Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
110kV and above
AC hlgh voltage swltches for ratedvoltages of 110kV and above
GE/T 14810-93
This standard adopts the International Electrotechnical Commission publication 1EC265-2 High Voltage Load Switch Part 2 High Voltage Negative Switches for Rated Voltages of 52kV and Above" (1988 Edition). 1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the terms, product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and other requirements of AC high voltage negative switches (hereinafter referred to as load switches). This standard applies to indoor and outdoor three-pole AC load switches and their operating mechanisms and auxiliary equipment with rated voltages of 110kV and above, rated frequency of 50Hz, and neutral point effective grounding system. 2 Standards
High voltage test technology Part 1: General test requirements GB 311. 2
Heat generation of AC high voltage electrical appliances during long term operation GB 763
GB 1984
GB1985
GB 2706
GB 3804
AC high voltage circuit breakers
AC high voltage disconnectors and earthing switches
Test method for dynamic thermal stability of AC high voltage electrical appliances 3~63kV AC high voltage load switches
GB4585.2 Test method for artificial pollution of high voltage insulators for AC systems Solid layer method GB5273 Wiring terminals for transformers, high voltage electrical appliances and bushings GB7354
Electrical measurements in the same section
General technical requirements for high voltage switchgear
GB11022
GB 11604
Measurement method of radio interference of high-voltage electrical equipment GB/T13540 Earthquake resistance test of high-voltage switchgear Operation test of high-voltage switchgear under severe freezing conditions GB13601
3 Terminology
The terms adopted in this standard shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB 3804, with the following supplements 3.1 Shunt reactor load switch
Specified as a special-purpose load switch used to switch shunt reactors, including switching reactors on the secondary or tertiary side from the primary side of the transformer.
3.2 Line charging breaking current
Approved on December 28, 1993
Technical supervision
Implementation on October 1, 1994
GB/T 14810-93
The breaking current when disconnecting the empty line circuit under the condition of empty cutoff. 3.3 Bus charging breaking current
Breaking current when the bus circuit is disconnected under no-load conditions. 3.4 Shunt reactor breaking current
Breaking current when disconnecting the shunt reactor circuit, including the breaking current when disconnecting the secondary or tertiary reactor from the secondary side of the transformer. 3.5 Rated shunt reactor breaking current
The rated shunt reactor breaking current is the maximum shunt reactor current that the load switch can break at the highest voltage. Note: The manufacturer should explain the minimum shunt reactor breaking current that the load switch can break. 4 Product classification
The product variety classification is listed in Table 1.
According to the use
1. General load switch;
2. Special load switch
According to the arc extinguishing medium
or the arc extinguishing method
1. Air:
2. Sulfur hexafluoride
3. Special purpose load switch! 3. Vacuum; Close
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Normal use conditions
According to Chapter 3 of GB11022.
5.2 Rated value
5.2.1 Rated voltage
The rated voltage shall be as specified in Table 2.
Rated voltage
Maximum voltage V.
5.2.2 Rated current
Rated current is selected from the following values:
1. Outdoor
400,630,1250,1600,2000,2500A according to the operation frequency
1. General;
2. Frequent
Note: According to the needs, the load switch for special purposes can be selected according to the R10 series. 5.2.3 Rated frequency
The rated frequency is 50Hz.
5.2.4 Rated insulation level
According to Article 5.4 of GB11022.
5.2.5 Rated short-time withstand current (rated thermal stability current) is in accordance with Article 5.5 of GB11022.
5.2.6 Rated short-circuit duration (rated thermal stability time) According to operation
1. Three-pole simultaneous operation;
2. Pole-by-pole operation
According to Article 5.6 of GB11022.
GB/T 14810-93
5.2.7 Rated peak withstand current (rated dynamic stability current) According to Article 5.7 of GB 11022.
5.2.8 The rated power supply voltage of the closing, opening and auxiliary circuits of the mechanism shall be in accordance with Article 5.8 of CB11022.
5.2.9 The rated air pressure of the compressed air source for operation shall be in accordance with Article 5.9 of GB11022.
5.2.10 Rated static tension of load switch terminals For load switches whose terminals are required to withstand significant static tension, the static tension of the terminals shall be in accordance with Article 4.13 of GB1985. For load switches whose terminals do not withstand significant static tension, it is not necessary to specify the static tension of the terminals. 5.2.11 Coordination of rated parameters of general load switches a.
The rated active load breaking current shall be equal to the rated current; the rated no-load transformer breaking current shall be equal to 1% of the rated current: the fixed closed-loop breaking current shall be equal to the rated current: (the rated parallel transformer breaking current shall be equal to 50% of the rated current): the rated cable charging breaking current is shown in Table 3; the rated line charging breaking current is shown in Table 3: the rated short-circuit making current shall be equal to the rated peak withstand current. The standard values of the rated values can be selected from the R10 series. Note: (i) This standard does not require a specific coordination between the rated current and the rated voltage. This standard does not require a specific match between the rated current and the short-time withstand current Table 3 Rated line and cable charging breaking current of general load switches Rated voltage
Rated voltage charging breaking current Ts
Note: If a higher value needs to be selected from the RIO series, the user should negotiate with the manufacturer. 5.2.12 Matching of rated parameters of special and special-purpose load switches Rated line charging breaking current 16
Special load switches should preferably use the same appropriate rated value as general-purpose load switches. If there are other rated values, they should be selected from the 10 series.
For special-purpose load switches, it is not required to have matching rated values. Its rated line and cable charging breaking current shall be in accordance with Articles 5.17 and 5.18 of GB 1984.
Note: Rated values not specified in this standard shall be specified by the technical conditions of each product. 5.3 Design and structure
5.3.1 Requirements for liquid and gaseous media in load switches shall comply with Articles 6.1 and 6.2 of GB 11022. 5.3.2 Connection terminals of load switches
Comply with GB 5273.
5.3.3 Grounding of load switches
Comply with Article 6.3 of GB11022.
5.3.4 Auxiliary equipment
Comply with Article 6.6 of GB11022.
5.3.5 Closing operation
5.3.5.1 Power closing
Comply with Article 6.8.1 of GB 11022. 5.3.5.2 Energy storage closing
Comply with Article 6.8.2 of GB 11022. 5.3.6 Operation of the release
According to Article 6.9 of GB 11022. 5.3.7 Low-pressure and high-pressure locking devices
According to Article 6.10 of GB 11022.
GE/T 14810—93
5.3.8 Position of the moving contact system and its indication or signaling device 5.3.8.1 Position locking
Under the conditions of gravity, wind, vibration, reasonable impact or accidental collision with the opposite pole, the load switch and its operating mechanism shall not be out of the open or closed position.
The structure of the load switch operated by manual energy storage shall be designed to allow locking in only the open and closed positions. The end position of the manual energy storage operating mechanism shall have a solid positioning device. Note: This provision also applies to the manual energy storage operating mechanism of the emergency operation of the automatic or retreated load switch. 5.3.8.2 Position indication
According to Article 5.3.8.2 of GB3804.
5.3.8.3 Auxiliary contacts for signaling
According to Article 5.3. 8.3 of GB 3804. 5.3.9 Synchronicity requirements for each pole
The manufacturer may specify it in the specific product standard. 5.3.10 Drain hole
According to Article 5.3.11 of GB 3804. 5.3.11 Requirements for power operating mechanism
According to Article 5.19 of GB 1985.
5.3.12 Interchangeability
According to Article 5.3.16 of GB 3804. 5.3.13 Sealing and rain protection of load switch
According to Articles 5.3.17 and 5.3.18 of GB 3804. 5.3.14 Operation of load switch under severe freezing conditions shall be in accordance with Article 5.3.19 of GB3804.
6 Test methods
6.1 Temperature rise test
According to GB763.
6.2 Insulation test
According to Article 7.1 of GB11022.
6.3 Main circuit resistance measurement,
According to GB 763.
6.4 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current test shall be in accordance with GB2706.
6.5 Closing and breaking test
6.5.1 Arrangement of the load switch under test
GB/T 14810-93
The load switch under test shall be completely installed on its own bracket or equivalent bracket, and its operating mechanism shall be operated in the prescribed manner. Before starting the closing and breaking test, no-load operation shall be carried out and the mechanical characteristics of the load switch shall be recorded (for example: detailed data of movement speed, closing time and opening time, etc.). The test shall be carried out at the minimum gas density of the gas used for arc extinguishing. Load switches with manual energy storage operation can be operated by remote high control or power energy storage methods. The choice of load switch power connection should be considered during the test. When both sides of the load switch can be connected to the power supply during use, and the actual arrangement of one side of the load switch is different from the other side, the power supply side of the test circuit should be connected to the side that makes the load switch work under the heaviest conditions. If there is any doubt, part of the breaking and closing test should be connected to the power supply of the test circuit to one side of the load switch, and the other part of the breaking and closing test should be connected to the power supply on the other side of the load switch. The following closing and breaking tests should be carried out on three-pole load switches: Three-pole load switches with all three poles placed in a common housing should be tested as an integral unit, unless it can be shown that there is no mutual influence or connection between the poles during closing or breaking. Otherwise, only three-pole closing and breaking tests are allowed. A three-pole load switch composed of three single-pole load switches should be tested as an integral unit. It is best to conduct a three-phase closing and breaking test. However, for convenience or due to laboratory limitations, a single-phase test can also be conducted on one pole of the load switch as long as it is not in a more favorable condition than the entire three-pole load switch in the following aspects during the entire test process. b. Closing speed!
c. Breaking speed,
d. Power and strength of the closing and opening mechanism!
When single-phase testing is allowed, as long as the load switch meets the requirements of GB1984 for unit testing, unit testing can be conducted. Single-phase or three-phase composite testing shall be conducted in accordance with the corresponding provisions of GB1984. Except for gas-insulated metal load switches, load switches that are usually placed in metal shells and have flame or metal particle ejection characteristics during opening and closing are required to be tested according to the following procedures. The test should be carried out using load switches installed in metal shells or metal shields placed near live parts and separated from them by a clearance distance specified by the manufacturer. The shield, frame and other parts that are usually grounded should be grounded through a copper wire with a diameter of 0.1mm and a length of 5cm. After the test, if the copper wire is intact, it is considered that no significant leakage has occurred.
6.5.2 Grounding of test circuits and load switches General load switches should be tested with the neutral points of the power supply and load circuits grounded. When conducting single-phase breaking tests on three-pole load switches, one end of the tested pole should be connected to the power supply and the other end to the load. The common connection line between the load and the power supply can be grounded, such as shown in Figures 1 and 2 (in order to ensure the correct distribution of voltage between the units of multi-unit load switches, other points of the power supply circuit can be grounded). For capacitive test circuit, refer to 6.5.8.3.3 and 6.5.8.3.4. GB/T14810-93
Electric circuit
Test circuit
Zi=R,+ jnLii
R+ jioL,
Z.-R,+joL
Z=Zi+22i
Test switch
Negative circuit
[2[=(0.15±0.03)|Z];
Test voltage and current shall be in accordance with Table 4 and Table 5: Power factor of power supply circuit ≤0.2
Power factor of load circuit 0.65～0.75; TRV parameters are shown in Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7. Figure 1 Test methods 1 and 3 are used as single-phase test circuits for active load current switching tests h) Delta load choke
GB/T 14810-93
Power supply circuit
) General circuit
Test switch
Test method 11=!
Test method 31-0.051
Power supply circuit power factor ≤0.2
Z+-R,+jL+
Poor Daiguo
c) Star load connection
Load circuit power factor = 0.65~0.75; R,jaL
Z=Z1+2:
[2, |=(0. 15±0. 05)|z
TRV parameters are shown in Table 7.
Figure 2 Test methods 1 and 3 as three-phase test circuits for active load current switching test 6.5.3 Test power frequency
The test power frequency should be the rated frequency with a deviation of ±10%. 6.5.4 Test voltage for breaking test
The test voltage for three-phase test, except for the voltage indicated in Table 4 for special test methods, should be equal to the highest voltage of the load switch. If it can be shown that the conditions of 6.5.1 have been met, the single-phase test can be used to replace the three-phase test of the three-pole load switch. If the designed load switch allows single-pole operation without considering the state of the remaining poles, the load switch can also be tested in single phase. GB/T14810-93
Based on the requirements for the synchronicity of the poles, three-pole load switches are divided into two categories. Single-phase tests of load switches with a phase difference of 10ms or less (5ms or less for test mode 4) shall be carried out according to the values specified in Table 5, and load switches with a phase difference greater than 10ms (greater than 5ms for test mode 4) shall be carried out according to the values specified in Table 6. Single-phase tests of pole-by-pole load switches shall be tested according to the values specified in Table 6. Synchronicity shall be determined using the power supply voltage or pressure of the operating mechanism that can produce a large phase difference and the gas pressure of the arc extinguishing chamber. The test voltage shall be measured just after the current circuit is broken, except for capacitive loads, which shall be measured before the contacts are opened. The voltage measurement point shall be as close as possible to the wiring terminals of the load switch (i.e. there is no obvious impedance between the measurement point and the wiring terminals). In three-phase tests, the test voltage shall represent the average value of the phase-to-phase test voltage, and the difference between the test voltage between any two phases and the average value of the test voltage shall not be greater than 10%. After the breaking test, the power frequency recovery voltage shall be maintained for at least 0.1s, but for the breaking test of the capacitive circuit, the voltage (including the DC component) shall be maintained for at least 0.39.
For unit tests, the test voltage shall be the unit voltage with the highest voltage in the load switch. 6.5.5 Breaking current
The breaking current shall be a symmetrical and substantially non-decaying current. The contacts of the load switch shall not separate before the transient current generated by the closing circuit decays.
Breaking current for three-phase test The rated current of the specified test mode shall be expressed as the average value of the interrupted current in each pole. The difference between the average current and the current of each pole shall not exceed 10% of the average value. The breaking currents for three-phase test and single-phase test are shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 respectively. For the capacitive circuit breaking test, the waveform of the test current shall be sinusoidal. If the ratio of the effective value of the full current to the effective value of the fundamental component does not exceed 1.2, it is considered to meet the requirements. The number of crossovers of the test current in each half-wave of the power frequency shall not exceed one. 6.5.6 Test voltage for short-circuit closing test Three-pole load switches shall be tested at the highest voltage first for three phases. If it can be shown that the requirements of 6.5.1 have been met, single-phase tests may also be carried out for three-pole load switches. In addition, it must be shown that the mechanical forces produced on each pole and the operating mechanism during the single-phase test are equal to or more severe than those produced during the three-phase test. The test voltages for the single-phase test are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
At higher voltages, direct testing at the highest voltage and rated current is very difficult due to laboratory limitations. In this case, a synthetic closing circuit test can be used. In some cases, the test can be carried out at a reduced voltage, but it must be shown that the reduced voltage test is no less stringent than the full voltage test, and a method of induced isolation should be provided so that the flame drive height obtained during closing is the same as that during the full voltage test. During closing, there should be no significant distortion or interruption in the closing current.
Table 4 Three-phase test method for three-pole load switch Test method
130% active load current
Transmission circuit current
Closed loop——
Parallel transformer circuit current
5% active load current
Cable charging current
Line charging current
Rated voltage
≥110
Test voltage\,k
Test current A
+10%1
(0. 2 ~~0. 4)1
(0. 2~0. 4)1
Ring number
Operation number
Test method
Bus charging current
Air transformer current
Shunt reactor current
Short-circuit closing current
To, 1) For general load switches, these tests are required, 2) to be carried out on site.
3)TRV value see the corresponding provisions of decline 7~10
GB/T 14810-93
Continued Table 4
Rated voltage
Test voltage", kv
++10%1
Test current. A
'+10%】
(0. 2~0. 4)1a
Table 5 Single-phase test mode for three-pole load switch with different period not more than 10ms Test mode
100% active load current
Closed loop - energizing circuit current
Parallel transformer circuit current
5% active load current
Cable charging current
Line charging current
Bus charging current
No-load transformer current
Parallel reactor current
Torque circuit closing current
Note, 1) These tests are required for general load switches, 2) Conduct current supervision test.
Rated voltage
≥220
Test voltage\,ky
（+10%）
0.200g/ 3
1. 5(0. 15)Um/ / 3
0. 15U-/ /3
1. 5Un/ Vs
1. 5U-/ Vg
3) For TRV values, see the corresponding provisions in Tables 7 to 10.
4) These tests are only applicable to load switches with a duration of no more than Sms. 5) During the closing test, the test voltage can be reduced to U_ / V 3. 6) It is only applicable to load switches with a duration of less than 10m, otherwise it should be in accordance with the provisions of Table 6. 7) Phase selection and separation should be performed every 30 electrical degrees, otherwise 30 random operations should be performed. 8) For load switches whose extinguishing performance is not related to the breaking current value, it is not required to perform. Test current, A
{+10%】
(0. 2--0. 4)1.*)
(0. 20. 4)b)
(0. 2-0. 4)/mb
cycle or
number of operations
2 times closing
cycle
number of operations
2 times closing
GB/T 14810—93
Table 6 Single-phase test methods for three-pole load switches and pole-by-pole operated load switches with different periods greater than 10ms Test methods
100% active load current
Closed loop.
Transmission circuit current
·Shunt transformer circuit current
5% active load current
Cable charging current
Line charging current
Bus charging current
No-load transformer current
Shunt reactor current
Short-circuit closing current
Note: 1) These tests are required for general load switches. 2) Negotiated by the manufacturer and the user.
Rated voltage
Test voltage\ky
（+10%】
1.5U/ / 3
Ua/ /s
0. 200/a/ /3
0. 15U/ V3
1. 5(0. 15)U./ 3
0.150./ 3bzxz.net
Test current, A
+10%】
(0. 2 ~ 0. 4)1,7)
(0. 2 ~ 0. 4)I\
(0. 2 ~ 0. 4)Isb
<0. 2 ~ 0. 4) 1s
cycle or
number of operations
one closing
3) For TRV values, see the corresponding specifications in Tables 7 to 10. 4) Two test series are required for a comprehensive evaluation. However, it is permitted to conduct only one test series at voltage U and rated current, provided that test mode 1 is conducted 10 times and test mode Gb is conducted 12 times. TRV parameters are as specified in 3). 5) TRV peak value shall be 1.15 of the value in the corresponding table. 6) For load switches operated by poles, 1.2m/V3 is used, and for other load switches, 1.4/~//3 is used. 7) For load switches whose extinguishing performance is not related to the breaking current value, it is not required to be performed. 8) For F load switches operated by poles, the voltage is required to be m/V3 9) Phase selection is performed every 30 electrical degrees, otherwise 30 random operations shall be performed. 6. 5.7 Short-circuit making current
The short-circuit making current is expressed as the maximum value of the first cycle. In the case of phase test, it is the maximum value of one phase among the three phases. In at least one of the two tests, the making current is not less than the rated value, and the other is not less than 90% of the rated value. At the 10th cycle of the current, the symmetrical effective value of the current in each pole shall be at least 80% of the rated short-time withstand current, and the duration of the short-circuit current shall be at least 200 mg. GB/T 1481093
Even if the test is carried out at the highest voltage of the load switch, the required rated short-circuit making current may not be achieved due to pre-breakdown. In this case, it should be proved that the made current obtained can represent the current value that can be achieved by the load switch at the highest voltage and in the circuit with the maximum expected peak current equal to the rated short-circuit making current. 6.5.8 Test circuit for breaking test
6.5.8.1 Active load circuit (Test method 1 and test method 3) The test circuit (Figure 1 and Figure 2) consists of a power circuit and a load circuit. The power circuit impedance consists of reactance and resistance connected in series, and its power factor does not exceed 0.2. For test method 1, the impedance of the power circuit should be (15±3)% of the total impedance of the test circuit. For test method 3, the same power circuit impedance can be used. The power side circuit impedance can be connected to the power side of the load switch; as long as the expected transient recovery voltage reaches or exceeds the requirements in Table 7, it can also be connected on both sides of the load switch.
The power factor of the load circuit should be 0.65~0.75, and should be composed of a reactor and a resistor in parallel. Note For the convenience of testing, with the consent of the manufacturer, the load impedance can be connected in series. Table 7 Power supply circuit TRV parameters for active load current interruption test Rated voltage!
TRV is in the form of a (1-cos) curve, and the value corresponds to the first-pole interruption. Figure 3 shows the transient curves of the load switch power supply and load side. The TRV on the load is a voltage that decays exponentially, and its peak value depends on the power factor of the load. Therefore, the TRV on the load side depends entirely on the load circuit and does not need to be specified.
The impedance in series with the power supply is a combination of the local transformer impedance (assumed to be 10%) and the remote power supply impedance (assumed to be 5%). The TRV frequency of the transformer is much larger than the TRV frequency of the power supply. Therefore, the power supply circuit component of TRV is only derived from the transformer part. The first-pole opening coefficient l is 1.0 for the transformer neutral point grounding. According to the provisions of GB1984 for short-circuit test method 1, the amplitude coefficient is 1.7.=U
XX 1. 7 × 0. 10
Current cutting
a) Load switch recovery voltage
GB/T 14810-—93
Transient process on power supply side
Current cutting
Load side transient excess
b) Transient process
National 3 load switch power supply side and load side transient curves Power supply can be circuit
Test method 28-
Test target voltage
Test switch
Negative or loop
Transmission line closed loop circuit!
Power supply
Test voltage, current and TRV parameters shall be as specified in Table 5, Table 6 and Table 8: power factor ≤ 0.3;
Test mode 2b - parallel transformer circuit: test voltage, current and TRV parameters shall be as specified in Table 5, Table 6 and Table 9, power factor ≤ 0.2.
Figure 4 Test modes 2b and 2a as single-phase test circuits for closed-loop transmission lines and parallel transformer current opening and closing tests
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