General rules of using percentiles of the body dimensions for products design
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General rules of using percentiles of the body dimensions for producty design
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB/T 1298591
This standard specifies the general rules of using percentiles of the body dimensions for producty design. This standard applies to producty design.
2 Referenced standards
B 8975 Anthropometric terminology
G1 5703 Anthropometric method
GB10000 Chinese adult human body dimensions
3 Terminology
3.1 User population user population all persons who use the product for which it is designed. 3.2 Percentile of the body dimension percentile is a position indicator, a boundary value, expressed by a symbol. --The total observations of the sample of a percentile characteristic group are divided into two parts, K% of the observations are equal to or less than it, and (100K)% of the observations are greater than it. When human body size is expressed in percentiles, it is called human body size percentile.
3.3 Satisfactian
refers to how many people can use the designed product in terms of size, expressed as the percentage of people who use it appropriately in the user group. 3.4 Functional correction value The size correction made to the human body size percentile as the basis for product size design in order to ensure the realization of a certain function of the product.
3.5 Psychalogical correction value The size correction made to eliminate the sense of spatial oppression, fear or to pursue psychological needs such as beauty. 3.6 The smallest functional dimension of product The minimum dimension of product set to ensure the realization of a certain function of the product. 3.7 The optimal functional dimension of product The dimension of product set to facilitate and comfortably realize a certain function of the product. 4 Product dimension design classification 4.1 Type * product dimension design requires two human body dimension percentiles as the basis for the upper and lower limits of the dimension, which is called type product dimension design. Also known as double limit value design approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision in 1991-0608 and implemented in 1992-03-1. 4.2 Type I product dimension design GB/T12985-91 requires only one human body dimension percentile as the basis for the upper or lower limit of the dimension, which is called type II product dimension design. Also known as single limit value design.
4.2.11 Type A product size design
Only one percentile of human size is needed as the basis for the upper limit of size, which is called Type IA product size design: also known as large size design
4.2.2 Type B product size design
Only one percentile of human size is needed as the basis for the lower limit of size, which is called Type III product size design. Also known as small size design. 4.3 Type I product size design
Only the 50th percentile (P product) is needed as the basis for product size design, which is called Type II product size design. Also known as average size design.
5 Selection of human size percentile
5.1 When designing the size of a product, for products involving human health and safety, products 99 and 100 should be used as the basis for the upper and lower limits of size. At this time, the satisfaction is 98%. For general industrial products, P and P should be used as the basis for the upper and lower limits of size. At this time, the satisfaction is 90%. 5.2 When designing the dimensions of type A products, for products involving human health and safety, P or Pg should be selected as the basis for the upper limit of the size, and the satisfaction is 99% or 95%; for general industrial products, Pgm should be selected as the basis for the upper limit of the size, and the satisfaction is 90%. 5.3 When designing the dimensions of type IB products, for products involving human health and safety, P or P should be selected as the basis for the lower limit of the size, and the satisfaction is 99% or 95%; for general industrial products, P0 should be selected as the basis for the lower limit of the size, and the satisfaction is 90%. 5.4 When designing the dimensions of type IⅡl products, Psa should be selected as the basis for product dimension design. 5.5 When designing the dimensions of products for both adult men and women, according to the criteria of 5.1 to 5.3, Pag, Pas or Pan for men should be selected as the basis for the upper limit of the size; P or P for women should be selected as the basis for the lower limit of the size. 6 Setting of product functional dimensions
Product minimum functional dimensions-human size small percentile tens functional correction quantity. Product optimal functional dimensions-human size percentiles-functional correction quantity-psychological correction quantity. A1I type product dimension design
GB/T 1298591
Appendix A
Product dimension design classification examples
(reference)
Example 1: When designing the adjustable seat of a car driver, in order to make the driver's eyes in the best position, obtain a good field of vision, and conveniently operate the steering wheel and brake, a tall driver can adjust the seat lower and back, and a short driver can adjust the seat higher and forward. Therefore, the determination of the height adjustment range of the seat needs to take the eye height and u as the upper and lower limit values; the determination of the front and rear adjustment range of the seat needs to take the hip distance Pg and P as the upper and lower limit values. Example 2: When formulating the size series of adult shoes, in order to determine how many shoe sizes should be produced, P% and P of the adult female foot length should be taken as the basis for the upper and lower limits. When setting the height of the door, as long as the needs of tall people are taken into consideration, there will be no problem for short people to use it, so the height is taken as the basis for the upper limit. Example 2: In order to determine the safe distance that can be reached by anti-expansion, the reachable distance of the corresponding limbs of the person should be taken as the basis for the upper limit. Example: When determining the fence structure, mesh structure or perforated plate structure used in the workplace, the mesh and hole diameters should be taken as the basis for the thickness of the corresponding limbs of the person as the basis for the lower limit. A4HI product size design
Example 1: When designing the height of the door handle or lock hole from the ground, and the height of the switch on the wall of the room from the ground, only one height is determined for people of different body shapes, so the height should be taken as the basis for product size design. Example 2: When the factory can only produce one size specification of the product in the original size series due to limited production capacity, the P product of the corresponding human body size is also taken as the design basis. Appendix B
Example of correction amount
【Reference
B1 Function correction amount
B1:1 Necessity of functional correction amount
First, because the values listed in GB10000 are the results of naked measurements, when using them in product size design, the height change caused by wearing shoes and the circumference and thickness changes caused by wearing clothes should be considered. Secondly, when measuring the human body, the torso is required to take an upright posture, but when people are working normally, the torso takes a naturally relaxed posture, so the changes caused by different postures should be considered. Finally, the correction amount is required to ensure the realization of the function of the product. The total of these correction amounts is the functional correction amount. B1.2 Functional correction amount example
If the clothing correction amount, the height when sitting, clothing height, shoulder height, and sitting height plus 6mm, chest thickness plus 10mm, hip-knee distance plus 20mm. GB/T1298591
Shoe correction amount: body distance, eye height, shoulder height, elbow height for men plus 25 mm,For women, add 20 mm. Posture correction: When standing, the height of the body and eyes minus 10 mm. When sitting, the height limit minus 44 mm. When determining the layout of various controllers, the front extension of the upper limbs should be used as the basis, but the front extension of the upper limbs is the distance from the back to the middle finger. Therefore, the different operating functions of pressing buttons, pushing slide buttons, and moving the switch should be adjusted as follows: press minus 12 mm, push and move minus 25 mm.
When designing shoes, the length of the inner sole of the shoe should be longer than the length of the foot: · The longer part is called the margin. For shoes of different materials, styles and structures, there should be different margins to ensure that the foot will not be "pained" when walking. For the size design of shoes, the margin is the functional correction. Various allowances are as follows:
Men's front permeable plastic sandals
Men's lemon cloth shoes
Men's leather shoes
Men's liberation shoes (rubber shoes)
+10 mm
+14 mm
The functional correction is usually the end value, but sometimes it may be a negative value. For example, the chest circumference functional correction of a knitted stretch shirt takes a negative value. B1.3 Method for determining functional correction The functional correction is usually obtained by experimental methods. For example, when determining the functional correction of Jiefang shoes, a series of Jiefang shoes for experiments were made. Their insole margins ranged from 10 to 18 mm. Some pre-selected subjects with similar foot lengths were asked to try them on one by one. Then the test results were statistically analyzed to find the margin required to avoid the feeling of "touching toes". B2 Psychological correction Example 1: When designing the height of the guardrail, for working platforms with a height of 5000 to 5000 mm, as long as the height of the guardrail slightly exceeds the height of the human body's center of gravity, no falling accidents caused by the high center of gravity of the human body will occur. For platforms with higher heights, when operators are next to the guardrails on such high platforms, their feet will feel "sore and soft", and their palms and armpits will feel "cold". People with acrophobia may even fall down, and their inner Therefore, only by raising the height of the handrail can the above psychological obstacles be overcome. This additional heightening can best be classified as a "psychological correction amount". Example 2: When determining the length and width of a toilet with a lower toilet, the lower toilet length and the maximum lower toilet width should be used as the dimensions, and the increase in size caused by the thickness of clothes and the change caused by the necessary actions when going to the toilet should be added as the functional correction amount. However, at this time, the door of the toilet is almost as tight as a door, which makes people feel a "sense of spatial oppression" psychologically. Therefore, a psychological correction amount should be added. Example 3: In the example of B1.2, the functional correction amounts of various shoes are given, but shoes attach great importance to the beauty of style. Such a small margin makes the shape of the shoes less beautiful, so a psychological correction amount needs to be added... an extra length. As a result, various beautiful shoe varieties have evolved: a. Plain leather shoes: margin +14mm, extra length +2mm; b. Three-section leather shoes: margin +14mm mm, overlength + ll mm: tennis shoes (rubber shoes): allowance + 14mm, overlength 2mm. The psychological correction is also obtained by experimental methods. According to the test of the subjects trying on the test shoes with different overlengths, the scoring results of the subjects' soil evaluation scale are statistically analyzed to obtain the psychological correction. 1. Minimum functional dimensions of products
GB/T 12985-·91
Appendix C
Example of setting functional dimensions of products
(reference)
Example: When designing the lowest floor of a boat, the height of men Pg is 1775mm (16~35cm), the heel height correction is 25mm, and the minimum height margin is 90mm. Therefore, the lowest floor height of the boat is 1775-(25 + 90) = 1890 mmC2 Product Optimal Functional Dimensions
Example: When designing the optimal floor height of a ship, the height of a man is Pg 1775mm, the correction amount of heel height is 25mm, the height margin is 90mm, and the psychological correction amount of height is 115mm. Therefore, the maximum floor height of the ship is 1775+25+90)+1152005mm=2000mm.
Additional Notes:www.bzxz.net
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Human Ergonomics Standardization. This standard was drafted by the Institute of Industrial Psychology of Hangzhou University and Hangzhou Normal University. The main drafters of this standard are Xi Zhenhua, He Kang and.
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