GB 4343-1995 Measurement methods and allowable values ??for radio interference characteristics of household and similar electric and heating appliances, power tools and similar electrical appliances
Some standard content:
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Household and similar electric, electric heating appliances, electric tools and similar electrical appliances radio
Measurement methods and allowable values ??of interference characteristics
Limits and methods of measurement of radiodisturbance characteristics of electrical motor-operated and thermal appliances for house-hold and similar purposes, electric tools and similar electric apparatus GB4343-1995
instead of GB434384
This standard adopts C.1.SPR Publication No. 14 (No. Third Edition)&Measurement methods and allowable values ??of radio interference characteristics of household and similar electric and heating appliances, power tools and similar electrical appliances. 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the allowable value of radio interference level, measurement method, operating conditions and evaluation of measurement results for appliances within the scope of application.
This standard applies to household and similar electric and electric heating appliances, power tools and similar appliances that cause interference to radio reception. These appliances include household appliances, power tools, regulators using semiconductor devices, and electrotherapy equipment driven by electric motors. , electric toys, automatic dispensing machines, and movie or slide projectors; excluding equipment that generates high-frequency radiation for heating and medical purposes. Also included in the scope of this standard are
individual components of equipment such as motors, switching devices, etc. specified by this standard, such as (power or protective) relays. This standard does not apply to:
a. Equipment that clearly states emission requirements in the radio frequency range in national standards and industry standards. For example, light emitters, dischargers and fluorescent lamps and other lighting devices, audio-visual equipment and electronic musical instruments, powerful communication devices, equipment generating radio frequency radiation for heating and therapeutic purposes, microwave ovens, information technology equipment (e.g. home computers, personal computers ), electrical equipment used on electric tractors, etc. b. A regulating controller equipped with a semiconductor device with a rated output current greater than 25A per phase. c. Power supply for separate use.
This standard does not specify requirements for immunity to interference. The applicable frequency range of this standard is 9kHz ~ 400GHz. Multifunctional equipment that simultaneously withstands different clauses of this standard and/or other standards shall meet the relevant operational functions of each clause (standard). The permissible values ??of this standard are determined on a frequency basis such that interference suppression is maintained at an economically reasonable level and still achieves adequate radio protection throughout the frequency band. In the worst case, radio frequency interference may still occur even if the permissible values ??are met. Additional measures may be required in the event of interference. 2 Reference Standards
GB/T4365 Electromagnetic Compatibility Terminology
State Bureau of Technical Supervision approved on 1995-08-25 and implemented on 1996-12-01
GB4343-1995
GB3907 Industrial Basic measurement method of radio interference GB6113 Specification for Radio Interference and Immunity Measurement Equipment 3 Terminology
3.1 The radio interference terminology used in this standard complies with the provisions of GB/T4365. The following terms apply to this standard. 3.1.1 Click
is an interference that exceeds the allowable value of continuous interference and lasts no more than 200ms, and the subsequent interference is at least 200ms away from the previous interference. The two interval times are related to the level of the continuous interference permissible value. 3.1.2 Switching operation switchingoperation: one breaking or one closing or contact of the switch Note: It does not depend on whether the click sound is observed. 3.1.3 Minimum observation time TminimumobservationtimeT When counting clicks or related switch operations, the minimum time required to provide stable data for statistical judgment of a large number of clicks per unit time.
3.1.4 Click rate NclickrateN
The number of clicks or switch operations within 1 min. This number is used to determine the allowable value of clicks. 3.1.5 Click limit click limit
The relative allowable value of continuous interference measured with a quasi-peak detector as specified in Article 4.1.1 is increased by a certain amount determined by the click rate N.
The click allowable value applies to interference assessed by the upper quartile method. 3.1.6 Upper quartile method: A quarter of the number of clicks recorded during the observation time is allowed to exceed the allowable click value. In the case of switching operations, a quarter of the number of switching operations recorded during the observation time is allowed to produce clicks in excess of the allowable value for clicks.
4 Allowable interference value
Unless otherwise specified for specific equipment in this standard, there is no allowable value below 148.5kHz and above 300MHz. 4.1 Allowable value of continuous interference
4.1 .1 Commutator motors and other devices installed in household appliances, power tools and similar appliances may cause continuous interference. Continuous interference may be broadband, caused by switching appliances such as mechanical switches, commutators, and semiconductor regulators; it may be narrowband, caused by electronic control devices such as microprogrammers. Note: The concepts of "broadband interference" and "narrowband interference" are not used in this standard. The difference between the two interferences is determined by the type of detector used. The permissible values ??are determined using quasi-peak detectors and using average detectors. 4.1.2 The allowable values ??for continuous interference in the frequency range of 148.5kHz to 30MHz are listed in Table 1, Table 2 and the accompanying drawings. GB43431995
Table 1 Continuous interference allowable value frequency range of household appliances and similar interference-producing equipment and semiconductor device regulating controllers
1
MHz
0.15~0.50
0.50~5.00
5.00~30.0
2
dBμV
Quasi bee value
on the power terminal
3
dBμV
average value 1
linearly decreases with the logarithm of frequency
66~56
56
60|| tt||59~46
46
50
at load terminals and additional terminals
4
dBμV
quasi-peak| |tt||80
74www.bzxz.net
74
5
dBμv
average\
70
64| |tt||64
Note: The allowable value of interference voltage is given in Table 1, measured on the ground terminal in accordance with Chapter 5. 1) When measuring with a quasi-peak detector receiver, if it meets the allowable values ??of the average detector receiver, the equipment under test is considered to meet the two allowable values, and there is no need to use an average detector receiver for measurement. Table 2 Allowable continuous interference value of electric tools
1
Frequency range
MHz
0.15~0.35
0.35~5.00
5 .00~30
2
3
Motor rated power <700W
dBμv
Quasi-peak value
66~59||tt| |59
64
dBμV
average\
59~49
49
54
4|| tt||5
700W<motor rated power
≤1000W
dBμV
quasi-peak
dBμV
average value\|| tt||Decreases linearly with the logarithm of frequency
70~63
63
68
63~53
53
58
6
7
Motor rated power>1000W
dBμV
Quasi-peak
76~69
69
74
dBμV
average value 1
69~59
59
64
Note: Interference voltage allowed The values ??are given in Table 2 and measured on the ground terminal in accordance with Chapter 5. 1) When measuring with a quasi-bee value detector receiver, if it meets the allowable values ??of the average value detector receiver, the equipment under test is considered to meet the two allowable values, and it is not necessary to use the average value detector receiver for measurement. dB uv
66
64
60 +
58
56 +
54
0.150.2|| tt||GB4343-1995
Power tools (<700W)
Household appliances, etc.
0.35
0.5
Power tools 700~1000W+4dB| |tt||1000~2000 W+10dB
30FMHz
Illustration of interference allowable value curve for household appliances, electric tools and similar appliances dBμv
80
78| |tt||74
72-
70-
68+
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
50
48
46
0.15
quasi-peak| |tt||At the load end and the additional end
Average value
At the load end and the additional end
Quasi-peak
At the power end
Average value
At the power supply end
0.5
5
Illustration of the interference allowable value curve with a semiconductor regulator 30 MHz
GB4343—1995||tt ||4.1.2.1 For all appliances except power tools, the phase and neutral terminals of the power supply shall comply with the allowable values ??in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1. 4.1.2.2 At the additional end of the appliance and at the load and additional ends of the regulating controller equipped with a semiconductor device, the relaxed permissible values ??given in step 4 and column 5 of Table 1 "Additional terminals" apply. Permissible values ??for power supply terminals that can be used as supply-side or load-side applications. Individual connections not longer than 2000mm, such as non-detachable flexible cords of semiconductor speed controllers such as sewing machines, dental drills, etc., do not specify any allowable value for terminal voltage. Semiconductor devices may be assembled within a separate control device or within the appliance. Note: For measurements on the load end and additional end of a regulating controller equipped with a semiconductor device, see 5.2.5. For measurements on the additional end of other appliances, see 5.2.1.
4.1.2.3 The allowable values ??for the power supply terminal of power tools are given in Table 2 according to the rated power of the motor, excluding the power of any heating device (such as the heating power of a plastic welding machine). For the load end and additional end of power tools, columns 4 and 5 of Table 1 apply unless further relaxed.
4.1.2.4 For battery-driven appliances (built-in and external batteries) that can be connected to mains power, the allowable values ??in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1 should be used for the power supply end.
No allowable value is specified for built-in battery appliances that cannot be connected to mains power. For appliances with external batteries, if the connection between the appliance and the battery is shorter than 2000mm, no allowable value is specified. If the connection between the appliance and the battery is longer than 2000 mm or can be extended by the user without tools, the allowable values ??in columns 4 and 5 of Table 1 apply to these cords.
4.1.3 The allowable values ??of interference power in the frequency range 30~300MHz are listed in Table 3. Table 3 Continuous interference power allowable value
Household and similar electrical appliances
1
Frequency range
MHz
30～300
2| |tt||dBpw
quasi-peak
dBpw
average value\
increases linearly with frequency
45~55|| tt||Large
35~45
4
5
Motor rated power
≤700W
dBpw
Quasi-peak
dBpw
average value 1
linearly increases with frequency
45~55
large
35 ~45
Electricity
6
Motion
Work
7
Tools
8
700W <Motor rated power
1000W
dBpw
quasi-peak
dBpw
average value\
linear with frequency
Increase
49~59
Large
39~49
Note: The allowable value of interference power is given in Table 3, and the interference power of all terminals is specified in Chapter 6 Take measurements. Motor rated power
>1000W
dBpw
quasi-peak value
dBpw
average value\
linear with frequency
Increase
55~65
Large
45~55
1) When using a quasi-peak detector receiver, if it meets the allowable value of the average detector measurement , the equipment under test should be considered to comply with the two allowable values, and there is no need to use an average detector for measurement. 4.1.3.1 In addition to the provisions of Articles 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.3, all equipment should comply with Table 3, Clause 2 column and allowed values ??for column 3.
4.1.3.2 For battery-driven appliances (built-in and external) that can be connected to the mains, the allowable values ??in columns 2 and 3 should be met. For battery-driven appliances that cannot be connected to mains power, the allowable value of interference power is not specified. 4.1.3.3 For electric tools, the permissible interference power values ??are given in columns 4 to 9 according to the rated power of the motor, except for any heating power (such as the heating power of a plastic welding gun). 4.1.3.4 For regulating controllers equipped with semiconductor devices, battery chargers and converters, the allowable value of interference power is not specified in the frequency band of 30 to 300 MHz. | |tt | interference. The main effects of discontinuity vary with the repetition rate and amplitude that occur in the sound image. Therefore, a distinction should be made between different types of intermittent interference. Intermittent interference is stipulated to be measured with a quasi-peak detector receiver that complies with the provisions of GB6113. 4.2.2 The allowable value of intermittent interference depends on the interference characteristics and the slight click rate N. No allowable values ??are specified in the 30-300MHz frequency band. Note: The interference level below 30MHz is understood as an indicator of the interference level above 30MHz. 4.2.3 The allowable value of intermittent interference voltage in the frequency range is 184.5kHz ~ 30MHz. The permissible values ??listed in Tables 1 and 2 of Article 4.2.3.14.1.2 apply to intermittent interference produced by all appliances: a. Interference other than clicks; or
more than two clicks within b.2 s; or
clicks with a click rate greater than 30.
c.
Except for the appliances specified in Article 4.2.4.
Note: Examples of intermittent interference applicable to the allowable value of continuous interference are shown in Figures D4, D5 and D6. 4.2.3.2 The allowable value L. classified as click is the allowable value related to continuous interference. Add to the value specified in Article 4.1.2: 44 dB
20lg(30/N)dB
N<0.2 or
0.2≤≤30
Note; click Examples of intermittent interference from acoustic interference are shown in Figures D1, D2 and D3. Also see Table A1 of Appendix A. 4.2.3.3 The click allowable value L applies to the click rate N under operating conditions, and the results are organized according to the provisions of Chapter 8. 4.2.4 Provide the following exceptions
4.2.4.1 There are no regulations on the allowable values ??for room heaters intended to be used in fixed locations or for thermostats built into them. Note: Thermostats intended for fixed use or installed in room heating equipment (including ventilators, hot air fans, forced air heaters, oil supply heaters, room heaters, water heaters and oil-fired appliances) shall comply with the standards of The click allowance value L is calculated based on the sound rate N, which is determined by 5 times the click rate N according to Article 7.3.4.14.
4.2.4.2 When the click sound emitted from the program-controlled appliance is applicable to the assessment method of intermittent interference, and some of the recorded intermittent interference does not meet the conditions specified in Article 4.2.3.1, the click sound must be used Classification. If the total time of such intermittent interference does not exceed 600 ms during the minimum observation time, it shall be regarded as a click and shall not be evaluated according to the allowable value of continuous interference specified in 4.1.1. 4.2.4.3 Interference in the operation of a single switch caused by direct or indirect manual or similar starters on switches or controls installed in the appliance or used for the following purposes, from the point of view of the purpose of the test apparatus complying with the allowable values ??of radio interference in this standard. ignorable. a. Only the function of turning on or off the power
b. Only the function of program selection:
c, controlled by the energy or speed of a limited number of switches in fixed positions; d. Such as dehydration A change in the manual setting of a continuously adjustable controller of a transmission or electronic thermostat. Examples of switches in this section are light switches, but also include foot-operated, electric typewriter switches, manual switches for heating and airflow control of hot air blowers and hair dryers, and direct-operated switches for cupboards, immobilizers or refrigerators and induction for front door lights. Operate the switch. Switches that are frequently operated repeatedly such as sewing machines and computers are not included. Interference caused by switching devices or controllers in an appliance that are used only to cut off the power supply for safety can be ignored for the purpose of testing the equipment to comply with the allowable radio interference values ??stipulated in this standard. 4.2.4.4 Appliance switches with a click rate not greater than 5 and instantaneous switches (for example, the duration of each click is less than 10 ms) should be considered to comply with the allowable value requirements. The amplitude of the click is independent (see Tables A1 and A2 in Appendix A). If one of the conditions is not met, the allowable value shall be assessed in accordance with Article 4.2. 4.2.4.5 If the click rate is less than 5, any two consecutive interferences caused by two or more separate switch operations, and the duration of each interference is GB4343-1995
at maximum 200ms, no more than 2s. There will be any other interference preceding or following, even if the interval between the two interferences is less than 200ms, it should be rated as two clicks. For appliances in this category, such as a refrigerator as shown in Figure D6, it should be rated as two clicks rather than continuous interference.
4.2.4.6 For a thermostatically controlled three-phase switch, three disturbances caused by each of the three phases, which are spatially independent and meet the following conditions, shall be rated as three clicks instead of Continuous interference: a. The switch operation shall not occur more than once within 15 minutes, and the three interferences will not be preceded or followed by any other interference within 2 seconds. b. The duration of the interference caused by the opening or closing of any one of the contacts is less than or equal to 10ms, and the number of clicks caused by the switch operation recorded during the observation period is not more than one quarter, then the corresponding continuous interference is allowed to exceed 44dB of allowed value. 4.2.4.7 For the appliances listed in Table A1 of Appendix A, the click rate N=f·n/T, where nz is the sum of the number of open and closed contacts (switching operations) during the observation period T minutes, and then the Appendix Coefficients given in Table A1. 4.2.4.8 The allowable value of the electric fence power supply device is the value measured at the power terminals and output terminals of the power supply device. A correction factor of 16dB shall be added to the output of the electric fence device in accordance with an artificial power supply network using a 250α resistor in series with a 50α impedance. The voltage distribution caused by the equivalent circuit of the electric fence is on the measured values ??obtained (see item 5 of the illustration in Figure 9). 4.2.5 The allowable values ??of specific appliances under various conditions that comply with 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 are added in accordance with Appendix A. The allowable values ??of appliances not listed in Appendix A shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of Articles 4.2.3 and 4.2.4. A guiding example is shown in Appendix A.
5 Measurement method of interference voltage (148.5kHz～30MHz) 5.1 Measuring device
5.1.1 Measurement receiver
Quasi-peak detection receiver and average detection receiver should comply with GB6113 the provisions of the corresponding provisions. Note: The two receivers can be installed in the same machine and can be used for quasi-peak detection or average detection respectively. 5.1.2 Artificial power network
The artificial power network provides a specified high-frequency impedance between the terminals of the device under test, and at the same time isolates external radio frequency signals from the test circuit. The principle of the artificial power network is shown in Figure 1. aImpedance: At the sample end of the artificial power supply network, the impedance value between the phase line and the ground and the neutral line and the ground is 50Q/50μH or 50Q/50μH+5Q.
b． Isolation: To ensure that the impedance of the grid does not have a serious impact on the impedance of the artificial power network at the measurement frequency, an appropriate radio frequency impedance should be inserted between the artificial power network and the grid. This impedance will also reduce the impact of unwanted signals present on the grid. c. The components that constitute this impedance should be installed in a metal shielding box, and the shell of the metal shielding box is directly connected to the reference ground of the measurement system. d. The connection between the artificial power network and the receiver uses a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 502. Z,=
5.1.3 Voltage probe
Figure 1
GB4343—1995
When the measurement is not at the power terminal but at terminals such as load and control terminal, Then use a voltage probe. When an artificial power supply network cannot be used and there is no adverse effect on the device under test or test equipment, a voltage probe can also be used on the power terminal for measurement.
The voltage probe consists of a resistor with a resistance of at least 1500Ω in series with a capacitor with negligible reactance (in the range of 150kHz to 30MHz).
The measured value should be corrected according to the voltage distribution between the probe and the measuring device, that is, the interference voltage value is: V=·u
R
Where: V-interference voltage, μV| |tt||U——Measurement receiver indicated voltage, μV; z——Resistance value of voltage probe, at least 1500Ω; R——Measurement receiver input impedance,.
If the probe impedance value is too low at 50/60Hz and affects the normal operation of the device under test, the probe impedance value should be increased at radio frequency (for example, a 500pF capacitor is connected in series to increase the impedance to 15ka). 5.1.4 Artificial "simulated hand"*
In order to simulate the influence of the user's hand during the measurement of interference voltage, an artificial "simulated hand" is required to hold the instrument. The artificial "simulated hand" consists of a capacitor with a capacitance value of 220pF±20% The capacitor is connected in series with a resistor with a resistance value of 510Ω ±10%. One end of the RC element (M end) is connected to the metal tube wrapped on the instrument, and the other end of the RC element is connected to the ground terminal of the measurement system, and the artificial "simulated hand" The RC components can be installed in the box of the artificial power network. 5.1.5 Interference analyzer for intermittent interference
Interference analyzer should be used for measurement of intermittent interference. If there is no such instrument, the interference analyzer should be used as shown in Figure 2. Arrangement measurement. ·
Filtered power supply||tt|·
5.1.5.1 Disturbance duration measurement
Artificial power supply network
·
. Interference measuring instrument
?
Figure 2
Sample
Memory oscilloscope
Measurement receiver connected to artificial power network , send the intermediate frequency output interference signal of the measurement receiver to the input terminal of the memory oscilloscope, adjust the oscilloscope scanning speed and trigger level, that is, record the interference image on the fluorescent screen of the memory oscilloscope, and read the interference duration from the ruler with a momentary switch. For instruments, adjust the scanning speed to 1~10ms/cm; when measuring other instruments, adjust the scanning speed to 10~200ms/cm
5.1.5.2 Minimum observation time measurement
Minimum observation time T. Measured in minutes.
a For an appliance with an automatic switch, start the timer and counter at a certain switch operation when it reaches a stable state, and measure the time T required to produce 40 clicks | |tt||b.If an appliance with an automatic stop switch does not produce 40 countable clicks within a complete program, it should be made to work repeatedly for GB4343-1995
times to produce 40 countable clicks. The intermittent time between two adjacent working cycles should not be counted in the observation time. c. For appliances with manual control switches, the interval between operation switches should be based on the standard operating conditions of the appliance, or the appropriate interval should be drawn up with reference to the most frequent status in actual use. Note: Manually controlled switch appliances refer to appliance switches that require frequent operation during work, such as the starting switch of a sewing machine motor, and do not include switches that are only used to disconnect the power supply or select the working state, such as the timing switch and adjustment switch of an electric fan. speed switch. 5.2 Measurement procedure and arrangement
5.2.1 Arrangement of leads of the device under test
See Figure 3 for the arrangement of the device under test and its connection to the artificial power network. The grounding plate must be electrically connected to the earth using a metal plate with a thickness of more than 0.5mm and an area of ??2000mm×2000mm, or a jumper wire must be used to connect to the earth through a shielded room. Jumper wires should try to use thin copper strips with an aspect ratio less than 5:1 and a thickness of 0.5mm. The distance between the equipment and the shielded room should be at least 800mm.
The distance between the appliance and the artificial power supply network is 800mm; the distance to the measuring instrument should be no less than 800mm. The artificial power network and the ground plane should have a good connection within the radio frequency range. 800
phase line
phase line 0
neutral line o
ground line.
Interference measuring instrument
·
?
Artificial power supply network
5.2.2 Measurement neutral line of interference voltage of non-handheld, ungrounded appliances|| tt | , ungrounded appliances should be placed on a non-metallic bracket with a height of 400mm from the grounding plate. If the appliance does not have a power cord, the appliance is connected to the artificial power supply network with a wire shorter than 1000mm; if the appliance has a power cord, the measurement may be made on the power cord terminal. When the length of the power cord exceeds 800mm, the excess part should be folded into a 300~400mm long wire harness. The interference voltage is measured from the corresponding terminals of the artificial power supply network using an interference measuring instrument. When measuring, the interference voltage values ??of the phase line and the neutral line to the ground should be read respectively. The measurement results shall be based on the maximum value measured at each frequency. 5.2.3 Hand-held, ungrounded instrument interference voltage measuring instruments shall measure the interference voltage according to Article 5.2.2, and then use an "analog hand" to conduct additional measurements. The simulated hand consists of a metal foil with a width of 60mm, a capacitor of 200pF and a 500α The resistor is connected in series. The metal foil is tightly wrapped in the shell of the device under test, and the other end of the simulated hand is connected to the ground, see Figure 4.
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