GBZ 119-2002 Standard for sanitary protection of radioactive luminous paint
Some standard content:
IcS13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ119-2002
Radiological protection standard for radioactive luminescent paint2002-04-08Promulgated
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2002-06-01
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Types of radioactive luminescent paint work units
Levels of radioactive luminescent paint workplaces
Basic principles of radiation protection
Basic limits and derived limits
Protective facilities
Personal protection
10 Operational hygiene requirements
11 Storage of radioactive luminescent paint
12 Management of radioactive waste
13 Radiation monitoring||tt ||Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Basic Limits and Derived Limits Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Classification of Radioactive Luminescent Paint Waste Appendix C (Informative Appendix) "Radiation Characteristics and Toxicity of H and 14Pm 2
This standard is formulated in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases". If there is any inconsistency between the original standard GB16359-1996 and this standard, this standard shall prevail. Chapters 4 to 13 and Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are mandatory contents, and the rest are recommended contents.
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix C is an informative appendix. Appendix A is mainly quoted from GB8703, unless otherwise noted. This standard is issued by the Ministry of Health Proposed and coordinated.
The drafting units of this standard: Shanghai Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology of Tsinghua University, Guangdong Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control and Gansu Industrial Hygiene Laboratory. The main drafters of this standard: Cong Shuyue, Gu Fang, Mou Canxing, Feng Yuying, Dong Shiyuan, Zha Yongru and Gao Pingyin.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health.
Sanitary Protection Standard for Radioactive Luminous Paints
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic principles and requirements for radiation health protection in the production and application of radioactive luminous paints. GBZ119-2002
This standard is only applicable to materials containing H or 1\P The production and application of radioactive luminescent paint containing Ra and other radioactive nuclides is not applicable to radioactive luminescent paint containing Ra and other radioactive nuclides.
2 Normative references
GB4792 Basic standard for radiation health protection
GB8703 Radiation protection regulations
GB9133 Classification standard for radioactive waste
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. Radioactive luminescent powder radioactive luminescent powder 3.1
A powdered product in which a luminescent matrix is combined with a radioactive nuclide and emits visible light under the excitation of its rays. 3.2 Radioactive luminescent paint radioactive luminescent paint a luminescent substance mixed with radioactive luminescent powder and a binder. In this standard, radioactive luminescent powder and radioactive luminescent paint are collectively referred to as radioactive luminescent paint unless otherwise specified. 3.3 Production of radioactive luminescent paint production of radioactive luminescent paint the process of processing radioactive nuclides and luminescent matrix into radioactive luminescent paint. 3.4 Use of radioactive luminescent paint The process of applying radioactive luminescent paint to other objects to make products containing radioactive luminescent paint. Does not include the application of products containing radioactive luminescent paint.
4. Categories of radioactive luminescent paint work units 4.1 The categories of radioactive luminescent paint work units are divided into three categories according to the annual usage. The annual usage boundary values for classification are listed in Table 1.
4.2 The first and second category work units shall not be located in urban areas. The workplaces of the first category units shall be located in separate buildings: the workplaces of the second and third category units may be located in general buildings, but shall be concentrated on the same floor or at the same end and separated from non-radioactive workplaces.
4.3 Radioactive luminescent paint work units shall, according to their categories, demarcate a certain width of protection monitoring area around the units in accordance with the requirements of GB4792 (see Table 2). And implement regular monitoring. Table 1 Classification of radioactive luminous paint work units Category
>2×10
2×101%2×10
<2×10m
Annual consumption, Bq
>2×1018
2×102~2×101
≤2×1012
Table 2 Width of protection monitoring area for various types of radioactive luminous paint work units Category
Width of protection monitoring area, m
30~150
4.4 Newly built first and second type radioactive luminous paint work units shall be arranged on the upwind side of residential areas according to the local minimum frequency wind direction, and shall avoid existing permanent buildings in the protection monitoring area: When conditions are not conducive to the discharge of airborne radioactive waste, the width of the protection monitoring area shall be appropriately expanded. 5
Radioactive luminous paint workplace level
5.1 According to the maximum daily operation volume, radioactive luminous paint workplaces are divided into three levels according to Table 3. 3 Classification table 3 of radioactive luminous paint workplaces
>2×10*2
2×10~2×102
4×10°~2×10%
Daily maximum operation volume, Bq
>2×10
2×10°~2×1011
4×10~2×10%
Note: The maximum daily operation volume listed in Table 3 needs to be corrected by multiplying the following coefficients according to the nature of the operation: Dry dust-generating operation 0.01: produces a small amount of gas, gas-falling glue Operation 0.1: General wet operation 1: Very simple wet operation 10: Storage 100.5,2 The workplace where the modified daily maximum operation volume is lower than the lower limit of Class C workplace and the specific activity of the radioactive luminous paint is lower than 7×10*Bq·kg is a non-radioactive workplace. Basic principles of radiation protection
All practical activities engaged in the production and application of radioactive luminous paint must comply with the basic principles of radiation protection stipulated in GB4792, namely, the justification of radiation practice, optimization of radiation protection and limitation of personal exposure dose. 7 Basic limits and derived limits
7.1 The annual dose equivalent limits, annual intake limits (ALI) and their corresponding derived air concentrations (DAC) that radiation workers engaged in the production and application of radioactive luminous paint must comply with are shown in Tables A1 to A3 of Appendix A (Normative Appendix). 7.2 The derived limits of various types of surface radioactive contamination of radioactive luminous paint workplaces and personnel are shown in Table A4 of Appendix A (Normative Appendix).
7.3 The annual dose equivalent limits that individuals in the public must comply with and their corresponding derived air concentrations (DAC) and derived ingestion concentrations (DIC) are shown in Tables A5 to A6 of Appendix A (Normative Appendix). 8 Protective facilities
8.1. Class A workplaces should be arranged according to the principle of three zones: active zone, intermediate zone and inactive zone. Class A and Class B workplaces should have sanitary 5
pass-through rooms.
8.2 The floor, countertop, wall and ceiling of the operating area should be paved with smooth and easy-to-decontaminate materials; lighting, heating and water supply and drainage equipment and pipelines should be installed as dark as possible. 8.3 The production and application sites of radioactive luminescent paints should be equipped with fume hoods and glove boxes. There should be a negative pressure of 100~200Pa (10~20mmH20) in the fume hoods and glove boxes, or the cross-sectional wind speed of the operating port should be greater than 1m·s. 8.4 The radiation workplace should have reasonable ventilation conditions, and the airflow direction should be from the inactive zone to the active zone. The ventilation frequency should be: Class A workplace
Class B workplace
Class I workplace
8.5 Exhaust fans in all levels of radiation workplaces should be located close to the exhaust port, and effective filtering devices should be installed in front of the exhaust fans. The exhaust port of Class A workplaces should be 3m higher than the highest roof ridge within a surrounding area of 50m. 8.6 Special containers for collecting solid radioactive waste should be set up in radiation workplaces. 9 Personal protection
9.1 Workers who operate radioactive luminous paint must receive professional technical and radiation health protection knowledge training, and can only take up their posts after passing the assessment.
9.2 Radiation workers must undergo occupational health examinations in accordance with the requirements of Appendix D of GB4792 before taking up their posts and during their posts. 9.3 Pregnant women and breastfeeding women are not allowed to participate in the production, mixing, painting and other operations of radioactive luminescent coatings that are likely to cause internal radiation. 9.4 Before entering the radiation workplace, workers must wear corresponding special personal protective equipment according to different types of work, such as work clothes, masks, gloves, hats, etc.
9.5 Eating, drinking, smoking and other activities unrelated to work are not allowed in the radiation workplace 9.6
After each work, you should wash your hands and shower, and you can leave only after passing the radioactive contamination inspection. 10 Operational hygiene requirements
10.1 Before entering the radiation workplace, workers must turn on the ventilation device. 10.2 The production and application of radioactive luminescent coatings must be carried out in a dedicated fume hood or glove box. The operating tools used should be placed in their respective fume hoods or glove boxes. It is strictly forbidden to take them out of the box. The production and operation of radioactive luminescent coatings must be particularly careful to prevent radioactive materials from spilling and overflowing from the container. 10.3
When operating high-activity radioactive materials, try to use remote operating tools or block them with lead glass to prevent external radiation. 10.4
After use, radioactive luminous paint production and painting tools must be placed on a special rack and are strictly prohibited from being placed directly on the table. The amount of radioactive luminous paint stored on the painting operation table shall not exceed the maximum daily operation amount. Products containing radioactive luminous paint after painting should be placed in a storage area with ventilation devices. 10.8
Repair or replacement of parts containing radioactive luminous paint should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of open radiation work. When scraping off the radioactive luminous paint on the object, it must be moistened with solvent in advance and dust-generating operations should be avoided as much as possible. 10.9
11 Storage of radioactive luminous powder
11.1 Radioactive luminous powder should be stored in a special storage room. The storage room should have good ventilation, lighting, anti-theft, anti-flooding and fire prevention conditions, and an ionizing radiation sign should be installed outside the storage room door. 11.2 The storage room should be away from other dangerous goods warehouses, and explosive, flammable and corrosive items should not be stored indoors. 11.3'H luminescent powder should be stored in a sealed glass container. 11.4 Storage containers should be clearly marked with the name of the contents, specific activity, total activity and storage time: and ionizing radiation signs.
11.5 The storage room should be kept by a dedicated person, and a registration system for the storage and retrieval of stored items should be implemented. 12 Radioactive waste management
12.1 According to the provisions of GB9133, all airborne wastes with a concentration greater than the public DAC, liquid wastes with a concentration greater than the public DIC and solid wastes with a specific activity greater than 7×10*Bq·kg are radioactive wastes. 12.2 Radioactive luminescent paint wastes are divided into weak, low, medium and high categories according to the requirements of GB9133. The boundary values of the classification are shown in Appendix B (Normative Appendix).
12.3 Weak and low-level liquid and airborne wastes may be discharged into the environment in a controlled manner. Intermediate and high-level waste liquids may be converted into different types of solid wastes and then sent to designated waste repositories (sites) for storage or disposal in accordance with Article 12.6. 12.4 When airborne wastes are discharged into the environment, the annual average concentration of radionuclides in the air of the monitoring area shall not exceed 1/150 of the public DAC. When the annual intake of key population groups caused by the discharge of radioactive airborne wastes exceeds 1/3 of the corresponding annual intake limit, the concentration and total discharge volume shall be limited. 12.5 When low-level waste liquid is discharged into ordinary sewers with a flow rate greater than 10 times the discharge volume, the total activity discharged per month shall not exceed 10ALI (radiation workers, ingestion), the activity discharged each time shall not exceed 1ALI (radiation workers, ingestion), and each discharge shall be flushed with water.
12.6 Solid wastes shall be collected in special containers by category and sent to designated waste repositories (sites) for storage or disposal after temporary storage. Waste containers and temporary storage areas shall be marked with ionizing radiation, and a designated person shall be responsible for management and waste storage records. 13 Radiation monitoring
13.1 Radioactive luminescent paint workplaces Under normal circumstances, radiation monitoring items and frequencies can be implemented in accordance with the requirements of Table 4. Table 4 Monitoring items and frequencies in radioactive luminescent paint workplaces Workplace
B-rays and bremsstrahlung
External exposure"
Once a month
Once a quarter
Once every six months
Note: 1) If only H paint is operated, this item can be omitted. "\H and \Pm concentrations in the air"
Once a week
Once a quarter
Surface contamination
Once a week
Once a week
2) Monitoring of radioactive nuclide concentrations in the air, in addition to the workplace, should also include protective monitoring areas. Before wastewater discharge
Specific activity and total activity
Each discharge
13.2 For workers whose external exposure dose equivalent may exceed 1/10 of the annual dose equivalent limit, personal dose monitoring must be implemented. For workers whose annual dose equivalent is unlikely to exceed 1/10 of the limit, only the radiation level in the workplace can be monitored. 13.3 Personal internal contamination monitoring can be implemented through regular or irregular urine\H or urine 147Pm (or fecal 147Pm) radioactive activity measurements. In the case of suspected 14\Pm internal contamination, nasal swab samples can be used for initial inspection. 13.4 Personal protective equipment should be regularly monitored for surface contamination. 13.5 In special circumstances, such as when the operation volume is large or there is suspected contamination and accidents, monitoring should be carried out at any time. 7
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Basic limits and derived limits
Various limits related to radiation workers
A1.1 Annual dose equivalent limits for radiation workers are shown in Table A1.1 Limits for different irradiated parts
Irradiated parts
Eye lens
Other single organs or tissues
Annual dose equivalent limits, mSv
A1.2 Annual limits on radionuclide intake (ALI) for radiation workers are shown in Table A2. Table A2
Annual intake limits for ingestion and inhalation
ALI ingestion, Bq
3×10%
2×10%
ALI inhalation, Bq
3×10%
5×10%
A1.3 When radiation workers are exposed to mixed internal and external exposure, their effective dose equivalent and annual intake of radionuclides shall satisfy the following inequality:
(He/50)+E,(I,/ALI)≤1
Where: H—annual effective dose equivalent of external exposure, mSv·a50—annual effective dose equivalent limit, mSv·a; I—annual intake of radionuclide j, Bq·a; ALI
Annual intake limit of radionuclide j, Bq·a. A1.4 The derived air concentration (DAC) of radionuclides H and lPm ingested by radiation workers is shown in Table A3. Table A3 DAC of radiation workers
8×105
2×10%
A2 Various derived limits of radioactive contamination on the surface of radioactive luminescent coatings A2.1 The derived limits of β radioactive contamination on the surface of the body, clothing and workplace of radiation workers are shown in Table A4. Table A4 Derived limits of various types of surface contamination
Surface type
Hands, skin, underwear, work socks
Work clothes, gloves, work shoes
Equipment, ground, wall
A2.2 The surface contamination level of equipment, walls and ground in the adjacent places of the radiation workplace should not exceed 1/10 of the value listed in Table A4 (cited from GB4792).
A2.3 Equipment and supplies in radiation workplaces, after decontamination, whose contamination level is not greater than 1/50 of the value listed in Table A4, can be used as ordinary objects after measurement by the radiation protection department (but not for cooking utensils). Various limits for the public
Annual dose equivalent limits for the public are shown in Table A5. A3.1
Irradiated parts
Any single organ and tissue
Annual dose equivalent limits for the public
Value, mSvwwW.bzxz.Net
Long-term continuous exposure is 1
Short-term exposure is 5
A3.2 The derived air concentration (DAC) and derived ingestion concentration (DIC) of radionuclides H and 1Pm ingested by the public are shown in Table A6, which are calculated from the public individual dose equivalent limit of 1mSv/a according to Appendix B of GB4792. Table A6
DAC and DIC of the public
DAC,Bg'm
4×103
DIC,Bq·kg
5×103
B1This appendix is extracted from GB9133.
Measurement unit
Bg· L
Bg·kg
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Classification of radioactive luminous paint waste
Classification table of radioactive luminous paint waste
Waste level
2×10~2×10″
5×10~5×10
4×10~1×10%
2×10~5×10%
1×10~1×10
5×10~5×10%
7×10~4×10
7×10-4×10
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Radiation characteristics and toxicity of \H and 1\7Pm
2×10~2×102
5×10~5×10%
1×10″~1×10
5×10~5×1013
4×105~4×10l
4×10~4×10
>2×1012
>5×10%
>1×1015
>5×10F9
>4×10″
>4×10
Radioactive isotope of hydrogen, also known as xenon. Half-life 12.33a. Only emits beta rays. Maximum energy 18keV, average energy 5.7keV: In luminous paint, the effective energy of "H-radiation is about 9keV, which belongs to the low-toxic group of nuclides. C2147Pm
is a radioactive isotope of 147Pm. It has a half-life of 2.6 years. In addition to emitting beta rays, it also emits a very small amount of gamma rays; the maximum energy of beta rays is 225keV, and the average energy is 70.4keV. In luminous paints, the effective energy of 147Pm's physical radiation is about 40keV, which belongs to the poisoning group of nuclides.
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