GB 5086.1-1997 Toxicity of leaching of solid wastes - Leaching method - Inversion method
Some standard content:
GB5086.1-1997
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes in order to cooperate with the implementation of the "Identification Standards for Hazardous Substances and Identification of Leakage Toxicity", strengthen the prevention and control of pollution by hazardous wastes, and protect the environment and human health. This standard shall be implemented on July 1, 1998. This standard was first issued on December 22, 1997: This standard is the preferred method for the leaching toxicity of solid wastes. This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration. The drafting units of this standard are: Tsinghua University Nuclear Energy Technology Design Institute, Beijing Environmental Protection Monitoring Center, China Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin Environmental Protection Science Research Institute, and the Ministry of Energy's Electric Power Environmental Protection Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are: Wu Tianbao, Sun Xiuzhi, Wang Sufang, Su Huaqing, Rong Hongmin, and Wang Mingjie. The State Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for the interpretation of this standard. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Solid waste
Leaching toxicityLeaching method
Turning method
Test method standard forleaching toxicity of solid wastesRoll over leaching procedureGB5086.1—1997
This standard specifies the leaching toxicity of solid wastesRoll over leaching procedure and its quality assurance measures. This standard is applicable to the identification of leaching toxicity of inorganic pollutants (except unstable pollutants such as cyanide and sulfide) in solid wastes, and is also applicable to the environmental impact assessment of hazardous waste storage and disposal facilities. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should implement the latest version. GB5085.3-1996 Hazardous substances identification standard Toxicity identification GB/T15555.1~15555.12-1995 Solid waste leaching toxicity determination method 3 Definitions
3.1 Solid waste
Solid waste refers to solid and semi-solid waste materials that pollute the environment generated in production and construction, daily life and other activities. 3.2 Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste referred to in this standard refers to wastes listed in the national hazardous waste list or identified as having hazardous characteristics according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods. 3.3 Immersible toxicity
Immersible toxicity as referred to in this standard refers to the immersion test of solid materials according to the specified leaching procedure. If the concentration of one or more pollutants in the leaching liquid exceeds the reading value specified in GB5085.3-1996 "Identification of Hazardous Waste Identification Standard Immersible Toxicity Identification", the waste is determined to have immersible toxicity.
4 Immersible procedure
4.1 Sample preparation
4.1.1 Sampling and sample preparation shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix A on domestic waste, and the samples shall be prepared into samples with a particle size of less than 5mm. 4.1.2 Moisture determination
According to the moisture content of the waste, weigh 20-100g of sample and place it in a pre-dried constant weight container with a lid (note that the material of the container must be the same as that of the waste). reaction), dried at 105℃, constant weight to ±0.01g, calculate the water content of the waste. Samples after moisture determination shall not be used for leaching toxicity test.
4.2 Leaching method
4.2.1 Instruments and materials
Approved by the State Environmental Protection Agency on December 22, 1997 and implemented on July 1, 1998
GB5086-1-1997
4.2.1.1 Leaching vessel: 1L high-type polyethylene bottle with a sealed stopper (when conducting leaching toxicity tests on large quantities of samples, a large colorimetric bottle with a sealed stopper can be used as a leaching container),
4.2.1.2: Leaching device: a tumble mixer with a rotation speed of 30±21/min, 4.2.1. 3 Extraction agent: deionized water or distilled water of equal purity, 4.2.1.4 Filter membrane: 0.45um microporous filter membrane or medium-speed blue ribbon quantitative filter paper, 4.2.1.5 Filter device: pressure filter device or vacuum filter device, centrifugal separation device can also be used for difficult-to-filter substances. 4.2.2 Extraction conditions
4.2.2.1 The dry weight of the sample is 70.0g
4-2.2-2 The solid-liquid ratio is 1+10.
4.2.2.3 The turnover rate is 30±2r/min. 4.2.2.4 The stirring extraction time is 18h.
The standing time is 30min.
The test temperature is room temperature.
4.2.3 Operation steps
4.2. 3.1 Weigh 70.0g of dry sample, place it in a 1L extraction container, add 700ml of extractant, cover the bottle cap and fix it on the flip-type stirrer, adjust the speed to 30+2r/min, flip and stir at room temperature for 18h, then remove the extraction container, let it stand for 30min, and filter it on a filter device with a pre-installed filter membrane (or filter paper). Collect all the effluent, which is the effluent, and spread it evenly for analysis. If analysis cannot be performed immediately, the effluent shall be stored according to the storage methods specified for each pollutant to be analyzed in GB/T15555.1~15555.12-1995 "Determination of effluent toxicity of solid waste". 4.2.3.2 If the water content of the sample is greater than or equal to 91%, filter the sample directly. Collect all the filtrate for analysis. 4.2.3.3 If the water content of the sample is high but less than 91%, then in the extraction test, the amount of leaching agent that is different from the required leaching dose calculated according to the specified solid-liquid ratio should be added according to the water content in the sample, and then the procedure in 4.2.3.1 should be followed. 4.2.3.4 When this standard is used for environmental impact assessment of hazardous material storage and disposal facilities, the leaching agent with the corresponding pH should be selected according to the nature and amount of local precipitation, surface runoff and groundwater, and the extraction test should be carried out according to 4.2.3. 5 Quality Assurance
5.1 At least one leaching blank should be made for each batch of samples (up to 20 samples)5-2 At least one spiked recovery sample should be made for each batch of samples. 5.3 Each batch of filter membranes should be subjected to absorption or dissolution test of the analyte5.4 When filtering, the liquid phase in each extraction container must pass through the filtration device, and all the filtrate must be collected and sifted for analysis.
5.5 The samples must complete the leaching toxicity test and analytical determination within the storage period. 5.6 For each batch of samples for leaching test, the rate of parallel double samples shall not be less than 20% according to the leaching procedure. The results of blank, spiked samples and parallel double samples shall not be greater than the allowable difference specified by the party. 5.7
5.8 Fill in the leaching sample record and save all quality control data for reference or review. Appendix A (Appendix to the standard)
1 Sampling
Sampling and sample preparation of domestic waste
A1.1 Scheme design (sampling plan formulation) Before sampling, the sampling scheme (sampling plan) should be designed first. The scheme content includes sampling purpose, background investigation and on-site inspection, sampling procedures, quality control, sampling records and reports, etc. A1.1.1 Purpose of sampling
The basic purpose of sampling is to collect representative samples from a batch of domestic waste and obtain data within the allowable error through experimental analysis. When designing the sampling scheme, the following specific objectives and requirements should be clarified first; investigate and study the physical composition, physical properties, and chemical properties; study the technologies and methods of comprehensive utilization and comprehensive management; formulate a plan for comprehensive utilization and comprehensive management; environmental pollution monitoring;
Environmental impact assessment.
A1.1.2 Background investigation and on-site inspection
After clarifying the sampling purpose, it is necessary to understand the following background information and conduct on-site inspections: the number of people who generate domestic waste , the number of households (coal-burning households, semi-coal-burning households, non-coal-burning households) and the number of outlets and their distribution: the functional characteristics of the areas where domestic waste is generated (residential areas, industrial areas, commercial areas, etc.) the methods of domestic waste collection, transportation, utilization, disposal (storage, landfill, composting, incineration, etc.): historical data on sampling, sample preparation, testing, analysis, monitoring, etc.; requirements and allowable errors for testing, analysis, and monitoring. Conduct on-site surveys of storage, disposal, etc. sites. Understand the surrounding environment and on-site conditions. A1.1.3 Sampling Procedure
Sampling is carried out in the following steps:
Determine the batch of domestic waste;
Select sampling personnel;
Develop safety and quality control measures;
Determine: sampling method;
Determine the number of portions (number of sub-portions);
Determine the portion size (sub-portion size);
Determine the sampling point (sampling position);
Select sampling tools:
Sampling:
Form small or large samples.
A1.1.4 Sampling records or reports
Sampling records are the original data that record the entire sampling process and should be given special attention. The purpose and purpose of sampling, the generation and disposal of domestic waste, and the entire sampling process (tools, number of samples, sample trays, sampling points, sampling methods, samplers, sampling period, weather conditions, description of garbage appearance, etc.) should be recorded. If necessary, a sampling report can be compiled based on the records. A1.2 Sampling
A1.2.1 Sampling tools
a) Sampling vehicle:
b) Sampling rack:
c) Sampling basket;
d) Sampling clip;
f) Sampling rod
g) Scale, table scale;
h) Sampling machine:
1) Floor covering:
) Hand scale. Please consult
41.2.2 Collection of a sample
A1.2.2.1 Sampling of domestic waste
A1.2.2.1.1 Sampling method
a) Simple random sampling method
Drawing method: Number all the collection points, stations, boxes, etc. in the batch, and write the numbers on the paper; after mixing and checking, randomly draw the paper with the specified number of samples, and the number drawn is the number of the collection point, station, box to be sampled. Random number table method: Number all the collection points, stations, boxes, etc. in the batch, and number them according to the number of collection points, stations, boxes. If the maximum number is a few digits, use several columns (or several rows) of the random number table, and use the columns (or several rows) together. Then start counting from any column or row of the random number table, and count in any direction. Write down the number that is less than or equal to the maximum number until the specified number of samples is collected. The number in the sampling is the number of the collection point, station, box, etc. that should be sampled. The sampling of domestic waste is non-repeated. When using the random number table, if you encounter a number that has been drawn, do not discard it and continue to look for it. b) Equidistant sampling method (systematic sampling method)
Arrange all the collection points, stations, boxes, etc. of the batch in a certain (direction or area) order, and sample one collection point, station, box, etc. every other sampling interval, and take a total of specified number of samples. The interval between samples is calculated according to the formula (): (1)
In the formula: T
Sampling interval, pieces, decimals are rounded to integers;
The total number of collection points, stations, boxes, etc. in a batch, pieces; the specified number of samples.
e) Stratified sampling method
The determined number of sample households is weighted and allocated according to the proportion of coal-burning households, semi-coal-burning households and non-coal-burning households. The number of sample households is calculated according to formula (2):
First: The minimum number of households to be sampled for the household type, households; decimals are rounded to integers In the formula: n
First: The minimum number of households to be sampled, households;
First: The total number of households of the household type, households.
The number of collection points, stations, boxes, etc. to be sampled for the household type is calculated according to formula (3): In the formula: m
The number of collection points, stations, boxes to be sampled for the household type, pieces, decimals are rounded to integers; The minimum number of households to be sampled for the first household type
The average number of households served by the collection points, stations, boxes for the first household type, households. 1.22.1.2 Number of samples
The minimum number of residents to be sampled is calculated according to formula (4): (2)
The minimum number of households to be sampled is calculated according to formula (5): R≥0.5R%e
n≥1/3R
The minimum number of collection points, stations and boxes for domestic waste to be sampled is calculated according to formula (6): Where: R-
The minimum number of residents to be sampled, people;
The number of residents in the city to be sampled Population, people;
—Minimum number of households to be sampled, households, round up decimals to integers: m
Average number of households served by collection points, stations, and boxes, households;—Number of collection points, stations, and boxes to be sampled, pieces, round up decimals to integers (4)
A1.2.2.1.3 Sample quantity
Determine the domestic waste collected by each collection point, station, and box within 24 hours as a sampling point (to prevent the collectors from picking up any components).
A1.2.2-1.4 Sampling points
All domestic waste collection points, stations, and boxes can be used as sampling points, and sampling points can be randomly determined according to 1.2.2.1.1. A1.2.2.1.5 Determination of physical components
At each sampling point, the domestic waste collected within 24 hours shall be classified according to the requirements, weighed, recorded and calculated respectively. On this basis, secondary samples can be collected. A1.2.2.1.6 Sampling frequency
Sampling shall be conducted at least 12 times a year, which can be done at least once a month, or at least 3 consecutive days every quarter. When sampling, strong winds, rain and snow should be avoided.
A1.2.2.2 Sampling of non-residential domestic waste
A1-2.2.2.1 Sampling method
a) Simple random sampling method
Axis signature method: All outlets and units in the batch shall be numbered, and the numbers shall be written on paper. After being connected and evenly checked, the specified number of paper pieces shall be randomly selected from them. The number selected is the number of the outlets and units to be sampled. Kouji digital table method: number all the outlets, units, etc. in the batch, and assign as many numbers as there are outlets and units. The maximum number is determined by the number of columns (or rows) of the random number table, and the columns (or rows) are used together. Then start counting from any column or row of numbers in the random number table, and count in any direction. Write down the number that is less than or equal to the maximum number until the required number of samples is collected. The number collected is the number of the outlet or unit to be sampled. Domestic waste sampling is not repeated. When using the random number table, if you encounter a number that has been drawn, do not use it and continue to look for it. b) Equidistant sampling method (systematic sampling method)
Arrange all the outlets, units, etc. of the batch in a certain (direction or area) order. One outlet or unit is sampled every other sampling interval, and a total of the specified number of samples are collected. The interval between the samples is calculated according to formula (7): T
Where: T--sampling interval, pieces: decimal rounded to integer; mo--total number of outlets and units in the batch, pieces; - specified number of samples.
e) Stratified sampling method
The determined number of samples is weighted and distributed according to the type or size of the outlets and units in proportion to determine the number of samples of various types of outlets and units, and calculated according to formula (8):
-the minimum number of outlets and units of the first type to be sampled, pieces: decimal rounded to integer, Where: n,
the minimum number of outlets and units to be sampled, pieces! - the total number of outlets and units of the first type, pieces, N.
-the number of types classified by type, size, etc. A1.2.2.2.2 Number of samples
For the commercial and beverage service industry, the minimum number of samples shall not be less than 0.5% of the total number of service outlets. For hospitals, the minimum number of samples shall not be less than 5 of the total number of hospitals. (8)
For scientific research, cultural and educational, and health (outside hospitals) institutions, the minimum number of sample portions shall not be less than 1% of the total number of units in each department. A1.2.2.2.3 Sample quantity
Determine the domestic waste collected by each unit within 24 hours as a sampling point (to prevent the collectors from picking up any components). A1.2-2.2.4 Sampling points
All outlets and units in the batch can be used as sampling points, and the sampling points can be randomly determined according to 1.2.2.2.1. A1.2.2.2.5 Physical component determination
At each sampling point, the domestic waste collected within 24 hours shall be classified according to the requirements, weighed, recorded, calculated, and on this basis, secondary samples can be collected. A1.2.2.2.6 Sampling frequency
Sampling should be conducted at least 12 times a year, at least once a month, or continuously for at least 3 days each quarter. Avoid strong winds, rain, and snow weather
A1.2.2.3 Sampling of garbage trucks
A7.2.2.3.1 Number of sampleswww.bzxz.net
For multiple garbage trucks, sampling should be conducted in two stages. First, randomly select a truck from all N garbage trucks, and then take n samples from each truck in the truck.
It is recommended that when N. ≤6, n=Na, when N6, calculate according to formula (0): n23.V
(decimal rounded to integer)
It is recommended that the number of samples in the second stage be 3, that is, at least upper, middle, and lower samples are randomly taken from each truck. A1.2.2.3.2 Sample quantity
The minimum quantity of each sample is 10kg.
A1.2.2.33 Sampling points
In principle, the sampling should be carried out at random from the newly exposed cross-section during the loading and unloading process of the garbage truck. (9)
When sampling on the garbage truck, the three sampling points (sampling positions) of the upper, middle and lower parts can be determined by the three-dimensional diagonal point distribution method, see Figure 1, Figure 1, Sampling points determined by three-dimensional diagonal lines
A1.2.2.3.4 Sampling method
There are 4 diagonal lines in Figure 1. You can randomly determine a diagonal line by drawing lots in the simple random sampling method, and then take samples from the upper, middle and lower points.
A1.2.2.3.5 Determination of physical components
Classify each sample according to the requirements, combine, weigh, record and calculate the components. On this basis, you can collect secondary samples.
A1.2.2.4 Sampling of domestic waste in storage sites and landfills A1-2.2:4.1 Sampling method
Drawing method: number all points that can be used as sampling points, write the numbers on paper, mix and evenly check, and randomly draw a specified number of paper from them. The number drawn is the number to be sampled. Random number table method: number all points that can be used as sampling points by row, and number as many sampling points as there are. The maximum number is several digits, and several columns (or rows) of the random number table are used, and the columns (or rows) are used together. Then start counting from any column and any row of the random number table, and count in any direction. Once you encounter a number that is less than or equal to the maximum number, write it down, until you reach the specified number of samples. The number drawn is the number of the point to be sampled. Domestic waste sampling is not repeated. When using random numbers, if you encounter a number that has been drawn, don't use it and continue to look for it. A1.2.2.4.2 Number of samples
Based on the batch size of the waste, determine the minimum number of samples according to Table 2. Table 2
Batch and minimum number of samples
Batch size (t)
5~·5C
50~500
500-5.c00
5.00--50,c00
50.c00~-50G,00c
500,000~1,000,000
>1,000.00c
A1.2.2.4.3 Sample size
The minimum sample size for each sample is 20kg.
41.2.2.4.4 Sampling points
Minimum number of replicates
Diagonal, plum blossom, chessboard, camel and other point distributions can be used as sampling points (sampling positions). A1.2.2.4.5 Physical component determination
Classify each pseudo sample according to the requirements, combine each component separately, weigh, record and calculate. In this case, secondary samples can be collected.
A1.2:3 Collection of secondary samples
A1.2.3.1 Collection of samples for bulk determination
A1.2:3.1.1 Regarding the number of replicates
At each primary sample collection point, the bulk density should be measured on site as required. The container for bulk density measurement is a plastic drum with an effective height of 100cm and a volume of 100L. The amount of each subsample is the amount that fills the container (it can be slightly moved but not compacted). 41.2.3.1.2 The sampling points for subsamples are the same as those for the primary sample.
A1.2.3.1.3 Double subsample method
At each sampling point for the primary sample, each component must be fully mixed and then filled with the container for measuring bulk density. A1.2.3.2. Sample rack for moisture content determination A1.2.3.2.1 Number of subsamples
At each sampling point for the primary sample, one subsample is collected for each component. A1.2.3.2.2 Sub-portion sampling quantity
At each sampling point of the primary sample, calculate the sub-portion sampling quantity of the slag soil component according to formula (10): Q2-0.06d
Where: Q+—minimum sampling quantity, kg;
maximum particle size diameter, mm;
0.06 classification coefficient
The remaining molecular portion sampling quantities are calculated according to the proportion of the physical component in the slag soil sub-portion sampling quantity. A1.2.3.2.3. Sub-portion sampling point
Same as the sampling point of the primary sample
A1.2.3.2.4 Sub-portion sampling method
At each sampling point of the primary sample, each component is fully mixed and reduced until the sub-portion sampling quantity is reached. A1.2.3.3 Collection of samples for determination of chemical properties A1.2.3.3.1 Number of sub-samples
Same as 1.2.3.2.1,
A1.2.3.3.2 Quantity of sub-samples
Same as 1.2.3.2.2.
A1.2.3.3.3 Points for collecting sub-samples
Same as 1.2.3.2.3.
41-2.3.3.4 Method for collecting sub-samples
Same as 1.2.3.2.4.
A1.2.4 Quality control
A1-2.4.1 In order to ensure that representative samples of domestic waste are obtained within the allowable error range, quality control should be implemented throughout the sampling process.
A1.2.4.2 Before sampling, a detailed sampling plan (sampling plan) should be designed; during the sampling process, the sampling plan should be carefully followed. A1.2.4.3 Sampling personnel should be trained to be familiar with the characteristics of domestic waste, master sampling techniques, and understand safe operation knowledge and treatment methods.
Sampling tools should be clean, dry, and not contaminate samples. A1.2.4.4
A1.2.4.5 During the sampling process, sample loss and contamination should be prevented. A1.2.4.6 During the transportation of samples, cross contamination and loss should be prevented. A1.2.4.7 Sample records and sample reports should be written and preserved. A1.2.4.8 The entire sampling process should be the responsibility of a dedicated person. A2 Sample preparation
A2.1 Sample preparation plan
Before preparing samples of domestic waste: a sample preparation plan (sample preparation plan) should be designed first. The content of the plan includes the purpose and requirements of sample preparation, sample preparation procedures, quality control, sample preparation records and reports, etc. A2.1.1 Purpose of sample preparation
The purpose of sample preparation is to obtain the best amount of representative samples from the small or large samples taken, which can meet the test and analysis requirements. For domestic waste, sample preparation is only carried out when the chemical properties are determined. A2.1.2 Sample preparation procedure
The sample is prepared according to the following steps:
The sample preparation personnel are:
Determine the maximum particle size diameter of the small or large sample of the latent soil component: clarify the purpose and requirements of sample preparation:
Develop quality control measures
Select sample tools;
Preparation:
Submit for inspection and preservation.
A2.2 Sample preparation
A2-2.1 Sample preparation tools
a) Powder wall machine:
b) Medicine:
c) Agate mortar:
d) Sample sieve: 22.4mm, 10mm, 1mm:e) Cross sample divider:
) Sample container:
g) Drying box:
h) Muffle furnace:
) Balance.
A2.2.2 Preparation of samples of each component
Sample preparation includes the following three different operations (pre-drying is required if necessary). Crushing, by powdering or grinding to reduce the particle size of the sample. Mixing, so that the sample is uniform.
Shrinking, dividing the sample into two or more parts to reduce the sample mass. The above three operations are performed once to form a stage of sample preparation. A2.2.2.1 Sample mixing
First, the sub-samples of the secondary sample taken from the primary sample (sampling point of the same type) are mixed (10 times), and then divided into small or large samples, crushed, reduced, and mixed again (10 times); until the required quantity and particle size relationship and the sample required for analysis are reached. Laboratories with conditions can use machine mixing, and manual mixing can generally be used. A2.2.2.2 Sample crushing
For samples of slag components, first crush the large sample with a hammer; then crush all the slag samples with a medicine mill; finally, grind them into the sample required for analysis with a crusher or agate mortar. For paper, rubber, plastic, fiber, grass, bamboo and other dimensional samples, use scissors to repeatedly cut, combine, and reduce until they reach small pieces less than 1cm×1cm
For kitchen components, they can be crushed like slag, or crushed like paper samples. Laboratories with the necessary conditions can use mechanical equipment to crush various samples. A2.2.2.3 Sample reduction
Circular chain quartering method: Place the sample in a clean and flat floor leather 1: Pile it into a circular chain shape, and shovel each drop toward the tip of the circular chain to make it evenly fall along the cone tip. Be careful not to misalign the center of the circular pile. Repeat this process at least twice to make it fully mixed. Then draw a special cone and flatten it into a round piece along the tip. Press it down with a cross-shaped sample plate and divide it into four equal parts. Take any two diagonal equal parts, repeat the operation several times, and reduce it to not less than the minimum retention under the particle size. During the reduction process, the retained amount of the soil component should meet the requirements of formula (10). The retention amount of other components should be calculated accordingly according to their proportion in the physical composition and the proportion and retention of the slag in the physical component. A2.2.2.4 Quantity control
A2.2.2.4.1 To ensure that representative samples of domestic waste are obtained within the allowable error range, quality control should be implemented throughout the sampling process.
A2.2.2.4.2 Before preparing samples, a detailed sample preparation plan (sample preparation plan) should be designed. During the sample preparation process, operations should be carried out in accordance with the sample preparation plan:
Sample preparation personnel should be trained to be familiar with the properties of domestic waste, master sample preparation techniques, and acquire safe operation knowledge and treatment methods.
Sample preparation tools should be clean, dry, and not contaminate samples. A2.2.2.4.4
A2.2.2.4.5
During the sample preparation process, pay attention to prevent sample loss, change and contamination. A2.2.2.4-6
During the sample storage process, prevent cross contamination and loss: fill in and keep the sample preparation record and sample preparation report. A2.2.2.4.7
A2.2.2.4B
The whole process of sample preparation should be under the responsibility of a dedicated person.
A2.2.2.4.9 When the sample is withdrawn, it shall not be discarded at will, but shall be returned to the garbage bin or disposal site. A3 Notes
A3.1 Domestic waste (urban domestic waste): refers to solid waste generated in the daily life of the city or in the activities that provide services for the daily life of the city, as well as solid waste that is regarded as urban domestic waste according to laws and administrative regulations. A3.2 Batch: a certain quality of domestic waste under certain time and space conditions. A3.3 Batch: the mass of a batch of domestic waste. A3.4 Portion: a sample taken from a point or a part of a batch according to the specified mass. A3.5 Portion size: the mass of domestic waste that constitutes a portion. A3.6 Number of portions: the number of portions taken from a batch. A3.7 Sub-portion: a portion is divided into several samples of equal mass according to needs. A3.8 Sub-portion size: the mass of domestic waste that constitutes a sub-portion. A3.9 Number of sub-portion: the number of sub-portion taken from the portion. A3.10 Small sample: a sample composed of two or more sub-portions or portions or several portions in a batch after crushing and reduction. A3.11
Large sample: a sample composed of all the portions or portions of a batch after crushing and reduction one by one. Secondary sample: a sample taken to infer the physical composition of a batch. Secondary sample: a sample taken to infer the physical and chemical properties of a batch. Sample preparation: the process of processing samples for analysis or testing, including drying, crushing, screening, mixing and reduction of samples. Maximum particle size: The size of the pores when the sieve residue is about 5%. A3.15
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