring the hardness of a steel ball with a diameter not exceeding 15.875mm on the spherical surface and a roller with a diameter not exceeding 15mm on the cylindrical surface, the hardness correction value shall be added according to the provisions of JB/T1255-2001. If the diameter of the steel ball is less than 4.7625mm and the diameter of the roller is less than 5mm, the hardness should be measured on the ground surface. The measurement method refers to Appendix B. The conversion of Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix D of JB/T1255-2001. The microstructure shall be evaluated with a metallographic microscope at 500 times. It is also allowed to be carried out at 450 times to 600 times, but the influence of the magnification shall be considered. The etchant shall be a solution of 5mL hydrochloric acid, 1g picric acid, and 100mL alcohol. The tempering cracks of the bearing parts can be checked by magnetic flaw detection method, and the method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B of JB/T1255-2001. Cold pickling method can also be used. In case of doubt, hot pickling method shall prevail. The method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of JB/T1255-2001. After the parts are crushed, the cross section shall be observed. The decarburized layer and surface soft spots shall be evaluated according to the third level diagram. The provisions of JB/T1255-2001 can be referred to. The surface soft spots of bearing parts can be checked by cold pickling method (see Appendix C). The annealed decarburized layer of hot-punching steel ball should be measured on the ground surface perpendicular to the cross section of the ring band in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A.
Third level diagram
Fractograph structure
Magnification 2×
First level
Second level
Third level
JB/T 1460--2002
JB/T1460—2002
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Table A.1 gives the crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball. Table A.1
Crushing load value of high carbon chromium stainless steel ball
Nominal diameter of steel ball
Crushing load
After quenching and tempering
Nominal diameter of steel ball
.38.000
Crushing load kN
After quenching and tempering
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