Some standard content:
Shipbuilding Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
CB3438-92
Safety requirements for fire and explosion prevention in ship repair
Published on January 8, 1993
Published by China State Shipbuilding Corporation
Implemented on July 1, 1993
Shipbuilding Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety requirements for fire and explosion prevention in ship repair
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the fire and explosion safety requirements for operations in various engineering parts during ship repair. CB3438-92
Classification number: R30
This standard applies to all types of steel ships and offshore work platforms. Unless otherwise specified, it also applies to the repair projects of special ships and warships.
2 Reference standards
GB3552
GB3787
GB4064
GB6514
Ship pollutant emission standards
Safety technical regulations for the management, use, inspection and maintenance of hand-held power toolsGuidelines for safe design of electrical equipment
Safety regulations for painting operationsPainting process safety GB6515
Ventilation and purification of painting processes
Safety regulations for painting operations
GB7693
Safety regulations for painting operationsVentilation and purification of pre-treatment processes for painting ZBU06004
3 Terms
3.1 Hazard factorsWww.bzxZ.net
Ship welding and cutting safety
Factors that can cause casualties to people or sudden damage to objects. 3.2 Special operations
Operations that pose a significant hazard to the operator himself, especially to the safety of others and surrounding facilities. 4 General rules
4.1 Before repairing a ship, the manufacturer and the shipowner must sign a written agreement to clarify the scope of their respective safety responsibilities, and the relevant departments of the shipyard must conduct safety inspections before the ship enters the factory for repair in accordance with regulations. 4.2 The party that assumes specific safety responsibilities according to the agreement must be responsible for formulating safety measures. 4.3 In order to ensure the implementation of various safety measures during ship repair, the manufacturer, the shipowner’s representative and the safety and fire prevention personnel responsible for the ship must form a safety supervision team to be responsible for the supervision and inspection of the ship’s safety and fire prevention management work. 4.4 Before ship repair, the shipyard shall provide safety requirements and necessary information to the shipowner, and the shipowner shall provide the following information to the factory: the types, quantities, characteristics and storage locations of all flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful dangerous materials on board; a.
b. The availability of fire-fighting equipment on board, the location of the fire control station, as well as the fire control plan and the distribution map of oil tanks and oil tanks; the environment or repair parts, repair projects and potential hidden dangers on board that may cause danger. c.
4.5 For ships that are degassing and cleaning oil tanks at anchorages, according to the requirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, the relevant signal flags stipulated in the International Signal Regulations shall be hoisted during the day, and red lights shall be lit around the ship at night. 4.6 Before the start of ship repair, a single ship fire and explosion safety operation plan shall be issued at the same time as the construction order. 4.7 According to the degree of danger of the project or the nature of the repair, the following basic requirements shall be met. 4.7.1 A "No Smoking" warning sign shall be set up where smoking and open flames are prohibited. Approved by China State Shipbuilding Corporation on January 8, 1993, implemented on July 1, 1993
CB3438-92
4.7.2 Warning signs "Prevent spontaneous combustion" shall be set up in places where wood shavings, paint waste, waste cotton yarn, etc. are stored, near steam pipes, other heat dissipation surfaces, or where flammable materials such as oils are stored. 4.7.3 Electrical equipment shall be marked with words such as "No unauthorized personnel shall touch or connect the power supply without permission". 4.7.4 All welding and cutting personnel shall strictly comply with the approval procedures for hot work, and shall not weld or cut on any part of the ship without the permission of the safety and fire prevention personnel.
4.7.5 Without the permission of the responsible personnel, no one may enter the oil or water tank cabinet, pipe tunnel, isolation cabin or similar closed cabins. If it is necessary to enter such cabins, the following measures should be taken: ventilation and oxygen measurement requirements; a.
There should be a supervisor for supervision;
Enterers should prepare reliable life-saving equipment and know how to use it; c.
A signboard with the words "Someone is working in the cabin" should be hung outside the hatch. 4.7.6 The type of alarm facilities on board should be marked. Once a fire is discovered, all personnel on board should quickly engage in the following activities: a.
Send the fire alarm as soon as possible and notify the fire department as quickly as possible; use fire extinguishers that meet the requirements to extinguish the fire. The selection criteria for commonly used fire extinguishers are detailed in Appendix A (Supplement); take isolation, cooling, suppression and other measures to prevent the spread of flames. c.
4.7.7 There should be sufficient fire-fighting equipment on board that is in good condition and available at any time, and there should be no obstacles around it. If necessary, auxiliary fire-fighting materials such as water and asbestos cloth should be added before construction. 4.7.8 Use signs to mark the emergency exits leading to the deck. 4.7.9 Near cooking equipment using liquefied petroleum gas, there should be signs such as "Check for leaks before ignition", "No open flame inspection", "Pay attention to ventilation", etc.
4.7.10 The entrances and exits of the living cabins and engine rooms should be closed in the following circumstances: a.
When loading and unloading volatile petroleum products;
When the oil tank is not degassed;
When pressurizing and ventilating.
4.7.11CO: The control room should have a management system and a dedicated person should be responsible. CO. There should be a warning sign "No unauthorized personnel allowed" in front of the operating valve in the room, and it should be locked during non-construction periods.
4.8 Drinking and unauthorized persons are prohibited from boarding the ship. 4.9 Personnel who have received safety and fire prevention training shall patrol the ship day and night. 4.10 A certain number of personnel shall be on board at all times to ensure that they can deal with emergencies. 4.11 If a ship under repair at the dock catches fire outside the ship, effective isolation measures shall be taken immediately. 4.12 Except for work and patrol needs, all watertight doors, emergency doors, windows, loading doors, sea valves and other openings on the navigation side shall be kept closed.
4.13 When the ship is under repair at the dock or anchorage, it shall have sensitive, effective and sufficient communication equipment. 4.14 The ship shall always maintain sufficient stability. When firefighting work endangers its stability, its action plan shall be determined by the maritime administration in accordance with the "Regulations on Ship Retreat and Safety Communication Work" of the Ministry of Transport, but the captain or supervisor must provide the maritime administration and the fire department with relevant information that affects the safety of the ship.
4.15 The ship's alarm system must be in good working condition. When the system fails, there must be an alternative method. 4.16 Under normal circumstances, all types of large and medium repair ships can only dock or enter the dock after removing various oils. Oil tanks or containers that have been loaded with flammable and explosive items must be equipped with sufficient explosion-proof lighting, ventilation, and degassing equipment as needed. 4.17 During ventilation, open flames are not allowed in any area that can be endangered by flammable gases, and mechanical and electrical sparks must be prevented. 4.18 The hull of the docked ship must have reliable grounding protection measures. 4.19
9 All ventilation pipes on board must be adjusted to the appropriate direction according to the wind direction. 4.20 The lighting required in various parts of the ship must use lighting fixtures that meet safety requirements and appropriate illumination. 2
CB3438-92
4.21 When carrying out hoisting operations in areas containing flammable gases, temporary measures must be taken to prevent metal parts from colliding with each other and generating sparks. 4.22 The treatment of ship waste oil, sewage, etc. shall comply with GB3552. 5 Prevention of fire and explosion
5.1 Fire prevention and safety in general workplaces
5.1.1 Smoking is strictly prohibited in ship repair construction areas, and other areas should be strictly controlled. Smoking areas should be designated, and cigarette butts should not be thrown around. 5.1.2 Special steel containers should be set up for storing oily rags, waste cotton yarn, etc. 5.1.3 In addition to complying with ZBU06004, fire and explosion safety for welding and cutting also requires the following: a. Before open flame operations, the operation site must be thoroughly inspected, and operations can only be started after it is confirmed that there are no flammable materials around the object to be repaired and in the adjacent compartments. Measures should also be taken to prevent sparks from splashing into the scattered cargo hold openings and ventilators. Careful inspection should be carried out after the operation to avoid fire hazards; b. When welding and cutting objects, if there is a safety threat to the bottom or back of the object, permission must be obtained from the fire prevention personnel, and fire extinguishing equipment must be prepared and a special person must be assigned to supervise;
c. For closed and semi-closed boxes and cabinets that have been filled with oil, when it is necessary to start a fire, the residual oil and grease must be cleaned up, and the ventilation and explosion test can be passed before the operation;
d. Various flammable and dry pipelines and heating coils on board, although they have been cleaned, still need ventilation and explosion test before starting open fire operations;
e.If there is iron sulfide in the oil tank, and the oil tank is loaded with over-acidic crude oil, the oil stain mixed with iron sulfide must be diluted and softened and removed before open flame operation.
5.2 Safety of oxygen and acetylene equipment
5.2.1 The filling, transportation, use and storage of oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders must comply with the requirements of the "Safety Supervision Regulations for Gas Cylinders" and "Safety Supervision Regulations for Dissolved Acetylene Cylinders" promulgated by the Ministry of Labor. 5.2.2 Oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders must be placed in a well-ventilated location and strictly prevent exposure to sunlight. The two must be kept at a distance of more than 5m and stored separately from other cylinders.
5.2.3 Acetylene generators shall not be placed or installed on ships under repair. 5.2.4 Wire ropes, chains and electromagnetic cranes shall not be used to lift cylinders, but special baskets, iron boxes, etc. shall be used for lifting. 5.2.5 Cylinders shall not be pushed down from one height to another, nor shall they be used as supports or rollers. 5.2.6 Before moving the gas cylinder, the valve must be closed. When moving, it cannot be transported together with the pressure reducer, oxygen hose, and acetylene hose. The valve of the empty cylinder without gas should be closed.
5.2.7 When the acetylene cylinder is hot or its pipe is on fire, it is strictly forbidden to lift or open and close the valve. Measures to cool the cylinder should be taken as soon as possible, and the fire department or the pressure vessel management department should be reported immediately. 5.2.8 Only standard handles can be used to open and close the valve of the gas cylinder. 5.2.9 Oxygen cylinders, acetylene cylinders and other high-pressure gas cylinders used for welding and cutting must be equipped with sensitive and reliable pressure reducers and kept in good working condition.
5.2.10 Before installing the pressure reducer on the gas cylinder, blow air into the valve first to remove dirt and impurities on the joint. 5.2.11 Before releasing the gas during gas welding and gas cutting, the adjusting screw of the pressure reducer should be loosened. 5.2.12 When oxygen hoses and acetylene hoses are extended or connected to cutters and pressure reducers, they must be firm, safe and reliable without damage or leakage. Oxygen hoses and acetylene hoses that are worn, notched, cracked, burned or sporadically connected are prohibited from use. The pressure of hydrogen hoses and acetylene hoses in use shall not exceed the pressure value specified in the manufacturer's instruction manual. It is prohibited to use open flames to check whether oxygen hoses and acetylene hoses are leaking. It is also prohibited to use burning ropes to ignite welding (cutting) torches.
5.2.13 After welding and cutting in closed cabins or cabins with few openings and poor ventilation, and when oxygen and acetylene cylinders are out of use, all welding and cutting equipment should be taken out of the cabin, and the gas supply valve should be closed, and the connection between the oxygen hose and acetylene hose and the gas source should be removed. 5.3 Electrical safety
5.3.1 It is strictly prohibited to use electric tools, cables, plugs, sockets, etc. with poor insulation and safety hazards, and the circuits must not be overloaded. 3
CB3438--92
5.3.2 Temporary wiring must be approved and installed by a certified electrician. Any wiring that exceeds the safety voltage must be suspended, isolated from oxygen hoses and acetylene hoses, and clearly marked, and a dedicated person must be assigned to manage it. 5.3.3 Portable electrical equipment and power tools must be strictly inspected in accordance with GB3787 before use. 5.3.4 Temporary electricity can only be plugged into a dedicated socket and disconnected in time when not in use. Bare wires must not be directly plugged into the socket. 5.3.5 In cabins and closed containers where there is a risk of electric shock, only safety lighting lamps below 36V or portable lamps with dry batteries and approved flashlights can be used.
5.3.6 All electrical equipment and facilities in flammable and explosive workplaces must be explosion-proof and meet safety requirements. 5.3.7 When handling volatile oil or flammable gas, ventilation must be prevented to prevent flammable gas from entering the living cabin, engine room or boiler room. The air conditioning equipment and mechanical ventilation in these areas must be turned off. If the danger continues to exist, oil handling or ventilation should be suspended. 5.4 Painting
5.4.1 During the cabin painting, plastic floor bonding process and before the paint film dries, ventilation must be good. Smoke and open flame operations are prohibited in fire-prohibited areas.
5.4.2 The flammable and explosive dangerous goods such as flammable solvents provided by the shipyard for construction shall not exceed the daily limit or the amount of urgent use. Non-urgent flammable and explosive goods shall be stored in a safe place outside the ship. 5.4.3 Other safety requirements for painting operations shall comply with the provisions of GB6514, GB6515 and GB7693. 5.5 Engine room safety
5.5.1 If there is a flammable gas leak in the engine room, open flame operations shall be strictly prohibited. 5.5.2
Ensure that the engine room is clean and there is no oil spillage and dirty oil and water in the bilge. 5.5.3
After the diesel engine is shut down for test run, the crankcase guide door must not be opened immediately to prevent explosion. Oil must not collect on the bottom of the boiler, the bottom of the bilge, near the heating pipe or other hot surfaces. 5.5.4
5.5.5 When filling oil into the oil cabinet and oil tank, prevent oil spillage. The cock with a heavy hammer on the sounding pipe of the lubricating oil or fuel tank must not be placed in the open position. 5.6 Stove safety
5.6.1 When the volatile flammable gas reaches more than 1% of the lower limit of the explosion limit when cleaning the oil tank, loading and unloading oil or ventilating the ship, it is not allowed to use open flame stoves.
5.6.2 When using liquefied petroleum gas stoves during ship repair, effective fire and explosion prevention measures should be taken. 5.7 Safety of Containers Containing Inflammable Goods on Board
Containers containing inflammable goods should be checked for leakage and damage before and after boarding, and their placement should comply with relevant fire prevention and explosion prevention regulations. 5.8 Safe Use of Tools
5.8.1 When carrying tools into the oil tank, if there is a possibility of falling, the tools should be placed in a canvas bag or plastic bag and hung down to prevent sparks from falling.
5.8.2 When working in the battery room, it is strictly forbidden to place tools on the battery to prevent short circuits. 5.9 Static Electricity Protection
5.9.1 Various painting and oiling equipment must have reliable grounding protection. 5.9.2 During operation, avoid mutual friction, collision, and peeling between objects. It is not allowed to take off clothes, hats, shoes, etc. in the spraying or oiling site. 5.10 Oil tank cleaning and ventilation safety
5.10.1 After cleaning the oil tank (cabinet) and before ventilation, the relevant personnel on board should be informed. 5.10.2 After cleaning and ventilation, the oil tank must be tested for explosion, and the flammable gas content must be controlled at 5% or less of the lower explosion limit. If open flame operation is required, the flammable and explosive gas must be controlled at 1% or less of the lower explosion limit. The lower explosion limit of flammable gas is shown in Appendix B (reference).
5.11 Before open flame operation, cargo oil tanks, pump rooms and isolation cabins must be ventilated and passed the explosion test. 6 Welding and cutting safety
6.1 Switches and fuses that comply with GB4064 should be installed near the electric welder, and the power supply should be cut off immediately when necessary. 4
CB3438—92
6.2 When using solvent to clean the grease on the weldment, welding is strictly prohibited if the solvent is not completely dried or volatilized. 6.3 For electric welding machines on board, the secondary power supply line should be kept away from the passage and elevated, and the welding line should take anti-extrusion and friction measures. After the operation is completed, the power supply and gas source must be cut off, and they must be installed separately from the oxygen hose and acetylene hose. 7 Safety of voyage repair
7.1 Vessels with long cycles of voyage repair should have full-time safety staff. 7.2 The open fire operation of voyage repair vessels must implement the open fire application system, and the ship repair supervisor should urge the ship to complete the open fire declaration procedures with the port supervision. The open fire operation personnel should fill out the open fire application form, and the fire can only be started after approval by the relevant departments, with the presence of the ship's personnel, and the implementation of measures. After the open fire operation, check whether there is any residual fire, and leave only after the inspection and approval of the ship's delivery party. 7.3 Open flame operations in engine rooms, auxiliary engine rooms, oil tanks or cabins that have been sprayed, as well as key areas where paint, flammable and explosive items are stored, must be carried out within 24 hours after the explosion test is passed. If the situation changes or exceeds the standard, the explosion test must be repeated if an open flame is required. 7.4 When installing and wiring all electrical equipment, live operation is not allowed. If live operation is required to troubleshoot during commissioning, reliable safety measures should be taken and a two-person supervision system should be strictly implemented. 7.5 The shipping of tools, equipment, acetylene cylinders, oxygen cylinders and marine parts used in naval maintenance projects must implement safety precautions to ensure transportation and lifting safety.
8 Personal protection
Operators must correctly use protective equipment that is consistent with this type of work. 8.2 Safety helmets must be properly worn when boarding ships and in production sites that are susceptible to impact from falling objects and collisions. 9
Safety Education
9.1 All special operation personnel involved in ship repair must undergo special education and assessment and must hold a certificate before taking up their posts. 9.2 General types of work must undergo safety knowledge education for their type of work. 9.3 When adopting new technologies, new processes, and new materials, special training must be conducted. 9.4 All foreign laborers involved in ship repair must sign a safety contract before construction and accept the factory's safety education assessment. Only after passing the assessment can they take up their posts. During the construction period, they must strictly abide by the relevant regulations of Guangdong Province on the management of foreign laborers. 6
Dry powder fire extinguisher
1211 fire extinguisher
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
Chemical foam fire extinguisher
CB3438-92
Appendix A
Criteria for the selection of commonly used fire extinguishers
(Supplement)
Material filled in the bottle
Mixed substance composed of dry powder and carbon dioxide or nitrogen
Difluoromonobromomethane
(CF,CIBr)
Carbon dioxide
It is a mixture of two chemical foam powders in water solution. Generally, the external medicine is sodium bicarbonate and the internal medicine is aluminum sulfate
Scope of application
Factories, warehouses, offices , shops, vehicles, ships, etc.
Precious material warehouses, power distribution rooms, laboratories, archives, hotels, restaurants and
vehicles and ships
Industrial and mining enterprise warehouses, power distribution stations, physical and chemical laboratories, exhibition halls, libraries and archives, etc.
Factories, enterprises, public places, shops, residences, etc.
Fire extinguishing types
Initial fires of petroleum, petroleum products, paints, organic
solvents, flammable liquids and electrical equipment
Initial fires of oils, electrical appliances, instruments, books, archives, etc.
Initial fires of oils, electrical appliances (below 600V). It is also applicable to the initial fire of potassium phosphate, sodium light metal fire, general substances or flammable liquids such as oils, but not applicable to the fire of charged equipment and organic solvents such as alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, etc. Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Hydrogen sulfide Nicotine Tetraethyl lead City gas Standard gasoline Illuminating kerosene Jet fuel Lower explosion limit, % 3 438-92
Lower explosion limits of 108 substances
(reference)
Nitromethane
Methyl fluoride
Dichloromethane
Ethylene fluoride
Difluoroethane
N-fluorobutane
Methylpentane
Diethyl alkane
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Ethylene oxide
Diene
Styrene
Nitrogen propene
Cis-dibutylene
Lower explosion limit, %
Xylene
Trimethylbenzene
Terphenyl
Isoamyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Chloroethanol
Methyl butanol
Benzaldehyde
Creonaldehyde
Lower explosion limit, %
Methyl formate
Ethyl formate
Butyl formate
Isoamyl formate
Methyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Propyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Isoamyl acetate| |tt||Methyl propionate
Lower explosion limit, %
83Methyl crotonate
Ethyl nitrate
Additional instructions:
CB3438-92
Continued Table B1
Diformaldehyde
Ethyl methyl ether
Divinyl aldehyde
Diisopropyl aldehyde
Di-n-butyl ether
Cyclohexanone
Hydrocyanic acid
Lower explosion limit, %
This standard was proposed by the Ship Repair Sub-Technical Committee of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Marine Ships. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Tianjin Ship Repair Technology Research Institute. This standard was drafted by Dalian Shipyard. The main drafters of this standard are Song Shufeng, Li Wenda, Zhang Guoshun, Lu Bingrong, and Zheng Bencheng. Name
Acrylonitrile
Trimethylamine
Trimethylamine
Dimethylamine
Dimethylhydrazine
Lower explosion limit, %
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.