GB 4654-1984 General technical requirements for silicon carbide, zircon sand and ceramic infrared radiation heaters
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Technical Specifications on Silicon Carbide and Zircon Ceramlc Infrared HeaterUDC 621.365 : 535
GB 4654—84
This standard is applicable to electric infrared heaters (hereinafter referred to as heaters) based on silicon carbide and zircon ceramics. As energy-saving products, heaters have been widely used in heating equipment below 600℃ in industries such as industry and agriculture. Type, specification and basic parameters
1.1 Type structure
Heater type - generally divided into plate, tube and lamp. The main structural schematic diagrams of its typical products are listed in Figures 1 to 3: Figure 1 Plate heater
—Radiation plate substrate: 2·-Electric heating wire: 3—Frame channel, 4—Insulation material, 5—Strong wire column888888608
Figure 2 Tubular heater
1—Radiation tube substrate,? 1—Heating wire, 3—Reflecting sheet, 4—Wiring flower National Bureau of Standards 1984-08-20 Issued
1985-05-01 Implementation
GB 4654--84
Figure 3 Lamp-shaped heater
1—Heating wire 2—Heating wire, 3—Radiant tube substrate, 4—Reflecting cover Type code, characteristics, naming
Type code Characteristics
Model naming
Type code
Feature code
Type code
Ceramic substrate, take the first element of its molecular formula
Said
For example: SiBb——- represents a corrugated plate-shaped silicon carbide ceramic infrared radiation heater: ZrG-
represents a tubular armored sand ceramic infrared radiation heater. 1.3 Typical specifications of plate and tubular substrates
Characteristic code
Plate substrate: (length × width)
For example: 240×160 (mm)
300 × 200 (mm):
330×240 (mm)
Tubular substrate: (outer diameter × length)
For example: Φ20×(200～1200) (mm)Φ25 ×(200 ~1200) (mm)
Φ30 ×(200 ~1200) (mm).
1.4 Rated parametersbZxz.net
Rated voltage
GB 4654—84
Power density of the radiation surface
[W/cm2]
Radiation surface area
≥773
1.5 Heaters of the types, specifications, dimensions and rated parameters specified in this standard shall also be produced and accepted in accordance with the technical conditions formulated in this standard.
2 Technical conditions
2.1 The heater shall comply with the requirements of this standard and be manufactured according to the drawings and documents approved by the prescribed procedures. 2.2 The gasket shall be able to work under the following conditions 2.2.1 The atmosphere and relative visibility shall not exceed 85%. 2.2.2 The working environment shall be free of corrosive gases and liquids such as strong acids and strong alkalis. 2.2.8 The allowable range of the working voltage is 180~240V. 2.3 Dimensions
The maximum gap between the bottom surface of the radiation substrate and the reference plane shall not exceed 3mm; the maximum gap between the bottom surface of the plate heater (i.e. the red component) and the reference plane of 2.3.1
shall not exceed 2mm. 2.8.2 The straightness of the axis of the base of the tubular and lamp heaters shall not exceed the following specified errors: 0.5% of the total length for less than 200mm t
0.7% of the total length for between 200 and 500mm
0.8% of the total length for more than 500mm.
2.3.3 The wall thickness of the tubular and lamp heaters shall be uniform, and the maximum roundness error of the end face or cross section shall not exceed 0.03Dmm (D is the outer diameter of the radiation tube).
2.4 Appearance
The radiating surface of the heater shall have no obvious defects, and the base shall not crack. The metal shell shall have no corrosion spots, and the wiring shall not be loose or fall off. 2.5 Cold insulation resistance
The cold insulation resistance of the heater should not be less than 2 megohms (M product). 2.6 Hot insulation resistance
GB 4654-B4
The hot insulation resistance of the heater should not be less than 0.5 megohms (M2). 2.7 Cold and hot alternation resistance
The test piece prepared according to the specified size should not peel off or crack after three consecutive cold and hot alternation resistance tests. 2. Power error
Under the rated working voltage, the allowable error of the measured power of the heater should not exceed 5% of the rated power. 2. Thermal response time
The time from power on at room temperature to the time when the radiating surface of the heater reaches the rated temperature and is basically stable should not exceed 20 minutes for plates and tubes, and should not exceed 12 minutes for lamps.
2.10 Spillover ratio
1. For plate heaters in a stable state, the ratio of the radiant surface temperature (°C) to the back temperature of the heater (°C) should not be less than 3.11.
The reflectivity of the reflector cover of tubular and lamp-shaped heaters should be greater than 0.70. 2.11 Uniformity of radiant surface temperature
The non-uniformity of the radiant surface temperature of the heater should not exceed 20%. 2.12 Spectral emissivity e1
The spectral emissivity e of the heater with a wavelength in the range of 2.5 to 15 microns (um) should be given at least. When the test value of each batch of products is compared with the reference value, the maximum negative deviation of ea should not exceed 0.05. 2.18 Normal total emissivity e
The normal total emissivity e of the heater should not be less than 0.832.14 Anti-cysticity
The packaged heater should be able to withstand an acceleration of 30m/s, a frequency of 80 to 120 times/min, and a color test lasting 2h. The heater is required to be free of cracks, breakage, and damage to the packaging. 2,16 Working life
The working life of the heater, when used at rated power, shall not be less than 2000h. 2. 6 Radioactivity
The content of radioactive elements in the radiation material or matrix shall comply with the relevant provisions of the national standards. a Test method (Appendix A)
4 Inspection rules
4.1 The heater must be inspected and qualified by the technical inspection department of the manufacturer, and accompanied by product quality certification documents and product instructions. 4.2 The test methods for heaters are divided into factory tests and type tests. 4.3 Delivery test
The delivery test of heaters is carried out in two groups.
4.8.1 The heater should be inspected piece by piece according to the technical requirements of Articles 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 of this standard. 4.8.2 The factory sampling inspection shall be carried out according to the technical requirements of Articles 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10 and 2.11 of this standard, and the sampling rate shall be 1% of the total number.
4.4 Type test
In the following cases, type test shall be carried out and shall meet all technical requirements specified in this standard. 4.4.1 When the trial production of new products is completed,
4.4.2 After the normal product has been produced continuously for half a year, 4.4, when the design, process and materials are changed and the production is stopped and resumed.
GB4654-84
This test is divided into two groups, heater and substrate. The number of samples for each test should not be less than 3. 4.5 If one of the sampled products or substrate samples does not meet any of the specified indicators during the type test, double the number of products or substrate samples should be drawn from a batch of products for further testing. If there are still pieces that do not meet the requirements, the batch of products is considered unqualified. 5 Marking, packaging, purchase and storage
6.1 Marking
A label should be affixed to the heater housing and marked with: 5.1.1 Heater model, specification, name, 6.1.2 Registered trademark approved through the prescribed procedures 5.1.3
Heater's working voltage, rated power +
Manufacturer's name, year and month.
The heater's packaging box should be able to ensure that the product will not be damaged during transportation. 5.2.2
Product instructions The instruction book, factory certificate and packing list should be packed into the box together with the heater. The packing list should indicate the manufacturer's name, address, model, specification, name, packing date, and packing personnel's name or number. The packaging box should be marked with obvious and non-fading words such as "Handle with care" and "Protect from rain and moisture". 5.3 Storage The heater should be stored in a ventilated and dry place, and heavy pressure should be strictly prevented. It is strictly forbidden to stack it in the open air. 4.1 Dimensional inspection (Sec. 2.3)
GB4654—84
Appendix A
Test method
(reference)
Flatness inspection of plate heaters and radiant substrates: Take the platform as the reference plane, place the test piece on the platform, and use a feeler gauge to measure the minimum clearance between the bottom surface of the test piece and the reference plane. Straightness inspection of the center axis of the substrate of tubular and lamp-shaped heaters: Place the substrate on the reference plane, use a feeler gauge to measure the most serious bending part of the substrate, read the maximum value, and calculate it according to the total length self-division ratio, which should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.2. Roundness inspection: According to the method of GB1958-80 "Shape and Position Tolerance Inspection Regulations" (Roundness Error Inspection 3—·3). D is the basic (nominal) size of the substrate outer diameter. A.2 Determination of cold and hot insulation resistance (Articles 2.5 and 2.6) Cold state:
Measure with a 500V megohmmeter at a temperature of 20±5℃ and a relative humidity of no more than 85%. Hot state:
Power on and heat to a stable state, maintain for 30 minutes, then cut off the power supply, and measure with a 500V megohmmeter within 15 seconds. Measuring position:
Any position between the electrode and the shell or any position between the electrode and the substrate. The data should take the minimum value measured. A8 Cold and hot alternating resistance test (Article 2.7) Place 3 100×100×12mm substrates (radiant panels are cut according to this size) or 3 radiant tube (lamp) substrate samples with a length of 150mm in a heating furnace (not to be stacked), control the temperature at 650℃, keep warm for 30 minutes, then quickly take them out, cool them to room temperature, and observe whether there are cracks or whether the coating has peeled off.
The hot and cold alternation must be repeated three times in a row.
Substrate cooling treatment:
The silicon carbide ceramic substrate is immersed in cooling water (20±5℃) for 1 minute, and the water temperature shall not rise by more than 2℃. The zircon sand ceramic substrate is placed in the air and cooled to room temperature at a wind speed of 50-60m/min. A.4 Power error measurement (Article 2.8)
After the heater is powered on and heated at rated voltage until the temperature stabilizes, the actual input power is measured according to the connection method in Figure A1 and calculated using the following formula:
Where: J—power error rate, %,
P—rated power, W;
P——actual power error, W.
AC voltage stabilizer
A.5 Determination of thermal response time (Article 2.9) GB 4654-84
Heat meter
1086600
Electric heating wire
Test method diagram
Heater
Measure the temperature in the contact method as shown in Figure A2, and arrange the measuring point in the center of the heater (plate, tube, lamp). Plate heaters must be placed vertically.
Its thermal response curve is shown in Figure A3
Figure A2 Schematic diagram of thermal response test
1--Heater, 2—FA, type steel strip thermocouple: 30~600EA, type temperature recorder (display) instrument
Temperature ()
Stable point from
Thermal response line
Thermal response time curve
A.6 Temperature difference ratio determination (Article 2.10)
It should be noted that the plate heater must be placed vertically and the temperature shall be measured by the contact method in Figure A4. Five measuring points shall be set on both the front and back sides according to the diagonal division (Figure A5).
GB 4654—84
When measuring, the heater should be powered on and heated to the rated temperature, and then kept warm for 1 hour, and then the temperature should be measured at 10 measuring points on the front and back with thermocouples, and the ratio of the arithmetic mean value of the radiating surface temperature to the arithmetic mean value of the back temperature should be calculated. Figure A4 Schematic diagram of temperature difference ratio test
1—0600℃EA, type temperature recorder (display) instrument, 2FA, type multi-copper strip thermocouple, 3 heater, 4—radiating surface
A.7 Detection of the uniformity of the temperature of the radiating surface (Article 2.11) A.7.1 Layout of measuring points
The radiating surface of the plate-shaped radiator should be divided into 4 quadrants, and 5 measuring points should be arranged diagonally in one of the quadrants (Figure A5). Figure A5 Schematic diagram of plate-shaped measuring points
For lamp-shaped heaters and tubular heaters with a length not exceeding 500mm: at least 3 measuring points should be arranged: for tubular heaters with a length of more than 500mm, at least 5 measuring points should be arranged (Figure A6, Figure A7).
2130mz
Figure A6 Schematic diagram of tubular measuring points
10-15mm
GB 4654 --84
1015mm
Gate A7 Fire
Schematic diagram of lamp-shaped measuring points
A.7.2 Arrange the measuring points according to the distances shown in the diagrams, and use the EA type copper strip thermocouple contact temperature measurement method to measure the temperature of each point (the temperature of the heater must be measured when it is basically stable). The calculation according to the following formula should comply with the provisions of Article 2.11. Tmax - Tmin
→(Tmax+Tmin）
Where: Tmax——the highest temperature value on the radiation surface, K; Tmin——the lowest temperature value on the radiation surface, K. A.8 Spectral emissivity e^ test (Article 2.12) The expression of spectral emissivity e is:
Where: Ms(·T)-
Mb(a·T)
A.8.1 Test conditions
Ms (a:T)
M(A·T)
x 100%
（A２）
（A3）
Spectral radiation emittance of the heater radiation surface at a temperature of 7 and a wavelength of 4 in the interval of , W/(m2.um)s
Spectral radiation emittance of the black hole surface at the same temperature and the same wavelength interval as the heater radiation surface, W/(m2 .μm).
The temperature of the heater's radiation surface and the temperature of the black body are both 773K. A.8.2. Test device
It is recommended to use the "rotating sample heating method" emissivity measurement and recording device. a.
Note: Xu Shiqiu, Chen Shiwei, Zhang Weizu, "Automatic Measurement of Emissivity of Infrared Radiation Materials", Infrared Research, Vol. 2, No. 4 (1983), Pp. 263--269. b Before the country promulgates a unified test method, any other spectral emissivity test device that has been approved by relevant departments and experts and passed the appraisal.
A.8.3 Data analysis
Put in the graph, see Figure A8, and compare the test value with the reference value. "-" heater product benchmark curve,
"--" heater measured curve.
GB.4654-84
Maximum negative deviation ≤ 0.05
A (μm)
Figure A8 Spectral emissivity curve diagram
A.9 Normal total emissivity e, test (Article 2.13) The expression of normal total emissivity &n is:
Ms·n(T)
M·n(T)
Where: Ms·n(T)-temperature is T, and The full wavelength radiation emittance in the vertical direction of the sample radiation surface, W/m2; the full wavelength radiation emittance in the vertical direction of the black body surface at the same temperature T as the sample, W/m2. Mb·n(7\)-
A.9.1 Test conditions
The heater radiation surface temperature and the black body temperature are required to be 773K. A.9.2 Test device
a. It is recommended to use the "medium temperature normal emissivity tester" Note: Xu Qintang, Shao Jiesun, He Yancai "Research on Thermal Emissivity Test Device" Infrared Technology No. 1 (1980) pp.1 4--26. b.
Integrate the spectrum according to the spectral emissivity spectrum: JoeaMhi-rda
Where:
α—spectral emissivity;
-blackbody spectral radiation emittance at the same temperature T as εa, W/m2·μm. c.
Before the state promulgates the unified test method, the similar test device shall be approved by the relevant departments and experts and passed the appraisal. A.10 Earthquake resistance test (Article 2.14)
(A4)
Put the packaged heater , fixed on a bracket without external shock absorption on the vibration test bench, and subjected to a 2-hour vibration test at the specified acceleration and frequency, and then inspected according to Article 2.14. A.11 Working life test (Article 215)
Adopt accelerated aging test, with 1.35 times the rated voltage, continuous power on for 36 hours as an effective method to observe whether there are phenomena such as hot melting and breaking of the heating wire, peeling of the coating, and cracking of the substrate. The cold insulation resistance of the heater shall comply with the provisions of Article 2:5, and the normal total emissivity n of its radiation surface shall not be less than that of Article 2.95% of the value specified in Article 13. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by the National Bureau of Standardization.
GB 4654-B4
The responsible units for this standard are: National Technical Committee for Energy Basics and Management Standardization, Shanghai Administration of Standards and Measurement. The drafting units of this standard are: Shanghai Institute of Energy Utilization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Silicates, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Infrared and Remote Sensing Society.
The main drafters of this standard are Zhu Zhongming, Wang Shengguang, Xia Jiyu, Zhou Zhenan, and Xu Liewei. The drafting units of this standard are responsible for interpretation.
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