This standard specifies the visual ergonomic principles of indoor work system lighting, the parameters that affect visual performance, and the indicators that must be met to obtain a satisfactory visual environment. This standard applies to workplaces such as industrial buildings, office buildings, and hospitals. This standard does not apply to low-light workplaces, such as places where projections are projected, slides are viewed, photosensitive materials are processed, visual display devices are used, and objects are enlarged with auxiliary equipment. GB/T 13379-1992 Visual ergonomic principles Indoor work system lighting GB/T13379-1992 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the visual ergonomic principles of indoor work system lighting, the parameters that affect visual performance, and the indicators that must be met to obtain a satisfactory visual environment. This standard applies to workplaces such as industrial buildings, office buildings, and hospitals. This standard does not apply to low-light workplaces, such as places where projections are projected, slides are viewed, photosensitive materials are processed, visual display devices are used, and objects are enlarged with auxiliary equipment.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Principles of visual ergonamics
Lighting of indoor work systems
This standard refers to and adopts the international standard IS08995-1989 Principles of visual ergonamics 1 Subject content and applicable examples
CB/T13379-92
-Lighting of indoor work systems.
This standard specifies the visual ergonomic principles of lighting of indoor work systems, the parameters that affect visual performance, and the indicators that must be met to obtain a satisfactory visual environment.
This standard is applicable to workplaces such as industrial buildings, office buildings and hospitals. This standard is not applicable to low-light workplaces, places where projections are added, slides are viewed, photosensitive materials are processed, visual display devices are used, and figures and objects are placed with auxiliary equipment.
2 Reference standards
Ergonomic lighting terms
GB5697
GB 5698
Color terms
GR 5699
GB 5700
Daylighting measurement hall method
Indoor lighting measurement method
3 Main parameters affecting visual performance
The effectiveness of the worker's visual system should be evaluated by visual performance; visual performance should be evaluated by the speed and accuracy of the worker's completion of the task. The following figure specifies the main parameters that affect the worker's visual performance in the visual environment. Visual performance should be mainly determined by the characteristics of the task and the characteristics of the lighting. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on February 9, 1992, and implemented on December 1, 1992
3.1 Visual task characteristics
3.1.1 Size and distance
Task characteristics
Size and distance contrast
Facing
Motion and time
L. Task characteristics
Depth perception
Color perception
Lighting characteristics
Brightness distribution
Spectral composition
Work space variation
Field restrictions
Posture restrictions
Safety requirements
GR/T 13379—92
Visual ability
Working environment
Main parameters affecting the visual performance of the user in the visual environment
aThe perception of visual details should be characterized by visual acuity (sensitivity). The change of the size of the object can change the visibility, and the enlargement of the details can improve the visual performance;
hThe perception of distance, depth, and convexity can be determined by the intellectual functions such as visual quality, cognition, and experience, as well as the judgment of various visual objects.
3. 1. 2 Contrast
The work and the background should have the greatest brightness and (or) color contrast. Within a certain range, when the background brightness is increased, the contrast sensitivity of the eye can be improved.
The field of view should be bright and clear of light sources and light reflections. Avoid moving the line of sight from the work to the overly bright area to prevent the decrease of contrast caused by sharp energy glare.
3.1.3 Surface texture
The perception of texture should show the surface texture and shade accurately. To identify the texture, attention should be paid to the directionality and diffusion of light, there should be reasonable shadows, and the contrast required for identifying the texture of the object should not be reduced due to the extreme reflection of light. 3.1.4 Movement and observation time
a. The image of the target should move on the retina, and the fovea of ​​the retina is more sensitive to shape than the periphery of the retina!
h. The accuracy of the perception of the movement of the object can be determined by the speed, size, shape, contrast and observation time of the object; and the visibility of the moving object can be increased by following the object's movement path for a suitable period of time. If the scanning speed is too high or the movement path is complex, the visibility may be reduced. 3.1.5 ColorWww.bzxZ.net
The color of the object can affect its recognition speed: a.
b. Increasing illumination can significantly improve color perception;
GB/T13379-92
Under illumination similar to the spectrum of natural light, the color perception remains true! c
d. The color spectrum can be determined by the spectrum of light and the characteristics, brightness, color contrast and color adaptation state of the surface being observed; e. The corresponding light source should be selected according to the requirements of the use site for color recognition of visual work. 3.2 Worker characteristics
Visual function can change with vision. Under normal conditions, the eyes can adjust vision to the maximum clarity of information conveyed. In order to improve the ability to distinguish fine details, the visual system has the greatest efficiency when the image of the moon in the retina is located in the center of the retina. 3-2.2 Age
Vision decreases with age, and the elderly need higher illumination than the elderly. 3.3 Lighting characteristics
3. 3. 1 Illuminance
There should be an illumination that meets the needs of visual work. Under normal circumstances, within a certain illuminance range, increasing illuminance can improve visual performance, and the performance of tasks involving human size and human contrast can reach its maximum value at medium illuminance. 3.3.2 Brightness distribution
There should be a brightness distribution or illuminance average that meets the needs of visual work. 3.3-3 Light spectrum composition
The spectral composition of the light source used should meet the requirements of color recognition or visual tasks and ambient lighting for color decoration and color rendering. 3.3.4 Glare
Direct glare, reflected glare and light curtain reflection should be avoided. 3.3.5 Flicker and flicker
The occurrence of stroboscopic effect and flicker phenomenon should be avoided. 3.3.6 Directivity
There should be the required directionality, shadow and three-dimensional sense of light. 3.4 Interval variables
In good lighting practice, parameters such as field restrictions, posture restrictions and safety requirements should be considered. 4 Lighting Principles
The visual environment should be based on the principles of improving work efficiency, ensuring safety, health, and visual comfort, and pay attention to energy saving and reducing costs. 4.1 Lighting Requirements
Daylighting and lighting should provide appropriate lighting conditions for completing tasks, and create an appropriate visual environment when leaving the task for rest and change of tasks.
Indoor visual impression is affected by the following surface appearances: a. Main targets: work surface, human eyes and equipment! b. Main surfaces in the room: walls, ceilings, floors, windows (at night) and equipment, etc. Surface light sources: lamps and windows (room).
4.1. 1 Task lighting
Task lighting is lighting set up to enable workers to clearly see the visual object and focus their attention on the task. The effectiveness of task lighting is mainly determined by visual efficacy, which is determined by the parameters in Chapter 3. 4.1.2 Ambient lighting
The relationship between the brightness and color of each surface in the environment should meet the needs of shrinking function, visual comfort and eliminating glare. In order to improve the visual function, the interference factors, adverse adaptation and discomfort in the field of vision should be prevented during the entire operation process. Appropriate ambient lighting should meet the following requirements: Give the room a proper sense of brightness:
It is conducive to enhancing safety and ease of movement,
It helps to focus on the work area; provide some areas with a lower brightness than the work area; help the correct balance of the directionality and diffusion of light, so that people can have a natural sense of standing and friendly shadows; use light sources with good color rendering properties, so that people and furnishings can show a satisfactory natural color; form a pleasant brightness and color change in the studio to promote the health of workers and reduce workload: The color of the floor, wall and equipment should be selected to enhance the sense of cleanliness and brightness. 4.2 Illuminance
4.2.1 Illuminance range
The range of illumination for various operations and activities in different areas shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. Generally, the lower limit of each illumination range in Table 1 shall be adopted. When high-intensity gas discharge lamps are used for general lighting, the illumination value should not be lower than 501x ​​in places where people often work. Table 1 Illuminance ranges for operations and activities in various wind zones Illuminance range, Ix
3 -5 10
10-15-20
152030
3-- 50--75
100150200
200.300---500
300--500-750
500--: 750—1 000
7501 000 -1 500
[ 000- 1 500--2 000
4.2.2 High value of illumination range
Outdoor communication area
Outdoor work area
Type of regional operations and activities
Indoor communication area, general observation, visual inspection
Rough work
General operations
Operations with certain visual requirements
Operations with medium visual requirements
Operations with particularly strenuous visual requirements
Operations with very difficult visual requirements
Operations with special visual requirements
Any very precise visual operations
All When one of the following conditions is met, the illumination value of the working surface shall use the high value of the illumination range: a. For general operations to operations with special visual requirements, when the distance between the eyes and the identification object is greater than 500mm; when continuous and long-term intense visual operations have adverse effects on the visual organs; b. When the identification object is moving and the identification time is short and recognition is difficult; when the work requires special attention to safety; when the reflectance ratio is particularly low or the contrast is small; when the operation accuracy requirements are high, and the production difference causes great losses. 4.2.3 Lower value of illuminance range
When any one or more of the following conditions are met, the lower value of the illuminance range shall be used for the lower illuminance on the work surface: When temporary work is completed:
When accuracy and speed are not important:
When the reflectance or contrast is particularly large.
4.3 Illuminance distribution
CB/T 13379--92
III. The uniformity of illuminance of general lighting in the work area should not be less than 0.7: b. The illuminance value of general lighting in the corridors and other non-work areas in the work area should not be less than one-fifth of the illuminance value of the work area 4.4 Limitation of direct glare
4.4.1 Illumination glare and limitation
The limitation of direct glare generated by lighting devices can be determined according to the method in Appendix A (Supplement). 4.4.2 Measures to reduce window glare
Indoor and outdoor shelter measures can be used to reduce window brightness or reduce sky view; b. The sight of the staff should not face the window; c.
Under the premise of not reducing the number of light windows, the reflectance and brightness of the surface around the window should be increased. 4.5 Measures to prevent and reduce reflected light and light curtain reflection. The working position of the staff and the position of the light source should be arranged reasonably, and the reflected light on the working surface of the light source should not be directed to the eyes of the staff. If the above requirements cannot be met, local lighting with appropriate projection direction can be used; b. The working surface should be made of low gloss and diffuse reflective materials; c. Large area and low brightness lamps can be used. The ceiling, walls and floors with matte finishes with high reflectance can be used. Lamps with upward light should be installed on the ceiling to increase the brightness of the entire ceiling. 4.6 Natural lighting
4-6.1 Who
Windows can provide visual contact with the outside and beneficial illumination for indoor work areas. Direct sunlight should be avoided from entering the working area. The optimal size and type of side windows or skylights should be determined based on the local conditions of the building, the requirements of architecture, lighting, vision, thermal engineering and acoustics.
4.6.2 Requirements for visual connection with the outside
When calculating the minimum window area of ​​living and studio rooms, the following requirements for visual connection with the outside should be considered: the window glass area should account for 20% to 30% of the area of ​​the exterior wall seen from a single side. b. The ratio of the window width to the width of the solid wall between the windows should be between 1.21 and 311; c. The window sill height should not exceed 0.9 m. 4.6.3 Requirements for sufficiency When the window is small and meets the requirements of 4.6.2, for a room with a depth of about 2 to 3 times the distance from the top of the window to the window sill, it can ensure that there is a suitable indoor brightness impression during the day; for a room with a large depth, appropriate auxiliary lighting combined with daylighting can improve the brightness distribution in the room and avoid the feeling of gloom in the part far from the indoor windows. 4.6.4 Natural light illuminance The working surface should reach and exceed the specified indoor natural light illuminance and daylighting factor, h. The average continuous natural light time in days, months and years should be given; the duration of natural light utilization related to the number of working hours should be given. 4.6.5 Combination of daylighting and lighting When natural light cannot ensure satisfactory illumination on the working surface, electric lighting should be used to supplement or replace natural light. The illumination of the lighting should be designed according to the most unfavorable conditions. Automatic or manual switches and dimming devices should be installed. The lights should be turned on, off or dimmed in parallel with the windows. 4.7 Color of light source
The color quality of the light source is characterized by its color table and color rendering. 4.7.1 Color table
The color table of the light source for indoor lighting can be selected according to the provisions of Table 3. Color table group
GB/T13379-92
Table 3 Color table grouping of light sources
Note: Group 1: Applicable to lower illumination levels, residential places or cold climate zones. Group 2: Applicable to studios. Group 3: Applicable to high illumination levels, special operations or warm climate zones. 4.7.2 Color rendering
The color rendering of the light source for indoor lighting should be selected according to the provisions of Table 4. Table 4 Color rendering grouping of light sources
Color rendering
4.8 Directional effect.
Color rendering index
80>R,260
10~R,≥2(
Preferred
Color matching
Medical diagnosis
Office
Printing, paint and textile
Industry, precision processing
Industrial production
Rough processing industry
Household example
Correlated color temperature, K
3300~5300
>5 300
Allowed to be used
Office
Industrial production
Rough processing industry
Light with low incident angle should be projected onto the work surface to facilitate the identification of surface defects and texture; avoid conspicuous shadows on the visual work surface and near the work, the light should not be too directional to facilitate effective viewing: the light should not be too diffuse, so that the illuminated object has a three-dimensional sense of shape. 4.9 Measures to reduce radiation and prevent flash and stroboscopic effects are usually suitable for appropriate shielding at the end of the fluorescent lamp to avoid · Aging fluorescent lamps should be replaced regularly; b: The lamp is tapped on the three-phase circuit. When single-phase power supply or gas discharge lamp is used, it uses a phase shift circuit. It is advisable to use a method to increase the power supply frequency.
4.10 Lighting efficiency
On the basis of ensuring good visual working lighting conditions, the principle is to obtain a lower total cost. On the basis of comprehensive calculation of operating costs and investment costs, the following measures should be taken to obtain good lighting benefits: 8
Determine a reasonable illumination value ;
Use high-efficiency, long-life light sources and high-efficiency lamps: adopt reasonable lighting design;
Normal maintenance and operation;
Make full use of natural light;
When conditions permit, automatic control devices can be installed.
5 Operation of lighting equipment
GB/T13379—92
5.1 Maintenance
In order to keep the lighting equipment intact, promote safety and meet the requirements of lighting efficacy, and minimize the power load and capital consumption, the following measures should be taken: The following maintenance measures should be taken:
Damaged or defective lighting equipment should be regularly maintained and replaced; h Clean lamps and room surfaces at prescribed intervals; It is more economical to clean lamps and replace bulbs at the same time, and it will not cause obvious differences in the color and brightness of the lamps. 5.2 Measurement
In order to verify the compliance of lighting facilities with the prescribed standards, the actual conditions of daylighting and lighting should be measured. Daylighting measurements can be carried out in accordance with GB5699.
Lighting measurement methods can be carried out in accordance with GR5700. A1 Brightness Limitation Curve
GB/T 13379-92
Appendix A
Glare Limitation Method
(Supplement)
A1.1 The direct glare of indoor lighting should use the brightness curve in Figure A1 or Figure A2 to limit the brightness value of the lamp in the glare area. The glare area is shown in Figure A3.
Glare glare
Quality level
Use illuminance, 1x
Ltcd/m\
Brightness Limitation Curve of Non-luminous Side Backlight 500
Glare Level
Quality Level
A1.2 The brightness curve applies to the following conditions:
General lighting with regular lighting;
The line of sight is mainly horizontal and downward;
GB/T 13379-92
Use illuminance. 1x
L(ed/m)
810″
With luminous edge light, the completeness limit curve 4
Figure A3 glare area
c. The ceiling reflectance is at least 0.5, and the wall and furniture are at least 0.25A1.3 Application method
A1.3.1 Select the corresponding glare limit curve according to the type and installation method of the lamp. 300
If the lamp has no luminous side, that is, when the height of the side luminous plate is less than 30mm, or when the luminous side is viewed from the end, use Figure A1. If the lamp has a luminous side (but not including the luminous side viewed from the end), use Figure A2. A1.3-2 Select the corresponding limit curve according to the lighting quality level and the illuminance value of the design site. For different operations and activity sites, according to the quality requirements of glare limit, they are divided into: Class A: extremely high quality, very strict visual operations! Class B, high quality, operations with high visual requirements; GB/T 13379-92
Grade D: medium quality, operations with medium visual requirements; Class E: extremely low quality, operations where the workers are not fixed and have low visual requirements. A1.3.3 The average brightness value of the lamp in the angular direction can be obtained by dividing the angular light intensity value by the projection area of ​​the luminous surface on the plane perpendicular to the direction. Plot the calculated lamp brightness value in the selected figure and compare it with the corresponding brightness curve. If the brightness of the lamp is lower than the brightness of the limit curve, that is, the brightness curve of the lamp is on the left of the limit curve, then the glare limit meets the requirements. If the brightness of the lamp is higher than the brightness of the limit curve, that is, the brightness curve of the lamp is on the right of the limit curve, then this lamp cannot meet the glare limit requirements of the place; if the brightness curve of the lamp intersects with the limit curve, it must be ensured that the brightness of the lamp in the main observation direction of the room is lower than the limit brightness. When using the above brightness curve, the brightness distribution of the lamp in the two main directions of Figure A1 must be considered separately. Eart
Figure A4 Two main directions of the lamp
A2 Shading angle
In addition to meeting the limit requirements of the brightness curve method, the brightness of the lamp should also be limited to the minimum shading angle of the lamp according to Table A1. Table A1 Minimum shading angle of lamps
Average brightness of the light outlet of lamps
10'ed/ma
Note: 1) The shading angle of linear lamps when viewed from the end is 0°. Glare limitation level
General fluorescent lamps
Light source type
High-intensity gas discharge lamps coated with fluorescent powder or radiating glass High-intensity gas discharge lamps with transparent glass shells, incandescent lamps with glare-proof glass
Additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the State Technical Supervision Bureau.
GB/T13379-92
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization. This standard was drafted by the Institute of Building Physics of the China Academy of Building Research. The main drafter of this standard is Zhang Shaogang.
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