Some standard content:
ICS 01. 040. 01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19231—2003
Basic terminology of land
2003-07-01Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
2003-11-01Implementation
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources.
GB/T 19231-2003
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the International Cooperation and Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources. This standard was drafted by the China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, and the participating drafting units include the Land and Resources Standardization Research Center, the College of Agricultural Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University, the School of Information and Communication of China Agricultural University, the Department of Agricultural Economics of Renmin University of China, and the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
The main drafters of this standard are: Zheng Zhenyuan, Zhang Xiaoling, Shi Yinzhi, Sun Xianzhong, Zhu Yong, Li Guigui, Miao Ze, Xiao Yamin, Yu Zhenrong, Yan Tailai, Ni Shaoxiang, Bi Baode, Qu Futian, Zhang Mingda. This standard is entrusted to the China Land Surveying and Planning Institute for interpretation. GB/T19231—2003
The standardization of terms is the basis of standardization activities. In order to promote the construction of land science disciplines, improve the scientific nature of land management work, and strengthen international cooperation and exchanges in the fields of land science and land management, this terminology standard is specially compiled to scientifically unify and standardize land terms in land science and land management work. This standard is divided into six chapters: land, land use, land economy, land law, land survey and land management. The scope and principles of this standard:
a) The scope of word selection is mainly based on basic terms that can cover the main contents in the field of land science and land management; b) Terms that have been clearly defined in relevant disciplines such as geography, soil science, geology, ecology, surveying, economics, and law are not included;
c) In terms of time and space, the terms are limited to those used on the mainland after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Some terms that have been used in history and are used in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign countries but not used in China are not included. In principle, the terms in this standard are only given one English corresponding word. If there are several English corresponding words, only two are listed, and the authoritative works shall prevail.
1 Scope
Basic land terms
This standard specifies the basic land terms in land science and land management. This standard is applicable to the fields of land science research, teaching and land management. 2 Normative references
GB/T 19231—2003
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T50280—1998 Basic terminology standard for urban planning GB50298—1999 Scenic spot planning specification GBJ137-1990 Classification of urban land use and standard for planned construction land 3 Land
Landland
A certain range of land on the earth's land surface, including all the attributes of the biosphere vertically above and below it, is a material system formed by the interaction of near-surface climate, geomorphology, surface geology, hydrology, soil, flora and fauna, and the results of past and present human activities. 3.1.2
land science
Land science
A group of disciplines that studies land as a natural, economic and social complex, the relationship between land and people, and the relationship between people with land as the medium.
Total land area
The total land area of a country or region, including inland waters and coastal beaches, excluding territorial waters. 3.1.4
Land component The various components that make up the land, including near-surface climate, geomorphology, surface geology, hydrology, soil, flora and fauna, and the material results of human activities.
Land cover
Land cover (replaced term)
Surface cover such as natural and artificial vegetation and buildings that can be observed directly or through remote sensing. 3. 1.5.1
Land cover classification The process of classifying land cover (3.1.5) according to the proposed classification standards for a certain purpose. 1
GB/T19231-—2003
Land cover typeland cover type
Identifiable and defined land cover (3.1.5) categories. 3.1.6
Land classificationland classification
The process of summarizing, merging or subdividing land at different levels of detail based on a specific purpose and according to certain standards, and distinguishing types with different properties and characteristics.
Note 1: Including land type classification, land cover classification, land use classification, land use suitability or land potential classification, land planning use classification, land ownership classification, etc.
Note 2: Broadly speaking, land classification includes land hierarchical classification. 3. 1.7
Hierarchical classification of landThe process of dividing land into a series of hierarchical land units (3.1.8) with different levels of complexity by merging from bottom to top or subdividing from top to bottom based on a specific purpose and according to certain standards. 3.1.8
land unit
a plot of land having specific land characteristics (3.2.3) and qualities (3.2.4(2)) that can be delineated on a map. 3.2
land attribute
land attribute
a description of the general or specific nature of land. 3.2.2
land property
a property that describes the function and/or value of a particular type of land. 3.2.3
land characteristics
a land characteristic
a measurable attribute of land that distinguishes one land unit from another (3.1.8) or describes a land quality (3.2.4(2)). 3.2.4
Land qualityIand quality
(1) General term) The degree to which land functions meet human needs (2) <Special term for land evaluation) A composite land attribute consisting of a set of land characteristics (3.2.3) that significantly affects the suitability of land for a specific use.
(Land) limitationlimitation(of land) A land attribute (3.2.1) that negatively affects the land potential (3.5.2) or suitability (3.5.3) of a land unit for a specific land use. 3.2.6
Land locationJocation
The spatial location of land.
Land type
Land type
land type
A series of land units (3.1.8) with different characteristics and differences divided according to the characteristics of land elements (3.1.4) and their different combinations.
Land type classificationland type classificationGB/T 19231-2003
The process of forming land types (3.3.1) with different properties and characteristics by subdividing or merging them to different degrees at the same level and at different levels according to the similarities or differences in the attributes and combinations of the land elements (3.1.4) of each land unit within a certain area. 3.3.3
Hierarchical elassification of land type The process of forming a series of hierarchical land types (3.3.1) with different levels of complexity by merging them from bottom to top or subdividing them from top to bottom according to the similarities or differences in the attributes and combinations of the land elements (3.1.4) of each land unit within a certain area. 3.3.4
Land type classification system The type sequence formed by merging or subdividing them step by step in the process of land type classification (3.3.3). 3. 3. 4.1
land order
land zone
The largest land area classification unit divided according to the difference in the combination characteristics of macroclimatic water and heat conditions. 3.3.4.2
land region
land division
A land area classification unit divided according to the primary geomorphic unit within a land order. 3.3.4.3
land province
A land area classification unit divided according to the secondary geomorphic unit within a land region. 3.3.4.4
land regionland region
Ecompound and complex land systemCompound and complex land system
A land area classification unit composed of several land types (3.3.4.5) that are genetically related in geomorphology or formed by different lithologies in the same geomorphic unit within a land province (3.3.4.3). 3.3.4.5
land classland class
land systemland system
A land type classification unit with relatively consistent surface climate, topographically closely related and recurring landform-soil combination and vegetation pattern within a land region (3.3.4.4). 3.3.4.6
land facetland facetland facet
urochishche
A land type classification unit composed of a group of genetically related sites under the same local climate and subject to geomorphic units within a land system (3.3.4.5).
(Land) site
land facies
land element
ecotope
A land unit with basically the same microclimate, microtopography, soil type and vegetation characteristics for practical use within a land type (3.3.4.6); that is, the lowest level of land type classification unit. 3.3.5
Land pattern; pattern of land type A certain spatial pattern formed by the regular combination of a number of land types (3.3.1) that are different in nature but have genetic connections with each other in a region.
Land structure configuration
type of land pattern
The certain spatial pattern or pattern of the combination of land types that constitute the land structure (3.3.5), usually in the form of patches, concentric circles, grids, chessboards, etc.
Succession of land structure patternThe process of change in the occurrence and development of the components and (or) configuration of land structure under the influence of natural and (or) human factors. 3.3.8
Land structure classificationland pattern classificationThe process of classifying land structure according to certain standards based on the characteristics of land structure formation and configuration. 3.4
Land ecology
Land ecosystemland ecosystem
The open, dynamic, hierarchical and feedback system formed by the mutual connection, interdependence and constraints between the various components of land and their environment.
Land ecology
A discipline that studies the components, structure, function, spatial distribution, development and succession of land ecosystems (3.4.1) from an ecological perspective, as well as human impacts and their regulatory mechanisms. 3.4.3
Type of land ecosystemType of land ecosystem
A category of land ecosystems with the same or similar composition, structure and specific ecological functions. 3.4.4
Agro-ecological zoning·agro-ecological zoningThe process of dividing the land of a region into smaller units according to the similarities and differences of characteristics related to land suitability, production potential and environmental impact (3.2.3).
Agro-ecological unitagro-ecological unit; agro-ecological cellA land unit with consistent soil and climate characteristics and land element combinations, it is the basic unit for natural evaluation in agro-ecological zoning (3.4.4).
Agro-ecological zone A land mapping unit with similar production potential and limitations (3.2.5) divided according to characteristics such as climate, topography, soil composition, or land cover (3.1.5). It is composed of several agro-ecological units (3.4.4.1). 3.4.5
Land ecological evaluation Land ecological evaluation The process of comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the health status, suitability, environmental impact, service function and value of various land ecological types (3.4.3). &
Land ecological planning Land ecological planning GB/T19231—2003
Based on ecological principles, with the goal of improving the overall function of land ecosystems at the regional scale, the process of proposing plans and countermeasures to optimize the structure and pattern of land ecosystems based on land ecological analysis and comprehensive evaluation. 3.4.7
Land ecological designland ecological designingThe process of optimizing and selecting various land ecological types (3.4.3) according to land ecological planning (3.4.6) and designing land ecosystems and their combined structures and patterns that meet the planning objectives. 3.4.8
Land ecological constructionland ecological constructionThe process of proposing and implementing ecological reconstruction plans for land remediation, restoration and enhancement of ecological functions based on comprehensive research and analysis of the sources of damage, scope of damage, degree of damage, productivity level, and resource status of land ecological elements. 3.4.9
Land ecological economic systemland eco-economic systemA complex system formed by the coupling of land ecosystems (3.4.1) and economic systems in time and space. 3.4.10
Land ecological economic zoningeco-economic reginalizationA land zoning method and process that integrates the natural elements of land resources with socio-economic factors and multiple land uses. 3.4.11
Land ecological economics is a discipline that studies the interaction and connection between the various components of the land ecological economic system (3.4.9), the structure, function, evolution law of the system, and its formation, development and regulation. 3.5
Land function
Land functionland function
The ability of land to meet human production and living needs. 3.5.2
Land potentialland［use]capabilityLand capacity; land use possibility
Under a certain level of management and operation, the ability of a land unit (3.1.8) to provide sustainable benefits to several major land use categories such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and tourism, determined by the limitations of natural factors (3.2.5). 3.5.3
land suitability
The suitability of a land unit (3.1.8) for a specific land use (4.1.2) or land use pattern (4.1.4). 3.5.4
Land productivityland productive capacityThe production level and output effect formed by the different combinations of land, labor and labor tools as the object of labor.
Land productivityland productivity
The output or output value of a unit area of land at a certain input level. GB/T 19231—2003
Land productivityland potential productivity; land productive potentialThe biological output or harvested product output that can be achieved per unit area of land determined by natural factors such as light, temperature, water and soil. 3. 5. 6. 1
Photosynthetic productivitypotential productivity by radiationThe biological output or harvested product output that can be achieved per unit area of land for crops with an ideal population structure, when the environmental conditions such as temperature, water and nutrients are all in ideal conditions during their growth and development, and determined only by light radiation factors. 3.5.6.2
potential productivity by radiation and temperature
maximum potential yieldmaximum potential yieldBased on the photosynthetic productivity potential (3.5.6.1), all other environmental conditions except temperature are in ideal conditions, and the biological yield or harvest yield per unit area of land is determined by the two factors of light and temperature. 3.5.6.3
agro-climatic potential productivityBased on the photosynthetic productivity potential (3.5.6.2), all other environmental conditions except water are in ideal conditions, and the biological yield or harvest yield per unit area of land is determined by the three climatic factors of light, temperature and water. 3.5.7
Epotential productivity assessment of land
The process of assessing the land productivity potential (3.5.6) of each land unit (3.1.8) within a certain geographical area under a certain management level.
Carrying capacity of landThe maximum amount of biological survival allowed per unit area of land while maintaining the ecological environment quality. 3.5.8.1
Population supporting capacity (of land) (Land) Population carrying capacity
Population capacity
The number of people with a certain consumption level supported by the food produced by a certain area of land resources (3.5.11). 3.5.8.2
Potential population supporting capacity (of land)The number of people with a certain consumption level that can be supported by the food production potential of a certain area of land. 3.5.8.3
Livestock carrying capacityThe number of livestock that can be supported by a certain area of grassland under the condition of ensuring sustainable use of grassland within a certain period of time. 3.5.9
Potential population supporting capacity assessment (of land) The process of assessing the population carrying capacity (3.5.8.2) of land within a certain geographical area at a certain level of input. 3. 5. 9. 1
Population density population density
The number of people per unit area of land.
3. 5. 9.2
Population carrying capacity ratio populationratio
The ratio of the population carrying capacity (3.5.8.2) of the land to the current or predicted population; expressed by formula (1): 6
Where:
R—population carrying capacity ratio;
C——population carrying capacity;
P current or predicted population.
Note: A population carrying capacity ratio of 1 indicates population overload; a population carrying capacity ratio ≥ 1 indicates a carrying capacity surplus. 3.5.10
Land sustainabilityland sustainability GB/T 19231-2003
· (1)
A measure of whether a given land use system (4.1.5) can maintain its acceptable productivity or service level at a realistic level of input without causing sustained damage to the environment. 3.5.11
Land resourceland resource
Land available for human use under current and foreseeable future technical and economic conditions. 3.5.12
land resource science
Land resource science
A discipline that studies the interaction of its components, its comprehensive characteristics, its temporal and spatial changes, and its development, utilization and protection, taking land as a resource. 3.6
Land evaluation
Land evaluationland evaluation
The assessment of the performance of land for a particular purpose, including investigation and analysis of its composition and the impacts of human activities on it, as well as comparison of land quality (3.2.4(1)) or determination of sustainable land use types (4.1.3) and uses (4.1.4) for the purpose of the evaluation.
Land evaluation systemland evaluation systemA set of specific land evaluation methods and procedures designed for different evaluation purposes. 3.6.3
Types of land evaluation systems
3.6. 3. 1
General-purpose land evaluationgeneral-purpose land evaluation (superseded term)A type of land evaluation system that uses a broad land use category (e.g., agriculture, forestry, tourism, etc.) as the evaluation objective without specifying in detail the specific land use being evaluated. See: specific-purpose land evaluation (3.6.3.2). 3.6.3.2
Special-purpose land evaluation Special-purpose land evaluation (replaced term) A type of land evaluation system that takes a well-defined specific land use type (4.1.3) or use method (4.1.4) or management measure as the evaluation target.
See: General-purpose land evaluation (3.6.3.1). 3.6.3.3
(Land evaluation) Category system Category system (of land evaluation) A type of land evaluation system that classifies land into several sequential categories based on some land characteristic thresholds that determine its use performance.
See: (Land evaluation) Parameter system (3.6.3.4). 3.6.3.4
(Land evaluation) parametric system (of land evaluation) A type of land evaluation system that uses mathematical models to link the land characteristics of a land unit that determine its performance to derive an expected yield or index, thereby classifying the land. See: (Land evaluation) classification system (3.6.3.3). 3.6.3.5
qualitative land evaluation
qualitative land evaluation A type of land evaluation system in which the evaluation results are expressed only in a qualitative manner, without performing yield or input-output analysis. See: quantitative land evaluation (3.6.3.6). 3.6.3.6
quantitative land evaluation
quantitative land evaluation A type of land evaluation system in which the evaluation results are expressed in quantitative numbers, and the suitability of different uses can be compared. See: qualitative land evaluation (3.6.3.5). 3.6.3.7
physical land evaluation A type of land evaluation system that evaluates the utilization capacity or suitability of land mainly based on the natural attributes of the land, and uses the quantity of physical objects (such as crop yields, etc.) to express its evaluation results. See: economic land evaluation (3.6.3.8). 3.6.3.8
economic land evaluation A type of land evaluation system that conducts socio-economic analysis on the basis of natural evaluation, and uses comparable economic benefit indicators (such as land output value per unit area, investment return rate, differential income, etc.) to express its evaluation results. See: natural land evaluation (3.6.3.7). 3.6.4
Types of land evaluation systems
Land potential evaluationland (use) capability evaluation; land (use) capability classificationland capability evaluation
Land use possibility evaluation
A land evaluation system that divides land into several categories according to the number and degree of restrictions (3.2.5) of natural elements of land on several major land use categories such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and tourism. Note: A land evaluation system that belongs to general objectives. 3.6.4.2
Land suitability evaluationlandsuitabilityevaluation; landsuitabilityclassificationA land evaluation system that evaluates and classifies specific land units according to the suitability, degree of suitability and type of restrictions for a given land use type (4.1.3) or use method (4.1.4). Note: A land evaluation system that belongs to specific objectives. 3.6.4.2.1
Current suitability evaluation Current suitability evaluation Land evaluation that assesses the suitability of a land unit for a given land use type (4.1.3) or land use mode (4.1.4) in the current situation without major land improvement.
3.6.4.2.2
Potential suitability evaluation Potential suitability evaluation GB/T 19231—2003
Land evaluation that assesses the suitability of a land unit for a given land use type (4.1.3) or land use mode (4.1.4) after major land improvement.
Sustainable land use evaluation Sustainable land management evaluation A land evaluation system that assesses the sustainability (3.5.10) of a given land use system (4.1.5) in a specific area or location and over a specific period of time.
Land rating
A land evaluation system that comprehensively evaluates the natural and economic attributes of land units for a given land use (4.1.2) and divides them into comparable quality grades within a certain area based on their production capacity or economic benefits. 3.6.5
Land evaluation methods
3. 6.5. 1
Land use requirements Land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4(2)) required for the effective and sustainable implementation of a land use type (4.1.3) or use method (4.1.4).
Note: This includes the ecological requirements, management requirements, ecological protection requirements and land improvement requirements of the crops, grass species, trees or livestock being evaluated. 3.6.5.2
(Land) evaluation unit (land) mapping unit The basic unit of land evaluation and mapping that can be distinguished on the map and has specific land characteristics (3.2.3) and land quality (3.2.4 (2)).
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Diagnostic criterion Class-determining factor has an important influence on the potential, suitability or sustainability of the land use type (4.1.3) or use mode (4.1.4) being evaluated, and is used to assess the land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4 (2)). 3.6.5.4
critical value eritical limit The limit value of an evaluation factor (3.6.5.3) that is critical to the classification of different levels of land suitability (3.5.3), land potential (3.5.2) or sustainability (3.5.10). bzxz.net
diagnostic factor rating The process of rating each land evaluation unit (3.6.5.2) according to the critical value (3.6.5.4) of each evaluation factor (3.6.5.3). 3.6.5.6
(environmental) indicator In sustainable land use evaluation (3.6.4.3), an environmental variable that measures or reflects changes in environmental conditions or conditions. 3.6.5.7
(Environmental indicator factor) threshold value A value of an attribute of an environmental indicator factor (3.6.5.6) that has a significant impact on the change of the land use system (4.1.5).2) A land evaluation system that comprehensively evaluates the natural and economic attributes of land units and divides them into comparable quality levels within a certain area based on their production capacity or economic benefits. 3.6.5
Land evaluation methods
3.6.5.1
Land use requirements Land use requirements A type of land use (4.1.3) or mode of use (4.1.4) that effectively and sustainably implements the required land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4(2)).
Note: Includes the ecological requirements, management requirements, ecological protection requirements and land improvement requirements of the crops, grass species, trees or livestock being evaluated. 3.6.5.2
(Land) evaluation unit (land) mapping unit The basic unit of land evaluation and mapping that can be distinguished on a map and has specific land characteristics (3.2.3) and land quality (3.2.4(2)).
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Diagnostic criterion Class-determining factor has an important impact on the potential, suitability or sustainability of the land use type (4.1.3) or land use mode (4.1.4) being evaluated, and is used to assess the land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4 (2)) of the grade. 3.6.5.4
Critical value eritical limit The limit value of the evaluation factor (3.6.5.3) that is critical to the classification of different levels of land suitability (3.5.3), land potential (3.5.2) or sustainability (3.5.10).
Diagnostic factor rating The process of evaluating the grade of each land evaluation unit (3.6.5.2) according to the critical value (3.6.5.4) of each evaluation factor (3.6.5.3). 3.6.5.6
(Environmental) indicator In sustainable land use evaluation (3.6.4.3), an environmental variable that measures or reflects changes in environmental conditions or conditions. 3.6.5.7
(Environmental indicator) threshold A value of an attribute of an environmental indicator (3.6.5.6) that has a significant impact on changes in the land use system (4.1.5). 92) A land evaluation system that comprehensively evaluates the natural and economic attributes of land units and divides them into comparable quality levels within a certain area based on their production capacity or economic benefits. 3.6.5
Land evaluation methods
3.6.5.1
Land use requirements Land use requirements A type of land use (4.1.3) or mode of use (4.1.4) that effectively and sustainably implements the required land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4(2)).
Note: Includes the ecological requirements, management requirements, ecological protection requirements and land improvement requirements of the crops, grass species, trees or livestock being evaluated. 3.6.5.2
(Land) evaluation unit (land) mapping unit The basic unit of land evaluation and mapping that can be distinguished on a map and has specific land characteristics (3.2.3) and land quality (3.2.4(2)).
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Evaluation factor diagnostic factor
Diagnostic criterion Class-determining factor has an important impact on the potential, suitability or sustainability of the land use type (4.1.3) or land use mode (4.1.4) being evaluated, and is used to assess the land characteristics (3.2.3) or land quality (3.2.4 (2)) of the grade. 3.6.5.4
Critical value eritical limit The limit value of the evaluation factor (3.6.5.3) that is critical to the classification of different levels of land suitability (3.5.3), land potential (3.5.2) or sustainability (3.5.10).
Diagnostic factor rating The process of evaluating the grade of each land evaluation unit (3.6.5.2) according to the critical value (3.6.5.4) of each evaluation factor (3.6.5.3). 3.6.5.6
(Environmental) indicator In sustainable land use evaluation (3.6.4.3), an environmental variable that measures or reflects changes in environmental conditions or conditions. 3.6.5.7
(Environmental indicator) threshold A value of an attribute of an environmental indicator (3.6.5.6) that has a significant impact on changes in the land use system (4.1.5). 9
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