GB 18006.1-1999 General technical requirements for disposable biodegradable tableware
Some standard content:
GB18006.1—1999
Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this standard are mandatory, and the rest are recommended. This standard is based on the need to implement the quality management of "degradable drinking tableware" to prevent and control "white pollution". After a comprehensive analysis of the railway system's 1995 railway new lunch box selection test, 1997 new fast food rice bowl degradation performance and evaluation method special research and supplement and a large amount of inspection data, and a survey and supplementary test verification of the development of degradable tableware in recent years, it is formulated in accordance with relevant national health and environmental protection standards and regulations.
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are the appendices of the standard. This standard was jointly proposed by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Health. This standard was drafted by the Institute of Labor Hygiene of the Ministry of Railways. The main drafters of this standard are: Hu Baoquan, He Bingzhe, Chen Zuo, and Shi Hongsheng. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Specification for Single-Use and Degradable LuDch Container and Drinking SetGB 1B006. 1—1999
This standard specifies the main types, basic technical requirements, appearance and performance, hygienic requirements, degradation performance, inspection methods, inspection rules and product marking, packaging, transportation and storage requirements of disposable degradable tableware. This standard applies to disposable tableware produced with photo-biodegradable materials or biodegradable materials. The temperature resistance, hygienic requirements and degradation performance of disposable degradable instant noodle bowls shall also comply with this standard. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T462—1989Determination of moisture content in paper and paperboardGB/T 2828—1987
Batch-by-batch inspection-sampling procedure and sampling table for counting (applicable to inspection of continuous batches)GR/T2829-1987 Periodic inspection-sampling procedure and sampling table for counting (applicable to inspection of stability of production process)GB/T 3561—1989
Analysis method for hygienic standard of base paper for food packagingGB4789.151994Microbiological examination of food hygiene-Counting of mold and yeastGB/T 5009.1B—1996
Determination of fluoride in food
Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in foodCB/T 5009.20—1996
GB/T 5009. 22—1996
GB/T 5009.27 -1996
GB/T5009.60-1996
Determination of aflatoxin B in foodsDetermination of benzo(a) in foods
Analysis method for hygienic standard of polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene products for food packagingGB/T 5009.62-1996
Analysis method for hygienic standard of ceramic tableware containersGB 9683-1988
GB 9685-1994
Hygienic standard of composite food packaging bags
Hygienic standard for additives used in food containers and packaging materialsBatch counting sampling inspection procedure
GB/T 13263--1991 I
GB/T14437--1997Product quality supervision--sampling inspection procedure and sampling plan by counting GB14934-1994Standard for disinfection of tableware (cooking utensils) GB/T14937-1994
Determination method of dimethyltoluene in composite food packaging bags GB/T17331-1998Determination of multiple residues of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in food GB/T17409-1998General rule for immersion test methods for food packaging materials and their products GB/T 18006.2-1999
Degradability test method for disposable degradable tableware 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions,
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on November 19, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000
GB 18006. 1—1999
3.1 Single use degradable lunch container and drinking set Boxes, bowls, cups, plates, dishes and other containers made of biodegradable materials or photo-biodegradable materials as the main ingredients and used only for one-time dining.
3.2 Biodegradable materials Bipdegradable materials can undergo biochemical reactions under the action of microorganisms (bacteria, molds, algae) enzymes in the natural environment, causing changes in appearance and internal quality, and most likely forming magnetic dioxide and water. 3.3 Photo-biodegradable materials Photo and bio-degradable materials can accelerate their own photo-oxidation reaction under the action of sunlight (or simulated sunlight), temperature, oxygen, humidity and other factors, causing changes in appearance and internal quality (reduction in physical properties, molecular weight, chemical structure, etc.), and its biodegradable components and newly hydrophilic active groups or other oxygen-containing groups can continue to be further degraded by microbial enzymes. 3.4 Biodegradation rate The percentage of elemental carbon in biodegradable materials converted into gaseous carbon (CO) under the action of microorganisms. 3.5 Weight-average molecular weight (M) The average molecular weight according to the molecular weight distribution function. 3.6 Number-average molecular weight (M) The average molecular weight according to the molecular number distribution function. 3.7 Carbonyl index
The ratio of the absorbance of the carbonyl infrared absorption peak of the sample at 1715 cm-1 to the fixed characteristic absorption peak (such as C·H stretching vibration at 3000 cm-1 to 2840 cm-).
3.B Moulding
The method of using molds to pressurize and heat materials to form them. 4 Product classification
According to the degradation method, raw materials and production process, it can be divided into the following two categories and five types: Paper-made
4.1 Biodegradable materials:
"Paperboard coating type
L Paper molding type
Plant fiber molding type (cold pressing, hot pressing and foaming type) Edible powder molding type
4.2 Photo-biodegradable materials: Photo-biodegradable plastic (non-foaming) type 5 Basic technical requirements
5.1 Disposable degradable tableware must be made of non-toxic, harmless, clean and pollution-free raw materials that comply with national food hygiene and environmental protection regulations and standards.
5.2 The types, usage ranges and dosages of the additives and internal coatings used must comply with the provisions of GB9685. The use of imported additives and internal coatings is also It must meet the variety and quality standards stipulated by our country. New products or imported products used in our country for the first time must prepare the required information and certificates to go through the approval procedures in accordance with the current national food hygiene management regulations before use. 5.3 The following raw materials, additives, road materials and chemical preparations shall not be used to produce or process disposable degradable catering products: a) natural materials and their rough processed products that have not been decontaminated; b) expired, deteriorated, moldy or contaminated; c) harmful substances that do not meet the health standards of Taiwan; d) recycled materials; e) fluorescent whitening agents. 5.4 In addition to meeting the degradation performance requirements of this standard, finished product waste should also have recycling value, be easy to recycle, or be easy to sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting. 6 Appearance and usability of finished products 6.1 The appearance of the finished product shall meet the following requirements: a) normal color and no odor; GB 18006.1—1999
b) The surface is flat and clean, with uniform texture, no scratches, wrinkles, peeling; no cracks and perforations; c) The surface is free of oil, dust, mildew and other foreign matter; d) The edges are smooth and regular. The cover of the tray is easy to close and flat, and the resilient cover should be buckled. 6.2 The performance of the finished product should meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 Performance requirements
Hygiene requirements
Item name
Volume deviation, %
Temperature resistance test (95°C ±5°C oil, water,60 C constant temperature environment for 30 min) Tableware load test (3kg load at air temperature) Cover folding test 15 times
Drop test 1 time
Days Moisture content of material products, %
Technical indicators
No deformation, peeling, wrinkling, no shadow, leakage Height change ≤5%
No breakage
No crack
The hygiene indicators of tableware made of light-biodegradable materials should comply with the current national hygiene standards for corresponding plastic moldings. 7.1
The hygienic indicators of tableware made of biodegradable materials shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. 7.2
Table 2 Hygienic requirements for tableware made of biodegradable materials No.
Evaporation residue
Item name
Water, 60 ℃.2 h
N-hexane, 20 ℃, 2 h
4% acetic acid, 60 ℃, 2 h
65% ethanol, 20 ℃, 2 h
Potassium permanganate consumption
(water, 60 ℃, 2 h), mg/L
Heavy metals
(4% acetic acid,
in Pb.mg/L
in Aa.mg/kg
in Cd .mg/L
Fluorescent substances (254nm and 365nm)
Toluenediamine (4% acetic acid) mg/L
Fluoride (evaporated water, 60C2h), mg/L
Organophosphorus pesticide residues.mg
Paperboard coating
Product type and index requirements
Pulp molding
Plant fiber molding
Edible powder molding
The fluorescent area of any 100cm* product shall not exceed 5cm0.004
Comply with Appendix A
Decolorization test
Project name
Aflatoxin Bi -pg/kg
Benzo[a] flower, μg/kg
Antelope honey oil or colorless grease
No foaming liquid
GB18006.1—1999
Table 2 (end)
Paperboard coating
Product type and index requirements
Pulp molding
Value fiber molding
Edible powder molding
The bacterial index of qualified products shall meet the requirements of GB14934, and the mold count shall not be greater than 50/g. Degradation performance
Tableware made of light-biodegradable materials shall meet the requirements of Table 3. Table 3 Light-biodegradable materials Tableware degradation performance requirements Degradation index
Project name
Field noise drying rack noise exposure test
Xenon light source irritation test
The first radiation dose
Cracking level
Weight average molecular weight
Decrease rate, %
10000 low molecular weight
Percentage content
Excitation index
Erosion by bacteria
Note: \A\H\, \C\ are reference values for cumulative radiation dose, which are (310+10)MJ/m, (590±10)MJ/m2 and 16800kJ/m2 respectively. 8.2
Biodegradable material tableware, Its degradation performance shall meet the requirements of Table 4. Table 4 Degradability requirements for tableware made of biodegradable materials Number
Test name
Quarterly bacteria erosion test
Cellulase erosion test (visual observation)
Aerobic composting test Biodegradation rate;%
Paper products
Yellow-orange color
Disc bacteria erosion test Suitable for routine inspection, 2 items suitable for rapid inspection included in supervision and random inspection Index requirements
Plant fiber products
Mold erosion test For those with positive routine inspection, no more 03 inspection is required, and for those with negative inspection, 03 inspection is used for final judgment. 3 Cardboard samples coated with PE film can be cut into pieces and directly tested for 03 inspection. 9 Inspection method
9.1 Appearance inspection
Carbon dioxide
Edible powder products
Yellow-orange
Put the sample flat in a place without direct sunlight and inspect it visually at a normal sight distance: or point the sample toward the window (or toward a 40W fluorescent lamp) to observe whether the texture is uniform and whether there are pinholes.
9.2 Volume inspection
Inspect according to the method specified in GB/T17409.
9.3 Temperature resistance test
GB 18006. 1—1999
Put two samples on a porcelain plate lined with filter paper, fill them with 95℃±5℃ hot water (100℃ hot water for instant noodle bowls) and hot cooking oil (drinking utensils are only tested for 100℃ water resistance), then move them to a 60℃ constant temperature box and let them stand for 30 minutes. Observe whether the sample box is deformed, whether the bottom of the box has any signs of permeation, discoloration, or leakage.
9.4 Tableware load test
9.4.1 Test equipment: two pieces of 200mm×150mm×3mm flat glass, 3kg base weight, and a metal ruler with an accuracy of 1mm. 9.4.2 Test steps: Take two sample tableware, open the lid and turn it upside down on a smooth table, and then place the flat glass on the bottom of the box. First use a metal ruler to measure the height from the bottom surface of the flat glass to the table. Then place 3kg bricks in the center of the flat glass, load it for 1 minute and then accurately measure the height. Use formula (1) to calculate the load-bearing performance value of each sample, and take the arithmetic mean of the load-bearing performance values of the two sample tableware as the load-bearing performance value of this type of disposable tableware. Where: W——load-bearing performance of the sample lunch box, %; H. Height of the sample lunch box, mm;
W=H=H×100
H Height of the sample lunch box when loaded for 1 minute, mm. 9.5 Folding performance test of cover connection
Open and close the cover tableware sample 15 times continuously to observe whether there are cracks at the connection between the table and the box body. 9.6 Drop test
At room temperature, drop the sample from a height of 0.8n above the flat cement floor with the bottom facing down once to observe whether the sample is intact. 9.7 Moisture test of biodegradable materials shall be tested according to the requirements of GB/T462.
9.8 Physical and chemical index inspection
9.8.1 Sampling method, sample preparation and soaking solution preparation shall comply with GB/T17409. 9.8.2 Evaporation residue, potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metal and decolorization test shall be inspected in accordance with GB/T5009.60, fluorescence inspection shall be inspected in accordance with GB/T3561, and toluenediamine content shall be determined by GB/T14937. Fluorine content shall be inspected in accordance with GB/T5009.18, and fluorine-free distilled water shall be used for soaking; organophosphorus pesticides, aflatoxin Bi and benzo(a) residues shall be inspected in accordance with GB/T5009.20, GB/T17331, GB/T 5009.22 and GB/T5009.27 respectively. 9.9 Microbiological inspection
9.9.1 Coliform bacteria shall be inspected in accordance with the provisions of GB14934, and pathogenic bacteria shall be inspected in accordance with the species and methods specified in GB/T3561. 9.9.2 Mold count shall be inspected in accordance with the provisions of GB4789.15. 9.10 Degradation performance inspection
9.10.1 Photo-biodegradation and biodegradation performance tests shall comply with the requirements of GB/T18006.2. 9.10.2 The weight average, number average molecular weight and low molecular weight percentage of the photo-biodegradable material tableware samples shall be measured by gel chromatography. The samples shall be prepared by gold brush stone pool and infrared spectrum analysis shall be performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. 10 Inspection rules
10.1 The finished products supplied in batches must be qualified products that are subject to factory inspection by the quality inspection department of the manufacturer. 10.2 The quality inspection of batch products shall include factory inspection, type inspection and supervision inspection. The type inspection and factory inspection items and their unqualified classification shall comply with the requirements of Table 5.
Project name
Wrinkle, peeling
Crack, perforation
Oil stain, foreign matter
Volume deviation
Heat resistance
Load test
Cover folded
Drop test
Water content
Light-biodegradation
Biodegradation test
Evaporation residue
Potassium permanganate consumption base
Heavy metal
Fluorescent substance
Toluenediamine
Fluorine (F)
Organophosphorus pesticides
Aflatoxin B1
Benzene well (a) pyrene
Decolorization test
Microbiological inspection
GB18006.1—1999
5 Product type inspection and factory inspection items and their non-conforming classification Table 5
Finished product category
Plant fiber
Edible powder
Light-cow
01 in table 1
02 in table 1
03 in table 1
04 in table 1
05 in table 1
06 in table 1
01 in table 2|| tt||04 in Table 2
05 in Table 2
06 in Table 2
07 in Table 2
09 in Table 2
10 in Table 2
Chapter 10
Classification of nonconformities
10.3 The sampling units for the inspection items of product appearance, performance in use, hygienic requirements and degradation performance are "pieces" or "units", and the sampling units for the inspection items of product packaging and marking are boxes or "bags". 10.4
Factory inspection shall comply with the following requirements
GB 1B006.1--1999
10.4.1 Factory inspection shall be carried out in batches, and the inspection batch shall be the quantity delivered at one time or the quantity put into production at one time. The production time of the unit products constituting the inspection batch must be the same.
10.4.2 The samples shall be randomly selected from the inspection batch, and the counting sampling method shall comply with the requirements of GB/T2828. A normal sampling plan can be adopted for inspection according to the requirements of Appendix B, and its transfer rules shall also comply with the requirements of GB/T2828. 10.5 Type inspection shall comply with the following provisions
10.5.1 Type inspection shall be carried out in accordance with one of the following circumstances: a) before the newly developed product is officially put into production; b) when there are major changes in raw materials, formula or processing technology, which may affect the overall performance of the product; c) when the production is stopped for more than one year and Tongxin resumes production; d) when the factory inspection or supervision inspection results are significantly different from the most recent type inspection results; e) when the product quality supervision and inspection department makes a request. 10.5.2 Type inspection items shall comply with the provisions of Table 5. Among them, the field dew degradation performance judgment items of the light-biodegradable material tableware samples shall also comply with the following principles.
a) "Level of appearance crack (texture) change and weight average molecular weight reduction rate" are the main indicators for judging photodegradation performance; "Percentage of low molecular weight below 10,000" and "Intercalation index\ are auxiliary indicators for judging whether to continue exposure under condition B of Table 3 and conduct biodegradation performance test;
b) After exposure under condition A of Table 3, if the main judgment indicators and auxiliary indicators meet the requirements of Table 3, exposure under condition B and biodegradation test can be exempted:
c) After exposure under condition A of Table 3, if the main judgment indicators are qualified and one of the auxiliary indicators is unqualified, exposure under condition B should be continued. If the main indicators and auxiliary indicators are qualified after exposure under condition B, the biodegradation performance indicator test can be exempted. If one of the auxiliary indicators is still unqualified, further exposure is required. Microbial corrosion test or carbon dioxide generation test; d) After exposure to the conditions in Table 3A, if the main and auxiliary indicators of the sample under test are unqualified, but the standard degradation sample is qualified, the test should be terminated; e) If the relative humidity of the environment is equal to or greater than 70% in the first three weeks of the field test, and the degradation of the standard degradation sample is not ideal, the exposure under the conditions in Table 3B can be continued, and the exposure amount in B can be used for judgment. 10.5.3 The inspection batch should be all qualified products produced for type inspection, or all qualified products within the period required by the product quality supervision and inspection authority during normal production. No less than 50 specimens should be randomly selected from the inspection batch. 10.5.4 The sampling method for type inspection shall comply with the provisions of GB/T2829. Single sample inspection items can adopt a single sampling of discrimination level I. Sampling plan (see Appendix B for details).
10.5.5 The sampling method for microbiological inspection shall comply with the requirements of 9.9. The sampling method and determination number for packaging inspection shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A. 10.6 The counting and one-time sampling inspection procedures and sampling plan for supervisory inspection shall comply with the provisions of GB/T14437. 10.7 The inspection results shall be determined according to the following principles 10.7.1 The inspection results of single sample inspection items (product appearance, performance, product packaging, and labeling) shall be counted and judged according to the following rules. a) If one or more Class A items on a test sample are unqualified (there may also be Class C items that are unqualified), it shall be counted as one Class A unqualified product:
b) If one or more Class B items on a test sample are unqualified (not c) If one or more C-type items on a sample are unqualified (no A-type or B-type items are unqualified), count as one C-type unqualified product: d) When the number of unqualified products of a certain type is less than or equal to the qualified judgment number A., the inspection item of this type is qualified. On the contrary, if it is greater than or equal to the unqualified judgment number R., then the inspection item of this type is unqualified. 10.7.2 The results of the degradation performance test of the tableware made of light-biodegradable materials shall be compared and judged according to the provisions of Article 10.5.2 and the requirements of Table 3. The judgment principles are as follows; a) The degradation performance is qualified if the main judgment indicators and auxiliary judgment indicators are qualified after exposure to the conditions of Table 3A: GB 18006. 1—1999
h) According to the principle of 10.5.2, if the main and auxiliary indicators are qualified after exposure to condition B, the degradation performance can also be judged to be qualified; c) According to the principle of 10.5.2, if the main judgment indicators are still unqualified after exposure to condition A, the degradation performance is unqualified! d) According to the principle of 10.5.2, if the microbial erosion test or carbon dioxide generation test is qualified, the degradation performance is qualified, otherwise the degradation performance is unqualified.
10.7.3 The biodegradability test results of paper, plant fiber, and edible powder tableware should be compared and judged according to the requirements of Table 4. 10.7.4 If all items specified in Table 5 are qualified, the batch of products is qualified. If one of the microorganisms, physical and chemical indicators, degradation performance, appearance, and use performance is unqualified, the batch of products is unqualified. 11 Packaging, marking, transportation, storage
11.1 Packaging
Soft degradable tableware batch products should have two layers of inner and outer packaging, the packaging should be neat, the quantity should be accurate, and meet the following requirements! a) The inner packaging should be sealed, and its material must be clean, non-toxic, odorless, and dust-proof and waterproof; b) The inner packaging material of light-biodegradable tableware and drinkware should have light-proof performance: c) The outer packaging box should be pressure-resistant, dust-proof and moisture-proof. 11.2 Marking
11.2.1 Each finished tableware and drinkware should have a clear factory logo formed once on the outer surface. 11.2.2 The packaging box should be attached with an explanatory label and indicate the following: a) Product name, type, registered trademark, health license number; b) Manufacturer name, place of origin, batch number and production date; c) Inspection pass mark and standard code:
11.2.3 The surface of the outer packaging box should have the following marks: a) Product name, type, registered trademark, health license number and hot standard code! b) Manufacturer name and place of origin;
) Product quantity, packaging gross weight, net weight and volume; d) Batch number and production date;
e) Product storage conditions and shelf life!
f》Attached with the words "food use" and "anti-pollution, anti-drenching, do not press, place with care" mark, 11.3 Transportation and storage
1.3.1 It shall not be mixed with toxic, harmful or odorous items for transportation or storage, 11.3.2 It shall be loaded and unloaded gently during transportation to avoid severe vibration, squeezing and sun and rain. 11.3.3 The warehouse for storing disposable degradable tableware shall meet the following conditions: a) There shall be a special warehouse for finished products,
b) The minimum temperature shall not be lower than 5'℃ and the maximum shall not be higher than 40℃: c) The relative humidity shall be lower than 80% and well ventilated; d) There shall be rodent-proof and moisture-proof conditions, 15 11.3.4 Unopened batch products shall not stick, change or deteriorate within one year under the specified packaging, transportation and storage conditions. Item
Original tree materials
Unqualified
Dichlorvos
Must not be picked out
Must not be detected
GB18006.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Limit of large amount of organophosphorus pesticide residues in plant fiber raw materials and tableware products
Malathion
Must not be detected
Standard mg/kg
Parathion
Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard:
Phorate
Shall not be detected
Sampling method for factory inspection and type inspection Spirothion
Shall not be detected
Table B1
Factory inspection Single sample inspection items Normal inspection-sampling plan Item name
Wrinkle, peeling
Rupture, perforation
Oil stain, foreign matter
Heat resistance
Load-bearing performance
Volume deviation
Inspection level
Special inspection
Level 5-2
Special inspection
Level S-3
Special inspection
Note: A: Qualified judgment number iR Unqualified judgment number Batch range
5011 200
1 201--35 000 | | tt | 201 --10 000
10001~35000
35 001~150 000
Number of sampleswww.bzxz.net
Qualified quantity level
Table B2 Type inspection Single sample inspection item discrimination level Positive single sampling plan sample number
Unqualified quality level
Determination number
Benethiol
Determination number
Batch range
26~150
151~500
Note: A—
Table B3
Inspection level
Special inspection level
Qualified determination number IR.
GB 18006. 1-1999
Packaging and marking inspection Normal inspection single sampling plan sample number
Unqualified determination number.
Qualified quality level
Determination number
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