This standard specifies the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication related to GHS. This standard applies to the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication. This standard applies to the labeling of chemical production sites and consumer products. GB 13690-2009 General Rules for Classification and Hazard Communication of Chemicals GB13690-2009 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication related to GHS. This standard applies to the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication. This standard applies to the labeling of chemical production sites and consumer products.
Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of this standard are mandatory, and the rest are recommended.
This standard corresponds to the second revised edition (ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.2) of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), and its consistency is not equivalent to that of GHS. Its relevant technical content is consistent with GHS, and the standard text format has been edited according to GB/T1.1-2000.
This standard replaces GB13690-1992 "Classification and Marking of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals".
Compared with GB13690-1992, the main changes of this standard are as follows:
---The name of the standard is changed to General Rules for Classification and Hazard Communication of Chemicals;
---This standard classifies the hazards of chemicals in accordance with the requirements of GHS;
---This standard stipulates the hazard communication of chemicals in accordance with the requirements of GHS.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are informative appendices.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Hazardous Chemicals Management (SAC/TC251).
Participating drafting units of this standard: Sinochem Chemical Standardization Research Institute, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai Chemical Research Institute, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau.
Drafters of this standard: Zhang Shaoyan, Cui Hairong, Yang Yi, Wang Xiaobing, Mei Jian, Tang Lijun, Che Lidong, Chen Huiming, Zhou Wei. The
previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are:
---GB13690-1992.
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated referenced documents, the latest versions are applicable to this standard.
GB/T16483 Contents and order of items in the safety data sheet for chemicals
GB20576 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Explosives
GB20577 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Flammable gases
GB20578 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Flammable aerosols
GB20579 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Oxidizing gases
GB20580 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Gases under pressure
GB20581 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Flammable liquids
GB20582 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Flammable solids
GB20583 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Self-reactive substances
GB20584 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Self-heating substances
GB20585 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Spontaneous ignition liquids
GB20586 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Spontaneous ignition solids
GB20587 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of
chemicals Substances which emit flammable gases in contact with water GB20588 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Corrosive substances to metals
GB20589 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Oxidizing liquids
GB20590 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Oxidizing solids
GB20591 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals Organic peroxides
GB20592 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Acute toxicity
GB20593 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Skin corrosion/irritation
GB20594 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Serious eye damage/eye irritation
GB20595 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Respiratory or skin sensitization
GB20596 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Germ cell mutagenicity
GB20597 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Carcinogenicity
GB20598 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of
chemicals - Reproductive toxicity GB20599 Safety specifications for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals - Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure
GB20601 Safety Specifications for Classification, Warning Labels and Precautionary Statements of Chemicals Specific Target Organ Systemic Toxicity Repeated Exposure
GB20602 Safety Specifications for Classification, Warning Labels and Precautionary Statements of Chemicals Hazards to the Aquatic Environment
GB/T22272~GB/T22278 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Series of Standards
ISO11683:1997 Requirements for Tactile Hazard Warnings on Packaging
International Programme on Chemical Safety/Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 225 Principles for Assessing Reproductive Health Risks Caused by Exposure to Chemicals

ICS13.300
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB13690—2009
Replaces GB13690—1992
General rule for classification and hazard communication of chemicalsIssued on 2009-06-21
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
Implementation on 2010-05-01
Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of this standard are mandatory, while the rest are recommendedGB13690-—2009
This standard corresponds to the second revised edition (ST/SG/AC.10/30Rev.2) of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), and is not equivalent to it. Its relevant technical contents are consistent with those in GHS, and editorial modifications have been made to the standard text format in accordance with GB/T1.12000.
This standard replaces GB13690-1992 "Classification and Marking of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals". The main changes of this standard compared with GB13690-1992 are as follows: the name of the standard is changed to "General Rules for Classification and Hazard Communication of Chemicals". This standard classifies the hazards of chemicals in accordance with the requirements of GHS. This standard stipulates the hazard communication of chemicals in accordance with the requirements of GHS. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Hazardous Chemicals Management (SAC/TC251). The drafting units of this standard are: Sinochem Chemical Standardization Research Institute, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai Chemical Research Institute, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. The drafters of this standard are Zhang Shaoyan, Cui Hairong, Yang Yi, Wang Xiaobing, Mei Jian, Tang Lijun, Che Lidong, Chen Huiming and Zhou Wei. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GB13690-1992.
China Standards Publishing House
1 Scope
Chemical Classification and Hazard Communication
This standard specifies the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication related to GHS. General
GB13690—2009
This standard applies to the classification of chemicals and their hazard communication. This standard applies to the marking of chemical production sites and consumer products. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T16483 Contents and item sequence of chemical safety data sheets GB20576 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals GB20577 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals GB20578 Safety specification for classification, warning labels and warning statements of chemicals GB20579
GB20580
GB20581
GB20582
GB20583
GB2 0584
GB20585
GB20586
GB20587
GB20588
GB20589
GB20590
GB20591
GB20592
GB20593
GB20 594
GB20595
GB20596
GB20597||t t||GB20598
GB20599
GB20601
GB20602
Classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specifications for classification of chemicals, warning labels and warning instructions Full specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification Chemical classification, warning labels and warning instructions Safety specification GB/T22272||t t||GB/T22278
ISO11683:1997
Explosives
Flammable gases
Flammable aerosols
Oxidizing gases
Gases under pressure
Flammable liquids
Flammable solids
Self-reactive substances
Self-heating substances
Spontaneous liquids
Spontaneous solids
Substances which emit flammable gases in contact with water
Metal corrosive substances||tt ||Oxidizing Liquids
Oxidizing Solids
Organic Peroxides
Acute Toxicity
Skin Corrosion/Irritation
Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Tumorigenicity
Reproductive Toxicity
Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Single Exposure
Specific Target Organ ToxicityRepeated ExposureHazard to the Aquatic Environment
Good Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) series of standards
Tactile hazard warning
International Programme on Chemical Safety/Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 225 "Principles for assessing reproductive health risks caused by exposure to chemicals"1
GB13690-2009
3 Terms and definitions
The series of national standards converted from GHS (GB20576~GB20599, GB20601.GB20602) and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
Chemical name chemicalidentity
A name that uniquely identifies a chemical. This name can be a name that conforms to the naming system of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), or it can be a technical name. 3.2
Compressed gas
compressedgas
A gas that is completely gaseous at -50 when pressurized, including all gases with a critical temperature of ≤-50℃. 3.3
Flashpoint
National Standard
The lowest temperature at which a liquid can ignite by vaporizing under specified test conditions (corrected to standard atmospheric pressure 101.3 kPa). Hazard category
hazard category
The standard division within each hazard class, such as oral acute toxicity includes five hazard classes and flammable liquids include four hazard classes. These hazard classes compare the severity of the hazard within a hazard class and cannot be considered as a comparison of more general hazard classes. 3.5
Hazard class
hazard class
Hazard class refers to the nature of a physical, health or environmental hazard, such as flammable solids, carcinogenicity, oral acute toxicity. 3.6
Hazard statement
A description of a hazard class or category, which describes the hazardous nature of a hazardous product and, where appropriate, its degree of hazard.
initial boiling point
The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the standard pressure (101.3 kPa), and the temperature at which the first bubble appears is 3.8
label
A set of appropriate written, printed or graphic information elements about a dangerous product, selected because of its relevance to the target sector, which are attached to or printed on the immediate container of a dangerous product or its external packaging. 3.9
label element
labelelement
A type of information uniformly used on labels, such as pictograms and signal words. 3.10
"United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as "Model Regulations") recommendations on the
transport of dangerous goods, model regulations approved by the United Nations Economic and Trade Council, and officially published under the title of "Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods", annex to the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. 3.11
Pictogram
A graphic structure that may include a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as borders, background patterns or color variations, intended to convey specific information.
Precautionary statementprecautionarystatementGB13690—2009
A phrase/and/or a pictogram that describes the recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous substance or from improper storage or handling of it. 3.13
Product identifierproductidentifier
The name or number used for a hazardous product on a label or safety data sheet. It provides a unique means for product users to identify the substance or mixture in a specific context of use, such as during transport, consumption or in the workplace. 3.14
Signal word: signalword
Reading Special
Words used on labels to indicate the relative severity of danger and to alert readers to potential dangers. GHS uses "Danger" and "Warning" as signal words
Graphic symbolsymbol
Graphic elements designed to convey information conciselyClassification
Physical and chemical hazards
4.11 Explosives
Classification, warning labels and warning statements of explosivesSee GB205764.11.1An explosive substance (or mixture) is a solid or liquid substance (or mixture of substances) that is capable of producing gases by chemical reaction, and the temperature, pressure and speed of the produced gases can cause damage to the surrounding environment. This also includes pyrophoric substances, even if they do not release gases.
A pyrophoric substance (or pyrophoric mixture) is a substance or mixture of substances that is intended to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas smoke or a combination of all these produced by a non-explosive self-sustaining exothermic chemical reaction. Explosive articles are articles containing one or more explosive substances or mixtures. Pyrotechnic articles are articles containing one or more pyrotechnic substances or mixtures. 4.1.1.2 Types of explosives include:
Explosive substances and mixtures:
Standard
Explosive articles, but do not include the following devices: the explosive substances or mixtures contained therein, due to their quantity or characteristics, will not produce any effects outside the device due to injection, ignition, smoke, heat or loud noise after accidental or b)
accidental ignition or detonation. Substances, mixtures and articles manufactured to produce actual explosions or pyrotechnic effects not mentioned in a) and b). 4.1.2 Flammable gases
Classification warning labels and warning statements of flammable gases are shown in GB20577. Flammable gases are gases that have a flammable range with air at standard pressures of 20 and 101.3 kPa. 4.1.3 Flammable aerosols
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of flammable aerosols, see GB 20578. Aerosols refer to aerosol spray cans, which are any non-refillable containers made of metal, glass or plastic, containing forcibly compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas, with or without liquid, paste or powder, and equipped with a release device that can spray the substance contained to form solid or liquid particles suspended in the gas or to form foam, paste or powder or in liquid or gaseous state. 3
GB13690—2009
Oxidizing gases
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of oxidizing gases, see GB20579. Oxidizing gases are any gases that can cause or promote the combustion of other substances more than air, generally by providing oxygen. 4.1.5
Gases under pressure
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of gases under pressure, see GB20580. Gases under pressure are gases that are filled into containers at a pressure equal to or greater than 200 kPa (gauge pressure), or liquefied gases or refrigerated liquefied gases.
Gases under pressure include compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved liquids and refrigerated liquefied gases. 4.1.6
Flammable liquids
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of flammable liquids, see GB20581. Flammable liquids are liquids with a flash point not higher than 93°C. Quasi-free
Flammable solids
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of flammable solids, see GB20582Flammable solids are solids that are easily combustible or that may ignite or support combustion through friction. Easily combustible solids are powdery, granular or pasty substances that are very dangerous when they can ignite on brief contact with a source of ignition such as a burning match and when the flame spreads rapidly. 4.1.8 Self-reactive substances or mixtures
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of self-reactive substances, see GB205834.1.8. Self-reactive substances or mixtures are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures that are liable to undergo a violent exothermic decomposition even in the absence of oxygen (air). This definition does not include substances and mixtures classified as explosives, organic peroxides or oxidizing substances according to the unified classification system.
4.18.2 Self-reactive substances or mixtures shall be considered to have explosive properties if, in laboratory tests, their components readily detonate, deflagrate rapidly or show violent effects when heated under confinement. 4.1.9
Pyrophoric liquids
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of pyrophoric liquids, see GB 20585Pyrophoric liquids are liquids that can ignite within 5 min after contact with air even in small quantities4.1.10
Pyrophoric solids
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of pyrophoric solids, see GB 20586.Pyrophoric solids are solid self-heating substances and mixtures that can ignite within 5 min after contact with air even in small quantities
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of self-heating substances, see GB 20584Self-heating substances are solid or liquid substances or mixtures other than pyrophoric liquids or solids that react with air to generate heat without the need for energy supply: these substances or mixtures are different from pyrophoric liquids or solids because they will only burn in large quantities (kilograms) and over a long period of time (several hours or days). Note: Spontaneous combustion due to self-heating of a substance or mixture is caused by the reaction of the substance or mixture with oxygen (oxygen in the air) and the heat generated is not conducted away quickly enough to the outside. Spontaneous combustion occurs when the rate of heat generation exceeds the rate of heat loss and the autoignition temperature is reached. 4.1.12
Substances or mixtures which emit flammable gases in contact with water For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of substances which emit flammable gases in contact with water, see GB20587. Substances or mixtures which emit flammable gases in contact with water are solid or liquid substances or mixtures which, by reacting with water, are liable to spontaneous combustion or to emit flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
Oxidizing liquids
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of oxidizing liquids, see GB205894
GB13690—2009
Oxidizing liquids are liquids which may not burn themselves but may cause or contribute to the combustion of other substances, usually by releasing oxygen. 4.1.14 Oxidizing solids
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of oxidizing solids, see GB20590. Oxidizing solids are solids that may not burn themselves, but may cause or promote the combustion of other substances due to the release of oxygen. 4.1.15 Organic peroxides
For the classification, warning labels and warning statements of organic peroxides, see GB20591. 4.1.15.1 Organic peroxides are liquid or solid organic substances containing a divalent -0-0- structure, which can be regarded as derivatives of hydrogen peroxide in which one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. The term also includes organic peroxide formulations (mixtures). Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures that are prone to exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they may have one or more of the following properties: prone to explosive decomposition;
好瑰带我球城热康家标准免费
b) Rapid combustion:
d) Dangerous reactions with other substances
4.1.15.2 If an organic peroxide is prone to explosion, rapid deflagration or violent effects when heated under closed conditions in a laboratory test, it can be considered to have explosive properties. 4.1.16 Metal corrosives
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of metal corrosives, see GB 20588. Substances or mixtures that corrode metals are substances or mixtures that significantly damage or destroy metals by chemical action. 4.2 Health hazards
4.21 Acute toxicity
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of acute toxicity, see GB 20592. Acute toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur after a single dose or multiple doses within 24 hours of oral administration or skin contact with a substance, or after inhalation contact for 4 hours.
4.2.2 Skin corrosion/irritation
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of skin corrosion/irritation, see GB20593. Skin corrosion is irreversible damage to the skin: that is, after application of the test substance for up to 4 hours, necrosis of the epidermis and dermis can be observed. The corrosion reaction is characterized by ulceration, hemorrhage, bloody calluses, and at the end of the observation period of 14 days, the skin, areas of complete alopecia and calluses are faded due to bleaching. Suspected lesions should be evaluated by histopathology. Skin irritation is reversible damage to the skin after application of the test substance for up to 4 hours. 4.2.3 Severe eye damage/eye irritationWww.bzxZ.net
For classification, warning labels and warning statements of severe eye damage/eye irritation, see GB20594. Severe eye damage is tissue damage to the eye that is not completely reversible within 21 days of application, or severe physical deterioration of vision, after application of the test substance to the anterior surface of the eye.
Eye irritation is changes in the eye that are completely reversible within 21 days of application, after application of the test substance to the anterior surface of the eye. 4.2.4 Respiratory or skin sensitization
For respiratory or skin sensitization classification, warning labels and warning statements, see GB 20595. 4.2.4.1 Respiratory sensitizers are substances that cause hypersensitivity reactions in the airways when inhaled. Skin sensitizers are substances that cause allergic reactions when the skin comes in contact.
4.2.4.2 Sensitization consists of two stages: the first stage is the induction of a specific immune memory by a person's exposure to an allergen. The second stage is priming, which is the cell-mediated or antibody-mediated allergic reaction in a sensitized individual by contact with an allergen. 4.2.4.3 For respiratory sensitization, this is followed by the induction stage, which has the same morphology as skin sensitization. For skin sensitization, there is an induction stage GB13690--2009
in which the immune system learns to react. After this, clinical symptoms may appear and the contact is sufficient to cause a visible skin reaction (priming stage). Therefore, predictive tests usually take the form of two induction phases, and the response to these phases is measured by a standard elicitation phase, typically using a patch test. Local lymph node tests, which directly measure the induced response, are an exception. Evidence of human skin sensitization is usually assessed by diagnostic patch testing. 4.2.4.4 For skin sensitization and respiratory sensitization, the values ​​required for induction are generally lower than those required for elicitation. 4.2.5 Germ cell mutagenicity
4.2.5.1 Germ cell mutagenicity classification, warning labels and warning statements are shown in GB 20596. 4.2.5.2 This hazard class deals mainly with chemicals that may cause mutations in human germ cells that can be transmitted to offspring. However, in vitro mutagenicity/reproductive toxicity tests and in vivo mutagenicity reproductive toxicity tests in mammalian somatic cells are also considered when classifying substances and mixtures within this hazard class. 4.2.5.3 The definitions of the terms mutagenic, mutagen, mutagenic and reproductive toxicity used in this standard are common definitions. Mutation is defined as a permanent change in the number or structure of genetic material in a cell. 4.2.5.4 The term "mutation" is used for heritable genetic changes that may manifest at the phenotypic level and known basic DNA modifications (for example, including specific base pair changes and chromosomal translocations). Mutagenicity and mutagen are agents that produce increasing amounts of mutations in cells and/or organisms. 4.2.5.5 Reproductive toxicity and reproductive toxicity are two more general terms used for agents or processes that change the structure, information content, or separation of DNA, including those that cause DNA damage by interfering with the normal replication process or (temporarily) alter DNA replication in a non-physiological manner. The results of reproductive toxicity tests are usually used as indicators of mutagenic effects. 4.2.6 Pain 4.2.6.1 Carcinogenicity classification, warning labels and warning statements See GB 20597. 4.2.6.2 Carcinogen refers to a chemical substance or mixture of chemical substances that can cause tumors or increase the incidence of cancer. Substances that induce benign and malignant tumors in well-conducted experimental studies on animals are also considered to be presumed or suspected human carcinogens unless there is strong evidence that the mechanism of tumor formation is not relevant to humans. 4.2.6.3
The classification of chemicals that produce addiction hazards is based on the inherent properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of human carcinogenic risk that may arise from the use of the chemical. 4.2.7 Reproductive toxicity
Reproductive toxicity classification, warning labels and warning statements are published in GB20598
4.2.7.1 Reproductive toxicity
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility of adult and female children, as well as developmental toxicity in offspring. The following definition is given in the International Programme on Chemical Safety/Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 225. In this standard, reproductive toxicity is subdivided into two main headings: adverse effects on sexual function and fertility; a
b) adverse effects on the development of offspring.
Some reproductive toxic effects cannot be clearly attributed to impairment of sexual function and fertility or developmental toxicity. Nevertheless, chemicals with these effects will be classified as reproductive toxicants and attached with general hazard statements. 4.2.7.2 Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility Any effect of a chemical that interferes with fertility. This may include (but is not limited to) changes in the reproductive system of males and females, adverse effects on the onset of puberty, gamete production and transport, normal state of the reproductive cycle, sexual behavior, fertility, childbirth and pregnancy outcomes, premature reproductive aging, or changes in other functions that depend on the integrity of the reproductive system. Adverse effects on or through lactation also fall within the scope of reproductive toxicity, but for classification purposes, such effects are treated separately. This is because it is best to classify the adverse effects of chemicals on lactation specifically so that specific hazard warnings about this effect can be provided to breastfeeding mothers. 4.2.7.3 Adverse effects on development of the offspring
In its broadest sense, developmental toxicity includes any effect that interferes with normal development of the conceptus before or after birth, resulting from exposure of a parent before conception, or exposure of the developing offspring before or after birth before sexual maturity. However, classification under the heading of developmental toxicity is primarily intended to warn of hazards to pregnant females and males and females of reproductive potential. Therefore, for pragmatic classification purposes, developmental toxicity essentially refers to adverse effects caused during pregnancy, or adverse effects resulting from parental exposure. These effects may manifest at any time in the life cycle of the organism. The main manifestations of developmental toxicity include
a) death of the developing organism
b) structural abnormalities and malformations;
e): altered growth;
d) functional defects.
National Standard Free
4.2.8 Specific Target Organ Systemic Toxicity
Single Exposure
Specific Target Organ Systemic Toxicity Single Exposure Classification, Warning Labels and Warning Statements See GB20599. 4.2.8.1 The purpose of this clause is to provide a method to classify substances that produce specific, non-lethal target organ/toxicity due to single exposure. All significant health effects that may damage function, are audible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed and are not specifically discussed in 4.2.14.2.7 are included.
4.2.8.2 Classification Chemical substances may be classified as specific target organ toxicants that may cause potential adverse effects on the health of those exposed to them.
4.28.3 Classification depends on whether there is reliable evidence that a single exposure to the substance produces consistent and identifiable toxic effects in humans or experimental animals, toxicologically significant changes that affect the function or morphology of tissues/organs, or severe changes in the biochemistry or hematology of organisms and these changes are relevant to human health. Human data are the main source of evidence for this hazard classification. 4.2.8.4 The assessment should consider not only significant changes in a single organ or biological system, but also general changes of less severe severity involving multiple organs.
4.2.8.5 Specific target organ toxicity may occur by any pathway relevant to humans, that is, mainly by oral dermal contact or inhalation.
4.2.9 Specific target organ systemic toxicity Repeated exposure Specific target organ systemic toxicity Repeated exposure classification, general labeling and warning statements See GB206014.2.9.1 The purpose of this clause is to classify substances that produce specific target organ toxicity due to repeated exposure. All significant health effects that may damage function, reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are included. 4.2.9.2 Classification Chemical substances can be classified as specific target organ/toxic substances, which may have potential adverse effects on the health of those exposed.
Classification depends on whether there is reliable evidence that a single exposure to the substance produces consistent and identifiable toxic effects in humans or experimental animals, toxicologically significant changes that affect the function or morphology of tissues/organs, or serious changes in the biochemistry or hematology of organisms, and these changes are related to human health. Human data is the main source of evidence for this hazard classification. 4.2.9.4 The assessment should consider not only significant changes in a single organ or biological system, but also common changes of lesser severity involving multiple organs.
4.2.9.5 Specific target organs/toxicity may occur by any route relevant to humans, that is, mainly by oral, skin contact or inhalation.
Aspiration hazard
Note: This hazard has not yet been converted into a national standard in my country. 7
GB13690—2009
System.
The purpose of this clause is to classify substances or mixtures that may cause inhalation toxicity hazards to humans. "Inhalation" refers to liquid or solid chemicals entering directly into the human body through the mouth or nose, or indirectly entering the trachea and lower respiratory tract due to vomiting. Inhalation toxicity includes severe acute effects such as chemical pneumonia, varying degrees of lung damage or death after inhalation. Inhalation begins at the moment of inspiration, when the substance causing the effect remains at the junction of the upper respiratory and upper digestive tracts in the throat for the time required to inhale a breath.
Inhalation of a substance or mixture may occur when it is vomited out after ingestion. This may affect labelling, particularly if a recommendation to induce vomiting after ingestion may be considered due to acute toxicity. However, if the substance/mixture also presents an aspiration toxicity hazard, the recommendation to induce vomiting may need to be modified.
4.2.10.6 Special considerations
A review of the medical literature on chemical inhalation found that some hydrocarbons (petroleum distillates) and certain chlorinated hydrocarbons have been shown to be aspiration hazardous to humansa)
. Primary alcohols and ketones have only been shown to be aspiration hazardous in animal studies. Although a method for determining animal aspiration hazard is in use, it has not been standardized. Positive results from animal tests can only be used as a guide to possible human aspiration hazard. Caution must be exercised in the evaluation of animal aspiration hazard datac)
The classification criteria are based on kinematic viscosity. Formula (1) is used for the conversion between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity.......(1)
Kinematic viscosity, in square millimeters per second (mm/s) Dynamic viscosity, in millipascal seconds (mPa·s): Density, in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm) Classification of aerosol/aerosol products
Aerosol/aerosol products are usually distributed in containers such as sealed containers, machine-type and button-type sprayers. The key to the classification of these products is whether a cloud of liquid is formed in the nozzle and may be sucked out. If the aerosol product sprayed from the sealed container is fine-grained, then a cloud of liquid may not be formed. On the other hand, if the sealed container sprays the product in the form of an airflow, then a cloud of liquid may be formed and then may be sucked out. Generally speaking, the aerosol sprayed from trigger-type and button-type sprayers is coarse-grained, so two clouds of liquid may be formed and then may be sucked out. If the button device may be removed and the contents may be swallowed, then the classification of the product should be considered. 4.3 Environmental hazards
4.3.1 Hazards to the aquatic environment
National standards
For hazard classification, warning labels and warning statements for the aquatic environment, see GB20602
4.3.2 Acute aquatic toxicity refers to the inherent property of a substance to cause harm to organisms that are exposed to it for a short period of time. a)
The availability of a substance refers to the extent to which the substance becomes soluble or decomposed. For metal availability, it refers to the extent to which the metal ion part of a metal (Mo) compound can be decomposed from the other parts of the compound (molecule) b) Bioavailability refers to the extent to which a substance is absorbed by an organism and distributed in a region of the organism. It depends on the physicochemical properties of the substance, the anatomy and physiology of the organism, the pharmacokinetics and the route of exposure. Availability is not a prerequisite for bioavailability.
Bioaccumulation refers to the net result of absorption, transformation and excretion of a substance in an organism by all routes of exposure (i.e. air, water, sediment/soil and food).
Bioconcentration refers to the net result of absorption, transformation and excretion of a substance in an organism by a waterborne contact route, and chronic aquatic toxicity refers to the potential or actual property of a substance to cause harmful effects to aquatic organisms during the contact period associated with the life cycle of the organism.
GB13690—2009
Complex mixture or multi-component substance or complex substance refers to a mixture formed by a complex mixture of individual substances with different solubility and physicochemical propertiesf). In most cases, they can be inserted as a series of homologous substances with a specific range of carbon chain length/number of substitution degrees.
g) Degradation refers to the decomposition of organic molecules into smaller molecules and finally into carbon dioxide, water and salt. 4.3.3 Basic elements
The basic elements are:
Acute aquatic toxicity:
Potential or actual bioaccumulation:
Degradation of organic chemicals (biological or abiotic); and chronic aquatic toxicity.
It is best to use data obtained through internationally harmonized test methods. Generally speaking, toxicity data for freshwater and marine species can be considered equivalent data, and these data are recommended to comply with the GB/T22272~GB/T22278 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) series of standards based on the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). 4.3.4 Acute aquatic toxicity
4.3.5 Bioaccumulation potential
Rapid degradability
Environmental degradation may be biotic or abiotic (e.g. hydrolysis). Read
Abiotic degradation such as hydrolysis, primary abiotic and biotic degradation, degradation in non-aqueous media and demonstrated rapid degradation in the environment can all be considered in defining rapid degradability.
4.3.7 Chronic aquatic toxicity
Chronic toxicity data are not as readily available as acute data. Also, the scope of the test procedures is not standardized. 5
Hazard communication
Hazard communication: Labelling
5.1.1 Scope of labelling
Procedure for developing GHS labels
Assign label elements!
Printed symbols:
National Standards Press
Printed hazard pictograms:
Signal words:
Hazard statements:
Precautionary statements and pictograms;
Product and supplier identification;
Sequence of multiple hazards and information;
Arrangement of GHS label elements;
Special label arrangements.
5.1.2 Label elements
Each standard for each hazard class lists in detail in a table the label elements (symbols, signal words, hazard statements) that have been assigned to each GHS hazard category. Hazard categories reflect the standards for harmonized classification 5.1.3 Printed symbols
The following hazard symbols are standard symbols that should be used in GHS. With the exception of new symbols that will be used for certain health hazards, namely the exclamation mark and the fish and tree, they are all part of the standard symbol set used in the model regulations, see Figure 1.9
GB13690-—2009
Exclamation mark
Flame above circle
High-pressure gas cylinder
Figure 5.1.4.1 Standard symbols that should be used in GHS
Printed pictograms and hazard pictograms
Explosive bomb
Swords and crossbones
Health hazard
A pictogram is a graphic composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as borders, background patterns or colors, intended to convey specific information.
5.1.4.2 Shape and colour
5.1.4.2.1 All hazard pictograms used in GHS shall be in the shape of a square set at a point. 5.1.4.2.2 For transport, the pictograms specified in the model regulations (commonly referred to as labels in transport regulations) shall be used. The model regulations set out the specifications for transport pictograms, including colour, symbol, size, background contrast, additional safety information (such as hazard class) and general format. The prescribed size of the transport pictogram is at least 100mm x 100mm, but very small packages and high pressure cylinders may be exempted and smaller pictograms may be used. The transport pictogram includes the symbol in the upper half of the label. The model regulations require that the transport pictogram be printed or attached to the packaging against a background with a different colour. The following example is a typical label made in accordance with the model regulations to identify the hazard of flammable liquids, see Figure 2. Figure 2 Pictogram of flammable liquids in the UN Model Regulations (symbol: flame; black or white, background: red: number 3 in the lower corner, minimum size 100mm×100mm) 10
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