CB/T 180-1998 Hand lay-up process for glass fiber reinforced plastic products for ships
Some standard content:
1CS 47.020
Registration No.: 2429-1999
Ship Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
CB/T180—1998
Technology of marine GFRP products hand lay up method1998-12-29 Issued
China State Shipbuilding Corporation
1999-06-01 Implementation
CB/T180—1998
This standard is a revision of the guiding technical document "CB/Z180-80% Hand Lay-up Forming Process for Marine FRP Products". In the original standard, the raw materials mentioned in the unsaturated polyester resin are limited to a few brands, but now the unsaturated polyester is produced in many brands and a wide range, so this standard only refers to a certain range of indicators, not a specific brand. In the past, most glass cloths used alkali-free glass cloths, but now medium-alkali glass cloths are widely used, so the strength indicators of glass fiber reinforced plastics have also been revised.
The quality of current products has improved. Most of the surfaces use gel coat resins, so new requirements are put forward for the mold, and the surface uses surface felt. From the date of implementation, this standard will replace CB/Z180—80. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all appendices of the standard. This standard is proposed by the Shipbuilding Technology Sub-Committee of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Marine Ships. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the 11th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. The drafting unit of this standard is Wuhu Shipyard, 601 Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Su Jinlian, Jiangnan, Ren Xiangju and Song Yanhuan. 1 Scope
Ship Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
CB/T180—1998
Classification number: U06
Technology of marine GFRP products hand lay up method Replaces CB/Z180-80
This standard specifies the materials and technical requirements involved in the hand lay up process of marine GFRP products, the selection of mold materials and types, the preparation of resin matrix, the molding method, quality requirements, etc. This standard is applicable to products other than hulls, which use glass fiber and its products as reinforcement materials and unsaturated polyester resin. All hand lay-up room temperature curing glass fiber reinforced plastic products with epoxy resin as the matrix material (hereinafter referred to as glass fiber reinforced plastic products). 2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. Chemical reagents Preparation of standard solutions for quantitative analysis (volume analysis) GB601—88
GB1447-83 Test method for tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics GB1449—83
GB 145i--83
GB2577—89
GB2895—82
GB385483
GB5083—85
Test method for flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics Test method for simply supported beam impact toughness of glass fiber reinforced plastics Test method for resin content of glass fiber reinforced plastics Determination of acid value of unsaturated polyresins
Test method for Bacol hardness of fiber reinforced plastics General principles for safety and sanitation design of production equipment
GB7193.1—87
GB 7193.3—87
GB 7193.5—87
GB7193.6—87
Unsaturated polyester resin
Method for determination of viscosity
Unsaturated polyester resin
Unsaturated polyester resin
Method for determination of solid content
Method for determination of thermal stability at 80C
Method for determination of gel time at 25C
Unsaturated polyester resin
GB7193.792 Test method for color of liquid unsaturated polyester resin
GB13657—92 Bisphenol-A type epoxy resin 3 Materials and technical requirements
All materials of glass fiber reinforced plastic products include base material, auxiliary agent, reinforcing material, core material, etc. 3.1 Base material
The base materials used in glass fiber reinforced plastic products are general-purpose non-foaming polyester resin and epoxy resin. 3.1.1 The performance indexes of general-purpose unsaturated polyester resin shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Approved by China State Shipbuilding Corporation on December 29, 1998, and implemented on June 1, 1999
Test method
Transparent light yellow wave
CB/T180—1998
Performance indexes of general-purpose unsaturated polyester resinViscosity
(KOH/g)
GB2895
(25℃)
0.25~0.85
Solid content
Gel-curing time
(25℃)
GB7193.1GB9193.3GB7193.6
3.1.2 The performance indexes of epoxy resin (bisphenol-A type resin) shall meet the requirements of GB13657. Thermal stability
(20℃)
(80℃)
3.2 Auxiliary agents
The auxiliary agents used in the matrix material of glass fiber reinforced plastic products during molding are initiators, accelerators, curing agents, etc. Thixotropic index
3.2.1 The composition, dosage and applicable conditions of the commonly used initiators for unsaturated polyester resins shall meet the requirements of Table 2. The dosage is based on 100g of resin. The active oxygen content of each batch of initiators needs to be analyzed. The method for determining the active oxygen content is shown in Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). Table 2 Commonly used initiators for unsaturated polyester resins
Heavy base composition
(calculated based on 100g of resin)
50% benzoyl peroxide ortho
! Phthalic acid dibutylaldehyde boron
50% cyclohexanone peroxide
phthalic acid dibutyl ester paste
60% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
phthalic acid dibutyl ester solution
Active oxygen content
About 6.0
10.0±0.2
Applicable conditions
Used with model CJ1 in Table 3, room temperature curing (heat curing 100~140℃/1~10min)
Used with model CJ2 in Table 3, room temperature curing Used with model CJ2 in Table 3, room temperature curing 2 The composition, dosage and applicable conditions of common accelerators for unsaturated polyester resins shall comply with the requirements of Table 3. The determination method of cobalt content is shown in Appendix B (Standard Appendix) of 3.2.2.
Table 3 Commonly used accelerators for unsaturated polyester resins
Weight group
10% dimethylaniline solution in styrene
Ethylene extract solution containing 0.3%~0.6% metallic cobalt g
(calculated based on 100g resin)
3.2.3 The performance of commonly used amine curing agents for epoxy resins shall comply with the requirements of Table 4. Applicable conditions
Used with Model YF1 in Table 2 Rapid room temperature curing
Used with Model YF2 or Model YF3 in Table 2 Room temperature curing
Ethylenediamine
Blue ethylenediamine
Xylenediamine
O- and meta-positions
Mixed structure
Structural formula
I NH,-CH,-CH,-NH,
: NH:-CH=CH-NH-CH
CB/T 180--1998
Table 4 Commonly used curing agents for epoxy resins
(Melting point》Molecular weight
=CH-NH-CH=CH-NH:
CH,-NH,
-CH,- NH:
NH:-CH-CH -NH
9-Hydroxyethyl
Ethylenediamine
Polyamide
651#）
CH, -CH,--OH
CH -NH
Mixture of amines modified with aromatic genes
(CH,), - CO - NH - C,H, - NHRCH
CH-(CH.3, - CO - NH - C,H. - NHRCH--CH: - CH - CH - (CH,), - CH,(CH,),- CH
The theoretical dosage of various amines can be calculated as follows: W. =HE
Wherein: W. ---Amount of 100g resin amine. M—Amine molecule:
H. Number of active hydrogens in amine:
E-—Epoxy value.
According to the ambient temperature, the actual dosage of curing agent can be 0.9W~1.1W. 60.1
146.224.36
Light color
Yellow brown
According to 100g
Non-resin index)
Curing conditions
Room temperature curing
Viscosity: 22~30
Yellow brown
140~80
Room temperature 24
Room temperature 168
3.3 Reinforcement materials
The reinforcement materials used in glass fiber reinforced plastic products are glass fiber and its products, mainly including alkali-free cloth, medium alkali cloth, surface mat, chopped strand mat, etc.
The alkali content of alkali-free cloth should not be more than 2%: the alkali content of medium alkali cloth is 5%~12%. Its impregnation agent is general type or enhanced type. 3.4 Core material
The core materials used in glass fiber reinforced plastic products include wood, foam plastics and honeycomb materials, and they should meet the following requirements respectively: CB/T180--1998
a) Hardwood or pine can be used according to the structure and force requirements of the product. Its water content should not exceed 18%; b) Foam plastics mainly use hard polyvinyl chloride foam plastics, polyurethane foam plastics and phenolic foam plastics: c) Honeycomb materials mainly use glass fiber reinforced plastic honeycombs, paper honeycombs, aramid honeycombs and aluminum alloy honeycombs. 3.5 Release agent
3.5.1 The release agents used in the molding of glass fiber reinforced plastic products are: a) Wax release agent: Release wax:
b) Solvent release agent: Polyvinyl alcohol solution, perchlorethylene solution, silicone rubber gasoline solution, paraffin-gasoline solution: c) Film release agent: Polyester film, polyethylene film. 3.5.2 The formula of solvent release agent is shown in Table 5. Table 5 Solvent-based release agent formula
Polyvinyl alcohol
Solution formula
Venezene
Solution formula
Polyvinyl alcohol
Venezene
Venezene
Ethanol should be added by dropwise addition
3.5.3 When selecting a release agent, different release agents can be selected according to the shape and complexity of the mold. For molds of glass fiber reinforced plastic products with high surface quality requirements, release wax is used at one stage, but wax release agents shall not be used for molds of glass fiber reinforced plastic products with paint or glue on the surface. For molds with complex structures, two release agents can also be used in combination. 3.6 Gel coat resin
For glass fiber reinforced plastic products with anti-aging and aesthetic requirements, gel coat resin should be used on the surface. 3.7 Inspection and storage of materials
3.7.1 The quality of materials used in glass fiber reinforced plastic products should be checked before use, and chemical analysis and physical performance tests should be conducted when necessary.
3.7.2 When storing, appropriate safety measures should be taken for flammable and explosive materials. a) For chemicals, in order to prevent material deterioration, they should generally be stored in a ventilated and cool room, and the temperature should be controlled below 20°C. b) Accelerators and initiators must be stored separately. c) Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide should never be stored in a metal barrel to prevent combustion, explosion and corrosion. d) Glass cloth should be stored in a dry and ventilated place to prevent moisture. Before use, it should be dried at a temperature of 100~~110°C for 24 hours. 4 Selection of mold materials and types
4.1 The mold materials for hand lay-up glass fiber reinforced plastic products are generally wood, metal, glass fiber reinforced plastic, gypsum or hard foam plastic. The transition mold used to make glass fiber reinforced plastic molds is often made of gypsum cement molds or wooden molds. Generally, the mold material is selected according to the following principles: a) Wooden molds are used for small and medium-sized and complex products; b) Metal molds are used for small and large-scale products with high surface quality requirements; c) Gypsum cement molds are used for small-scale products: CB/T180-1998
d) Glass fiber reinforced plastic molds are used for large-scale products. 4.2 The mold structure types include female molds, male molds, half molds, integral molds and combined molds. The mold type is generally selected according to the following principles: a) Products that require a very smooth outer surface and accurate linear shape and the surface to be coated with gel coat use female molds; b) Products that require good molding conditions, easy control of glue content, and smooth inner surface use male molds; c) Completely symmetrical products can use half molds; d) Products with simple structures use integral molds; e) Products with complex structures that are difficult to demold use combined molds. 5 Preparation of resin matrixbzxZ.net
5.1 Resin matrix formula
The commonly used formulas of resin matrix are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Common formulas for resin matrix
Formula for unsaturated polyester resin matrix
Formula for gel coat resin matrix
Formula for epoxy resin matrix
Unsaturated polyester resin
Cyclohexanone peroxide paste
Peraminated methyl ethyl ketone
Cobalt cyclohexanate
Gel coat resin
Cyclohexanone peroxide paste
Methyl ethyl ketone perchloride
Cobalt cyclohexanate
Subject material paste|| tt||E-44 Epoxy Resin
Formula 1
Dibutyl Phthalate
Triethylenetetramine
Formula 2
5.2 Preparation Process
5.2.1 Weigh unsaturated polyester resin or gel coat resin according to the formula in Table 6, add initiator and stir evenly, then add accelerator and stir evenly for use (the resin with accelerator can also be stored for one day, and then the proportion can be adjusted when it is used, and the initiator can be added to adjust the proportion before use). Before adjusting the glue, a gel test should be performed to determine the formula of the resin matrix. Adjust the proportion during construction. 5.2.2 Weigh epoxy resin according to the formula in Table 6, add dibutyl phthalate and acetone and stir evenly for use. When using, add amine curing agent according to the proportion and stir evenly before use. Do not adjust the glue too much each time to avoid violent reaction and explosion. Use as needed, and the amount used each time is about 3~5kg. When mixing the glue, the temperature should be controlled. In summer, ice water can be used to cool the glue to below 20℃. 6 Molding method
6.1 Preparation before molding
6.1.1 Before molding the product, select the mold material, type and release agent according to its shape and structural characteristics. 5
CB/T180-1998
6.1.2 Cut the glass cloth or glass fiber felt according to the thickness, shape, size and structural requirements of the product. 6.1.3 Apply the selected release agent. If it is a solvent-based release agent, it needs to be applied 2~3 times. After each application, let it dry thoroughly before applying the second coat. After the last application, it needs to be dry thoroughly before applying the glue liquid for molding. If release wax is used as a release agent, the waxing process must be strictly controlled. Apply wax 5~8 times on the new mold. Each time, the interval is 20~30min. It must be polished in an S shape. For used molds, only one wax needs to be applied before each molding.
6.1.4 Prepare the resin matrix glue liquid according to 5.2. 6.2 Molding process
6.2.1 When pasting glass fiber reinforced plastic, for products that need to be made into gel coat, the prepared gel coat resin should be evenly brushed or sprayed on the mold surface with the release agent. Generally, two coats are required. After the first coat is brushed, wait for it to solidify to the initial setting (not sticky) before applying the second coat of gel coat (the thickness of the two coats is 0.3~0.5mm). When the second coat is initially setting, paste the cut surface felt or fine cloth on the gel coat. Then prepare the resin matrix glue liquid, add the pigment paste of the same color as the gel coat resin, stir evenly, and then evenly apply it on the surface felt or fine cloth. Roll it flat with a special roller for glass fiber reinforced plastic, then paste the coarse cloth and roll it flat. Continue in this way until the required thickness is reached. 6.2.2 For products without gel coat resin on the surface, the prepared glue should be directly applied on the mold surface after the release agent is applied (after it is fully dried), and then the glue is applied, the glue is applied again, the glue is applied, and the glue is applied. Finally, the glue is rolled flat to remove all bubbles.
6.2.3 When pasting the cloth, the overlap of the glass cloth should be staggered, and the overlap width should be between 40100mm. Thicker glass fiber mats can be butt-jointed, but the adjacent joints inside and outside should be staggered. 6.2.4 If the product cannot be molded in one go due to its size, shape, thickness and operation time, it can be molded multiple times, but the interval should not be too long (generally not more than 24 hours). When molding for the second time, the surface dirt should generally be removed and roughened. It can also be covered with a layer of glass cloth after the first molding, and removed when molding again. 6.3 Post-processing of products
The molded product can be demoulded after curing for 24 hours at above 20°C. After demoulding, it should be placed at room temperature for another day. d.In winter, it needs to be placed for about 14 days before it can be delivered for use. Urgently used products can be heated and post-processed after 24 hours. Products with accurate size requirements can be post-processed by continuous mold. General products can be heated and post-processed after demolding. The post-processing conditions are: a) Unsaturated polyester resin glass fiber reinforced material: 40C constant temperature 0.5h-60C constant temperature 5h-80C constant temperature 4h cooling to room temperature with the furnace:
b) Epoxy resin glass fiber reinforced plastic: 40C constant temperature 0.5h-60C constant temperature 4h 80C constant temperature 3h-100C constant temperature 2h → cooling to room temperature with the furnace.
6.4 Connection method
For glass fiber reinforced plastic products with complex structures, if one mold cannot be used for molding, more than two molds can be used for molding. After molding, use adhesive or bolts and rivets to connect to form a complete glass fiber reinforced plastic product. The specific method to be selected should be determined according to the appearance, structure and strength requirements of the glass fiber reinforced plastic product. 6.4.1 When using the adhesive bonding method, the surface dirt of the product should be removed and roughened before bonding to enhance the bonding strength. When bonding, apply adhesive (adhesive adjustment method according to 5.2.2) on the bonding surface and then apply two layers of glass cloth to enhance the bonding strength and improve the flatness. 6.4.2 The common adhesive formula used for bonding is shown in Table 7. Formulation
E-44 Epoxy Resin
Dibutyl Phthalate
Triethylene Tetramine
Formula 1
CB/T180—1998
Table 7 Common Adhesive Formulas
E-44 Epoxy Resin
650# Polyamide
Dibutyl Phthalate
Triethylene Tetramine
Formula 2
6.4.3 When connecting with bolts or rivets, the distance from the center of the nail hole to the edge of the product should not be less than twice the hole diameter, the row spacing of the connecting holes should be greater than four times the hole diameter, and the column spacing should not be less than four times the hole diameter. At the same time, metal pads should be placed under the bolts, nuts or rivet rows. For glass fiber reinforced plastic products with watertight requirements, bolts and rivets should be connected after being coated with glue. 7 Quality requirements
7.1 The surface of glass fiber reinforced plastic products should be flat and smooth, without glue flow, wrinkles, cracks, damage, large bubbles and other obvious defects. If damage, large bubbles and other small defects occur, they can be repaired using the repair method in Appendix C (Appendix to the standard). The same material or epoxy resin matrix as the glass fiber reinforced plastic product must be used during the repair: the strength of the repaired glass fiber reinforced plastic product should be roughly consistent with that of the unrepaired glass fiber reinforced plastic product, and the surface must be smooth and flat without obvious marks. 7.2 The mechanical properties of the unsaturated glass fiber reinforced plastic sheet formed according to the above process conditions should meet the requirements of Table 8. Table 8 Mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester glass fiber reinforced plastic sheets Flexural strength
Test method
≥180
GB1449
Tensile strength
≥150
GB1447
Tensile and bending elastic modulus
GB1447
GB1449
8 Environmental and safety requirements for the construction of glass fiber reinforced plastic products Impact strength
GB1451
Glue content
GB2577
Pascal degrees
GB3854
8.1 When glass fiber reinforced plastic products are adjusted and molded, the ambient temperature should be controlled between 10 and 30°C and the humidity should be below 85%, and the intrusion of moisture, rubber dust, phenolic resin dust and polyvinyl chloride foam should be prevented. 8.2 The construction workshop of glass fiber reinforced plastic products should have ventilation and dust removal facilities to ensure that the content of harmful substances complies with the provisions of Article 3.8 of GB5083.
8.3 In order to promote the rapid solidification of products, post-processing equipment can be installed in the workshop. 8.4 The workshop should have a bathroom, changing room and rest room, and be equipped with necessary first aid and protective medicines. &.5 Open flames are prohibited in the workshop, and there should be alarm and fire extinguishing devices. Electrical equipment should have explosion-proof measures. 8.6 Construction workers must strengthen protection, wear protective clothing and hats, wear gas masks and protective gloves. 8.7
Construction workers must take a shower, brush their teeth and mouth after each operation. 8.8 Operators should be given regular physical examinations, and special attention should be paid to changes in blood phase and liver function. Personnel who are not suitable for this type of work should be transferred in time.
A1 Method principle
CB/T180-1998
Appendix A
(Appendix of the standard)
Determination of active oxygen content
The active oxygen content in peroxide is determined by iodine titration. Peroxide is dissolved in an alcohol organic solvent. In an acidic medium, the test object reacts with an excess of iodide, and the freed I2 is titrated with Na,SO: standard solution. A2 Reagents and chemicals
a) Glacial acetic acid (analytical grade);
b) Saturated KI solution (analytical grade);
c) Isopropanol (analytical grade):
d) Sodium thiosulfate standard solution: [C(Na.SO,)=0.1molLJ Prepare and calibrate according to Article 4.6 of GB601. A3 Instruments and equipment
a) One 50mL volumetric flask:
b) One 50mL brown burette (basic type): c) Three 25mL iodine flasks:
d) One pipette.
A4 Analysis steps
Weigh 0.4g of the sample (accurate to 0.0002g). Place it in a 250mL iodine flask, dissolve the sample with 50mL isopropanol, add 8mL glacial acetic acid with a pipette, and then add 8mL saturated potassium iodide solution. After shaking, cover tightly and add a little distilled water to seal. After standing in a dark place at room temperature for 45 minutes, titrate with sodium thiosulfate standard solution [C(Na,SO:)=0.1mol/L] until the yellow iodine color disappears and the end point is reached. Perform a blank test at the same time.
A5 Test results
A5.1 The percentage of active oxygen, X, is calculated according to the formula (A1): (-V.)× C x 0. 008
Wherein: x
The percentage of active oxygen in peroxide, formula: X100
The amount of sodium thiosulfate standard solution used to titrate the sample solution -mL: The amount of sodium thiosulfate standard solution used to titrate the blank solution·mL: The concentration of sodium thiosulfate standard solution, mol/L:..(A1)
The weight of the sample, g:
--The weight of oxygen expressed in grams equivalent to 1.00mL of sodium thiosulfate standard solution [C(Na,S,O.)=1.00mol/L] 0.008
g·L/(mL·mol).
A5.2 The test should be carried out in parallel.
The test result shall be the arithmetic mean of the two parallel test results. 5 The difference between the two parallel test results shall not exceed 0.2%. B1 Instruments
CB/T180—1998
Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard)
Determination of cobalt content
a) Alkaline burette: 50mL, graduation value 0.1mL; b) Erlenmeyer flask: 250mL,
B2 Reagents
a) EDTA standard solution: [C(EDTA)=0.0Smol/L]b) ZnCl standard solution: [C(ZnCl,)=0.05mol/L]; e) Nitrogen water buffer solution (pH10): Dissolve 54gNH.Cl in 200mL water, add 350mL concentrated ammonia water, and dilute with water to 1000 mL: d) Chrome blue K indicator: 0.1g Chrome blue K, add 2mL of pH 10 buffer solution. Dilute to 20mL with anhydrous ethanol, B3 determination steps
Stir the promoter to be tested evenly, weigh 4-5g of the sample (accurate to 0.0002g), add 2mL of benzene, shake evenly, add 15mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 20mL of EDTA standard solution [C (EDTA) = 0.05mol/LJ, mix evenly, heat to about 40C, add 5mL of buffer solution, add 5 drops of acidic Chrome blue K indicator, and titrate with zinc chloride standard solution [C (ZnCl,) = 0.05mol/L] until the solution changes from blue-purple to red, which is the end point.
B4 Test results
B4.1 The percentage of cobalt X is calculated according to formula (B1): X = (VCl- VC,) × 0. 05894 × 100. (B1)
Wherein:
X-the percentage of cobalt,%;
V,--the amount of EDTA standard solution, mL; C, the concentration of EDTA standard solution, mol/L;
V,--the amount of ZnCl,, mL
C, the concentration of ZnCl., mol/L;
mThe weight of the sample, g
0.05894-1.00mL zinc chloride standard solution [C (ZnCl,) = 1.000mol/L] is equivalent to the weight of cobalt expressed in grams, g·L/(rnL-mol).
B4.2 The test should be carried out in parallel, and the test result shall be expressed as the arithmetic mean of the two parallel determination results. B5 Tolerance
The difference between the two parallel determination results shall not exceed 0.04%.
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.