Some standard content:
ICS 03. 220. 40
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 18985---2003
Amount of supplygasesfordivers Issued on March 6, 2003
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on September 1, 2003
All technical contents of this standard are mandatory: Foreword
GB18985-2003
This standard replaces GBn268--1987. The technical content and writing structure have been changed. The following differences are found in this standard: This standard adds normative references, terms and definitions. The original standard retains the four types of treadmill gas volume in the original standard, which uses the light, medium and heavy labor intensities to divide the gas flow rate. The revision stipulates the maximum safe depth of diving operations using non-reduced diving equipment and different diving methods, stipulates the pressurization method of the living chamber when nitrogen and oxygen are saturated and nitrogen and oxygen are saturated, stipulates the offset method of the diving bell when hydrogen and oxygen are saturated, and stipulates the amount of nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas for treatment in case of oxygen saturation and drowning. The revision makes some changes to the original standard, conversion coefficients and calculation formulas, and deletes some calculation formulas with little practical use value. The appendix A, appendix H and appendix L of this standard are information appendices. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China and was promoted by the Transportation and Underwater Engineering Technical Committee. The drafting unit of this standard is the Marine Underwater Engineering Research Institute, and the main drafters of this standard are Jing Yanlin, Zhang Yaoran, Zhang Shuguang, Lu Lianfang, Gao Guizhen, Shuai Kailin, and Chen Bianruo. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GBn2681987, YYKA arKAa
1 Scope
Diving gas supply
GB18985—2003
This standard specifies the minimum breathing gas flow required for underwater operations of divers and the minimum breathing volume required to complete diving operations.
This standard is applicable to divers who use ventilation, surface-supplied, portable or induced regeneration ammonia diving equipment, breathe compressed air or artificially prepared mixed gas (nitrogen and oxygen, hydrogen and oxygen or nitrogen and oxygen) for micro-scale or saturation diving operations. The design and manufacture of diving equipment, gas supply equipment, etc. can be used as a reference.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all referenced documents with a date, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) and revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, all parties involved in this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For referenced documents without a date, the latest versions shall apply to this standard. GB/T12552 Maximum safe depth of diving
GB/T17871 Nitrogen-oxygen saturation or air saturation-air is called diving decompression procedure (GB18135 Diving breathing gases
3 Unharmonized definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
Diving gas supply amount of supply gases for diving The minimum breathing gas flow rate for underwater operations and the minimum breathing gas for treading water operations 3.2
Breathing mixtare
A breathing medium containing two or more gas components containing oxygen prepared for divers, commonly used oxygen, oxygen-nitrogen-nitrogen mixed gas,
Conventional divingconventional diring
Diving in which the diver is exposed to low or high air pressure for less than 24 hours and the body tissue has not been saturated with neutral gas. According to the difference in the amount of mixed gas inhaled, it can be divided into conventional air diving and conventional ammonia-oxygen diving. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 Flow regulation of ventilated full-water diving equipment
According to GB/T12552, the maximum safe depth of air diving using ventilated diving equipment is 60 meters. The air supply flow rate of divers using ventilated equipment when performing different labor-intensive operations underwater: Q: 2 q1 ×
GB 189852003
The air supply flow rate of ventilated diving equipment, in units of work per minute (min) z water depth of falling into the water, in units of meters (m). (The water density is 1.03 g/cm2, and the pressure of 1 m of seawater is equivalent to 0.C) MPa);-.-Water depth for each increase of .tMPa in hydrostatic pressure, 10m;-The carbon dioxide admixture rate, in liters per minute (1/min);h
Light labor intensity: 41-65. Divers are considered to be engaged in light labor intensity work during diving or underwater decompression;Medium dynamic intensity: 91-100;
fLabor intensity: 91=100#
4-The amount of carbon dioxide produced by divers when they are engaged in different labor intensity work. The unit is liter per minute (1./min\), see Appendix A.
C,--The allowable carbon dioxide concentration in the air, in percentage (%), usually (-1.5):·The carbon dioxide concentration contained in the compressed air supplied to divers from the air storage tank, in percentage (), according to GB 18433, C,≤0, 05%(V/V),4.2 Air supply flow rate of surface-supplied diving equipment:
The air supply flow rate required for divers in surface-supplied weak-supply diving equipment when performing different labor intensity operations underwater, in liters per minute (L/min):
9- The air content of divers performing given labor intensity operations under normal pressure, in liters per minute (1./min), see Appendix A; Light labor intensity: 30. Divers are considered to be performing light labor intensity operations during diving or underwater stage pressure play: Medium labor intensity: 92=40;
And labor intensity: 1:=65.
4.3 Air supply flow rate of self-contained diving equipment
According to G13/T12552, the maximum safe depth for air diving using self-contained diving equipment is 40m. The air supply flow rate of a portable diving device is the same as the air supply flow rate of a surface-supplied diving device. 4.4 The air supply flow rate of the ejection regeneration chlorine-oxygen diving equipment shall be in accordance with the provisions of B/T12552. The maximum safe depth of diving with ejection regeneration nitrogen-oxygen diving equipment is 120m1. The air supply flow rate of the ejection regeneration reoxygenation equipment is:
Q: --- The air supply flow rate required for divers using ejection regeneration nitrogen-oxygen diving equipment to perform operations of different dynamic intensities underwater, in liters per minute (/min);
u,d, --- Same as ():
93 --- The air consumption of divers using ejection regeneration nitrogen-oxygen diving equipment when performing operations of different labor intensities at normal pressure, in units of liters per minute (L/min)
Light dynamic intensity: 9:15, divers are considered to be engaged in light labor intensity operations during the downstream or underwater decompression process: Medium labor intensity: 9:-80:
Heavy labor intensity: 9:-13.
4.5 Air volume required for conventional diving operations The diving operation process includes diving, underwater operations, underwater stage pressure relief and surface pressure relief. FTKAONYKAa
4.5.1 Air volume required for diving operations
Air volume required for diving operations:
Where:
Vl = QXN×I× 10-
V. "Air volume required for diving operations, in cubic meters.m\): GE18985--2003
Q, the air flow rate required for divers using certain diving equipment to perform different labor intensity operations underwater, in liters per minute (L/min), calculated according to formula (1) and formula (3);
N.-diver-times;
Air supply time (excluding the time required for surface decompression), in minutes (min), 4.5.2 Surface decompression Required air volume
Air volume required for surface decompression after underwater operation: VaV.x
Wherein:
The air volume required for surface decompression during decompression, in cubic meters (m3) plus the volume of the ballast tank, in cubic meters (m3); P. The maximum relative pressure of the ballast tank during surface decompression, in megapascals (MPa); P.---the pressure of normal pressure, 0.10MPa;
N The number of surface decompression times.
4.5.3 The amount of oxygen required for oxygen absorption during surface decompression
V = qei ×
< XNX E0-3
The amount of oxygen required for oxygen absorption during decompression, in cubic meters (n\): qi--the resting ventilation volume of divers under normal pressure, in liters per minute (L/min), see Appendix A, P... The average relative pressure of the pressurized chamber during oxygen absorption, in megapascals (MPa); F. —Same as (G);
The time required for oxygen absorption, in minutes (min): t..
N The number of divers who need oxygen decompression,
4.5.4 The amount of air required to maintain a certain residual pressure of the air supply in the air storage container The amount of air required to maintain a certain residual pressure of the air supply in the air storage container 4.5.4.1
V -Vx X[
Wherein:
The amount of air required to maintain a certain residual pressure of the air supply in the air storage container, in cubic meters (m); Va
The total volume of the air storage container, in cubic meters (m); dd..Same as the formula)
The residual pressure that must be retained in the air storage container, in megapascals (MPa)Same as the formula (6):
The amount of oxygen required to maintain a certain residual pressure of the oxygen supply in the oxygen storage container4.5.4.2
(P+1+)
Ve- V xl
Wherein:
The amount of oxygen required to maintain a certain residual pressure of the oxygen supply in the oxygen storage container, in cubic meters (m\); (7)
CB 189852003
Total capacity of oxygen container, in cubic meters (m); P
--Formula (7):
Same as formula (6):
The residual pressure that must be retained in the oxygen container, in megapascals (MPa)4.5.5Total gas reserve
Total air reserve
V, . K, X(Vr +V +V.)
Output:
Total air reserve required for conventional diving equipment, in cubic meters (m); K.
Let the calculation number, pier 2,
V,*---Same as formula (5);
V—Same as formula (6):
V (·
4. 5. 5. 2 Total oxygen reserve
V. = K: ×(V +V)
Wherein:
V—Total oxygen reserve required for conventional air diving operations. The unit is cubic meter (m) #K.
-calculation constant, take "5;
V-formula (7);
V---same as formula (9)
4.6 Gas required for conventional oxygen diving operations 4.6.1 Gas required for diving operations using ejection regeneration nitrogen and oxygen diving equipment 4.6.1.1 Amount of oxygen required for diving operations Wa
Wherein:
-F 1)×Ca -- Q, XT,XG, +ga XT, Amount of oxygen required, unit is cubic meter (m\): Vaa
-see formula (4), take 15 1./min3
T. ..The time taken from the start of breathing nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas to the working depth during diving, in minutes (min), ,--the average water depth from the start of breathing nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas to the working depth during diving, in meters (m) d.
The oxygen concentration in the ammonia and oxygen mixed gas for breathing, in percentage (%), see Appendix B or (4):
Underwater working time, in minutes (min);
I: The time from changing to oxygen decompression to reducing to normal pressure, in minutes (min) d2--the average water depth from changing to oxygen decompression to reducing to normal pressure, in meters (m), N--same as formula (5).
4. 6. 1. 2 The amount of nitrogen required for diving operation is fdi+1
Vi -i4aXT×1
+QXT, +y X T. ×
TKAONYKAca-
N×10\
KNX(1-C,)X10
（10)
-11）
+( 12)
T..d..Ti..C.
Calculated nitrogen gas, unit is cubic meter (\): see formula (). Take 15L/mz
See formula (12):
d. Intermediate formula ()
Q. Same as formula 4)
The time taken from the beginning of leaving the bottom to the time of changing the air intake, unit is minute (min); the average water depth from the beginning of leaving the bottom to the time of changing the air intake, unit is meter (m) Same as formula (5).
4.6.1.3 Air required for full water operation
V -- 4: X
Wu Zhong:
[4+ 1]× Tx N×10-3
Required air volume, unit is cubic meter (m)q3
Yao formula (4). Take 15 L/mint
d.----The average water depth when switching to ammonia-oxygen mixed gas at the beginning of the dive, in meters (m):,
Same as formula (1):
T,---The time taken from the beginning of the dive to switching to nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas, in minutes (min);d--The average water depth when switching from air decompression to oxygen decompression, in meters (m);T
The time taken from switching from air decompression to switching from oxygen decompression, in minutes (min);-Same as formula (5),
Total oxygen reserve
4.6. 1. 4
Vah - K. x V..
Formula:
GE18985--2003
Total ammonia reserve for nitrogen and oxygen conventional diving with ejection regeneration equipment, in cubic meters (m\); Shang():
Same as (12).
4. 6. 1. 5±
Total nitrogen reserve
V.. - K. x V.
Wu Zhong:
V..Total nitrogen reserve for nitrogen and oxygen conventional diving with ejection regeneration equipment, in cubic meters (m\); K.
4. 6. 1. 6
.South formula (11
Same as (13)
Total air reserve
Vh = K. XVi
Where:
Total amount of air required for diving with nitrogen and oxygen using an ejector-regenerative diving apparatus, in m2; Same as (10):
Same as (14)
Amount of gas required for diving using a surface-supplied demand-supplied diving apparatus 4.6.2
4. 6. 2. 1
Amount of air required to pressurize the diving bell to the operating depth pressure V. =Vhx
+1×K,
+(16)
+(17)
GB 18985—2003
In Chinese:
V---required air volume, in cubic meter (m3);Vr—capacity of diving bell, in cubic meter (m3);d.de—same as formula (1);
Kc——number of diving dives,
4.6.2.2 Amount of oxygen required for diving operationV =
In Chinese:
XXC±g
The oxygen normally supplied is Zhang ()
Qsame as formula 3
d.—same as formula);
Gas supply time of nitrogen and oxygen mixture, in minute (min)C——same as formula (12):
9:P—same as formula (7)
P. -same as (0);
N-formula (5).
4.6.2.3 The amount of ammonia required for diving operation V = Q2
V where the amount of ammonia is in cubic meters (tn): Q2-formula (3):
d,d---same as ();
--same as (19),
-same as (6)
——-same as (12),
IX XN× 10
1)xtxNx(1: -c)x10
4.6.2.4 The amount of air required to pressurize the deck pressure tank to the relative pressure when docking with the diving bell P.
Vs - V. X
Where:
V—-required air volume, in cubic meters (m\); Vn": volume of the middle plate pressure chamber, in cubic meters (m\); P: "relative pressure when the combined plate pressure chamber is pressurized to dock with the diving bell, in megapascals (MPa); Pa
same as (E)
-same as (18):
total oxygen reserve
4. 6.2. 5
Vg- K.XVa
Wu Zhong:
Using surface-supplied air supply equipment for nitrogen and oxygen conventional diving, the total oxygen reserve is in cubic meters (m): K,-----Formula (11)
TKAONYKAca=
+* 20 )
V-Same as formula (10).
4.6.2.6 Total nitrogen reserve
Wu Zhong:
V. --. K. XV.
GB 189B5—2003
（233
V.——-Using water-supplied air supply equipment for nitrogen conventional diving, the total hydrogen reserve is in cubic meters (m\); K.----Same as formula (;
V. Intermediate formula (20)
4. 6.2.7 Total air purchase quantity
V.- k: xw.+V.)
武中?
V. --Total air purchase quantity for hydrogen-oxygen diving using surface-supplied air supply equipment, in cubic meters (m): K,—-same as formula (10)
-same as formula (8)
V.—-formula (2)
4.7 Gas quantity required for saturation diving
4.7.1 The volume required for air saturation diving is in accordance with G3/T12532. The most unsafe depth for falling into the water with air saturation is 15m. 4.7.1.1 Air tank required to establish an air saturated living environment
The air quantity required to establish an air saturated living environment, in cubic meters (m): V
Capacity of the living cabin. Unit is cubic meter (m) P
Equivalent to the relative pressure of the saturation depth, unit is megabars (MIa): Interval)
4.7.1.2 The amount of air required to maintain the air saturated living environment VV,
+)x+(xf+Vx)x
The amount of air required to maintain a saturated atmosphere in the room is in cubic meters (m3):
P.--.-Formula (6)
-Saturated atmosphere in the cabin, in cubic meters (m3/day) (and d)V--Volume of the cylinder, in cubic meters (m3);
V..Discharge volume. In cubic meters (m3);
M..Number of days of saturated living, in days (c); 4.7.1.3 Air conditioning required for diving bell to be pressurized to the required diving depth W -hx
(24)
- (26)
B 18985--2003
4.7. 1. 4
The volume of gas required to pressurize the diving bell to the patrol depth for a return dive, in cubic meters (m2) Formula (18)
Diving depth. Unit: meter (m);
Same as formula (1)
Number of patrols of the diving bell.
The volume of air required for a return diver for a return dive
V - Q ×
Where.
XN×t × l0\s
The air volume required for diving is in cubic meters (m3); Q2---Formula (3);
d---Same as (2)
-Formula (1):
N.-Number of divers participating in the diving;
t.-Time of diving. Unit is minute (min) 4. 7. 1. 5Amount of oxygen required for decompression
Vu 4oi X
In the formula:
Vg:---Oxygen required for decompression, in cubic meters (m3) (7
IXN. X X10-
P, "-Average relative cabin pressure of saturated living cabin during oxygen absorption, in megapascals (MPa) P~Same as formula 6)
ANumber of divers saturated with water.
4. 7. 1. 6 Total oxygen reserve
V...- K. xv..
V- Total oxygen reserve for air and diving operations. The unit is cubic meter (m) K.-x();
\-·Same as (29).
4. 7.1.7 Total air reserve www.bzxz.net
V- K: K(V-V+V+V)
Wu City;
Total air and diving operations oxygen reserve, the unit is cubic meter (): K.
Same as (0);
V, ---Same as formula (25);
Read formula (26):
V---Same as formula (27):
m----Same as formula (28)
1,7.2 Hydrogen volume required for nitrogen and oxygen saturated air diving operation (28)
+(29)
+(30)
According to R/712552, the maximum safe depth of nitrogen and oxygen saturation is 3G.5M, and the minimum safe depth of nitrogen and oxygen saturated air diving is 7c:m
TKAONYKAca=
4.7.2.1 Nitrogen volume required to establish nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment GB 18985--2003
According to GB/T 17871, when nitrogen and oxygen are saturated, the saturated living cabin is first compressed to the equivalent of 6.7 m relative pressure, and then pressurize with nitrogen to the relative pressure of the saturation depth. The amount of nitrogen required to establish a nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment: WV
The amount of nitrogen required to establish an oxygen hook and living environment, the unit is cubic meter (tt); V, Pt-
Country 25):
P is relative to the relative pressure of 6.7 m, C.067MPa; one-way formula ()
4.7.2.2 The amount of air required to establish a nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment Va.-Vux p
V-The amount of air required to establish a nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment, the unit is cubic meter (m\): Vh or (23);
Pe is the same as (32)
F:---same as (G).
4.7. 2. 3 The amount of air required to maintain a nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment ()
....( 33
During the saturation process, air is added to maintain the cabin pressure of the saturated living cabin and the partial pressure is stable. The amount of air required to maintain the nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment is:
V:
IxrI(V,×y+V,xs)x
-The air volume required to maintain the nitrogen and oxygen saturated living environment, in cubic meters (m\)Vi.P Weekly formula (35);
P.·--interval formula);
r.Vrf.V..M
Same as formula (26),
4.7. 2. 4 The amount of air required to pressurize the diving bell to the patrol depth++( 34)
During nitrogen and oxygen saturated air circuit diving, the amount of air carried by the diving bell when pressurized to the avoidance depth is calculated in the same way as for air saturated return diving, see formula (27)
4.7.2.5 The amount of air required by the diver for return diving During nitrogen and oxygen saturated air circuit diving, the amount of air required by the diver is calculated in the same way as for air saturated return diving, see formula (28). 4.7.2.6 Oxygen required for decompression and
Nitrogen saturated air circuit diving. Calculation method for oxygen volume during decompression. See formula (29). 4.7.2.7 Total oxygen reserve. Where:
Nitrogen saturated air circuit water return operation nitrogen total reserve, unit is cubic meter (m) K.
Same as formula (1)
Same as formula (32)
4.7.2.8 Total oxygen reserve
V. : KXV.
+( 353
-( 36 )
CB18985--2003
Wherein:
V, total oxygen reserve for nitrogen and oxygen saturation diving operation, in cubic meters (m3); K (
V-Same as formula (29)
4.7.2.9 Total air reserve
V, - K+x(Vi! I V.-I Ves +Va.)Wherein:
Total air reserve for nitrogen and oxygen saturation diving operation, in cubic meters (m3): Formula (0);
.----Formula 33
V*---Formula (34);
Wu (27);
.-.-- Same as (28).
4.7.3 Oxygen The amount of gas required for oxygen saturation diving operations is in accordance with (B/T12552) - the safest depth for nitrogen and oxygen saturation and tour diving is 300m. 4.7.3.1 The amount of oxygen required for oxygen saturation living environment in Jianwen (37)
During the reoxygenation period, the saturated store is first pressurized to the equivalent of 6 with a hydrogen-oxygen mixture with an oxygen concentration of 2C%.7m relative pressure, and then add hydrogen to the relative pressure of the corresponding "ten saturated depth. The amount of nitrogen required to establish a nitrogen-oxygen saturated living environment: (P.CXP)
Vi - VX
Wu Zhong:
The hydrogen required to establish an ammonia-oxygen saturated living environment, the median is cubic meter (m) WP
Same as me (25)
The fluorine concentration in the pressurized nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, the unit is percentage (%) P.-Same as me (32);
Same as Wu (6)
4.7.3.2 The amount of ammonia required to maintain an ammonia-oxygen saturated living environment (38
Nitrogen and oxygen sodium are used to supplement nitrogen to maintain the cabin pressure of the saturated cabin stable. The amount of nitrogen required to maintain the nitrogen and oxygen saturated operating environment is:
: (x+.xx×
V:: - the amount of nitrogen required to maintain the nitrogen and oxygen saturated operating environment, in cubic decimeters (m\); VP-·same test (23):
P-same formula)
4. 7. 3. 3 The amount of oxygen required to pressurize the diving bell to the patrol depth during diving - (39)
During diving, the diving bell is only pressurized to a relative pressure of 6.7m with a 20% oxygen concentration of hydrogen and oxygen, and then pressurized with ammonia to a relative pressure equivalent to the diving depth. The amount of nitrogen required to pressurize the diving bell to the patrol depth during diving! V=VbX
Wu Zhong:
(de.-Cor d ) 1
V The amount of nitrogen required to add to the diving bell to the diving depth, in millimeters (18):
TKAONYKAca-
-(43)
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