GB/T 3723-1999 General safety rules for sampling of industrial chemical products
Some standard content:
GB/T3723
This standard is the first revision of GB/T3723-1983 based on the international standard ISO3165:1976 "General Safety Rules for Sampling of Industrial Chemical Products" (first edition on June 15, 1976), and is equivalent to it in terms of technical content and writing rules. When revising GB/T3723-1983 based on the first edition of the international standard ISO3165:1976, the degree of adoption was changed from the original equivalent adoption to the current equivalent adoption after some editorial changes; the content was added with the preface, ISO preface and introduction to Chapter 1. In terms of writing format, in order to be consistent with the provisions in GB/T1.1-1993, "1" is added to the number of each chapter in the international standard, that is, Chapter 0 of the international standard is changed to Chapter 1 of this standard, Chapter 1 is changed to Chapter 2 of this standard, Chapter 2 is changed to Chapter 3 of this standard, and Chapter 3 is changed to Chapter 4 of this standard. The article numbers in each chapter have not changed. This standard replaces GB/T3723-1983 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Chemical Industry's comprehensive basic standardization unit. The drafting unit of this standard: the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. The main drafters of this standard: Xiao Yanghui and Wang Xiaobing. The first publication date of this standard: June 15, 1983. 12
GB/T 3723 1999
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards associations (members of ISO). The work of formulating international standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member has the right to send representatives to attend the technical committees set up for the subjects in which it is interested. Governmental and non-governmental international organizations may also participate in this work after establishing contact with ISO. All draft international standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to members for comments before being approved as international standards by the ISO Council.
International Standard ISO 3165 was prepared by ISO/TC47 Technical Committee, Chemical Subcommittee, and circulated to members for comments in July 1973.
This International Standard has been approved by the following member countries: Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
No member indicated that it would not adopt the document.
Hungary
Ireland
Israel
Italy
New Zealand
Portugal
Romania
Republic of South Africa
Spain
Turkey
1 Introduction
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Rules for Sampling of Chemical Products for Industrial Use-Safety in Sampling GB/T.3723—1999
idtISo3165:1976
Replaces GB/T3723—1983
In some cases, when sampling, the sampler is at risk of personal injury, and may also cause dangerous conditions that endanger the safety of others. This standard is intended to help operators engaged in sampling, or those who guide the sampler's business and the person in charge of the sampling site, to ensure the safety of sampling operations.
At the same time, attention should be paid to the current regulations on the transport of dangerous goods. Users of this standard should strictly comply with these regulations and the requirements of the carrier. 2 Scope
This standard stipulates the safety of sampling industrial chemical products. 3 General provisions
3.1 Regardless of the nature of the sampled product, the following sampling operation regulations must be observed: The sampling site must have a safe access and meet the required lighting and ventilation conditions. Sampling points set on fixed devices must meet the above requirements and also meet the special requirements of the nature of the sampled material. When sampling on the top of a tank or tank truck, precautions must be taken to prevent falling and the collapse of stacked containers or bulk cargo. 3.2 If the sampled material itself is a dangerous product, the following general provisions should be observed: 3.2.1 During sampling, the batch of materials should not be damaged. In particular, when taking fluid samples through valves, in order to avoid the possibility of a large outflow of fluid when the valve is stuck in the open position, the sampling equipment should have a device to limit the total outflow and flow rate at any time. When sampling liquids, in order to prevent overflow, overflow troughs and funnels should be prepared to safely collect overflows, and splash guards should be set up for samplers.
For sampling liquids and gases, valves should be used to cut off the connection between the sampling point and the material or pipeline at any time. The valve should be installed near the sampling point, but not too close, so that the fluid can be safely controlled in case of an accident. In any case, the sampler must ensure that all opened parts and sampling ports are closed again as required. 3.2.2 When it is necessary to clean the sample container with the material to be collected, and the material is hazardous, appropriate facilities should be prepared to handle the cleaning materials. Gases should be discharged to a place away from samplers and other staff. 3.2.3 The sampling volume and sampling frequency should be determined according to the needs of the inspection. 3.2.4 The container containing the sample should be transported using an appropriate carrier. The design and manufacture of this carrier should be convenient for operation and minimize the damage to the sample container and the resulting danger. 3.2.5 The sampling equipment (including all tools and containers) should be compatible with the properties of the materials to be sampled and meet the requirements of use. For example, the sample container should be airtight and equipped with a pressure relief device. The sample should be isolated from chemical products that are likely to interact with it. 3.2.6 The container should be marked before sampling or as early as possible. Marking the nature and hazard of the material Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on June 8, 1999 14
Implemented on December 1, 1999
GB/T3723—1999
3.2.7 The sampler should fully understand the hazards of the sample and preventive measures, and be trained in the use of safety facilities, including fire extinguishers, protective glasses and protective clothing. Before and after sampling, the relevant supervisor should be reported, especially abnormal events and situations. If sampling poisonous substances, the sampler should report to the supervisor immediately if he feels unwell. 3.2.8 The sampler should be accompanied by a second person, whose task is to ensure the safety of the sampler. During the sampling operation, the attendant should be in a position where he can clearly see the sampling point and observe the entire sampling operation. The attendant should be specially trained to know what actions to take in an emergency. Such training requires him to call the police first and not to go alone for rescue unless in extremely special circumstances. 3.2.9 These general provisions and the following specific provisions should serve as necessary safety guidelines for the preparation of all samples. 3.2.10 Wherever there is contact with chemicals, eye protection equipment should be used. 3.2.11 It should be emphasized that the supervisor of sampling work should consider in detail the consequences of minor accidents that may occur, such as overflow, valve failure, etc. Samplers should be specially trained to know what to do under normal circumstances and in the event of an accident. It is also important that the attendant should be specially trained to know what to do when sampling toxic substances and dangerous corrosive substances (see 4.4 and 4.5). 4 Specific provisions for dangerous substances
The physical or chemical properties of the substances to be collected may have a direct physiological effect on the human body, and may also be flammable and explosive. Since the degree of hazard varies greatly, only general guidance can be given. The following general classification of hazardous substances and the corresponding preventive measures are given as a supplement to 3.2. When there is no definite information to prove that it is harmless, all new substances to be collected should be considered hazardous. Many substances have more than one hazard, for example: benzene is toxic and flammable, and its vapor can form an explosive mixture when mixed with air. For details of individual substances, see the following references: European Commission (Industrial Safety and Health Subcommittee), Chemical Department, "Recommendations on Hazardous Chemicals and Their Labelling", third edition, Strasbourg 1971.
Ern Erwin Sykes, "Hazards of Industrial Materials", published by Reinhold Publishing. Ethel Browning, "Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents", published by Elseven Publishing, and G. de Mier, "Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory", published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. P. J. Gaston, "Hazardous Chemicals: Management, Transport and Storage", published by the Association for Science and Technology. In addition, Chemical Safety Data Sheets for specific chemical substances are published by "Chemical Manufacturers Associates, Ltd., Washington, DC, USA. At the same time, most chemical manufacturers will also explain to users and others how to use their products. The chemical hazardous substances that may be encountered are the following: a) Explosive substances, including unstable substances that are not used as explosives (see 4.1); b) Oxidizing substances (see 4.2);
c) flammable substances (see 4.3);
d) poisons (see 4.4);
e) corrosive and irritating substances (see 4.5);f) substances that are dangerous due to their physical state (especially temperature and pressure) (see 4.6);g) radioactive substances (see 4.7).
4.1 Explosives and unstable substances
4.1.1 Examples
Unstable substances stored in water and other liquids, such as: concentrated hydrogen peroxide, ketone peroxides, organic acid peroxides, acetylene, etc. 4.1.2 Additional precautions
4.1.2.1 The sample container should be sealed to prevent material loss or volatilization, but there should be a safety pressure relief valve on the cover. 4.1.2.2 The sample should be protected from heat and shock. The sample container must be transported in a specially designed carrier that can ensure that the sample does not leak out in the event of a rupture or leak. 4.1.2.3 Any leak should be reported so that timely measures can be taken. 4.1.2.4 Smoking is prohibited, and the use of unprotected lamps and equipment that may cause sparks is prohibited. 15
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4.1.2.5 Protective glasses and protective clothing must be worn. 4.1.2.6 The location of the alarm system and fire extinguishing equipment must be known. 4.2 Oxidizing substances
4.2.1 Examples
Liquid air and liquid oxygen, oxidizing acids and their salts, hydrogen peroxide, etc. The danger varies with the nature of the substance and the nature of the combustibles it may come into contact with, and is also related to their fineness. It should be remembered that most of the sampler's clothes are combustible.
4.2.2 Additional precautions
4.2.2.1 There should be no combustible materials near the sampling site as far as possible. 4.2.2.2 Sufficient and suitable fire extinguishers should be prepared. 4.2.2.3 There should be no combustible fillings in the carrier of the sample. 4.2.2.4 Smoking and the use of unprotected lights are prohibited. 4.2.2.5 Any leak should be reported and eliminated as soon as possible. 4.2.2.6 Protective glasses and protective clothing should be worn. 4.3 Flammable substances
4.3.1 Examples
In addition to flammable gases, liquids and solids (represented by hydrogen, fuel oil and coal), there are also some substances that, although they are generally not considered flammable in themselves, will produce flammable substances if exposed to moisture (for example: alkali metal hydrides and calcium carbide), and some substances will spontaneously ignite when exposed to air, such as: white phosphorus, pyrophoric metals, etc. The hazard varies with the substance, its temperature and its state of subdivision. Liquids are generally more hazardous than solids. If the substance is volatile and produces flammable gases or is easily dispersed in the air, its hazard is greater. Special attention should be paid to the explosion hazard caused by the accumulation of volatiles in confined spaces of substances containing residual traces of solvents, and to dust of combustible substances, such as flour, starch, coal powder, which can also form explosive mixtures if they are blown up. The person responsible for sampling should be familiar with the flash point, autoignition point and explosion limit concentration of their vapor in air of these substances. 4.3.2 Precautions to be added according to the severity of the hazard 4.3.2.1 There should be no potential ignition factors and facilities near the sampling site. Smoking is prohibited, and the use of unprotected lamps and spark-generating devices is prohibited.
4.3.2.2 Precautions should be taken to ensure that there is no static charge. Vehicles equipped with rubber tires should be grounded before driving. Sampling points on fixed devices should be grounded separately. It should also be noted that while these precautions will ensure that the material being sampled is not charged, the sampler and his clothing may be charged. In dry weather, nylon work clothes always carry a large charge, so cotton clothing is preferred. The sampler should wear conductive shoes. Liquid flow and mixing often generate static electricity, so sufficient time should be allowed after the movement of the liquid to stop to ensure that all charges generated by the movement have been discharged into the ground before sampling. 4.3.2.3 Sufficient and suitable fire extinguishers should be available. 4.3.2.4 Any leak should be reported and eliminated as soon as possible. Leaked flammable liquid should not be discharged into the sewer unless it is miscible with water and can be washed away by a continuous stream of water.
4.3.2.5 Protective glasses and protective clothing must be worn. These clothes should not be flammable in themselves. Synthetic fiber clothing or plastic clothing should not be worn. 4.3.2.6 Pyrophoric substances should be handled in an inert liquid or inert gas. 4.4 Toxicants
4.4.1 Introduction
Possible ways of poisoning:
a) ingestion poisoning (see 4.4.2);
b) respiratory poisoning (see 4.4.3);
c) contact poisoning (see 4.4.4).
GB/T 3723-1999
Acute poisoning is a toxic reaction from a large dose, which makes people feel uncomfortable or have other symptoms immediately; sometimes due to the delayed effect, the symptoms of poisoning will appear after several hours. All cases should be treated promptly. Repeated exposure to certain small doses of poisons will endanger health due to the accumulation of the poison itself in the human body or the accumulation of slight physiological changes. People who are frequently exposed to such poisons should have regular physical examinations by doctors. When handling poisons or sampling poisons, the sampler should understand the harmfulness of the poison, the symptoms of poisoning, and the characteristics of various delayed poisoning effects. They should also be told that if they feel any discomfort, they should immediately seek medical treatment from a hospital doctor. When the sampled material has a delayed toxic effect, a dated card should be created for the sampler, stating the name of the poison he is handling and the name and telephone number of the medical staff who can handle the situation.
When the poisoned person is sent for treatment, his poisoning situation should be filled in in detail and sent with the poisoned person. 4.4.2 Toxic substances that can cause poisoning by ingestion
4.4.2.1 Overview
This clause includes solids and liquids with low vapor pressure. This is because when the vapor pressure of the poison is large enough, the main hazard should be considered to be respiratory poisoning. If the solid powder is very fine and can fly into the air to form dust, it should be treated as a poison that causes respiratory poisoning (see 4.4.3). 4.4.2.2 Precautions that should be added according to the severity of the hazard 4.4.2.2.1 Smoking, snuffing or eating near poisons is prohibited. 4.4.2.2.2 There should be suitable flushing facilities for the sampler to use after placing the sample container and before leaving the site. Appropriate facilities should also be provided for cleaning all sampling equipment after sampling. 4.4.2.2.3 The liquid sampling valve should be installed to prevent the liquid from leaking. In case of leakage, the material can be collected in the container. There should also be a valve to cut off the sampling point and the system. The valve should be installed near the sampling point, but not too close. 4.4.2.2.4 All sampling containers and tools should be cleaned to the extent that they can be used without sample flushing. If flushing is necessary or the sample pipeline is required to be cleaned for the first time, suitable marked containers should be prepared to hold the residual liquid, and operating procedures for handling these residual liquids should be provided. 4.4.2.2.5 Any leak must be reported immediately. If necessary, the sampler should wear a suitable overalls so that it can be changed when contaminated. Contaminated clothes should not be sent directly to the laundry or cleaners. They should be washed after appropriate steps are taken by an expert who understands the dangers to remove the contamination. 4.4.3 Toxic substances causing respiratory poisoning
4.4.3.1 Overview
This clause includes gases, volatile liquids and other toxic liquids and solids that may form flying droplets or dust when handled. In a certain sense, all gases except oxygen can be considered harmful to health. Because, when their concentration is very high, it will reduce the oxygen content in the air we breathe. Even nitrogen, although it is the main component of normal breathing air, is still potentially fatal in the above sense. Therefore, when sampling any gas under pressure, the sampling area should generally be well ventilated. When there are poisonous substances causing respiratory poisoning, labor protection should be provided, and masks that allow fresh air to be introduced or gas masks equipped with appropriate adsorbents can be used. For some gases, especially carbon monoxide, masks that replenish fresh air should be used when the concentration is very high. Adsorption tank gas mask is only used for low concentration or relatively non-volatile substances. Bottle adsorbent mainly plays a filtering role on dust and liquid particles. On the other hand, when the nature of some gases makes the sampler unable to detect the failure of the gas mask, it is forbidden to use adsorbent gas filter. In fact, some people cannot distinguish the smell of hydrogen sulfide, and their sense of hydrogen sulfide will become dull after continuous contact. 4.4.3.2 Precautions to be added
4.4.3.2.1 All staff should be equipped with and use appropriate respiratory protection during operation. 4.4.3.2.2 The sampler should be accompanied by a second person, whose task is to ensure the safety of the sampler. During the sampling operation, the accompanying person should be in a place where he can clearly see the sampling point and observe the entire sampling process. He should be specially trained and know what actions to take in an emergency. These trainings require him to call the police first. Except in extremely special circumstances, he should not go alone to rescue. 4.4.3.2.3 The installed liquid sampling valve should not leak. In case of leakage, the material should be collected in the container. There should also be a valve to cut off the sampling point and the system. This valve must be installed near the sampling point, but not too close. 4.4.3.2.4 Before leaving the scene, the sample container should be sealed. 4.4.3.2.5 Any leakage must be reported immediately. If necessary, the sampler should wear a suitable overalls so that it can be replaced in case of contamination. Clothes stained with 17
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should not be sent directly to the laundry or cleaners. They should be washed after appropriate steps have been taken by an expert who understands the dangers.
4.4.4 Contact poisoning
4.4.4.1 Overview
Poisons that cause contact poisoning are different from the corrosive substances to be described in 4.5. They enter the human body through the skin. Generally speaking, corrosive substances will cause immediate damage to the tissues that come into direct contact with them, and their harm is limited to this type. However, contact poisons are usually absorbed through the skin and enter the subcutaneous tissue, and may not immediately cause damage and sensation on the skin surface. Some substances, such as hydrofluoric acid, are both corrosive substances and contact poisons. Generally speaking, contact poisons are more dangerous than corrosive substances. Because after they enter the human body, the victim cannot immediately discover the damage.
Vapors of these substances can enter the human body through the skin as quickly as their liquid or solid counterparts, and can also be considered as inhalation toxicants. These substances can also be toxic by ingestion. Skin contact with any organic liquid should be avoided. Regardless of the nature of the chemical being handled, the sampler must wash off any contaminants on his hands. 4.4.4.2 Additional precautions
4.4.4.2.1 Appropriate protective equipment must be equipped and worn. These protective equipment can be divided into the following types according to the severity of the hazard: a) impermeable protective outer clothing with gloves, boots, overshoes and gas mask; b) impermeable hoop skirts, gloves, boots and gas mask or mask; c) mask and gloves.
Note that inappropriate boots will become a collector of splashed materials; and inappropriate gloves will absorb or retain chemicals. 4.4.4.2.2 Provide appropriate washing facilities, preferably hot water showers or cold water showers. Before sampling, the sampler should check whether the shower is in good condition and ensure that it can be used.
4.4.4.2.3 Soiled clothing should be taken off immediately. 4.4.4.2.4 The sampler should be accompanied by a second person whose task is to ensure the safety of the sampler. During the sampling operation, the accompanying person should be in a place where he can clearly see the sampling point and observe the entire sampling process. He should have received special training and know what actions to take in an emergency. These trainings require him to call the police first and not to go to rescue alone except in extremely special circumstances. 4.4.4.2.5 The installed liquid sampling valve should not leak. In case of leakage, the material should be collected in a container. A valve should also be installed to cut off the sampling point and the system. This valve must be installed near the sampling point, but not too close. 4.4.4.2.6 All sampling containers and tools should be cleaned to the extent that they can be used without sample flushing. If flushing is necessary or the sample pipeline is required to be cleaned for the first time, suitable marked containers should be prepared to hold the residual liquid, and operating procedures for handling these residual liquids should be provided. 4.5 Corrosive and irritating substances
4.5.1 General
The hazards covered in this clause include the well-known rapid action of strong acids and bases. However, care should be taken not to expose the skin to any chemical unless necessary. Even relatively harmless substances, such as sodium carbonate, may cause dermatitis, and some substances may cause allergies. The precautions are similar to those for contact poisoning, with particular emphasis on the use of protective goggles to protect the eyes. Strong acids and bases corrode rapidly, so splashes should be rinsed immediately. Showers or baths must be available near the sampling point. These facilities should be protected from freezing and known to be usable before sampling. Other appropriate precautions as described in 4.4.3.2 should also be observed. 4.6 Substances dangerous by their physical state 4.6.1 General
This clause covers substances at extremely high and low temperatures and at high pressures. Generally, extremely cold and hot substances will cause damage similar to that of corrosive substances, except that the damage is actually instantaneous and rinsing is ineffective. 4.6.2 Hazards due to temperature of the substance: Additional precautions 4.6.2.1 Mainly to prevent splashing of eyes.
4.6.2.2 For very hot substances, heat radiation to the face and neck must be shielded, and heat radiation to the eyes must also be avoided. 4.6.2.3 Gloves or long gloves that do not easily absorb the substance being handled should be worn to prevent splashing on the hands. 18
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4.6.2.4 Aprons should be worn. Boots must be sturdy and have appropriate protection to prevent splashing substances from entering the boots. 4.6.3 Hazards due to pressure of the substance: Additional precautions Sampling of fluids can be done at atmospheric pressure or at system pressure. 4.6.3.1 The sampling equipment should include appropriate means to allow a safe flow rate at the outlet of the high-pressure system, and the outlet aperture should ensure that the fluid flows out at a rate that does not cause injury.
4.6.3.2 When sampling under system pressure, the sample container used should be checked regularly by qualified personnel to verify whether the operating pressure of the container is consistent with the pressure marked on the container. The container must be dedicated. The connector between the container and the sampling point should be suitable for the system. The sampler should use appropriate tools to connect the container to the sampling point. And the reliability of the connection should be checked before sampling. 4.6.3.3 When the sample container is filled with liquid, appropriate space must be left. In any case, this space must not be less than 5% of the total volume at the highest temperature that may be encountered.
4.7 Radioactive Materials
4.7.1 Overview
Under normal circumstances, a certain amount of radioactive materials with potential hazards are only allowed to be handled by specially trained personnel in special places. The place should have necessary protective facilities and be guided by qualified health physicists. In any other case, radioactive materials should not be approached or handled without special and accurate guidance. 4.7.2 Provisions
Before sampling, full consideration must be given to giving all staff the following guidance and training on safety measures: 4.7.2.1 Precautions to be followed and actions to be taken when any possible accident occurs. 4.7.2.2 Wear appropriate protective clothing,
4.7.2.3 Carry radioactive monitoring instruments.
4.7.2.4 Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in places where unsealed radioactive materials are handled. 4.7.2.5 In order to eliminate contamination, monitoring instruments for hands, shoes and clothes, as well as wash basins and showers for eliminating radioactive contamination should be prepared.
4.7.2.6 Fume hoods, glove boxes and other enclosed and (or) shielded equipment should be installed in appropriate places to reduce radioactive contamination and reduce radioactive effects to allowable levels.
4.7.2.7 Consider the degree of shielding and/or distance from radioactive materials based on the required respiratory protection and/or safe working time.
4.7.2.8 Any leak must be reported immediately to local management and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate the contamination.195 The corrosive substances to be described enter the human body through the skin. Generally speaking, corrosive substances will cause immediate damage to the tissues that are in direct contact with them, and their harm is limited to this. Contact poisons are usually absorbed through the skin and enter the subcutaneous tissue, and may not immediately cause damage and sensation on the skin surface. Some substances, such as hydrofluoric acid, are both corrosive substances and contact poisons. Generally speaking, contact poisons are more dangerous than corrosive substances. Because after it enters the human body, the victim cannot immediately discover the damage.
The vapors of this type of substances can enter the human body through the skin as quickly as their liquids or solids, and can also be considered as respiratory poisons. These substances can also cause poisoning when ingested. Avoid skin contact with any organic liquid. Regardless of the nature of the chemical being handled, the sampler must wash off the contaminants on his hands. 4.4.4.2 Precautions that should be added
4.4.4.2.1 Appropriate protective equipment must be equipped and worn. These protective equipment can be divided into the following categories according to the severity of the hazard: a) impermeable protective outer clothing with gloves, boots, overshoes and gas mask; b) impermeable hoop skirt, gloves, boots and gas mask or mask; c) mask and gloves.
Note that ill-fitting boots will become a collector of splashed materials; while ill-fitting gloves will absorb or retain chemicals. 4.4.4.2.2 Provide appropriate washing facilities, preferably hot or cold showers. Before sampling, the sampler should check whether the shower is working properly and ensure that it can be used.
4.4.4.2.3 Soiled clothing should be removed immediately. 4.4.4.2.4 The sampler should be accompanied by a second person whose task is to ensure the safety of the sampler. During the sampling operation, the companion should be in a place where he can clearly see the sampling point and observe the entire sampling process. He should have received special training and know what actions to take in an emergency. Such training requires him to call the police first and not to go alone for rescue except in extremely special circumstances. 4.4.4.2.5 The installed liquid sampling valve should not leak. In case of leakage, the material should be collected in a container. A valve should also be installed to cut off the sampling point and the system. This valve should be installed near the sampling point, but not too close. 4.4.4.2.6 All sampling containers and tools should be cleaned to the extent that they can be used without sample flushing. If flushing is necessary or the sample pipeline is required to be cleaned for the first time, suitable marked containers should be prepared to hold the residual liquid and provide operating procedures for handling these residual liquids. 4.5 Corrosive and irritating substances
4.5.1 Overview
The hazards involved in this clause include the rapid action of well-known strong acids and strong bases. However, it should be noted that, unless necessary, the skin should not be exposed to any chemical. Even relatively harmless substances, such as sodium carbonate, may cause dermatitis, and some substances may cause allergies. The precautions are similar to those for contact poisoning, with particular emphasis on the use of protective goggles to protect the eyes. Strong acids and alkalis corrode quickly, so splashes should be rinsed immediately. Showers or baths must be available near the sampling point. These facilities should be protected from freezing and known to be usable before sampling. Other appropriate precautions as described in 4.4.3.2 should also be observed. 4.6 Substances that are dangerous due to their physical state 4.6.1 Overview
This clause includes substances at extremely high and low temperatures and high pressures. Generally, extremely cold and hot substances will cause damage similar to that of corrosive substances, except that this damage is actually instantaneous and rinsing is ineffective. 4.6.2 Hazards caused by the temperature of the substance should be increased. Precautions 4.6.2.1 The main thing is to prevent splashing of the eyes.
4.6.2.2 For very hot substances, heat radiation to the face and neck must be blocked, and heat radiation to the eyes should also be avoided. 4.6.2.3 Gloves or long gloves that are not easily absorbed by the substance being handled should be worn to prevent splashing on the hands. 18
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4.6.2.4 Aprons are required. Boots must be sturdy and have appropriate protection measures to prevent splashing materials from entering the boots. 4.6.3 Precautions that should be increased for hazards caused by pressure of materials Fluid sampling can be completed at atmospheric pressure or at system pressure. 4.6.3.1 The sampling equipment should include appropriate devices to ensure a safe flow rate at the outlet of the high-pressure system, and the aperture of the outlet should ensure that the fluid flows out at a speed that does not cause harm.
4.6.3.2 When sampling under system pressure, the sample container used should be checked regularly by competent personnel to verify whether the operating pressure of the container is consistent with the pressure marked on the container. The container must be dedicated. The connector between the container and the sampling point should be suitable for the system. The sampler should use appropriate tools to connect the container to the sampling point. And the reliability of the connection should be checked before sampling. 4.6.3.3 When the sample container is filled with liquid, appropriate space must be left. In any case, this space must not be less than 5% of the total volume at the highest temperature that may be encountered.
4.7 Radioactive Materials
4.7.1 Overview
Under normal circumstances, a certain amount of radioactive materials with potential hazards are only allowed to be handled by specially trained personnel in special places. The place should have necessary protective facilities and be guided by qualified health physicists. In any other case, radioactive materials must not be approached or handled without special and accurate guidance. 4.7.2 Provisions
Before sampling, full consideration must be given to giving all staff the following guidance and training on safety measures: 4.7.2.1 At any time: Precautions to be followed and actions to be taken when an accident that may be expected occurs. 4.7.2.2 Wear appropriate protective clothing,
4.7.2.3 Carry radioactive monitoring equipment.
4.7.2.4 Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in places where unsealed radioactive materials are handled. 4.7.2.5 Monitoring instruments for hands, shoes and clothes, as well as wash basins and showers for decontamination should be prepared for decontamination.
4.7.2.6 Fume hoods, glove boxes and other closed and/or shielded facilities should be installed in appropriate places to reduce radioactive contamination and reduce radioactive effects to allowable levels.
4.7.2.7 Consider the degree of shielding of radioactive materials and (or the distance from radioactive materials) based on the required respiratory protection and (or) safe working time.
4.7.2.8 Any leakage must be reported to the local management immediately and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate contamination.195 The corrosive substances to be described enter the human body through the skin. Generally speaking, corrosive substances will cause immediate damage to the tissues that are in direct contact with them, and their harm is limited to this. Contact poisons are usually absorbed through the skin and enter the subcutaneous tissue, and may not immediately cause damage and sensation on the skin surface. Some substances, such as hydrofluoric acid, are both corrosive substances and contact poisons. Generally speaking, contact poisons are more dangerous than corrosive substances. Because after it enters the human body, the victim cannot immediately discover the damage.
The vapors of this type of substances can enter the human body through the skin as quickly as their liquids or solids, and can also be considered as respiratory poisons. These substances can also cause poisoning when ingested. Avoid skin contact with any organic liquid. Regardless of the nature of the chemical being handled, the sampler must wash off the contaminants on his hands. 4.4.4.2 Precautions that should be added
4.4.4.2.1 Appropriate protective equipment must be equipped and worn. These protective equipment can be divided into the following categories according to the severity of the hazard: a) impermeable protective outer clothing with gloves, boots, overshoes and gas mask; b) impermeable hoop skirt, gloves, boots and gas mask or mask; c) mask and gloves.
Note that ill-fitting boots will become a collector of splashed materials; while ill-fitting gloves will absorb or retain chemicals. 4.4.4.2.2 Provide appropriate washing facilities, preferably hot or cold showers. Before sampling, the sampler should check whether the shower is working properly and ensure that it can be used.
4.4.4.2.3 Soiled clothing should be removed immediately. 4.4.4.2.4 The sampler should be accompanied by a second person whose task is to ensure the safety of the sampler. During the sampling operation, the companion should be in a place where he can clearly see the sampling point and observe the entire sampling process. He should have received special training and know what actions to take in an emergency. Such training requires him to call the police first and not to go alone for rescue except in extremely special circumstances. 4.4.4.2.5 The installed liquid sampling valve should not leak. In case of leakage, the material should be collected in a container. A valve should also be installed to cut off the sampling point and the system. This valve should be installed near the sampling point, but not too close. 4.4.4.2.6 All sampling containers and tools should be cleaned to the extent that they can be used without sample flushing. If flushing is necessary or the sample pipeline is required to be cleaned for the first time, suitable marked containers should be prepared to hold the residual liquid and provide operating procedures for handling these residual liquids. 4.5 Corrosive and irritating substances
4.5.1 Overview
The hazards involved in this clause include the rapid action of well-known strong acids and strong bases. However, it should be noted that, unless necessary, the skin should not be exposed to any chemical. Even relatively harmless substances, such as sodium carbonate, may cause dermatitis, and some substances may cause allergies. The precautions are similar to those for contact poisoning, with particular emphasis on the use of protective goggles to protect the eyes. Strong acids and alkalis corrode quickly, so splashes should be rinsed immediately. Showers or baths must be available near the sampling point. These facilities should be protected from freezing and known to be usable before sampling. Other appropriate precautions as described in 4.4.3.2 should also be observed. 4.6 Substances that are dangerous due to their physical state 4.6.1 Overview
This clause includes substances at extremely high and low temperatures and high pressures. Generally, extremely cold and hot substances will cause damage similar to that of corrosive substances, except that this damage is actually instantaneous and rinsing is ineffective. 4.6.2 Hazards caused by the temperature of the substance should be increased. Precautions 4.6.2.1 The main thing is to prevent splashing of the eyes. www.bzxz.net
4.6.2.2 For very hot substances, heat radiation to the face and neck must be blocked, and heat radiation to the eyes should also be avoided. 4.6.2.3 Gloves or long gloves that are not easily absorbed by the substance being handled should be worn to prevent splashing on the hands. 18
GB/T 3723--1999
4.6.2.4 Aprons are required. Boots must be sturdy and have appropriate protection measures to prevent splashing materials from entering the boots. 4.6.3 Precautions that should be increased for hazards caused by pressure of materials Fluid sampling can be completed at atmospheric pressure or at system pressure. 4.6.3.1 The sampling equipment should include appropriate devices to ensure a safe flow rate at the outlet of the high-pressure system, and the aperture of the outlet should ensure that the fluid flows out at a speed that does not cause harm.
4.6.3.2 When sampling under system pressure, the sample container used should be checked regularly by competent personnel to verify whether the operating pressure of the container is consistent with the pressure marked on the container. The container must be dedicated. The connector between the container and the sampling point should be suitable for the system. The sampler should use appropriate tools to connect the container to the sampling point. And the reliability of the connection should be checked before sampling. 4.6.3.3 When the sample container is filled with liquid, appropriate space must be left. In any case, this space must not be less than 5% of the total volume at the highest temperature that may be encountered.
4.7 Radioactive Materials
4.7.1 Overview
Under normal circumstances, a certain amount of radioactive materials with potential hazards are only allowed to be handled by specially trained personnel in special places. The place should have necessary protective facilities and be guided by qualified health physicists. In any other case, radioactive materials must not be approached or handled without special and accurate guidance. 4.7.2 Provisions
Before sampling, full consideration must be given to giving all staff the following guidance and training on safety measures: 4.7.2.1 At any time: Precautions to be followed and actions to be taken when an accident that may be expected occurs. 4.7.2.2 Wear appropriate protective clothing,
4.7.2.3 Carry radioactive monitoring equipment.
4.7.2.4 Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in places where unsealed radioactive materials are handled. 4.7.2.5 Monitoring instruments for hands, shoes and clothes, as well as wash basins and showers for decontamination should be prepared for decontamination.
4.7.2.6 Fume hoods, glove boxes and other closed and/or shielded facilities should be installed in appropriate places to reduce radioactive contamination and reduce radioactive effects to allowable levels.
4.7.2.7 Consider the degree of shielding of radioactive materials and (or the distance from radioactive materials) based on the required respiratory protection and (or) safe working time.
4.7.2.8 Any leakage must be reported to the local management immediately and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate contamination.191 General
The hazards covered in this clause include the well-known rapid action of strong acids and bases. However, care should be taken not to expose the skin to any chemical unless necessary. Even relatively harmless substances, such as sodium carbonate, may cause dermatitis, and some substances may cause allergies. The precautions are similar to those for contact poisoning, with particular emphasis on the use of protective goggles to protect the eyes. Strong acids and bases corrode rapidly, so splashes should be rinsed immediately. Showers or baths must be available near the sampling point. These facilities should be protected from freezing and known to be usable before sampling. Other appropriate precautions as described in 4.4.3.2 should also be observed. 4.6 Substances Dangerous by Their Physical State 4.6.1 General
This clause covers substances at extremely high and low temperatures and at high pressures. Generally, extremely cold and hot substances will produce damage similar to that of corrosive substances, except that the damage is actually instantaneous and rinsing is ineffective. 4.6.2 Hazards due to temperature of the substance: Additional precautions 4.6.2.1 Mainly to prevent splashing of eyes.
4.6.2.2 For very hot substances, heat radiation to the face and neck must be shielded, and heat radiation to the eyes must also be avoided. 4.6.2.3 Gloves or long gloves that do not easily absorb the substance being handled should be worn to prevent splashing on the hands. 18
GB/T 3723--1999
4.6.2.4 Aprons should be worn. Boots must be sturdy and have appropriate protection to prevent splashing substances from entering the boots. 4.6.3 Hazards due to pressure of the substance: Additional precautions Sampling of fluids can be done at atmospheric pressure or at system pressure. 4.6.3.1 The sampling equipment should include appropriate means to allow a safe flow rate at the outlet of the high-pressure system, and the outlet aperture should ensure that the fluid flows out at a rate that does not cause injury.
4.6.3.2 When sampling under system pressure, the sample container used should be checked regularly by qualified personnel to verify whether the operating pressure of the container is consistent with the pressure marked on the container. The container must be dedicated. The connector between the container and the sampling point should be suitable for the system. The sampler should use appropriate tools to connect the container to the sampling point. And the reliability of the connection should be checked before sampling. 4.6.3.3 When the sample container is filled with liquid, appropriate space must be left. In any case, this space must not be less than 5% of the total volume at the highest temperature that may be encountered.
4.7 Radioactive Materials
4.7.1 Overview
Under normal circumstances, a certain amount of radioactive materials with potential hazards are only allowed to be handled by specially trained personnel in special places. The place should have necessary protective facilities and be guided by qualified health physicists. In any other case, radioactive materials should not be approached or handled without special and accurate guidance. 4.7.2 Provisions
Before sampling, full consideration must be given to giving all staff the following guidance and training on safety measures: 4.7.2.1 Precautions to be followed and actions to be taken when any possible accident occurs. 4.7.2.2 Wear appropriate protective clothing,
4.7.2.3 Carry radioactive monitoring instruments.
4.7.2.4 Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in places where unsealed radioactive materials are handled. 4.7.2.5 In order to eliminate contamination, monitoring instruments for hands, shoes and clothes, as well as wash basins and showers for eliminating radioactive contamination should be prepared.
4.7.2.6 Fume hoods, glove boxes and other enclosed and (or) shielded equipment should be installed in appropriate places to reduce radioactive contamination and reduce radioactive effects to allowable levels.
4.7.2.7 Consider the degree of shielding and/or distance from radioactive materials based on the required respiratory protection and/or safe working time.
4.7.2.8 Any leak must be reported immediately to local management and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate the contamination.191 General
The hazards covered in this clause include the well-known rapid action of strong acids and bases. However, care should be taken not to expose the skin to any chemical unless necessary. Even relatively harmless substances, such as sodium carbonate, may cause dermatitis, and some substances may cause allergies. The precautions are similar to those for contact poisoning, with particular emphasis on the use of protective goggles to protect the eyes. Strong acids and bases corrode rapidly, so splashes should be rinsed immediately. Showers or baths must be available near the sampling point. These facilities should be protected from freezing and known to be usable before sampling. Other appropriate precautions as described in 4.4.3.2 should also be observed. 4.6 Substances Dangerous by Their Physical State 4.6.1 General
This clause covers substances at extremely high and low temperatures and at high pressures. Generally, extremely cold and hot substances will produce damage similar to that of corrosive substances, except that the damage is actually instantaneous and rinsing is ineffective. 4.6.2 Hazards due to temperature of the substance: Additional precautions 4.6.2.1 Mainly to prevent splashing of eyes.
4.6.2.2 For very hot substances, heat radiation to the face and neck must be shielded, and heat radiation to the eyes must also be avoided. 4.6.2.3 Gloves or long gloves that do not easily absorb the substance being handled should be worn to prevent splashing on the hands. 18
GB/T 3723--1999
4.6.2.4 Aprons should be worn. Boots must be sturdy and have appropriate protection to prevent splashing substances from entering the boots. 4.6.3 Hazards due to pressure of the substance: Additional precautions Sampling of fluids can be done at atmospheric pressure or at system pressure. 4.6.3.1 The sampling equipment should include appropriate means to allow a safe flow rate at the outlet of the high-pressure system, and the outlet aperture should ensure that the fluid flows out at a rate that does not cause injury.
4.6.3.2 When sampling under system pressure, the sample container used should be checked regularly by qualified personnel to verify whether the operating pressure of the container is consistent with the pressure marked on the container. The container must be dedicated. The connector between the container and the sampling point should be suitable for the system. The sampler should use appropriate tools to connect the container to the sampling point. And the reliability of the connection should be checked before sampling. 4.6.3.3 When the sample container is filled with liquid, appropriate space must be left. In any case, this space must not be less than 5% of the total volume at the highest temperature that may be encountered.
4.7 Radioactive Materials
4.7.1 Overview
Under normal circumstances, a certain amount of radioactive materials with potential hazards are only allowed to be handled by specially trained personnel in special places. The place should have necessary protective facilities and be guided by qualified health physicists. In any other case, radioactive materials should not be approached or handled without special and accurate guidance. 4.7.2 Provisions
Before sampling, full consideration must be given to giving all staff the following guidance and training on safety measures: 4.7.2.1 Precautions to be followed and actions to be taken when any possible accident occurs. 4.7.2.2 Wear appropriate protective clothing,
4.7.2.3 Carry radioactive monitoring instruments.
4.7.2.4 Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in places where unsealed radioactive materials are handled. 4.7.2.5 In order to eliminate contamination, monitoring instruments for hands, shoes and clothes, as well as wash basins and showers for eliminating radioactive contamination should be prepared.
4.7.2.6 Fume hoods, glove boxes and other enclosed and (or) shielded equipment should be installed in appropriate places to reduce radioactive contamination and reduce radioactive effects to allowable levels.
4.7.2.7 Consider the degree of shielding and/or distance from radioactive materials based on the required respiratory protection and/or safe working time.
4.7.2.8 Any leak must be reported immediately to local management and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate the contamination.19
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