JGJ 87-1992 Technical Standard for Geological Drilling in Construction Engineering
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Construction Engineering Geology
Technical Standard for Drilling
TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR BORING OFGEOTECHNICALINVESTIGATION
OFCONSTRUCTIONS
JGJ87—92
1993Beijing
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Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Construction Engineering Geology Drilling Technical Standard
TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR BORING OFGEOTECHNICALINVESTIGATION
OF CONSTRUCTIONS
JGJ87—92
Editor: Central South Survey and Design Institute
Approval Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective Date: July 1, 1993
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Notice on the Release of the Industry Standard "Technical Standards for Geological Drilling in Construction Engineering"
Construction Standard (No. 19927876
Construction Committees (Construction Departments) of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Construction Committees of independently planned cities, and relevant departments of the State Council:
According to the former Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection (86) Chengkezi No. 263 According to the requirements of the document No. 1992, the "Technical Standard for Geological Drilling in Construction Engineering" edited by the Central South Survey and Design Institute has been reviewed and approved as an industry standard, numbered JGJ87-92, and will be implemented on July 1, 1993.
This standard is managed by the Ministry of Construction's Survey and Geotechnical Engineering Standards and Technology Management Unit, the Ministry of Construction's Comprehensive Survey Research Institute, and the specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the editorial unit. It is organized and published by the Ministry of Construction's Standards and Norms Research Institute. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
December 8, 1992
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Drilling Point Position survey and design
Drilling specifications
............
Drilling and wall protection
.......
Taking identification soil samples and cores
3.4 Groundwater observation
Exploration wells and trenches
Drilling protection catalog and results
Drilling site records
Drilling results·
Backfilling of boreholes, exploration wells and trenches
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix D
Appendix
Engineering geological drilling holes and drilling tool diameter series
On-site identification and Description…
Drilling site record form
On-site drilling column diagram
Exploration well expansion diagram
Exploration trench profile diagram
Explanation of terms used in this standard
Additional instructions
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1.0.1 This standard is formulated to improve the technology and quality level of geological drilling for construction projects, unify technical requirements, and ensure the accuracy of original data of geological survey for construction projects. 1.0.2 This standard is applicable to drilling work in construction site and foundation survey, and can be used as the basis for the formulation of such drilling technical plans, on-site drilling quality supervision, and inspection and acceptance of results.
Engineering geological drilling shall meet the following requirements: (1) It shall be able to identify the rock and soil properties of the stratum being drilled and determine its burial depth and thickness; (2) It shall be able to take samples that meet the quality requirements or conduct in-situ tests; (3) It shall be able to ascertain the distribution of groundwater within the drilling depth range. 1.0.4
Drilling work shall be based on the drilling task book for survey engineering. The drilling task book shall make specific provisions in accordance with the requirements of Article 1.0.3 and shall be accompanied by a plan layout of the drilling points and a topographic map with a scale appropriate to the survey stage. The survey unit shall complete the drilling work using the methods and equipment specified in the drilling task book. 1.0.5 When conducting geological drilling for construction engineering, in addition to complying with this standard, it shall also comply with the provisions of the relevant current national standards and specifications. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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2. Drilling Point Survey and Design
2.0.1 The drilling point survey and design shall meet the following requirements in the field: Preliminary survey stage: the plane position allowable deviation is ±0.5m, and the elevation allowable deviation is ±5c
Detailed survey stage: the plane position allowable deviation is ±0.25m, and the elevation allowable deviation is ±$cm;
Urban planning survey stage, site selection survey stage: the drilling point and the hole elevation can be determined according to the terrain and land features using a topographic map of appropriate scale. 2.0.2 The drilling point should be set with a numbered marker pile. Before drilling, the pile number and its actual position should be checked according to the design requirements, and the two must be consistent. 2.0.3
When the drilling position is changed due to obstacles, the actual drilling position should be marked on the plane map in time, indicating the deviation distance, direction and ground height difference from the original pile position. If necessary, the position should be re-measured.
In addition to indicating the actual completed drilling position, the plane map in the drilling results should also provide the coordinates and elevation data of each point, and it is advisable to use the unified coordinate and elevation system of the region.
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3.1 Borehole Specifications
The borehole diameter and drilling tool specifications should be selected according to Appendix A. 31.1
3.1.2 The borehole diameter should be determined according to the drilling purpose and drilling process. The borehole diameter for taking original soil samples shall not be less than 91mm. The borehole diameter for only identifying strata shall not be less than 36mm. In collapsible loess, the borehole diameter shall not be less than 150mm. 3.1.3 For boreholes with a depth exceeding 100m and those with special requirements, including directional drilling and cross-hole method for measuring wave velocity, the inclination and tilt prevention shall be carried out to maintain the verticality of the borehole or the expected inclination and tilt direction. For vertical holes, the verticality shall be measured every 50m, and the allowable deviation for every 100m of depth is ±2. For inclined holes, the inclination angle and azimuth shall be measured every 25m, and the allowable deviation shall be determined according to the exploration design requirements. When the inclination and azimuth deviation of the borehole exceeds the specified value, corrective measures shall be taken in a timely manner. 3.2 Drilling and wall protection
3.2.1 The drilling method shall meet the following requirements: (1) For boreholes that require identification of strata and sampling, rotary drilling shall be used to obtain rock samples. When encountering pebbles, boulders, gravels, blocks and other formations that are not suitable for box-type drilling, vibration rotary drilling can be used instead. (2) Dry drilling should be carried out in soil layers above the groundwater level. Flushing fluid should not be used and water should not be injected into the hole. However, double or triple tube drilling that can isolate the flushing fluid can be used for sampling.
(3) Diamond drill bits should be used for drilling rock formations. Double-layer core tube drill bits should be used for drilling soft rocks and weathered and broken rocks. When it is necessary to measure the rock quality index RQD, a double-layer core tube drill bit with an outer diameter of 75mm should be used. (4) Spiral drill bits should be used for drilling in collapsible loess. Thin-walled engineering construction standard full-text information system
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drill bits can also be used for hammer drilling. The operation should comply with the principle of "segmented drilling, gradual reduction, and insistence on hole cleaning".
3.2.2 Measures for borehole wall protection should be taken for strata that may collapse. Casing wall protection can be used in shallow fill and other loose layers. Mud wall protection should be used in saturated soft clay, silt and sand layers below the groundwater level. High-quality mud, cement slurry or chemical slurry wall protection can be used as needed in broken rock layers. When the flushing fluid is seriously lost, plugging measures such as filling and sealing should be taken.
3.2.3 During drilling, the water head pressure in the hole should be kept equal to or slightly greater than the groundwater pressure around the hole. When lifting the drill, it should be able to ventilate and water the bottom of the hole through the drill bit to prevent the soil layer at the bottom of the hole from being disturbed and damaged due to negative pressure and pipe bursts.
3.2.4 Boreholes that are expected to take undisturbed soil samples or conduct in-situ tests should be drilled in accordance with the provisions of the "Technical Standards for Undisturbed Soil Sampling" and other corresponding test standards. 3.2.5 In the field investigation, foundation pit inspection and other work, simple drilling tools such as small-diameter spiral drills, small-diameter spoon drills, Luoyang shovels, etc. can be used to explore the shallow soil. 3.3 Taking identification soil samples and cores
When using a spiral drill to drill in the soil layer, the disturbed soil samples should be extracted in batches. The depth of each batch should not exceed 1.0m. In the main bearing layer or key research area, the depth of each batch should not exceed 0.5m, and should meet the requirements of identifying thin layers as thin as 20cm.
3.3.2 When drilling in underwater silt and sandy soil layers, when soil samples are not easy to bring to the surface, intermittent sampling can be carried out using a pair of samplers or standard personnel samplers, and the spacing between them shall not be greater than 1.0m. The sampling sections are passed through by non-core drilling, or by pumpless reverse circulation with a single-layer core tube for rotary drilling and continuous coring. 3.3.3 When the left is mid-entry, the advance per return shall not exceed the length of the exit tube, and shall not exceed 2.0m in the rock formation. The core sampling rate shall be calculated one by one. The core sampling rate of intact rock formations should not be less than 80%; the core sampling rate of broken rock formations should not be less than 65%. For broken zones and sliding zones that need to be studied in depth, the core sampling rate should be increased according to engineering requirements, and directional continuous coring should be carried out if necessary. 3..4 All depth data should be measured and obtained during the drilling process, and the cumulative measurement error is allowed to be ±5cm.
3.4 Groundwater Observation
3.4.1 When encountering groundwater during drilling, the drilling should be stopped to measure the initial water level. In order to measure the static water level of a single aquifer, the drilling time should be no less than 30min for sandy soil, no less than 1h for silt soil, and no less than 24h for clay soil. And after all the holes are drilled, the static water level of each hole should be measured at the same time. Water level measurement can be done using a water clock or an electric water level meter. The water level error is allowed to be ±1.ocm.
3.4.2 If there are more than two aquifers within the borehole depth range and the drilling task book requires layered water level measurement, after drilling through the first aquifer and observing the static water level, casing should be used to isolate water, drain the water in the hole, change the diameter of the drill, and then observe the water level of the next aquifer.
3.4.3 If the use of mud wall affects the groundwater level observation, several special groundwater level observation holes can be arranged within the site, and these boreholes can be replaced by casing wall. bzxZ.net
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4. Exploration wells and exploration trenches
4.0.1 The cross-section of the exploration well can be circular or rectangular. The diameter of the circular exploration well can be 0.8m~1.0m, and the diameter of the rectangular exploration well can be 0.8m×1.2m. According to the soil conditions, when appropriate slope reduction and graded excavation are required, the well mouth can be larger than the above size. 4.0.2 The depth of the exploration well and trench should not exceed 20m. When the excavation depth exceeds 10m, the bottom of the well and trench should be ventilated when necessary.
4.0.3 When the soil layer is prone to collapse and slope reduction or graded excavation is not allowed, support protection should be provided for the well and trench walls. According to the soil conditions, full support or interval support can be adopted. When full support is provided, inspection gaps should be left every 0.5m and at the parts that need to be observed. 4.0.4 The earth and stone in the process of excavating the exploration well and trench must be piled at least 1.0m away from the edge of the well and trench. During the rainy season, rain shelters should be set up at the well and trench mouth, and drainage ditches should be opened to prevent ground water and rainwater from flowing into the well and trench. When encountering large isolated rocks or bedrock, when excavation cannot be carried out by general methods, controlled blasting force excavation can be adopted.
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5.Drilling Catalog and Results
5.1Drilling Site Records
5.11Drilling records should be completed during the drilling process, and the record content should include two parts: geotechnical description and drilling process. The record sheet should comply with the requirements of Appendix B and Appendix C.
5.1.2 Each column of the drilling site record sheet should be filled in item by item according to the drilling rounds. When a layer change is found in each round, it should be filled in separately, and several rounds or layers shall not be combined into one line of record. Site records shall not be copied or transcribed, and errors can be crossed out and corrected next to them, but they shall not be smeared or modified in the original place. 5.1.3 The description of each type of stratum shall meet the following requirements: For gravel soil
1) Particle grading;
(2) Shape of coarse particles, composition of parent rock, degree of weathering and skeleton function;(3) Nature, moisture and degree of filling;(4) Density;
(5) Bedding characteristics. For sandy soil
() Color:
(2) Particle grading;
(3) Particle shape and mineral composition;
(4) Clay content:
(5) Moisture;
(6) Density;
(7) Bedding characteristics.
For powder±
1) Color;
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(2) Grain grading;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Moisture;
(5) Bedding characteristics.
For clay
(1) Color;
(2) State;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Structure and bedding characteristics.
For rocks, the color, main minerals, structure, texture and degree of weathering should be described. For sedimentary rocks, the particle size, shape, cement composition and degree of cementation should be described; for igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, the size and degree of mineral crystals should be described. The description of rock mass should also include structural planes, structural features and rock layer thickness. 5.1.4 Geotechnical naming shall comply with the provisions of the current geotechnical engineering classification standards. Descriptive terms and recording symbols shall comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards. The identification description is mainly based on visual inspection and hand touch methods, which can be supplemented by some standardized and quantitative methods or instruments (including pocket penetrometer, point load meter, Munsell color scale, sand and soil particle size sample mold, etc.). ■ The content of the record of the drilling process shall meet the following requirements: 5.1.54
The drilling method used, the name and specification of the drilling tool, the wall protection method, etc.; the difficulty of drilling, the penetration speed, the operating feel, the changes in drilling parameters, the situation inside the north, and the shrinkage, siltation, groundwater level or flushing liquid level and its changes should be noted;
The number, depth position, name and specification of the sampling tool, the type of in-situ test and its results of the sampling and in-situ test
The core sampling rate, RQD value, etc.;
Other abnormal situations.
5.2 Drilling results
Drilling results should include the following:
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bzsosO.cm2 The depth of the exploration well and trench should not exceed 20m. When the excavation depth exceeds 10m, ventilation should be provided to the bottom of the well and trench when necessary.
4.0.3 When the soil layer is prone to collapse and slope reduction or graded excavation is not allowed, support protection should be provided for the well and trench walls. Comprehensive support or interval support can be adopted according to the soil conditions. When comprehensive support is adopted, inspection gaps should be left every 0.5m and at the parts that need to be observed intensively. 4.0.4 The earth and stone in the process of excavating the exploration well and trench must be piled at least 1.0m away from the edge of the well and trench. During the rainy season, rain shelters should be set up at the well and trench mouth, and drainage ditches should be opened to prevent ground water and rainwater from flowing into the well and trench. When encountering large isolated rocks or bedrock, when excavation cannot be carried out by general methods, controlled blasting force excavation can be adopted.
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5.Drilling Catalog and Results
5.1Drilling Site Records
5.11Drilling records should be completed during the drilling process, and the record content should include two parts: geotechnical description and drilling process. The record sheet should comply with the requirements of Appendix B and Appendix C.
5.1.2 Each column of the drilling site record sheet should be filled in item by item according to the drilling rounds. When a layer change is found in each round, it should be filled in separately, and several rounds or layers shall not be combined into one line of record. Site records shall not be copied or transcribed, and errors can be crossed out and corrected next to them, but they shall not be smeared or modified in the original place. 5.1.3 The description of each type of stratum shall meet the following requirements: For gravel soil
1) Particle grading;
(2) Shape of coarse particles, composition of parent rock, degree of weathering and skeleton function;(3) Nature, moisture and degree of filling;(4) Density;
(5) Bedding characteristics. For sandy soil
() Color:
(2) Particle grading;
(3) Particle shape and mineral composition;
(4) Clay content:
(5) Moisture;
(6) Density;
(7) Bedding characteristics.
For powder±
1) Color;
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(2) Grain grading;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Moisture;
(5) Bedding characteristics.
For clay
(1) Color;
(2) State;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Structure and bedding characteristics.
For rocks, the color, main minerals, structure, texture and degree of weathering should be described. For sedimentary rocks, the particle size, shape, cement composition and degree of cementation should be described; for igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, the size and degree of mineral crystals should be described. The description of rock mass should also include structural planes, structural features and rock layer thickness. 5.1.4 Geotechnical naming shall comply with the provisions of the current geotechnical engineering classification standards. Descriptive terms and recording symbols shall comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards. The identification description is mainly based on visual inspection and hand touch methods, which can be supplemented by some standardized and quantitative methods or instruments (including pocket penetrometer, point load meter, Munsell color scale, sand and soil particle size sample mold, etc.). ■ The content of the record of the drilling process shall meet the following requirements: 5.1.54
The drilling method used, the name and specification of the drilling tool, the wall protection method, etc.; the difficulty of drilling, the penetration speed, the operating feel, the changes in drilling parameters, the situation inside the north, and the shrinkage, siltation, groundwater level or flushing liquid level and its changes should be noted;
The number, depth position, name and specification of the sampling tool, the type of in-situ test and its results of the sampling and in-situ test
The core sampling rate, RQD value, etc.;
Other abnormal situations.
5.2 Drilling results
Drilling results should include the following:
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bzsosO.cm2 The depth of the exploration well and trench should not exceed 20m. When the excavation depth exceeds 10m, ventilation should be provided to the bottom of the well and trench when necessary.
4.0.3 When the soil layer is prone to collapse and slope reduction or graded excavation is not allowed, support protection should be provided for the well and trench walls. Comprehensive support or interval support can be adopted according to the soil conditions. When comprehensive support is adopted, inspection gaps should be left every 0.5m and at the parts that need to be observed intensively. 4.0.4 The earth and stone in the process of excavating the exploration well and trench must be piled at least 1.0m away from the edge of the well and trench. During the rainy season, rain shelters should be set up at the well and trench mouth, and drainage ditches should be opened to prevent ground water and rainwater from flowing into the well and trench. When encountering large isolated rocks or bedrock, when excavation cannot be carried out by general methods, controlled blasting force excavation can be adopted.
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5.Drilling Catalog and Results
5.1Drilling Site Records
5.11Drilling records should be completed during the drilling process, and the record content should include two parts: geotechnical description and drilling process. The record sheet should comply with the requirements of Appendix B and Appendix C.
5.1.2 Each column of the drilling site record sheet should be filled in item by item according to the drilling rounds. When a layer change is found in each round, it should be filled in separately, and several rounds or layers shall not be combined into one line of record. Site records shall not be copied or transcribed, and errors can be crossed out and corrected next to them, but they shall not be smeared or modified in the original place. 5.1.3 The description of each type of stratum shall meet the following requirements: For gravel soil
1) Particle grading;
(2) Shape of coarse particles, composition of parent rock, degree of weathering and skeleton function;(3) Nature, moisture and degree of filling;(4) Density;
(5) Bedding characteristics. For sandy soil
() Color:
(2) Particle grading;
(3) Particle shape and mineral composition;
(4) Clay content:
(5) Moisture;
(6) Density;
(7) Bedding characteristics.
For powder±
1) Color;
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(2) Grain grading;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Moisture;
(5) Bedding characteristics.
For clay
(1) Color;
(2) State;
(3) Inclusions;
(4) Structure and bedding characteristics.
For rocks, the color, main minerals, structure, texture and degree of weathering should be described. For sedimentary rocks, the particle size, shape, cement composition and degree of cementation should be described; for igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, the size and degree of mineral crystals should be described. The description of rock mass should also include structural planes, structural features and rock layer thickness. 5.1.4 Geotechnical naming shall comply with the provisions of the current geotechnical engineering classification standards. Descriptive terms and recording symbols shall comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards. The identification description is mainly based on visual inspection and hand touch methods, which can be supplemented by some standardized and quantitative methods or instruments (including pocket penetrometer, point load meter, Munsell color scale, sand and soil particle size sample mold, etc.). ■ The content of the record of the drilling process shall meet the following requirements: 5.1.54
The drilling method used, the name and specification of the drilling tool, the wall protection method, etc.; the difficulty of drilling, the penetration speed, the operating feel, the changes in drilling parameters, the situation inside the north, and the shrinkage, siltation, groundwater level or flushing liquid level and its changes should be noted;
The number, depth position, name and specification of the sampling tool, the type of in-situ test and its results of the sampling and in-situ test
The core sampling rate, RQD value, etc.;
Other abnormal situations.
5.2 Drilling results
Drilling results should include the following:
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