Some standard content:
GB/T15497—2003
GB/T15497—2003 "Technical Standard System of Enterprise Standard System" is one of the series of standards of enterprise standard system. The structure of this series of standards is as follows:
-GB/T15496-2003 "Requirements of Enterprise Standard System";---GB/T15497—2003 "Technical Standard System of Enterprise Standard System";---GB/T15498—2003 "Management Standard and Work Standard System of Enterprise Standard System";---GB/T19273-2003 "Evaluation and Improvement of Enterprise Standard System". This standard replaces GB/T15497-1995 "Composition and Requirements of Technical Standard System of Enterprise Standard System". The enterprise technical standard system is the main body of the enterprise standard system and the technical basis for enterprises to organize production, technology, operation and management. When revising this standard, the relevant requirements of the enterprise standard system and GB/T19001-2000 "Quality Management System Requirements", GB/T24001-1996 "Environmental Management System Specifications and User Guide", GB/T28001-2001 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specifications" and other standards were taken into consideration, so that enterprises can better integrate with these management systems when establishing and implementing enterprise standard systems. The enterprise technical standard system is mainly based on technical standards related to quality, including energy, safety, occupational health, environment, information and other technical standards.
This standard describes the basic elements for establishing an enterprise technical standard system. Enterprises can appropriately tailor various elements or standards according to specific circumstances such as product types, production characteristics, and consumer needs. Compared with GB/T15497-1995 "Composition and Requirements of Enterprise Standard System Technical Standard System", the main changes of this standard are as follows: the original standard name is changed to "Enterprise Standard System Technical Standard System"; a.)
b) expand the scope of application of this standard, and change "applicable to industrial enterprises" to "applicable to enterprises of various types and sizes"; make major revisions to the content of the enterprise technical standard system table, and merge "technical standards for public facilities and environmental sanitation conditions", "technical standards for process equipment" and "technical standards for equipment" into "technical standards for equipment, infrastructure and process equipment"; c.)
"Technical Standard for Packaging" and "Technical Standard for Handling, Storage and Labeling" are merged into "Technical Standard for Packaging, Handling, Storage and Labeling"; d) In the basic requirements for the formulation and revision of technical standards, add "the technical standards and requirements for occupational health, safety and environmental management should meet the requirements of GB/T28001 and GB/T24001 for the content of technical documents"; e) In order to expand the standard to the software and service industries on the basis of guiding industrial enterprises to establish enterprise technical standards, this standard adds the formulation requirements for software and service industry standards in product standards, process technical standards and after-sales service technical standards. This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Standardization. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Enterprise Standardization Branch of the China Association for Standardization. Drafting units of this standard: China Association for Standardization, Fujian Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Enterprise Standardization Branch of China Association for Standardization, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Beijing Railway Bureau Taiyuan Railway Branch, Haier Group.
The main drafters of this standard are Gao Qinghuo, Chen Wei, Yuan Huanan, Zhang Qinghua, Song Fenghua, Jia Zili, Xu Xinzhong, Liu Xiaogang, Yang Minqiang, Zhao Zuming and Wu Nan.
This standard was first issued in 1995 and this is the first revision. 1 Scope
Enterprise standard system Technical standard system
This standard specifies the structure, format and formulation and revision requirements of the enterprise technical standard system. This standard is applicable to enterprises of various types and sizes. GB/T15497—2003
The requirements specified in this standard are universal. Different types of enterprises can appropriately tailor the requirements according to product types and production characteristics. Tailoring cannot affect the requirements of the enterprise's responsibilities for providing products and applicable laws and regulations and the systematicness and effectiveness of the enterprise's technical standard system. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated referenced documents, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T1.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules of standards (ISO/IECDirectives, Part 3, 1997, Rules for the structure and drafting of International GB/T1.2 Guidelines for Standardization Part 2: Methods for Determining the Content of Normative Technical Elements in Standards GB/T13017 Guidelines for the Preparation of Enterprise Standard System Tables GB/T16901 (all parts) Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols Graphical Symbols for Product Technical Documents GB/T16902 (all parts) Rules for the Representation of Graphical Symbols Graphical Symbols for Equipment GB/T19001 Requirements for Quality Management Systems (idtISO9001:2000) GB/T19022 Quality Assurance of Measuring Equipment
GB/T20001 (all parts) Rules for the Preparation of Standards GB/T24001 Specifications for Environmental Management Systems and Guidelines for Use (idtISO14001:1996) GB/T28001 Specifications for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Technical Standard technical standard
Standards formulated for technical matters that need to be coordinated and unified in the field of standardization. 3.2
Technical standard systemTechnical standards within the enterprise are a scientific and organic whole formed by their internal connections. It is a component of the enterprise standard system. 4 Composition of the technical standard system
4.1 Overview
The standards that constitute the technical standard system include national standards, industry standards, local standards adopted and implemented by the enterprise and technical standards formulated by the enterprise. All technical standards should be formed under the guidance of standardization laws and regulations, various relevant regulations and enterprise policies and objectives and the "Enterprise Standardization Management Measures".
4.2 Structural form of the technical standard system
4.2.1 Sequence structure
GB/T15497-—2003
When an enterprise only produces a single type of product, the enterprise technical standard system can be represented by a sequence structure, as shown in Figure 1. The technical standard system with a sequence structure includes technical standards arranged in the order of product quality formation process and technical standards such as energy, safety, occupational health, environment, and information.
Technical basis standards
Information technology standards
Environmental technical standards
Occupational health
Technical standards
Safety technical standards
Design technical standards
Energy technical standards
Product standards
Purchasing technology
Process technical standards (operation,
operation, maintenance procedures)
(software, hardware, process materials, services)Service technical standards
Installation, delivery
Technical standards
Semi-finished products (medium Note: The technical standard system with a sequential structure is generally centered on products (software, hardware, process materials, services). The technical standards related to product quality are arranged in the order of the quality formation process, and technical standards such as energy, safety, occupational health, environment, and information are considered at the same time. Figure 1 The sequential structure of the enterprise technical standard system 4.2.2 Hierarchical structure When an enterprise produces more than two types of products, it can be represented by a hierarchical structure, as shown in Figure 2. Technical foundation standards
Design technical standards
Purchase technology
Building technology (China
Technical standards
Products (China
? Delivery
Technical standards
Service technology
Safety technology
Note 1.The various technical standards in this system table represent the sum of technical standards of this type involved in various products produced within the enterprise. Environmental technical standards Information technology standards Note 2 The first level of the hierarchical technical standard system is the technical foundation standard, which covers the enterprise's product standards and all comprehensive technical foundation standards in the product realization process. The technical foundation standard is the basis for guiding the formulation of enterprise product standards and technical standards in the product realization process. Note 3: The second level of technical standards in the product realization process is the technical standards and energy, safety, occupational health, environment, information and other technical standards in the order of product quality formation process.
Figure 2 Hierarchical structure of enterprise technical standard system 5 Basic requirements for the formulation and revision of technical standards
5.1 Standards included in the enterprise technical standard system are technical documents that should be strictly implemented in the implementation of the enterprise quality management system, occupational health and safety management system and environmental management system, and enterprises must strictly implement them. 5.2 Enterprise technical standards should comply with the requirements of relevant national standardization laws, regulations and mandatory standards. 5.3 Enterprise technical standards should comply with relevant national and industry technical foundation standards. 2
GB/T 15497—2003
5.4 The content and requirements of technical standards related to quality shall meet the requirements of GB/T19001 for the content of technical documents. 5.5 The content and requirements of technical standards related to occupational health, safety and environmental management shall meet the requirements of GB/T28001 and GB/T24001 for the content of technical documents.
5.6 The requirements of enterprise technical standards shall be systematic, coordinated, unified and feasible. 5.7 The form of enterprise technical standards may be paper, computer disk, CD or other electronic media, photos, standard samples or their combination. The form of enterprise technical standards may be standards, specifications, procedures, codes, operation cards, work instructions, etc. 5.8 The enterprise technical standard system table shall be compiled when establishing the enterprise technical standard system. The standard system table may be compiled with reference to the concepts, principles, requirements and methods specified in GB/T13017.
6 Structure and format of technical standards
6.1 The structure and format of enterprise product standard texts can refer to the provisions of GB/T1.1. 6.2 The structure and format of procedures, specifications, codes, operation cards, and work instructions can also be in accordance with the relevant industry guidance standards. 7 Technical basic standards
7.1 Overview
Technical basic standards are standards that serve as the basis for other standards within a certain range and are widely used and have broad guiding significance. Enterprise technical basic standards are the basis for enterprises to formulate technical standards, management standards, and work standards within the scope of the enterprise. 7.2 Contents of technical basic standards
7.2.1 Guidelines for standardization work.
Guidelines for standardization work refer to guiding documents that guide enterprises to carry out standardization work. Including: a) Standard structure and writing rules, such as GB/T1.1; b)
Standard writing rules, such as GB/T20001;
Methods for determining the content of normative technical elements in standards, such as the relevant provisions of GB/T1.2; c
General writing regulations for various standards, such as the relevant provisions of GB/T1.1; d)
When GB/T1.1 cannot meet the special needs of enterprises, standard writing regulations can be formulated, such as: writing regulations for enterprise technical standards. e)
7.2.2 General technical language standards.
Standards formulated to make technical language unified, simplified and accurate, so as to facilitate mutual communication and correct understanding and improve work efficiency. Including:
Terminology standards.
Terminology standards generally stipulate term definitions (or explanatory notes) and corresponding foreign names. Including: comprehensive terminology standards used nationwide;
2) terminology standards used in the industry;
enterprise terminology standards. When there are no national standards or industry standards, the production technology and management terminology standards commonly used by enterprises can be formulated according to GB/T20001.1.
b) Symbol, code, code, and mark standards. c) Technical drawing standards.
1) Enterprises should directly adopt the general technical drawing standards and drawing standards with industry characteristics issued by the state. 2) For some graphics, symbols, codes or marks that need to be unified in production and technology but have no current national standards, enterprises can formulate enterprise drawing standards according to GB/T16901~16902. 7.2.3 Quantity and unit standards.
For the national standards of quantity and unit, enterprises can directly adopt them, or select some contents according to their needs and convert them into enterprise standards.
7.2.4 Numerical and data standards.
GB/T 15497--2003
Numerical and data standards should include:
a) Determination and expression standards for various limit values in production and operation; b) Standards containing characteristic values and data tables. 7.2.5 Interchangeability and accuracy standards and standards for achieving serialization. 7.2.6 General standards for environmental protection and safety. 7.2.7 General technical guidance rules or guidelines for various professions. 7.3 Methods for compiling technical basic standards
7.3.1 Collection
Enterprises should collect the following relevant basic standards: a) Comprehensive basic standards used nationwide; b) General basic standards used in the industry;
c) General basic standards used in professions.
7.3.2 Conversion
Enterprises can generally directly quote technical basic standards, or they can select some of the contents and convert them into enterprise standards or regulations according to their needs for internal use.
7.3.3 Method of incorporating into the enterprise technical standard system The method of incorporating the basic standards in national standards and industry standards into the enterprise standard system is: a) For national and industry basic standards, enterprises can first centrally incorporate their numbers and names into an enterprise standard, and then incorporate the standard text into the enterprise technical standard system; directly write the numbers and names of national and industry basic standards into the enterprise standard system table, and then incorporate the standard text into the enterprise b)
technical standard system.
7.3.4 Numbering of enterprise technical basic standards
Double numbering can be used for the applicable basic standard texts incorporated into the enterprise technical standard system. That is, on the basis of the original numbering of national and industry basic standards, the enterprise standard number is added according to the position of the standard in the enterprise standard system to indicate the position of the basic standard in the enterprise standard system, which is convenient for searching. The technical basic standards formulated by the enterprise are directly numbered according to their position in the enterprise standard system. 7.4 Requirements for the formulation of enterprise technical basic standards
Complete and effective enterprise technical basic standards should be established. The national or industry basic standards that have a guiding and restrictive effect on the formulation of enterprise technical standards or can guide the production technology of the enterprise should be included in the enterprise technical basic standard system. If there are no national or industry basic standards, enterprises can formulate their own enterprise technical basic standards. 8 Design technical standards
8.1 Overview
Design technical standards are standards formulated to ensure and improve the quality of product design. 8.2 Contents of design standards
The contents of design standards include:
-Design symbols, codes, and terminology standards; -Product safety, environmental and other regulatory requirements and international practices; -Design criteria;
-Professional design specifications;
-Design parameters and data standards;
-Design calculation method standards;
-Design engineering construction and acceptance specifications; -Test methods and acceptance rules used to evaluate products and processes in design; 4
Computer-aided design;
-Format and numbering standards for design drawings and documents -Integrity requirements for design documents.
8.3 Requirements for the formulation of design standards
8.3.1 Design standards shall meet the requirements of applicable laws, regulations and mandatory standards. 8.3.2 Product design standards shall meet the functional and performance requirements of products. GB/T15497-2003
8.3.3 In the design standards, clear and appropriate provisions shall be made for important quality characteristics of products, such as acceptance and rejection criteria, and product characteristics necessary for product safety and normal use shall also be specified. 8.3.4 Design standards shall ensure that products can be easily produced, verified and controlled under production, installation and use operating conditions. 8.3.5 If necessary, design standards can be compiled into enterprise design manuals for use by enterprise designers. 8.3.6 According to product characteristics, standard parts and general parts manuals can be compiled and computer-aided design databases can be established. 9 Product Standards
9.1 Overview
Product standards refer to technical regulations for product structure performance, specifications, quality characteristics and inspection methods. They can specify the requirements that a product or a series of products should meet to determine their suitability for use. Products can be software, hardware, process materials or services. 9.2 Classification of product standards
Based on their functions, product standards can be divided into product delivery standards and product standards used within the enterprise. 9.2.1 Product delivery standards
9.2.1.1 Product delivery standards refer to the basis for product production, delivery inspection, acceptance and arbitration inspection, and are the product quality responsibility commitments of the production enterprise to consumers and society.
9.2.1.2 Product delivery standards must be legal standards that meet the requirements of the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China". Product delivery standards should comply with:bzxz.net
a) Mandatory national standards and industry standards; b) Local standards related to safety and health requirements; recommended national standards, industry standards, and local standards that the enterprise declares to implement; c)
Note: Enterprise declaration refers to the standards adopted on the product or its packaging, the product declaration, instruction manual, quality certificate, shipping list, delivery note, and label.
d) Enterprise product standards. Including:
1) Enterprise product standards formulated when there are no national standards, industry standards or local standards for products; 2) Enterprise product standards formulated by enterprises to improve product quality and enhance market competitiveness, which are stricter than national standards, industry standards or local standards and used as the basis for delivery; 3) Enterprise product standards that supplement national standards, industry standards or local standards and are used as the basis for delivery. 9.2.2 Product standards used within enterprises
refer to "internal control standards" formulated by enterprises to ensure and improve product quality, which are stricter than national standards, industry standards, local standards or registered enterprise product standards. This standard is only used for internal quality control of enterprises and is not used as a basis for delivery. When the enterprise delivers or the national quality supervision department determines whether the quality is qualified, the enterprise product delivery standard is still used as the basis. The state encourages enterprises to formulate "internal control standards" that are stricter than product delivery standards. Enterprises can formulate product standards for use within the enterprise as needed, and state in the "scope" of the standard that the standard is used as the basis for product factory inspection or product quality internal control. 9.3 Requirements for the formulation of product standards
9.3.1 The content of product standards shall meet the requirements of laws and regulations related to the product. 9.3.2 The basic principles, requirements and methods for the preparation of product standards can refer to the requirements of GB/T1.1 and GB/T1.2. 9.3.3 The content of product standards shall meet the requirements specified by the customer, including the requirements for delivery and post-delivery activities. 5
GB/T 15497—2003
9.3.4 Although the customer has not explicitly stated, the content of product standards shall also meet the requirements necessary for the specified product use or known intended use.
9.3.5 It should facilitate rather than hinder the development of technology, mainly specify product performance requirements, and not specify product design requirements and manufacturing process requirements.
9.3.6 The content of product standards shall meet the requirements of mandatory standards related to the product. For products with national, industrial or local mandatory standards, their product standards must be strictly implemented. Food product standards should include two parts: product technical performance and safety and sanitation requirements, such as food technical performance requirements and limits on biological harmful substances, chemical substances, and radioactive substances that are harmful to human health. 9.3.7 According to different product uses, enterprises can classify and grade quality in product standards to meet different needs. 9.3.8 Numbering requirements for product standards in the enterprise standard system: a) The code and numbering method of enterprise product standards shall be compiled in accordance with regulations, and the standard sequence number can directly adopt the position number of enterprise product standards in the enterprise technical standard system.
b) Product standards that adopt national standards, industry standards, and local standards can adopt dual numbering, and the numbering method is the same as 7.3.4. 9.3.9 Software and service enterprises should formulate service standards and service provision standards, and specify the level and requirements that a certain service and service provision should achieve. For example, quantitative and qualitative quality indicator requirements should be specified in combination with the characteristics of the service project, including functional, economic, safety, comfort, time and civilization requirements.
10 Technical Standards for Procurement
10.1 Overview
Technical standards for procurement refer to the standards formulated for the quality requirements of purchased raw materials, auxiliary materials, fuels, spare parts, components, etc. (hereinafter referred to as purchased materials) used in the production process of enterprise products. 10.2 Contents of procurement standards
The contents of single procurement standards generally include;
a) Quality requirements for procurement
The quality requirements for procurement should specify the quality standards applicable to the purchased materials (such as quality characteristics, varieties, specifications, and grades). The quality requirements for procurement can refer to national standards, industry standards, local standards, enterprise product standards, or directly specify specific technical requirements. Technical requirements for outsourced parts should be specified. b) Rules for incoming goods acceptance
The incoming goods acceptance rules must be specified for the purchased materials to check whether the quality of the purchased materials meets the specified quality requirements and purchase conditions. The incoming goods acceptance items can be all or part of the original factory standard quality inspection items of the purchased materials. The quality inspection items, quantity, time interval or frequency of incoming goods acceptance can be specified according to the needs and possibilities, but the quality characteristics of the inspected materials must be carefully selected.
Test methods
Corresponding test methods should be specified for the items of incoming goods acceptance. d) Storage precautions
Mainly specify the storage matters and storage period of purchased materials in the warehouse, as well as the provisions for the isolated storage of unqualified purchased materials. If there are no special requirements for the storage of purchased materials, they can be specified in the warehouse management standards. 10.3 Requirements for the formulation of procurement technical standards
10.3.1 Procurement standards should ensure proper control of purchased materials to prevent the use of unqualified supplies. 10.3.2 When formulating procurement standards, special attention should be paid to the optimization, compression and selection of the varieties and specifications of purchased raw materials. 10.3.3 When approving procurement standards, the review of their accuracy and completeness should be strengthened. 10.3.4 When determining the rules for incoming goods acceptance, the impact on costs and the impact of unqualified purchased goods on the quality of the production process should be considered. 10.3.5 If necessary, the enterprise can compile some commonly used quality standards for purchased materials into a purchase manual or material manual for the purchasing department and the inspection department as a basis for the acceptance of purchased materials and incoming goods. 6
11 Process technology standards (operation, operation, and maintenance procedures) 11.1 Overview
GB/T 15497---2003
Process technology standards refer to the technical requirements for processing, assembly, equipment operation, and maintenance of raw materials and semi-finished products during the product realization process, as well as the standards formulated for service provision.
11.2 Classification of process standards
Process standards can be divided into the following categories:
a) General process standards;
b) Process regulations, operating regulations, operation regulations, maintenance regulations, work instructions, service provision specifications (hereinafter referred to as process regulations); process control standards for raw materials, auxiliary materials and parts before production;
d) Process standards for special processes;
e) Computer-aided process information interface standards. 11.3 General process standards
General process standards include:
a) Process terminology standards;
b) Process symbol and code standards;
c) Process classification and coding standards;
d) Process document standards;
e) Process allowance standards.
11.4 Process regulations
11.4.1 Expression of process regulations
Depending on the industry, process regulations can be operating procedures, running procedures, maintenance procedures, work instructions or service provision specifications. 11.4.2 Contents of process regulations
The contents of process regulations in different industries are different, generally including: a) The content of process regulations of mechanical processing enterprises, such as special process regulations, general process regulations and standard process regulations; b)
Single process regulations of process production enterprises, such as process flow, process formula, process parameters or quality indicators; c) The service provision specifications of service enterprises stipulate the methods and means of providing services, such as the facilities required in the service provision process, c) Equipment, materials and other material resources and service provision technologies and procedures. Process control standards for raw materials, auxiliary materials and parts before production 11.5
For raw materials, auxiliary materials and parts before production, corresponding process standards should be formulated according to production needs as the basis for quality control before production, and the required number of tests and inspections should be determined after considering the impact on costs and the impact of unqualified purchased materials on the production process. If the quality requirements before material delivery are inconsistent with the procurement quality standards, they should be specified separately. If they are consistent, the procurement quality standards can be directly adopted. 11.6 Process standards for special processes
Refers to the standards formulated for the technical requirements of processes that are difficult to measure or cannot be measured economically or whose operation and maintenance require special skills, and are part of the process specifications.
11.7 Requirements for the formulation of process technical standards
11.7.1 According to the flexible and changeable characteristics of the process, except for a few national standards or industry standards with strong universality, most process standards should be formulated in combination with the characteristics of the enterprise.
11.7.2 The process regulations, operating procedures, operation procedures, maintenance procedures, work instructions and service provision specifications should clearly specify the operating procedures and methods to successfully complete the requirements of product standards and process standards. Generally, the preparation before technical operation, the general steps of operation, precautions during operation, the basic quality requirements for cleaning the operating environment and equipment, and the safety regulations for the equipment and tools used should be specified. 11.7.3 When formulating service provision specifications and determining the interfaces of each work stage, no blanks or gaps should be left. 11.7.4 Process standards should be formulated for all processes in the production process. Process standards can generally be formulated according to processes and arranged in the order of product realization processes7
GB/T 15497—2003
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11.7.5 The enterprise should first clarify the production and installation processes that directly affect the quality, and after determination, the corresponding process standards should be formulated. 11.7.6 The process control specifications (especially process quality indicators) of each process should be coordinated with the product quality standards. 11.7.7 When formulating process standards for special processes, special environment, temperature, time or other factors that affect quality should be taken into consideration. 11.7.8 Enterprises should actively introduce and transform relevant process standards or specifications of foreign enterprises to improve the process level of enterprises. 12 Technical standards for semi-finished products (intermediates, semi-finished products, components) 12.1 Overview
Technical standards for semi-finished products refer to the standards formulated for the quality requirements that semi-finished products that have completed one or several production stages in the production process, have passed the inspection, and are still to be processed or assembled should meet. 12.2 Technical standards for semi-finished products in the production process Semi-finished products in the production process should have semi-finished product quality standards formulated as the quality basis for process control. 12.3 Technical standards for single semi-finished products
The content of single semi-finished product standards generally includes: quality requirements, test methods, inspection rules, storage and handling requirements, etc. for semi-finished products. 12.4 Semi-finished products entering the circulation field
If semi-finished products enter the circulation field as products at the same time, enterprise product standards should be formulated and filed, and included in the product standard subsystem.
13 Technical standards for equipment, infrastructure and process equipment 13.1 Overview
Technical standards for equipment, infrastructure and process equipment refer to the standards formulated according to the requirements of product standards for the technical conditions of enterprise production equipment, infrastructure, working environment and process equipment and the quality requirements that should be achieved after equipment maintenance. 13.2 Equipment standards
Equipment standards include the following:
a) Technical standards for purchased equipment and its main accessories. Before purchasing equipment, the technical standards for purchased equipment should be collected or compiled to ensure that the purchased equipment can meet production requirements. When purchasing, the supplier should be required to provide equipment standard information. After the equipment is put into use, its standard information should be archived. b) Technical standards for self-made equipment.
Equipment technical standards should be formulated for self-made equipment. Its standard text should be included in the enterprise standard system. Technical standards for spare parts, electronic components and wearing parts of equipment. Enterprises should formulate technical standards for commonly used spare parts, wearing parts and electronic components of equipment. If there are superior standards for commonly used spare parts, enterprises should collect and list the relevant standard catalogs. If the equipment supplier has provided a spare parts atlas list and technical conditions, it can be used as a technical standard. If there are no standards, atlases and lists, enterprises should formulate spare parts technical standards on their own. d) Equipment maintenance procedures.
Refers to the maintenance of equipment during operation and the various technical requirements that should be followed when performing various repairs, which should be included in the equipment technical standards.
Equipment lubrication standards.
Enterprises should formulate equipment lubrication standards, which generally include the type, brand, quality characteristics, lubrication points, amount of lubricant added, lubrication cycle, etc. of equipment lubricants.
f) Equipment operating procedures.
13.3 Infrastructure standards
refers to technical standards formulated for the quality requirements of infrastructure (such as workplaces, process equipment (hardware and software), transportation, communications, etc.) and working environment (such as production hygiene conditions, temperature, humidity, cleanliness related to product quality) that play an important role in product quality characteristics. 8
13.4 Process equipment standards
GB/T 15497--2003
refers to standards formulated for the structure, size, specification, material, precision and other requirements of various tools (including tools, fixtures, molds, and workstations) in the product manufacturing process.
Contents of process equipment standards include:
a) standards for fixtures, molds, tools and tool samples; b) standards for fixture and mold parts;
c) standards for process flow equipment;
d) standards for process equipment design specifications and numbering methods, etc. 13.5 Requirements for the formulation of technical standards for equipment, infrastructure and process equipment 13.5.1 Technical standards for equipment and process equipment should specify their precision and deviation requirements. 13.5.2 The precision standards for equipment in use may be different from the technical requirements specified by the original equipment manufacturer, but must meet the technical requirements of the production process to ensure the processing quality of production. 13.5.3 When formulating standards for equipment and process equipment, technical requirements such as equipment integrity, cleanliness, and precision should be considered. 13.5.4 Enterprises should promote the standardization, generalization, and combination of process equipment such as fixtures, molds, and workstations, reasonably compress the variety and specifications of tools, and formulate standards.
13.5.5 Equipment technical standards - Generally, they can be formulated separately according to the variety and category of equipment. Similar equipment can formulate "equipment general technical standards", but high-precision equipment or important special production equipment should formulate equipment technical standards separately. 14 Technical standards for inspection, acceptance and test methods 14.1 Overview
Technical standards for inspection, acceptance and test methods refer to the method standards formulated for sensory inspection, physical and chemical inspection, sampling inspection and analytical inspection or acceptance of production process control indicators for the quality of finished products, semi-finished products, raw materials, auxiliary materials, etc. 14.2 Contents of inspection, acceptance and test method standards 14.2.1 Test method standards
The content of test method standards generally includes the collection or preparation of samples, reagents or standard samples, test instruments, test conditions, procedures, calculation and evaluation of results, etc.
Test method standards should first adopt national standards, industry standards or local standards. In the absence of applicable standards, test method standards can be formulated by themselves.
In order to meet production needs, enterprises can formulate rapid analysis methods for use in production process quality control. If they are to be used as test method standards for product factory inspection, they must have scientific test comparison data to prove their effectiveness and feasibility before they can be put into operation, but they cannot be used as arbitration inspections.
14.2.2 Inspection and Acceptance Standards
14.2.2.1 The contents of inspection or acceptance standards generally include: sampling location, sampling method, test method, spot check frequency, determination of inspection results, re-inspection rules, etc. of the inspection items.
14.2.2.2 Inspection and Acceptance Standards Requirements include: a) Inspection or Acceptance Standards for Purchased Materials: Standards formulated to determine the quality of purchased raw and auxiliary materials, fuels, spare parts, and components when they enter the factory for acceptance. The quality characteristics of the inspected materials should be carefully selected, the inspection items should be determined, and the inspection standards for purchased materials should be formulated based on the impact of the purchased materials on the quality of the finished products and their proportion in the product cost. b) Process Inspection Standards: Inspection standards formulated to determine the quality of the quality indicators of each process in the production process or before the semi-finished products are transferred to the next process. The quality characteristics of the inspected items and the necessary inspection and inspection frequency should be determined based on the importance of the product quality characteristics in the production process and the complexity of the inspection, and specified in the process inspection standards. Inventory Inspection Standards: Inspection standards formulated to determine the quality of inventory products. c
d) Finished product inspection standard: Inspection standard established to determine the quality of the final finished product. This standard should be determined according to product standards or contract requirements9
GB/T15497-2003
, and should ensure that the quality of batch products meets the product quality requirements. 15 Technical standards for measuring, inspection and test equipment 15.1 Overview
Technical standards for measuring, inspection and test equipment refer to standards established for the quality requirements and use methods of measuring, inspection and test equipment (hereinafter referred to as measuring equipment).
15.2 Contents of measuring equipment standards
Contents of measuring equipment standards include:
a) Performance of measuring equipment, specifying the environmental conditions, range, offset, stability, resolution, uncertainty and other quality requirements of measuring equipment.
b) Technical specifications for the use of measuring equipment (including the method and scope of use). The verification procedures and calibration specifications of measuring equipment specify the time interval or calibration status of verification and calibration, as well as the procedures for adjustment, re-verification after repair, c
calibration, installation and use. The procedures and specifications are statutory metrological technical documents and a form of standard. 15.3 Requirements for the formulation of technical standards for measuring equipment Technical standards for measuring equipment should make provisions for the following aspects: 15. 3. 1
All measuring equipment should be metrologically confirmed; a)
b) The measurement uncertainty and calibration time interval of various measuring equipment in production control should be specified and calibrated or verified at the specified time interval so that its value can be traced back to the national or international metrological standard; c) Measuring equipment must be recalibrated after maintenance and necessary adjustments; when the above-mentioned standards do not exist, the enterprise should prepare and record the calibration specifications in documents on its own; d)
Take measures such as sealing to prevent adjustments that cause calibration and verification failure; e)
f) Specify clear signs to identify the calibration status and prevent incorrect use; g) Specify technical measures to prevent damage to measuring equipment during transportation, storage and use; when computer software is used for measurement, inspection and testing, its ability to meet the intended purpose should be confirmed. Confirmation should be carried out before the first use h)
and reconfirmed if necessary.
When there is no national or industry calibration method for measuring equipment, the enterprise can formulate calibration specifications, publish and implement them in the form of enterprise standards, 15.3.2
to meet the needs of measuring equipment maintenance. However, after the corresponding national or industry calibration specifications are published, the enterprise calibration specifications should be abolished (see GB/T 19022).
16 Technical standards for packaging, handling, storage and marking 16.1 Overview
Technical standards for packaging, handling, storage and marking refer to standards formulated for the safety and management needs of products in packaging, storage, transportation and sales, with the relevant matters of packaging, handling, storage and marking as the object. 16.2 Contents and requirements of packaging standards
16.2.1 General packaging standards
Enterprises generally adopt general packaging standards or product packaging labels stipulated by the state and industry, and can also formulate enterprise packaging standards based on product characteristics and GB/T1.1.
16.2.2 Packaging test method standards
Packaging test method standards should comply with relevant regulations. 16.2.3 Packaging material and packaging container standards generally include the following provisions:
a) Packaging material standards should be reasonably specified according to packaging technical requirements. When there are current national and industry standards, relevant standards can be cited; when there are no current applicable standards, the types, specifications and performance indicators of packaging materials and packaging containers should be specified;10
b) Packaging material standards for packaged food and medicines should specify requirements such as cleanliness and hygiene; GB/T 15497—2003
c) When there are appearance requirements for packaging containers, regulations should be made in the standards, such as indicators such as surface defects and color uniformity; d) Packaging containers with special requirements should also specify technical requirements for compression resistance, mildew resistance or rust resistance. 16.2.4 Product packaging quality standards
Product packaging quality standards refer to standards for quality requirements, test methods and inspection rules for product packaging. 16.2.4.1 Requirements for the formulation of product packaging quality standards generally include:
a) Technical requirements for product packaging should be proposed based on the level of product packaging and user requirements; b) Technical requirements specified in product packaging quality standards should be able to be verified by test methods. When there are applicable test method standards, the relevant applicable standards should be adopted. When there are no applicable standards, the corresponding test methods should be specified in the product packaging quality standards. 16.2.4.2 The content of product packaging quality standards generally includes:
a) Packaging measurement value: specify the quantity, quality and volume of the contents; b) Packaging method;
c) Packaging protection: specify the support, padding, cushioning and other protection methods used and the performance and use requirements of their materials; d) Accompanying documents: specify the content of accompanying documents. 16.3 Technical standards for handling
16.3.1 Technical standards for handling (including handling within the enterprise and product transportation out of the factory) generally include:
a) Technical standards for transmission devices, loading and unloading, stacking, and handling machinery between processes within the enterprise; b) Technical requirements for transportation and transportation tools (means) after the product leaves the factory. 16.3.2 Requirements for the formulation of handling standards
For handling within the enterprise, standards for handling operation methods to prevent damage or deterioration should be formulated, and special attention should be paid to the provisions on the handling methods and methods of perishable, flammable, explosive and other harmful items
The transportation and loading and unloading requirements for product transportation out of the factory should comply with the provisions of relevant national transportation regulations. According to the characteristics of the product, the following transportation requirements can be stipulated: a) Specify the mode of transportation, such as railway, road, water, air, pipeline, etc.; b) Specify the transportation conditions, such as awning, sealing, pressure, insulation, ventilation, stacking height, and safety and health measures; c) Specify the loading and unloading requirements according to the characteristics, size, volume and shape of the product. 16.4 Purchasing and storage standards
16.4.1 Storage standard contents
Generally include technical requirements for the storage mode, method, conditions, and period of the product. 16.4.2 Requirements for the formulation of other storage standards
Clear provisions should be made for the storage, conditions, methods, and period of the product, especially for toxic, perishable, flammable, explosive, radioactive and other products, corresponding special requirements should be stipulated.
16.5 Marking standards
16.5.1 Product marking technical standard contents
Generally include provisions for labels, nameplates, marks or signs (such as safety signs, transportation signs, operation signs, grounding signs, etc.). 16.5.2 Packaging and transportation marking standard contents
Mainly include:
a) Packaging and storage pictorial marking standards;
b) Dangerous goods packaging marking standards;
c) Transport packaging receipt and delivery marking standards;3 The standards for packaging materials and packaging containers generally include the following provisions:
a) The standards for packaging materials should be reasonably specified according to the packaging technical requirements. When there are current national and industry standards, relevant standards can be cited; when there are no current applicable standards, the varieties, specifications and performance indicators of packaging materials and packaging containers should be specified; 10
b) The standards for packaging materials for packaging food and medicines should specify requirements such as cleanliness and hygiene; GB/T 15497-2003
c) When there are appearance requirements for packaging containers, regulations should be made in the standards, such as indicators such as surface defects and color uniformity; d) Packaging containers with special requirements should also specify technical requirements for compression resistance, mildew resistance or rust resistance. 16.2.4 Product packaging quality standards
Product packaging quality standards refer to standards for quality requirements, test methods and inspection rules for product packaging. 16.2.4.1 Requirements for the formulation of product packaging quality standards generally include:
a) Technical requirements for product packaging should be proposed based on the level of product packaging and user requirements; b) Technical requirements specified in product packaging quality standards should be able to be verified by test methods. When there are applicable test method standards, the relevant applicable standards should be adopted. When there are no applicable standards, the corresponding test methods should be specified in the product packaging quality standards. 16.2.4.2 The content of product packaging quality standards generally includes:
a) Packaging measurement value: specify the quantity, quality and volume of the contents; b) Packaging method;
c) Packaging protection: specify the support, padding, cushioning and other protection methods used and the performance and use requirements of their materials; d) Accompanying documents: specify the content of accompanying documents. 16.3 Technical standards for handling
16.3.1 Technical standards for handling (including handling within the enterprise and product transportation out of the factory) generally include:
a) Technical standards for transmission devices, loading and unloading, stacking, and handling machinery between processes within the enterprise; b) Technical requirements for transportation and transportation tools (means) after the product leaves the factory. 16.3.2 Requirements for the formulation of handling standards
For handling within the enterprise, standards for handling operation methods should be formulated to prevent damage or deterioration, and special attention should be paid to the provisions on the handling methods and methods of perishable, flammable, explosive and other harmful items.
The transportation and loading and unloading requirements for product transportation out of the factory should comply with the provisions of relevant national transportation regulations. According to the characteristics of the product, the following transportation requirements can be stipulated: a) Specify the mode of transportation, such as railway, road, water, air, pipeline, etc.; b) Specify the transportation conditions, such as awning, sealing, pressure, insulation, ventilation, stacking height, and safety and health measures; c) Specify the loading and unloading requirements according to the characteristics, size, volume and shape of the product. 16.4 Purchasing and storage standards
16.4.1 Storage standard contents
Generally include technical requirements for the storage mode, method, conditions, and period of the product. 16.4.2 Requirements for the formulation of other storage standards
Clear provisions should be made for the storage, conditions, methods, and period of the product, especially for toxic, perishable, flammable, explosive, radioactive and other products, corresponding special requirements should be stipulated.
16.5 Marking standards
16.5.1 Product marking technical standard contents
Generally include provisions for labels, nameplates, marks or signs (such as safety signs, transportation signs, operation signs, grounding signs, etc.). 16.5.2 Packaging and transportation marking standard contents
Mainly include:
a) Packaging and storage pictorial marking standards;
b) Dangerous goods packaging marking standards;
c) Transport packaging receipt and delivery marking standards;3 The standards for packaging materials and packaging containers generally include the following provisions:
a) The standards for packaging materials should be reasonably specified according to the packaging technical requirements. When there are current national and industry standards, relevant standards can be cited; when there are no current applicable standards, the varieties, specifications and performance indicators of packaging materials and packaging containers should be specified; 10
b) The standards for packaging materials for packaging food and medicines should specify requirements such as cleanliness and hygiene; GB/T 15497-2003
c) When there are appearance requirements for packaging containers, regulations should be made in the standards, such as indicators such as surface defects and color uniformity; d) Packaging containers with special requirements should also specify technical requirements for compression resistance, mildew resistance or rust resistance. 16.2.4 Product packaging quality standards
Product packaging quality standards refer to standards for quality requirements, test methods and inspection rules for product packaging. 16.2.4.1 Requirements for the formulation of product packaging quality standards generally include:
a) Technical requirements for product packaging should be proposed based on the level of product packaging and user requirements; b) Technical requirements specified in product packaging quality standards should be able to be verified by test methods. When there are applicable test method standards, the relevant applicable standards should be adopted. When there are no applicable standards, the corresponding test methods should be specified in the product packaging quality standards. 16.2.4.2 The content of product packaging quality standards generally includes:
a) Packaging measurement value: specify the quantity, quality and volume of the contents; b) Packaging method;
c) Packaging protection: specify the support, padding, cushioning and other protection methods used and the performance and use requirements of their materials; d) Accompanying documents: specify the content of accompanying documents. 16.3 Technical standards for handling
16.3.1 Technical standards for handling (including handling within the enterprise and product transportation out of the factory) generally include:
a) Technical standards for transmission devices, loading and unloading, stacking, and handling machinery between processes within the enterprise; b) Technical requirements for transportation and transportation tools (means) after the product leaves the factory. 16.3.2 Requirements for the formulation of handling standards
For handling within the enterprise, standards for handling operation methods should be formulated to prevent damage or deterioration, and special attention should be paid to the provisions on the handling methods and methods of perishable, flammable, explosive and other harmful items.
The transportation and loading and unloading requirements for product transportation out of the factory should comply with the provisions of relevant national transportation regulations. According to the characteristics of the product, the following transportation requirements can be stipulated: a) Specify the mode of transportation, such as railway, road, water, air, pipeline, etc.; b) Specify the transportation conditions, such as awning, sealing, pressure, insulation, ventilation, stacking height, and safety and health measures; c) Specify the loading and unloading requirements according to the characteristics, size, volume and shape of the product. 16.4 Purchasing and storage standards
16.4.1 Storage standard contents
Generally include technical requirements for the storage mode, method, conditions, and period of the product. 16.4.2 Requirements for the formulation of other storage standards
Clear provisions should be made for the storage, conditions, methods, and period of the product, especially for toxic, perishable, flammable, explosive, radioactive and other products, corresponding special requirements should be stipulated.
16.5 Marking standards
16.5.1 Product marking technical standard contents
Generally include provisions for labels, nameplates, marks or signs (such as safety signs, transportation signs, operation signs, grounding signs, etc.). 16.5.2 Packaging and transportation marking standard contents
Mainly include:
a) Packaging and storage pictorial marking standards;
b) Dangerous goods packaging marking standards;
c) Transport packaging receipt and delivery marking standards;
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