Rules for the presentation of graphical symbols for use on equipment—Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays(icons)
Some standard content:
ICS 01. 080. 01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T16902.4--2010
Rules for the presentation of graphical symbois for use on equipment
Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for useon screens and displays(icons)(ISO 80416-4:2005,Basic principles for graphical symbols far use on equipment-Part 4:Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for useon screens and displays(icons) displays(icons),MOD)2011-01-14 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2011-08-01Implementation
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Fields of application
4.1 Screens and displays
4.2 Auxiliary documents
5 Rules for use
5.1. General use
5.2 Icon types
Relationship between graphic symbols and icons
5.4 Color
Formation of icons
Cell size Size
Position of cell cabinet images
Line drawing
Creating icon schemes suitable for different resolutions or implementation toolsFilling areas
Recognition
Indication of arrows
Combined icons
Icon states
7.2 State indication
7.3 Dynamic icons
7.1 Dynamic icons….
Consistency··
9 Direction-
Appendix A (Informative Appendix)
Appendix B (Informative Appendix)
References
Examples of symbols as icons
Guidelines for the design of new icons
GB/T GB/T 16902.4--2010
GB/T 16902.4--2010
GB/T16902 "Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Equipment" together with GB/T15900 "General Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols", GB/T16901 "Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Product Technical Documents" and GB/T16903 "Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Signs" constitute a series of national standards guiding the design and application of graphic symbols. GB/T16902 "Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols for Equipment" is divided into 4 parts: Part 1: Prototype symbols; Part 2: Form and use of arrows; Part 3: Application guidelines; Part 4: Design guide for graphic symbols (icons) for screens and displays. This part is Part 4 of GB/T16902. This part was drafted according to the rules given in G3/T 1.12009. This part uses the redrafting method to revise the adoption of IS080416-1.2005 Basic principles for graphic symbols for equipment Part 4, Guide for redrawing graphic symbols (icons) for screens and displays. Compared with JS080416-4:2005, this part has the following structural changes: "4.3 International Standard" is not included. Compared with ISO80415-4:2005, this part has the following technical differences and reasons: In order to adapt to my country's technical conditions, the normative references in ISO80416-4:2005 are adjusted as follows: IEC60417 is replaced by GB/T5465 (all parts) which corresponds in technical content but has no adoption relationship; the normative document GB/T16273 is added; IEC80416-1 is replaced by GB/T16902.1 which corresponds in technical content but has no adoption relationship; ISO80416-2 is replaced by the modified GB/T16902.2. As my country has not yet established a complete graphic symbol registration system and related procedures, this part does not include "4.3 International Standard" in ISO 80416-4:2005.
In order to emphasize the use of graphic symbols that meet the standards, the recommended clause in 5.3.1 is changed to a requirement clause. This part makes the following editorial changes to ISO80416-42005: The clause that stipulates "adopting international standards" is changed to adopting national standards, such as "standardized graphic symbols" in 5.3.1 instead of "international standardized graphic symbols" in the source text; since the national standard GB/T16273 only partially corresponds to ISO7000, Chapter 8 retains the reference to IS07000 while adding the reference to GB/T16273; · The clauses in ISO80416-42005 related to the international commonality of icons are modified, such as Appendix B.2. This part is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Graphic Symbols (SAC/TC59). Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Light Industry Standardization Institute, China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center. The main drafters of this part are Zou Chuanyu, Bai Dian, Yang Nian, Zhang Liang, Chen Shuiquan and Shang Shuimei. GB/T16902.4—2010
Graphic symbols are visual images with graphics as the main feature and information transmission does not rely on language. Graphic symbols for equipment are widely used on equipment. When designing a family of symbols for use in the same place or on similar equipment, the consistency of the symbols is very important. When these symbols are reduced to a very small size, the visual clarity of the symbols is equally important. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the principles for forming graphic symbols for equipment to maintain the consistency of symbols and ensure the visual clarity of symbols, thereby improving the recognizability of symbols. Graphic symbols (icons) for screens and displays can reduce the complexity of software user interfaces and make software easier to learn and use. 1 Scope
Rules for the representation of graphic symbols for equipment
Part 4: Design guidelines for graphic symbols (icons) for screens and displays
GB/T 16902.4—2010
This part of GB/T16902 gives the design guidelines for graphic symbols (icons) on screens and displays. This part also stipulates the consistency principle between icons and original symbols.
This part applies to the design of icons used on various types of equipment such as electrical equipment, copiers, automotive instruments and household appliances. 2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T5465 (all parts) Graphical symbols for electrical equipment GB/T16273 (all parts) Graphical symbols for equipment GB/T16902.1 Rules for the representation of graphic symbols Graphical symbols for equipment Part 1: Prototype symbols GB/T16902.2 Rules for the representation of graphic symbols for equipment Part 2: Form and use of arrows (GB/T16902.2-2008, IS0 80416-2; 2001, MOD)
IsO7ooo Graphical symbols for use one equipment index and list (Graphical symbols for use one equipment --- Index and synopsig)
ISO/IEC11581-2 Information technology--User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 2: Object icons: (Infor-mation technology--User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 2:Object icons
ISO/IEC11581-3 Information technology - User system interfaces and symbols - Icon symbols and functions - Part 3. Pointericans
ISO/IEC11581-5 Information technology - User system interfaces and symbols - Icon symbols and functions - Part 5: Toolicans
ISO/IEC11581-6 Information technology - User system interfaces and symbols - Icon symbols and functions - Part 6: Action icons icons)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 16902.1 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 1) Corresponding user standards: GB/T 16273 (all parts) and other relevant user standards. GB/T 16902.4—2010
Anti-aliasing
A technique that adds a number of low-saturation hues between the line and the background color to reduce the jagged edges of curves and oblique lines and make the lines smoother.
Default
An option or attribute preset by the operating system or application software program that the user can change as needed. 3.3
Iconicon
A graphic symbol presented on the screen or display. Note: An icon can be static and interactive and change with user input; it can also be dynamic and change with the device status. 3,4
icon editoriconeditor
Specialized application software (or "tool\) for creating icon files.3.5
pixelpixel;pel
The smallest addressable graphic element on a screen or display. Note: The resolution of a screen display usually refers to the number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions, such as: 1024×768 pixels.4 Application areas
4.1 Screens and displays
Graphic symbols used as icons can be displayed on full-color, non-full-color and monochrome screens or displays. The size of the displayed icon depends on the specific computer software and the properties of the display technology, such as the physical size of the screen or display and the number of effective pixels. In order to ensure visual clarity, the symbol can be modified while ensuring the appearance of the original image.4.2 Auxiliary files
If the graphic symbol in the auxiliary file conveys the same information as the icon on the screen or display, the visual image of the two should be the same.5 Principles of use
5. 1- General use
Icons are widely used in software systems with graphical user interfaces. Icons can be static icons used for visual recognition, to enhance text descriptions, to start basic functions, or to open an object when the mouse is selected: or animated icons used to display the current state of the displayed object. In existing operating systems (or "platforms"), icons have various attributes and use different file types. This part of GB/T16902 does not give specific details of these attributes and file types. 5.2 Icon types
The following icon types are specified in various parts of TSO/IFC11581: - Object icons (ISO/IEC11581-2); Pointer icons (ISO/TEC 11581-3);
: Tool icons (ISO/IEC11581-5); —— Operation icons (ISO/IEC 11581-6) Note 1: Operation icons are also called toolbar icons. GB/T 16902.4—2010
Note 2: The same graphic symbol can be used in different icon types to represent similar functions. For example, the printer symbol can be used to describe a printer object, start a print action, display a printer status or an ink tray. 5.3 Relationship between graphic symbols and icons
5.3.1 Consistency
If a graphic symbol is used as both a device graphic symbol (printed or engraved) and an icon, its meaning should be consistent: standardized graphic symbols should only convey standardized meanings. 5.3.2 Use of existing graphic symbols
The symbol original image of a newly designed icon should use a graphic symbol with the same meaning as an existing standardized graphic symbol. Note: Appendix A gives an example of an existing graphic symbol being used as an icon. 5.4 Color
5.4.1 Technical considerations
The default color palette of each operating system is different. When developing or adopting an icon, it is necessary to consider the default color palette of the operating system or environment of the icon to avoid unexpected consequences. Screens or monitors using cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and liquid crystal display panels (LCDs) typically use 8-bit (i.e., 256-color) icons. Some devices, such as copiers and household appliances, may require 2-bit (monochrome) or 4-bit (16-color) icons. In a 4-bit palette, other colors can be generated by mixing different colors in the color space, that is, colors with similar hue values are set as a "checkerboard".
Only colors with similar hue values should be mixed (dithered) in space. Mixing colors with contrasting hue values will create a "checkerboard" pattern.
Icons for the web should use a palette that can be displayed normally on different browsers. 5.4.2 Use of colors
To ensure visual harmony, all possible icons should be considered. Unless there is a special reason, each icon should maintain the same color appearance and balance.
Since saturated colors are very prominent, they should be used with caution and for special purposes, such as warnings or status changes. When using standardized warning signs as icons, their color should remain unchanged (see GB/T 2893.1). Larger icons (such as 32×32 pixels) can use monochrome and gray lines to create three-dimensional effects, light effects or shadow effects. Smaller icons (such as 16×16 pixels) can use saturated colors and black outlines to make them easier to identify and understand. Note: By convention, objects or functions that are currently unavailable are displayed as gray (i.e. colorless) icons. 6 Formation of icons
6.1 Overview
Existing display devices such as cathode ray tubes (CRTs), integrated circuit displays (ICDs) and plasma display panels (PDPs) have certain requirements for the formation and display of icons: when icons are of regular display size, it may not be possible to keep the lines of a consistent width or regular length. The formation of icons can be realized by drawing techniques. The alternative is to save and display icons in the form of bitmaps. A bitmap is a block of color (representing a single pixel) within a square or rectangular grid (cell). Different versions of icons are required to fit the cell sizes and palettes supported by the standard operating system. If no icons of the appropriate size are provided, the operating system may automatically resize the existing icons by adding or removing the average number of rows and columns of the pixel array to the required cell size. This process often leads to unexpected adverse consequences, so it is advisable to create separate versions for the required different sizes.
Note: Some operating systems can identify the effective screen resolution and palette and combine cells of different sizes appropriately to fit the current screen resolution. It is common for an icon file to contain 8 versions of different cell sizes and palettes. For design guidelines for new icons, see Appendix B.
6.2 Cell Sizes
The cell sizes of some icon types should follow the existing operating system rules. Common icon sizes are: 64×64 pixels, 48×48 pixels, 32×32 pixels, 16×16 pixels, and 8×8 pixels. Sometimes, 24×24 pixel icons are used, but this is not common. The final display size of the icon depends on the physical size of the display and the color palette used, such as: 640×480 pixels (4-bit palette); 800×600 pixels (8-bit palette); 1024×768 pixels (24-bit palette), etc. 6.3 Positioning of Graphic Images in Cells
When determining the position of images in cells, the following operating system requirements should be considered: Some systems require images to be left-aligned and bottom-aligned in cells; some systems require images to be horizontally centered in cells and bottom-aligned to the baseline;
Adjacent icons should not be visually connected, and sufficient space should be left between the outer edges of the image and the cell to avoid this situation; whether adjacent icons appear to be connected depends on many factors, such as the positioning method and storage settings of the operating system; some operating systems require blank (transparent) areas around images to show the status of objects (such as available, selected, unavailable during operation, etc.), so the size of the image may be smaller than the design size of other operating systems. 6.4 Line Drawing
6.4.1 Visual Quality of Lines
: When drawing lines with a width of one pixel or two pixels, it is not always possible to keep the width of diagonal lines constant or the thickness of curves constant. Anti-aliasing techniques can improve visual quality. 6.4.2 Diagonal Lines
Horizontal and vertical lines have a constant width, but it is difficult for diagonal lines to maintain the same visual thickness. For example, a diagonal line that matches a straight line with a width of two pixels needs to have a width of three pixels, as shown in Figure 1. 4
Figure 1 Example of diagonal line width (enlarged size and original size) GB/T16902.4--2010
Only diagonal lines of 11.5°, 22.5°, 45.0°, 67.5° and 78.5 can have a regular appearance, that is, the pixel values change in steps at a ratio of 1:3, 1:2.11.2:1 and 3:1, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Example of regular diagonal lines (enlarged size and original size) 6.4.3 Curves
One way to make the line width more regular is to carefully eliminate aliasing using similar colors, but the lines may appear blurred, and this method is only effective when the line edge color and the screen background color are fixed. The left side of the circle shown in Figure 3 has been anti-aliased, while the right side has not been processed.
GB/T16902.4—2010
Figure 3 Anti-aliasing example (large size and original size) 6.5 Create icon schemes suitable for different resolutions or implementation tools Icons with simple appearance are easier to recognize and understand. One recommended approach is to design icons within a relatively large cell size (such as 48×48 pixels), and the main elements should not exceed 3. Another approach is to limit the minimum number of elements required to ensure that these elements are suitable for the smallest icon size; then a larger version can be prepared with more details: Some icon editing tools can scale a given image to a new cell size. This tool is useful and saves time, but the resulting image still needs further editing. As the cell size increases, more details can be added to the object, or the number of elements of the object can be increased to make the icon more visually rich. As the cell size decreases, it is recommended to reduce the number of elements or reduce the details, as shown in Figure 4.
Note: Take GB/T 5465.2(5773)*Electronic image, interlaced\ as an example. Figure 432×32, 24×24, 16×16 pixel icon examples (enlarged and original sizes)6.6 Filled area
When using symbols for screens and displays, the integrity of the original symbol should be maintained. Display technology provides new options for distinguishing the parts of a symbol from the surrounding area. For example, each part of a symbol can be filled with a different color, while the area around the symbol can be transparent.
6.7 Recognition
When a graphic symbol is used as an icon, the overall combination should be considered to ensure that each part can be generally recognized, especially when the details are reduced as the cell size decreases. 6.8 Representation of arrows
GB/T16902.2 stipulates the basic principles for the use of arrows and their proportions. All icons designed for the same program or platform should use arrows of the same form. Figure 5 is an example of using the same arrow. Note: Take B/T5465.2 (5067) Image Resizing (left) and GB/T5165.2 (5081) Producer/Transmitter (right) as examples. Figure 5 Examples of arrows used in icons (enlarged size and original size) 6.9 Combined icons
6.9.1 Overview
There are few icons consisting of a single element. Usually, it may be necessary to combine several graphic elements to make the icon convey information more clearly and clearly.
If possible, combined icons should be based on standardized graphic symbol elements, such as negative elements and arrows (see GB/T16902.1 and GB/T 16902. 2).
6.9.2 Layering elements
When presenting multiple objects or elements, overlapping parts of the image may be necessary to maintain the appropriate size of the graphic symbol and to clarify the relationship or order between the elements. This can be achieved by overlapping the effective cell area of each element so that it overlaps obliquely. In order to maintain the independence of each element and highlight the main elements, special attention should be paid to which parts of the image should be hidden or displayed, which parts should be prioritized or emphasized, for example, which parts should be at the top of the visual hierarchy (as shown in Figure 6). Note: Conversely, the main feature will affect the design of smaller or "small" icon solutions for other resolutions or implementation tools, which may require "refining" of the design structure.
GB/T 16902.4—2010
Note: The icon on the left is composed of two symbols: IS07000(0709)\Dual source/major fault\ and IS07000(0655) "Number of devices\. The icon on the right is composed of two symbols: GB/T5465.2 (5440) "reducible timer, general symbol" and GB/T3465.2 (5127) "speaker working in the field".
Figure 6 Example of stacking structure (enlarged size and original size) When stacking graphic elements, avoid visual "agglomeration" caused by visual overlap of lines or shapes of different objects. This problem can be avoided by stacking lines according to a single pixel or increasing the line spacing, as shown in Figure 7. Note: Helped by ISO7000 (2026)" Figure 7 Examples of "agglutinated" and "non-agglutinated" graphic elements (enlarged size and original size) 6.9.3 Rules for continuous lines
When designing icons containing multiple elements, it is advisable to avoid the phenomenon of "continuity" (that is, the lines of one element are close to the lines of another element in the same direction, and the overlapping lines seem to run through the two elements, forming a visual connection). This visual effect is not desirable. This situation can be avoided by reasonably overlapping or offsetting objects, as shown in Figure 8.5. Create icon schemes that are suitable for different resolutions or implementation tools. Simple-looking icons are easier to recognize and understand. One recommended approach is to design icons within a relatively small cell size (such as 48×48 pixels), and the number of main elements should not exceed 3. Another approach is to limit the number of required elements to ensure that these elements fit into the smallest icon size; then you can create a larger version with more details: Some icon editing tools can scale a given image to a new cell size. This tool is useful and saves time, but the resulting image still needs further editing. As the cell size increases, you can add more details to the object or increase the number of elements of the object to make the icon more visually rich. As the cell size decreases, it is recommended to reduce the number of elements or reduce the details, as shown in Figure 4.
Note: Take GU/T 5465.2(5773)*Electronic image, interlaced\ as an example. Figure 432×32, 24×24, 16×16 pixel icon examples (enlarged and original sizes)6.6 Filled area
When using symbols for screens and displays, the integrity of the original symbol should be maintained. Display technology provides new options for distinguishing the parts of a symbol from the surrounding area. For example, each part of a symbol can be filled with a different color, while the area around the symbol can be transparent.
6.7 Recognition
When a graphic symbol is used as an icon, the overall combination should be considered to ensure that each part can be generally recognized, especially when the details are reduced as the cell size decreases. 6.8 Representation of arrows
GB/T16902.2 stipulates the basic principles for the use of arrows and their proportions. All icons designed for the same program or platform should use arrows of the same form. Figure 5 is an example of using the same arrow. Note: Take B/T5465.2 (5067) Image Resizing (left) and GB/T5165.2 (5081) Producer/Transmitter (right) as examples. Figure 5 Examples of arrows used in icons (enlarged size and original size) 6.9 Combined icons
6.9.1 Overview
There are few icons consisting of a single element. Usually, it may be necessary to combine several graphic elements to make the icon convey information more clearly and clearly.
If possible, combined icons should be based on standardized graphic symbol elements, such as negative elements and arrows (see GB/T 16902.1 and GB/T 16902. 2).
6.9.2 Layering elements
When presenting multiple objects or elements, overlapping parts of the image may be necessary to maintain the appropriate size of the graphic symbol and to clarify the relationship or order between the elements. This can be achieved by overlapping the effective cell area of each element so that it overlaps obliquely. In order to maintain the independence of each element and highlight the main elements, special attention should be paid to which parts of the image should be hidden or displayed, which parts should be prioritized or emphasized, for example, which parts should be at the top of the visual hierarchy (as shown in Figure 6). Note: Conversely, the main feature will affect the design of smaller or "small" icon solutions for other resolutions or implementation tools, which may require "refining" of the design structure.
GB/T 16902.4—2010
Note: The icon on the left is composed of two symbols: IS07000(0709)\Dual source/major fault\ and IS07000(0655) "Number of devices\. The icon on the right is composed of two symbols: GB/T5465.2 (5440) "reducible timer, general symbol" and GB/T3465.2 (5127) "speaker working in the field".
Figure 6 Example of stacking structure (enlarged size and original size) When stacking graphic elements, avoid visual "agglomeration" caused by visual overlap of lines or shapes of different objects. This problem can be avoided by stacking lines according to a single pixel or increasing the line spacing, as shown in Figure 7. Note: With the help of ISO7000 (2026) Figure 7 Examples of "agglutinated" and "non-agglutinated" graphic elements (enlarged size and original size) 6.9.3 Rules for continuous lines
When designing icons containing multiple elements, it is advisable to avoid the phenomenon of "continuity" (that is, the lines of one element are close to the lines of another element in the same direction, and the overlapping lines seem to run through the two elements, forming a visual connection). This visual effect is not desirable. This situation can be avoided by reasonably overlapping or offsetting objects, as shown in Figure 8.5. Create icon schemes that are suitable for different resolutions or implementation tools. Simple-looking icons are easier to recognize and understand. One recommended approach is to design icons within a relatively small cell size (such as 48×48 pixels), and the number of main elements should not exceed 3. Another approach is to limit the number of required elements to ensure that these elements fit into the smallest icon size; then you can create a larger version with more details: Some icon editing tools can scale a given image to a new cell size. This tool is useful and saves time, but the resulting image still needs further editing. As the cell size increases, you can add more details to the object or increase the number of elements of the object to make the icon more visually rich. As the cell size decreases, it is recommended to reduce the number of elements or reduce the details, as shown in Figure 4. Www.bzxZ.net
Note: Take GU/T 5465.2(5773)*Electronic image, interlaced\ as an example. Figure 432×32, 24×24, 16×16 pixel icon examples (enlarged and original sizes)6.6 Filled area
When using symbols for screens and displays, the integrity of the original symbol should be maintained. Display technology provides new options for distinguishing the parts of a symbol from the surrounding area. For example, each part of a symbol can be filled with a different color, while the area around the symbol can be transparent.
6.7 Recognition
When a graphic symbol is used as an icon, the overall combination should be considered to ensure that each part can be generally recognized, especially when the details are reduced as the cell size decreases. 6.8 Representation of arrows
GB/T16902.2 stipulates the basic principles for the use of arrows and their proportions. All icons designed for the same program or platform should use arrows of the same form. Figure 5 is an example of using the same arrow. Note: Take B/T5465.2 (5067) Image Resizing (left) and GB/T5165.2 (5081) Producer/Transmitter (right) as examples. Figure 5 Examples of arrows used in icons (enlarged size and original size) 6.9 Combined icons
6.9.1 Overview
There are few icons consisting of a single element. Usually, it may be necessary to combine several graphic elements to make the icon convey information more clearly and clearly.
If possible, combined icons should be based on standardized graphic symbol elements, such as negative elements and arrows (see GB/T 16902.1 and GB/T 16902. 2).
6.9.2 Layering elements
When presenting multiple objects or elements, overlapping parts of the image may be necessary to maintain the appropriate size of the graphic symbol and to clarify the relationship or order between the elements. This can be achieved by overlapping the effective cell area of each element so that it overlaps obliquely. In order to maintain the independence of each element and highlight the main elements, special attention should be paid to which parts of the image should be hidden or displayed, which parts should be prioritized or emphasized, for example, which parts should be at the top of the visual hierarchy (as shown in Figure 6). Note: Conversely, the main feature will affect the design of smaller or "small" icon solutions for other resolutions or implementation tools, which may require "refining" of the design structure.
GB/T 16902.4—2010
Note: The icon on the left is composed of two symbols: IS07000(0709)\Dual source/major fault\ and IS07000(0655) "Number of devices\. The icon on the right is composed of two symbols: GB/T5465.2 (5440) "reducible timer, general symbol" and GB/T3465.2 (5127) "speaker working in the field".
Figure 6 Example of stacking structure (enlarged size and original size) When stacking graphic elements, avoid visual "agglomeration" caused by visual overlap of lines or shapes of different objects. This problem can be avoided by stacking lines according to a single pixel or increasing the line spacing, as shown in Figure 7. Note: With the help of ISO7000 (2026) Figure 7 Examples of "agglutinated" and "non-agglutinated" graphic elements (enlarged size and original size) 6.9.3 Rules for continuous lines
When designing icons containing multiple elements, it is advisable to avoid the phenomenon of "continuity" (that is, the lines of one element are close to the lines of another element in the same direction, and the overlapping lines seem to run through the two elements, forming a visual connection). This visual effect is not desirable. This situation can be avoided by reasonably overlapping or offsetting objects, as shown in Figure 8.2(5464)\ Satellite reception mode, general symbol ". Figure 7 Examples of "agglutinated" and "non-agglutinated" graphic elements (enlarged size and original size) 6.9.3 Rules for continuous lines
When designing icons containing multiple elements, it is advisable to avoid the phenomenon of "continuity" (that is, the lines of one element are close to the lines of another element in the same direction, and the lines seem to run through the two elements when overlapped, forming a visual connection). This visual effect is not desirable. This situation can be avoided by reasonably overlapping or offsetting objects, as shown in Figure 8.2(5464)\ Satellite reception mode, general symbol ". Figure 7 Examples of "agglutinated" and "non-agglutinated" graphic elements (enlarged size and original size) 6.9.3 Rules for continuous lines
When designing icons containing multiple elements, it is advisable to avoid the phenomenon of "continuity" (that is, the lines of one element are close to the lines of another element in the same direction, and the lines seem to run through the two elements when overlapped, forming a visual connection). This visual effect is not desirable. This situation can be avoided by reasonably overlapping or offsetting objects, as shown in Figure 8.
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