Guide of enterprise information classifying and coding - Part 1: Principle and method
Some standard content:
ICS35.040
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 20529.12006
Guide of enterprise information classifying and coding-Part 1. Principles and method2006-10-09Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2007-03-01Implementation
GB/T 20529.1—2006
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Enterprise information and its classification and coding
Scope of enterprise information
Enterprise information classification and coding
5Basic methods and principles of enterprise information classification and codingSteps in enterprise information classification
Methods of constructing classification structure
Methods of coding book structure
Principles followed in the process of information classification and codingRelated technologies for information classification and coding application
Principles and methods of information entity extraction
|Entity characteristic table design principles and methods:
Application of data dictionary technology
Design of information interface based on information classification coding-Application of enterprise information coding in barcode design
Appendix (Informative Appendix) Classification coding examples and analysis Appendix B (Informative Appendix) Introduction to common code types References ·
GB/T20529 Enterprise Information Classification Coding Guidelines> includes the following parts: Part 1: Principles and methods;
Part 2: Classification coding standard system:
Part 3: Management and implementation of classification coding. This part is Part 1 of GB/T20529
GB/T20529.1—2006
This part explains the concept of enterprise classification coding, puts forward the principles and methods of enterprise information classification coding, and introduces the basic technologies involved in the process of enterprise information classification coding. Appendix A and Appendix B of this part are informative appendices. This part is proposed and managed by China National Institute of Standardization. The sponsors of this part are: China National Institute of Standardization, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing First Machine Tool Factory. The sponsors of this part are: Liu Zhi, Jiang Ping, Bao Zhongping, Liu Guoxing, Geng Liwu. 1
GB/T 20529.12006
Enterprise informatization construction is an important part of modern enterprise construction, and it is of great significance to the survival and development of enterprises. Although the informatization construction content of each enterprise is different due to the different development stages and business contents of the enterprises, the classification and reduction of enterprise information is the basic work for enterprises to realize information description, information processing, information exchange and information sharing in the informatization construction. Its research, development level and promotion and application degree are closely related to the development of national informatization construction, and it is an important part of the country's realization of informatization management of the national economy. Enterprise information classification and coding is a complex and huge project. It has its own inherent regularity and scientificity, and varies according to the specific conditions of the enterprise. It includes both the classification and coding process of enterprise information and the use process of information classification and coding itself: it must meet the needs of the enterprise's own business management and technical management, and also meet the needs of information exchange between enterprises and even between industries and even economic activities in the increasingly complex competitive environment of global economic integration. Therefore, doing a good job in enterprise information classification and coding is crucial to enterprise informatization work and is the basis for enterprises to achieve information resource interconnection and resource sharing. In the process of enterprise informatization construction for many years, although some standards for guiding enterprise information classification and coding have been formulated from different angles or levels, and have played a positive role in practical applications, with the deepening of enterprise informatization construction, enterprises have more and more requirements for information management, and the scope of information management has become wider and wider. The existing relevant standards can no longer meet the needs of enterprise informatization construction. Enterprises urgently need to get systematic and standardized guidance from the principles and methods of information classification and coding, the information classification and coding system, and the implementation technology of information classification and coding. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to systematically formulate standards for enterprise information classification and coding and strengthen the standardization of enterprise information classification and coding from the perspective of the overall needs of enterprise operation. To this end, in view of the overall needs of information management and processing in the process of enterprise operation, with the information objects involved in the process of enterprise operation as the subject to be managed, a series of national standards for enterprise information classification and coding are proposed. Through the formulation and implementation of this standard, the concept and understanding of enterprise information classification and coding, the principles and methods to be followed, and the understanding and mastery of the relevant basic technologies involved will be unified within the enterprise; the enterprise will be guided to construct the information classification and coding system structure, formulate the enterprise information entity classification and coding system and its standards; and the work process of enterprise information classification and coding will be standardized and managed and implemented. The formulation of this standard will, on the one hand, enable enterprises to have rules to follow when carrying out information classification and coding work, avoid contradictions and unnecessary duplications, and ensure the accuracy, effectiveness and consistency of information; on the other hand, it will also lay the foundation for the formation of relevant standards for cross-industry information exchange in my country, such as product information coding in e-commerce, etc. This part is the policy part of this standard. This part does not involve specific industry information classification and coding structures, but gives the principles and methods for the classification structure design and coding of enterprise information entities. 1 Scope
Guidelines for enterprise information classification and coding
Part 1: Principles and methods
GB/T 20529,1--2006
This part provides the basic principles, methods and related technologies for enterprises to carry out information classification and coding standardization work. This part is applicable to the construction of enterprise informatization, standardizes the information collection, storage, query, exchange and management and use of enterprise information resources of various information management systems, and guides the establishment of an information classification and coding system commonly followed by enterprises and industries. Other units or departments that undertake to carry out information classification and coding related business can also refer to it. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this part through reference to this part of GB/T20529. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, the parties to the agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated referenced documents, the latest versions are applicable to this part.
GB/T7027 Basic principles and methods of information classification and abbreviation GB/T 10091.1 Definition and principle of table of characteristics of things (GB/T 10091.1-1995, evDIN 4000/Teil 1) GB/T10113 General terms of classification and coding
GB12403-1990 Code for job title GB 12904 Commodity code (GB 12904-2003, ISO/IEC 15420:2000, NEQ) EAN·UCC system 128 bar code
GB/I15425
GB/T 16830
3 Terms and definitions
Storage and transportation unit bar code
The terms and definitions established in GB/T10113 and the following apply to this part. 3.1
Enterprise
One or more organizations that share a defined mission, goals and objectives to provide outputs such as products or services. Note: This term includes related concepts such as generalized enterprise, virtual enterprise, etc. [GB/T18757-2002. Definition 3.6] 3.2
Enterprise information Information about various things or concepts involved in the business activities of an enterprise. 3.3
Object
Any part of the world that can be imagined or felt. [GB/T 18391.1-2002, Definition 3, 44] 3.4
Entity
A group of things or concepts that have the same characteristics. Note: Information entity is the same as entity.
GB/T 20529.1-—2006
Attribute
A characteristic of an object or entity. [GB/T18391.1-2002, definition 3.3] 3.6
Instance
The concretization of an entity is a single thing or concept in a set of things or concepts with the same extendibility. 3.7
Characteristics-Table
A two-dimensional relational table describing the characteristics of an entity.
Each column in the characteristic table is a characteristic that describes an entity, and each row in the characteristic table describes an entity. 4 Enterprise Information and Its Classification and Coding
4.1 Scope of Enterprise Information
The essence of enterprise operation can be summarized as enterprises obtaining primary resources (people, finance, materials, knowledge, services, etc.) from the primary market in a certain operating environment, and carrying out business activities of the enterprise with the support of these primary resources. This activity makes these basic resources gain added value, and then sends the added value resources to the value-added market for conversion: thereby obtaining added value profits. According to this understanding, the scope of enterprise information can be summarized into two aspects: enterprise resource information and enterprise management information. 4.1.1 Enterprise Resource Information
Enterprise resource information generally refers to the characteristics, status, processing, demand and supply of enterprise resource objects, including: human and organizational resources (such as: employees, institutions, etc.) Information; financial resources (such as cash, cost, bills, etc.) information: material resources (such as raw materials, semi-finished products, parts, components, finished products, spare parts, equipment, etc.) information: technical knowledge resources (such as design and development technology, manufacturing technology, quality, standardization, etc.) information, network resources (such as consulting services and maintenance services, etc.) information, etc. Information entities that represent enterprise resource information are called resource entities. 4.1.2 Enterprise business management information
Enterprise business management information refers to information about the characteristics, status, process, etc. of the objects of enterprise business management. For example, relative to the hierarchical nature of management, enterprise business management information includes business operation information, management control information and management decision-making information; relative to the business links of supervision, enterprise management information can be It is divided into design management information, procurement management information, production management information, sales management information, etc.
The information entity that represents business management information is called business entity 4.2 Enterprise information classification and coding
4.2.1 Object of enterprise information classification and coding
The object of enterprise information classification and coding is various information entities involved in the business activities of the enterprise. 4.4.2 The main content of enterprise information classification and coding The main content of enterprise information classification and coding is to construct the enterprise information classification structure and code the classification structure. Information classification structure construction refers to the purposeful and orderly organization of large amounts of scattered and disorganized enterprise information according to the needs of information management and application, and gradually integrate information entities, and from different angles and The process of classifying information entities at an abstract level, defining, naming, determining content, scope, representation method, etc., thereby obtaining entity classes: Classification structure coding refers to the process of assigning codes to entity classes, entities, and entity attributes in the classification structure according to certain rules. Through information classification coding, each type of information has an appropriate position and corresponding code in a certain classification system structure, so as to establish a common recognition and unified language and unified identification in management within a certain range. 4.2.3 The purpose of enterprise information classification coding
The purpose of enterprise information classification coding is to realize the classification and management of information, eliminate the irregularity of natural language description and the ambiguity of understanding, facilitate computer information processing, and improve the efficiency of information management. 2
GB/T 20529.1—2006
By implementing information classification and coding standardization for various types of information in the enterprise and unifying and coordinating the information collection work of various using departments, it is possible to reduce the situation of repeated collection, processing and storage of information, and to eliminate misunderstandings and differences caused by inconsistent naming, description, classification and coding of information to the greatest extent; gradually put an end to the confusion of one name for multiple things, one thing for multiple names, different classifications and descriptions of the same name, and different codes for the same information content; unify, standardize and label the names of things and the meanings of terms, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between codes and things or concepts, ensure the reliability, comparability and applicability of information, and make it a real link connecting the various components of the system. 4.2.4 The role of enterprise information classification code
The code generated by coding information entity classes, information entities and entity networks in the process of information classification coding has the following two functions in the enterprise information management system: a) Identification function: The unique identification of entity classes, entities or attributes can be used as the identification of information objects at the business model level in the information management system. The code that plays an identification role is called an identification code. b) Classification function: The classification of entity classes and entities can be used as a navigation for classified retrieval of information objects in the information management system. The code that plays a classification role is called a classification code. For a specific code, it may be the identification code of a certain entity class, and sometimes it is also the classification code of its entity in the entity class. 5 Basic methods and principles for enterprise information classification coding See GB/T 7027 for the basic principles and methods for information classification coding. The following describes the specific methods and principles for enterprise information classification coding.
5.1 Steps of enterprise information classification
5.1.1 Determine the classification angle
In actual application, due to the differences in the information entities to be managed and the classification purposes, information entities will be classified from different angles to obtain multiple classification structures of information entities. For example: product classification structure for product information entity management; equipment classification structure for equipment information entity management; department classification structure for department information entity management, etc. According to the needs of the enterprise for information management and application, the classification angles to be established and the information entities to be benefited should be systematically considered, and the various classification angles should have a coordinated and unified reasonable relationship. 5.1.2 Determine classification attributes
From the attributes of the information entities obtained from each classification angle, select the attributes related to the classification angle as the classification attributes. Whether the classification attributes are appropriate directly affects whether the desired classification management angle can be achieved, and also affects the efficiency of classification. 5.1.3 Construct classification structure
The classification structure refers to the relationship between classification attributes. Constructing the classification structure refers to the process of determining the relationship between classification attributes. 5.2 Methods for constructing classification structure
5.2.1 Line classification method
5.2.1.1 Overview of line classification method
Line classification method is also called hierarchical classification method. It divides the initial classification object into a number of corresponding hierarchical categories with different levels of expansion according to the selected attributes as the basis for division. Each category forms a parallel or parent-child subordinate relationship. A category is called a superordinate category relative to the category of the next level directly divided from it; the category of the next level directly divided from the superordinate category is called a subordinate category relative to the superordinate category. There is a subordinate relationship between the superordinate class and the subordinate class, that is, the subordinate class is subordinate to the superordinate class. Categories directly distinguished by a category are called homonymous categories, and homonymous categories are in a parallel relationship, neither repeating nor overlapping.
5.2.1.2 The process of constructing the classification structure using the linear classification method a) Determine a classification attribute
b) Determine the classification value of the classification attribute, and these classification values constitute the classification categories of the classification layer; 3
GB/T 20529, 1-—2006
c) For each classification category: if the classification category does not need to be further divided into subcategories, go to step d), otherwise determine the classification extension of the classification category for subclassification, and go to step b); d) All classification categories are not further divided, and the classification structure is constructed. After the above process is completed, a classification structure tree will be formed. The leaf nodes of the classification structure tree are the final classification items, usually called basic categories; the remaining nodes are intermediate categories.
Example: See A, 1.1 for an example of using linear classification. 5.2.1.3 Characteristics of linear classification
a) It has a clear hierarchical structure, which can better reflect the relationship between classes. It is a classification method that people are accustomed to using. It is in line with the habit of manual operation and easy to be processed by computers. b) The structural flexibility is poor. If an intermediate class (non-basic class) needs to be added or deleted in a linear classification structure, it will cause changes in the structure of the direct and indirect subordinate classes to which the class belongs. In addition, if the same classification hierarchy is achieved, it may cause the elimination of some classifications and reduce classification efficiency. 5.2.2 Face classification
5.2.2.1 Overview of face classification
Face classification is to divide a given classification object into faces that have no relationship with each other (independent) according to its inherent attributes. Each face contains a group of categories. Combining a category in a face with a category in one or more other faces can form a composite class.
5.2.2.The process of constructing the classification structure using the face classification method determines several features (facets) of the classification object, namely, classification attributes. Each classification attribute constitutes a classification facet. 6) Determine the order of arrangement of the classification faces. According to the habit of processing codes from left to right, the classification attributes should be arranged from left to right according to the importance of the classification facets or the frequency of use. Classify each classification attribute. Determine a classification rule for each classification attribute, and divide the classification categories of each external category group according to this rule. If necessary, determine a composite category table, which lists the combinations of various categories with application significance. The classification objects are divided into the next object class through the categories of each facet obtained through the above steps and the composite categories composed of the categories.
Example, Example of using the surface classification method GB 12403-1090 and A. 6, A. 2. 1 and E. 2, 2. 5.2.2.3 Characteristics of the surface classification method
The classification structure has a large primacy. When the classification property remains unchanged, the classification result can be adjusted by changing the classification rule.
When the classification property of the combination is relatively large, the number of combination values will increase sharply. At this time, it is inevitable that there will be a large number of meaningless combination values, which will affect the clarity of the classification structure. 5.23 Hybrid classification method
Hybrid classification method combines line classification method and surface classification method to overcome the shortcomings of these two basic classification methods and obtain a more reasonable classification structure.
In actual hybrid classification applications, line classification method is usually used as the main classification method, and surface classification method is used as an auxiliary classification method at a certain classification level. The result is a hybrid classification structure with a hierarchical structure as the main body and a combination structure at some classification levels. An example of a hybrid classification method is described in Example A, 4. 5.3 Method of coding classification structure
The coding of classification structure includes three steps: code system design, code structure design and code form design. In the process of this work, if you need to understand the types of codes and their related coding rules, advantages and disadvantages, etc., please refer to Appendix B. 5.3.1 Code system design
The main content of code system design is to determine how to code the classification structure, including what codes to set and what kind of relationship exists between the codes.
5.3.1.1 Code Setting
CB/T 20529.1—2006
The basic method of code setting is: set an identification code for each independent information object; set a classification code for each classification structure in the information classification; set a classification code for non-independent information objects when necessary: This method is further explained as follows:
a) In the information system, the information entity is the information description of things or activities, and the information entity instance is the description of a specific thing or activity in the information entity. They are all independent, so identification codes should be set for them to distinguish them.
b) One or more classification structures have been determined in the process of classifying system construction: a classification code should be set for each classification structure to facilitate the use of these classification structures in the information system. c) Information entity attributes are descriptions of the characteristics of information entities, which are dependent on information entities and are non-independent, so generally there is no need to set identification codes for them. In order to eliminate ambiguity or improve operational efficiency, some low-level attributes can be considered to be coded. However, it should be recognized that due to the widespread use of data dictionary technology in information systems, the ambiguity of attribute values has been solved to a considerable extent. Therefore, if it is not really necessary, do not code the attributes to avoid increasing the workload and affecting the readability of the attributes.
5. 3. 1. 2 Design of code relationship
Code relationship design refers to determining the structural relationship between information object codes with belonging relationships, mainly including: the code relationship between the lower category and the upper category to which it belongs, between the entity and the entity class to which it belongs, and between the instance and the entity to which it belongs in the same classification system. 5.3.1.2.1 The code relationships commonly used include the following two types: a) Composite relationship
If information object A is above information object L, and when the identification code of A is generated based on the identification code of B, then A and B have a composite code relationship.
The composite relationship directly contains the belonging information in the code, which is compact and concise, but at the same time, it makes the codes more compatible:
b) Parallel relationship
If information object A belongs to information object B, and when the identification codes of A and B are generated independently and have nothing to do with each other, then A and B have a parallel code relationship:
In the parallel code relationship, the codes are independent of each other, but because the codes do not contain the displayed information, other methods need to be used to indicate the belonging relationship.
5.3.1.2.2 It can be determined whether the codes are to be composite or parallel based on the needs of information management and the characteristics of various code relationships. Specifically, the following practices can be referred to:a) The relationship between the lower-level category code and the upper-level category code in the same classification structure The code relationship between the lower-level category code and the upper-level category code in the same classification structure should adopt a composite structure. The classification code structure for transportable products described in A.1 adopts a classification code with a composite structure. In this structure, the code of the lower category is formed by adding the code of the lower classification level to the code of the upper category. b) The relationship between the entity identification code and the entity classification code The classification code of the two entities is actually the identification code of the entity class to which the entity belongs. In management systems dominated by manual operations, a composite relationship is usually adopted between the entity identification code and the entity classification code, making the entity identification code compact and easy for operators to understand. However, in human-type computer information management systems, the entity identification code and the entity classification code should adopt a parallel relationship as much as possible, so that the system can automatically generate and maintain the entity identification code. c) The relationship between the instance identification code and the entity identification code The structural relationship to be adopted is determined according to the strength of the relationship between the instance and the entity in actual applications: if in actual applications, an entity object is usually specified first and then an instance in the entity object is specified, then the instance has a strong relationship with the entity. At this time, a composite structure is adopted between the instance identification code and the entity identification code as much as possible. If in actual applications, when operating an instance, the entity to which it belongs is not always determined first, but the instance is directly specified, then the instance has a weak ownership relationship with the underlying entity. In this case, the instance identifier and the entity identifier should adopt a row structure. 5.3.2 Code structure design
Code structure design refers to determining the code positions of the code and the relationship between the code positions: 5.3.2.1 Classification code code structure design
- In the classification code code structure design, the structure of the classification code should be consistent with the classification structure as much as possible, which is not only convenient for coding but also easy to understand.
5. β. 2. 1. 1 Specific steps of classification code structure design a) Determine a code segment for each classification attribute. The code positions contained in the code segment can be fixed (called rigid code positions) or variable (called case-specific code positions).
b) Determine the relationship between each code segment according to the relationship between each classification attribute. If the classification attributes are in a subordinate relationship, the related code segments are also in a subordinate relationship, thus forming a hierarchical classification code; if the classification attributes are in a combined relationship, the related code segments are also in a combined relationship, thus forming a combined classification code. C
Determine the separator between code segments as needed. If the code segment of the classification attribute adopts the case code position, it is necessary to determine a code segment separator character for each code segment so that the code segments can be separated. If the rigid code position method is adopted, each code segment can be divided according to the fixed code position length, so there is no need to set a code separator character. Obviously, the case code position code has a higher usage efficiency than the flexible code position code, but the flexible code position code has better scalability than the rigid code position code. wwW.bzxz.Net
5.3.2.1.2 The main factors to be considered in the design of the classification code structure Code segment capacity
Code segment capacity refers to the number of code values contained in the code segment. The code capacity is related to the number of code bits in the code segment and the code character type of each code bit. When designing, the capacity of the code segment must be appropriately larger than the number of categories of the corresponding classification attribute. If the code capacity is too small, it cannot meet the requirements of classification item coding; if the code capacity is too large, the code structure is not compact, which may affect the efficiency of code use. h) Adaptation method for category expansion
The code capacity needs to be determined according to the number of categories. However, in actual applications, the number of categories of a certain classification attribute may change with the development of the application. For example, the categories of products may increase with the continuous emergence of new products. Therefore,When determining the code capacity, the adaptability to the self-expansion of the class should be considered. There are two adaptive strategies for category expansion: one is the capacity reservation strategy, that is, when determining the code position capacity, the corresponding capacity space is increased according to the calculation of the possible expansion of the category. This strategy is used in cases where the code segment of the classification screen is a rigid code position. The second is to adopt the flexible code position strategy, where the number of code positions in the code segment is not fixed, leaving sufficient space for the expansion of the capacity. This strategy is used in cases where the possibility of category expansion is large and difficult to estimate.
Example: The classification codes described in A.1 and A.4 all use the rigid code position method. The example described in A3 uses the multiplicative code position method. 5.3.2.2 Design of identification code code structure
5.3.2.2.1 Design of compound structure identification code code structure The compound structure identification code is generated based on a classification code of the sensitive identification object, and is generally composed of two parts: "classification code" and "serial number".
a) "Classification code" refers to the class identification code of the classification to which the identified object belongs; "Serial number" is a natural number sequence determined according to the abbreviation order. If the "classification code" is a flexible code position method, a separator character should be added between the "classification code" and the "serial number", such as: "_". b
When designing the structure of the composite structure identification code, the design of the sequence structure should take into account the scalability of the structure and its base. The design can also use either a flexible code or a flexible surrogate. 5
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c) Since the composite structure identification code contains information about the category to which the identified object belongs, the composite structure identification code is a "meaningful code".
Examples 1A.2 and A.3 are both examples of using composite structures to form identification codes. The serial number part of the citizen identity number is a semantic code, while the serial number part of the international trade contract code is a semantic code. 5.3.2.2.2 Design of the code structure of parallel structure identification code Parallel structure identification codes are independently generated. The general design principle is to keep them as simple as possible and easy to be automatically generated and maintained by computers while ensuring uniqueness. Commonly used code structures are sequential codes and random codes. ) Sequential code
Sequential code The code is the most common way to use it as an identification code. When designing, the code positions of the code should be determined according to the required capacity, and the starting number of the sequential code, the change step length, and the method of representing the empty space (such as using 0 padding) should also be determined. b) Random code
In order to avoid the leakage of some commercial information implied by the sequential code, random code can also be used as a parallel structure identification code. At this time, it is also necessary to determine the code positions of the code, the range of the random code, and other factors according to the required capacity. Obviously, the implementation of random code is more complicated than that of sequential code, so random code is only used when there is a sufficient reason. Whether it is a sequential code or a random code, the code itself does not have any application meaning, so it belongs to "meaningless code". 5.3.3 Code form design
Whether it is a classification code or an identification code, the main content of the code form design includes two aspects: determining the valid characters of each code position and the code value method.
5.3.3.1 Determination of code position characters
5.3.3.1. 1Digital code
Digital code uses the digital character set (0-9) as the valid characters for each code position. Because it is simple in structure and easy to use, and can be implemented in two ways, integer or character, as needed, it enhances the efficiency of operation and is therefore widely used. Example: A.1, A.2 and A4 all use the code format of digital code. 5.3.3.1.2 Letter code
Letter code uses the uppercase or lowercase English letter character set (A, B, a-z) as the valid characters for each code position. Usually, uppercase and lowercase characters are not mixed. When implementing letter code, only character encoding can be used, which has a certain impact on operation efficiency. However, compared with digital code, letter code has the advantages of large capacity (the maximum capacity of a digital code position is 10, while the maximum capacity of a letter code position is 26) and easy to remember manually. It is also widely used. 5.3,3.1.3 Mixed code
Mixed code is a combination of digital character set and alphabetic character set as valid characters for each code position. It has the advantages of the above-mentioned digital code and alphabetic code. If it is properly designed, it can obtain a reasonable structure and good intuitiveness. However, due to the complex form of the mixed code, it is inconvenient to input into the computer, the recording efficiency is low, and it is easy to make mistakes. Therefore, when using mixed codes, it is necessary to pay attention to making the mixture of mathematics and letters have obvious rules, and to avoid mixing numbers and letters with similar shapes (such as: number 1 and letter I, number 0 and letter O, etc.). Example: A.3 uses the code form of mixed code. 5. 3.3.2 Code value selection method
Code value selection refers to the process of determining the code and its meaning. According to the different value selection processes, it can be divided into static value selection method and dynamic value selection method.
5.3.3.2.1 Static value method
The static value method is to determine the code characters and determine the combination of all valid code values according to the application and determine the application meaning represented by each code. Usually, a code table is used to represent the valid code set and the application meaning represented.
In traditional manual classification and coding, the classification code basically adopts the static value method. According to this method, after the classification code is designed, the classification code table should be compiled according to the classification rules and coding methods. The table describes all the categories in the classification system and their codes. The classification code table will serve as the specific implementation rules in the subsequent classification and coding implementation process. It can be seen that when the static value method is adopted, the determination of the code and its meaning and the implementation of the code are carried out in two stages. Example: A.4 adopts a completely static value method, while some codes in A.1.A.2 and A3 adopt a static value method. 5.3.3.2.2 Dynamic Value Method
The dynamic value method does not determine the valid code set immediately after the code character is determined. Instead, the valid code and its application meaning are gradually determined during the coding implementation process. Obviously, the dynamic value method does not require the complete code to be compressed before the implementation of the compression, and has the advantage of being easy to expand within the scope allowed by the code structure. In applications, identification codes usually adopt a dynamic value method, that is, the code structure and compression rules of the identification code are determined first. In applications, whenever an identified object needs to be added to the system, a new valid code is generated according to the encoding rules of the identification code and assigned to the object. Traditional manual classification codes basically adopt a static value method, but with the complexity of application requirements, in computer information processing systems, classification codes are increasingly using dynamic value methods to achieve the coding of complex classification applications and obtain better scalability.
It should be pointed out that when using the dynamic value method to compile classification codes, the compression of each new code is related to the current compression status of the system. Since it is impossible to reliably check the system coding status manually, it can only be mastered with the help of computer information systems. Therefore, the dynamic value method is only applicable to computer information management systems. Example: Some code positions in A.1.A.2 and A.3 adopt the dynamic value method. 5.4 Principles to be followed in the process of information classification and coding Information classification and coding needs to be carried out according to actual needs, and there is a unified formula. However, the following principles should be followed in the process of information classification and coding.
5. 4. 1 Systematic principle
When classifying enterprise information, the classification angle should be systematically determined according to the overall needs of the enterprise. The classification structures constructed from different classification angles should be coordinated and consistent, and there should be no gaps or overlaps. In the process of code system design, the setting of codes and the design of their relationships should be systematically considered.
5.4.2 Principle of stability
When determining the classification object, the most stable essential attribute of the information should be selected based on scientific methods, and the assigned code should not change frequently to ensure that the determined classification structure and code structure will not be changed within a long period of time. 5.4.3 Principle of standardization
In the process of classification structure design and code structure design, it should be in line with relevant international, national and industry standards, and attention should be paid to making full use of existing classification and code standards. On the one hand, it can improve the degree of standardization, and on the other hand, it can effectively reduce the workload of classification and coding. 5.↓, 4 Principle of uniqueness
In addition to requiring the identification code of the information object to be unique within the entire system, the classification result of a certain information entity in a classification structure and the compiled classification code should also be unique and unambiguous. 5..5 Principle of extensibility
It should be possible to easily expand the determined classification structure and code structure, including the expansion of classification categories, the expansion of classification properties and the expansion of classification codes.
5. 4, 6 Principle of applicability
Classification attributes, classification structure and classification codes should conform to the existing classification and coding habits as much as possible and be suitable for use by various application departments.
6 Related technologies for information classification and coding applications
6.1 Principles and methods of information entity extraction
Summarizing and extracting information entities from the enterprise information of a large number of companies is the first step in constructing entity models and classifying and coding enterprise information. Whether the entity extraction is reasonable directly affects the function and performance of the enterprise information system, and thus affects the quality and efficiency of enterprise information management.
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