This standard specifies the general requirements for the safety design of measuring relays and protection devices and their inspection methods. This standard applies to newly developed and designed measuring relays and protection devices, as well as the complete sets of protection equipment composed of them. GB 16836-2003 General requirements for the safety design of measuring relays and protection devices GB16836-2003 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS.29. 120.70
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB16836—2003
Replaces GB16836-1997
General requirements of safety design for measuring relays and protection equipment2003-10-09 Issued
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2004-05-01 Implementation
GB16836-2003
.......
Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Requirements
6 Test methods
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Rigid test finger and joint test finger.
A.1 Rigid test finger||tt ||A.2 Articulated standard test finger
Appendix B (Informative Appendix) Item Inspection-List 10
GB16836-2003
Articles 5.1, 5.2, 5.3.4, 5.3.5, 5.3.6, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.5.4, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5, 5.6.6, 5.6.12, 5.7 and 5.8 of this standard are mandatory provisions, and the rest are recommended provisions. This standard is a revision of GB16836-1997 "General Requirements for Safety Design of Measuring Relays and Protection Devices". The main changes of this standard compared with GB16836-1997 are: - Changing from mandatory in the whole text to mandatory in clauses;
Changing "3 General Provisions" to "3 Terms and Definitions"; Changing "4 Definitions" to "4 General Provisions";
Adding "Note 1: The angle tolerance is ±4. Note 2: When the linear dimension is less than 25mm, the tolerance is ±0.05mm; when the linear dimension is greater than or equal to 25mm, the tolerance is ±0.2mm." in Figure A.1; removing "Dimension unit: mm" in Figure A.2; Changing the angle and linear dimension tolerances in Figure A.2 to "Note 1: The angle tolerance is ±4. Note 2: When the linear dimension is less than 25mm, the tolerance is ±0.05mm; when the linear dimension is greater than or equal to 25mm, the tolerance is ±0.2mm. ”; - Change "Appendix A (Appendix to the standard)" to "Appendix A (Normative Appendix)", and "Appendix B (Indicative Appendix)" to "Appendix B (Informative Appendix)"; and change "Factory inspection for type finalization" in Appendix B to "Factory inspection for type inspection". This standard is formulated to adapt to international trade, technical and economic exchanges and ensure the safe use of measuring relays and protection devices. In view of the fact that the safety standards in the IEC60255 "Electrical Relays" series of standards have not yet been officially published, the safety requirements for electrical relays are mainly partially stipulated in Appendix C "Guidelines for impulse voltage tests" and Appendix D "Measurement of creepage distances and electrical clearances" of IEC60255-5:2000 "Electrical Relays Part 5: Insulation coordination of measuring relays and protection devices - Requirements and tests", or are stipulated by citing other standards. Due to the changes in the versions of IEC standards and the mutual references of these standards, it is insufficient or inconvenient to use only IEC60255-5 and its referenced standards as safety requirements for electrical relays. Now it is drafted This standard is necessary. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix; Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Measuring Relays and Protection Equipment. The drafting units of this standard: Xuchang Relay Research Institute, Acheng Relay Co., Ltd. The drafters of this standard: Tian, ​​Zhou Shixian, Li Shaofeng. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GB16836-1997. 1 Scope
Measuring relays and protection devices
General requirements for safety design
This standard specifies the general requirements for safety design of measuring relays and protection devices and their inspection methods. GB16836-2003
This standard applies to newly developed and designed measuring relays and protection devices, as well as complete sets of protection equipment composed of them (hereinafter referred to as products).
This standard does not apply to products under special environmental conditions. 2 Normative referenced documents
The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. All subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions of dated references are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T2682-1981 Colors of indicators and buttons in electrical complete sets GB/T4205-1984 Standard movement direction of operating parts for controlling electrical equipment (eqVIEC60 4471974) GB4208-1993 Enclosure protection degree (IP code) (eqvIEC60529: 1989) GB/T4776-1984 Electrical safety terminology 5 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements (idtIECGB4793.1-1995
601010-1: 1990)
GB/T5169.5--1997
Electrical and electronic products catching fire Dangerous test Part 2: Test methods Part 2: Needle flame test (idtIEC60695-2-2: 1991)
GB/T7261-2000 Basic test methods for relays and devices GB7947-1997 Color or digital identification of conductors (idtIEC60446: 1989) GB/T11021-1989 Evaluation and classification of thermal resistance of electrical insulation (eqvIEC606085: 1984) GB/T12501-1990 Electrical insulation Classification of protection against electric shock for industrial and electronic equipment (neqIEC60536:1976) GB/T14598.3-1993 Electrical relays Part 5: Insulation tests for electrical relays (eqvIEC60255-5:1997) GB14821.1-1993 Protection against electric shock of electrical installations in buildings (eqvIEC60364-4-41:1992) 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions established in GB/T4776-1984 apply to this standard. 4 General Provisions
When manufactured in accordance with product design requirements and used and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the product manual, the following safety objectives should be achieved during manufacturing, use and maintenance of the product: a) The product can withstand non-mechanical external influences under expected environmental conditions without endangering people, livestock and property; b)
The product does not endanger people, livestock and property while meeting the expected mechanical requirements; c)
The product should not endanger people, livestock and property under foreseeable overload conditions; d)
The product should have adequate protection against bodily injury and other hazards caused by direct or indirect electric contact to people and livestock; the product should not generate temperatures, arcs or radiation that endanger people and livestock; e)
GB16836—2003
f) The insulation of the product should be suitable for the foreseeable situation; g) The product should have adequate protection against other hazards that endanger people and property. Product design should take direct safety technical measures as much as possible. When it is impossible or incomplete to achieve, indirect safety technical measures and suggestive safety technical measures should be taken.
5 Requirements
5.1 Mechanical structure
5.1.1 The material selection of product structure should be able to withstand the mechanical, physical and chemical effects that may occur under the conditions of use, and should not cause harm to people. 5.1.2 The appearance of the product should avoid sharp corners, edges, burrs and rough surfaces to avoid causing harm to the human body. 5.1.3 The design of the transmission, rotation, swing and other moving parts of the product should avoid danger after human contact, otherwise safety technical measures should be taken.
5.1.4 The movement direction of the operating mechanism of the control part of the product should comply with the provisions of GB/T4205-1984 standard. 5.1.5 The product should have a reliable stability design and firm connection and installation to avoid tipping or falling off due to vibration, impact, collision and other safety issues during transportation. If necessary, safety issues such as strength and stability of the product during transportation should also be considered. 5.2 Enclosure protection
5.2.1 The protection provided by the enclosure can prevent access to dangerous mechanical parts and live parts, prevent the intrusion of solid foreign objects and prevent water from entering the interior.
5.2.2 The code for the protection provided by the enclosure is: IP
Supplementary letters (letters H, M, S, W, optional)Additional letters (letters A, B, C, D, optional)Second characteristic numeral (0 to 8, or X)
First characteristic numeral (0 to 6, or X)
Code letters (International Protection)The meanings of the letter and number codes are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Composition and meaning of IP code
First characteristic numeral
Number or letter
Meaning of protective equipment
Prevent solid foreign objects from entering
No protection
Diameter ≥50mm
Diameter ≥2.5mm
Diameter ≥2.5mm
Diameter ≥.0mm
No requirement for protection
Meaning of protecting people
Prevent people from approaching dangerous parts
No protection
Metal wire
Metal wire
Metal wire
No requirement for protection
Second characteristic numeral
Additional letters
(optional)
Supplementary letters
(optional)| |tt||Numbers or letters
Table 1 (continued)
Meaning of protective equipment
Prevent water from entering
No protection
Vertical dripping water
Dripping water at 15°
Violent water spray
No water for a short time
No water for a continuous time
No requirements
Specimen running during waterproof test
Sample stationary during waterproof test
Climatic conditions
GB16836—2003
Meaning of protecting people
Prevent approaching dangerous parts
Metal wire
5.2.3 The protection of people is provided by the casing, and the degree of protection can be selected according to Table 1. If there are further requirements, follow GB42081993. 5.2.4 The mark of the enclosure protection level shall be marked on the product nameplate or enclosure, or specified in the instructions. 5.3 Insulation coordination
5.3.1 Insulation coordination refers to the relationship between the insulation characteristics of the product taking into account the expected micro-environment and other influencing factors. If the design of the product takes into account these influencing factors during its service life, the purpose of insulation coordination can be well achieved. 5.3.2 The main factors affecting the insulation coordination of the product are: a) voltage level;
overvoltage category;
electric field conditions (uniform electric field or non-uniform electric field), c)
pollution level;
comparative tracking index (CTI) reflecting material characteristics; e)
altitude (atmospheric pressure)).
5.3.3 The insulation coordination design of the product shall take into account both the electrical clearance and creepage distance, and the creepage distance shall not be less than the electrical clearance.
5.3.4 The minimum values ​​of electrical clearance and creepage distance shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB/T14598.3-1993. 5.3.5 When the altitude exceeds 2000m, the correction value of electrical clearance is shown in Table 2. 3
GB16836-2003
Altitude
Table 2 Correction value of electrical clearance at sea level
Standard atmospheric pressure
5.3.6 After the electrical clearance is determined, the product shall also be able to withstand the impulse voltage test specified in the standard. 5.4 Heating requirements
5.4.1 Phenomena that should not occur under normal operation and foreseeable fault conditions The product shall not have the following phenomena under normal operation and foreseeable fault conditions: a) Temperature that causes combustion of parts; b) Risk of burns when the human body comes into contact with accessible parts; c) Deformation of the casing.
Correction factor for electrical clearance
5.4.2 Allowable temperature rise
Under normal working conditions, after the product reaches a state of thermal equilibrium, the allowable temperature rise shall be checked by measuring the temperature, and shall not exceed the values ​​given in Table 3.
Table 3 Allowable temperature rise
Outer surface of housing
Inner surface of housing
Power transformer
Thermoplastic materials for insulation
Other parts
Metal knobs, handles and other operating parts
Non-metal knobs, handles and other operating parts
Insulating materials
Allowable temperature rise
Normal working conditions
Note 1: The allowable temperature rise under normal working conditions is 10K lower than the softening temperature, and can be equal to the softening temperature under fault conditions. Note 2: See 6.4.2 for Vicat test.
For a housing made of insulating material, the allowable temperature rise of its inner surface is determined by the corresponding material. bFor a given material, its temperature rise is limited by the numerical value specified in GB/T11021-1989. The unit is open
Fault condition
cFor different thermoplastic materials, it is impossible to specify the allowable temperature rise. It is recommended to use the Vicat test method to determine the softening temperature (i.e. the temperature at a penetration depth of 0.1mm).
5.4.3 Retention of insulation
When the product is allowed to work at a rising temperature, the electrical clearance, creepage distance and insulation resistance shall not be lower than the values ​​specified in the product standard. 5.4.4 Mechanical strength at high temperature
When the product is working at the allowable temperature rise, it should have sufficient mechanical strength. In case of doubt, it can be tested according to 6.4.4. 5.5 Fire Hazard Protection
5.5.1 When the product is under internal fault conditions or overheating conditions caused by overload due to external faults, there is a fire hazard due to the following reasons:
a) Spontaneous combustion of components;
Component overheating ignites components and parts in contact with or adjacent to it; c) Component explosion and dripping hot particles ignite other components or parts; d) Spontaneous combustion or ignition of flammable gases emitted by components when they reach a certain concentration; e) Ignition caused by flashover, arcing, and drowning. 5.5.2 The product should adopt effective fire hazard protection design to avoid fire hazards. 5.5.3
The following methods can effectively achieve the purpose of fire hazard protection: a)
Proper selection of materials, such as metal materials or flame-retardant engineering plastics; b)
Proper selection of components, whose rated power has a certain margin; GB16836-2003
There should be sufficient heat dissipation distance between heating elements and between heating elements and flammable parts, or ventilation heat dissipation design should be adopted; c
Avoid sparks or arcs caused by poor electrical contact; d)
Adopt a design to control the spread of fire and flames. e)
5.5.4 Parts made of non-metallic materials in the product should be able to withstand the fire hazard test specified in this standard, with a severity level of 20s. 5.6 Protection against electric shock hazards
5.6.1 The product should have measures to prevent direct electric shock and indirect electric contact. These measures can be adopted separately or in combination. Protection against direct electric shock refers to protection against direct contact with live parts; protection against indirect electric contact refers to protection against contact with exposed conductive parts and external conductive parts that become live under fault conditions. 5.6.2 The electric shock protection function of the product can be achieved by separate measures or by two or more protection functions. 5.6.2.1 The measures that can achieve the function of protection against direct electric shock are: a
Use insulating protection (paint coatings, anodic films, wood, unimpregnated paper, etc. cannot be considered as insulating materials); b)
Use enclosures or fences with a protection level of at least IPXXB: c
Use barriers;
Place live parts beyond the reach of the arm. d)
Measures that can independently complete the function of preventing indirect electric contact include: 5.6.2.2
Automatically cut off the power supply;
Use Class II equipment or equivalent insulation protection; b)
Use electrical isolation circuit;
d) Ungrounded local equipotential bonding: Connect all exposed conductive parts and external conductive parts of the product that can be touched at the same time with equipotential bonding wires to form an ungrounded local equipotential bonding environment. 5.6.2.3 Measures that have both direct electric shock and indirect electric contact protection include: a) Safety extra low voltage (SELV);
b) Functional extra low voltage (FELV).
For the specific requirements of 5.6.2.1 to 5.6.2.3 of this standard, please refer to GB14821.1-1993. 5.6.3 The manual parts of the product, such as the operating shaft, knobs and handles made of non-insulating parts, setting and pre-adjusting parts, and voltage adjustment parts, shall not be energized to avoid the risk of electric shock.
5.6.4 Neither the protective grounding terminal nor the measuring grounding terminal should be charged. The terminal that receives the charge from the internal capacitor should not be charged 10s after the power is cut off, otherwise it should be marked with protection or safety. 5.6.5 The terminal connected to the internal live parts should not be touchable. If it is necessary to touch it for operational reasons, the external terminals and sockets of the operating and measuring circuits should be concealed, covered, and reasonably arranged as much as possible to avoid accidental touch. If these measures cannot be implemented, appropriate markings should be added.
5.6.6 Circuits that are conductively connected to the power grid (see GB4793--1995) and circuits equivalent thereto shall have the following requirements in terms of mechanical structure:
It shall be possible to prevent the insulation between the circuits that are conductively connected to the power grid or components on circuits equivalent thereto and accessible conductive parts from being short-circuited due to accidental loosening of screws, wires, etc.; the strength of the wire connection points that bear mechanical stress shall not rely solely on tin soldering (this requirement does not apply to printed circuit board component leads);
The electrical clearance and creepage distance between live parts and accessible conductive parts shall comply with the provisions of 5.3. c)
5.6.7 Requirements for Class I safety products are as follows: 5.6.7.1 The definition and requirements of Class I safety products are shown in GB/T12501-1990. Class I safety products should ensure that in the event of a fault, accessible conductive parts that are prone to become live are reliably connected to the protective earthing terminal or protective conductor 5.6.7.2
, and can also be reliably connected to the protective shield, and the resistance value should not be greater than 0.5α. 5.6.8 The requirements for Class I safety products are as follows: 5.6.8.1
The definition and requirements of Class II safety products can be found in GB/T12501-~1990. Class II safety products should not have a protective earthing terminal or protective conductor, and should be marked with the Class II product symbol 5.6.8.2
on the housing or nameplate (see Table 5).
5.6.9 The requirements for Class III safety products are as follows: The definition and requirements of Class III safety products can be found in GB/T12501-1990. 5.6.9.1
5.6.9.2 Class II safety products should not have a protective earthing terminal or protective conductor. 5.6.10 The product manual shall indicate which of the following 5.6.7 to 5.6.9 the product's safety category belongs to. 5.6.11 The dielectric strength test, insulation resistance test under humid conditions and impulse voltage test of the product shall comply with the requirements specified in GB/T14598.3-1993.
5.6.12 The requirements for product leakage current are as follows: When the product is applied with 1.1 times the rated voltage, the leakage current between each live circuit and all connected accessible conductive parts shall not exceed the specified value in Table 4. When the outer casing is an insulating part, metal foil shall be used for wrapping during the test. Table 4 Leakage current limit values ​​
Product category
Class I products directly connected to the protective earth terminal according to 5.6.7.2 Class II products
Class II products
Accessible conductive parts:
2---Power supply
3 Switch.
Connection method
Unit is mA
Leakage current limit value 1
AC: 5 (peak value) DC: 5
AC: 0.7 (peak value) DC: 2
No leakage current test
Figure 1 Leakage current measurement of Class I safety products directly connected to the protective grounding terminalo
1-A accessible conductive part or a metal box wrapped around an insulating shell; 2-Grid power supply:
3-Conversion switch:
-Protective insulation:
5-Measurement grounding terminal.
Figure 2 Leakage current measuring panel for Class II safety products 5.7 Safety signs
5.7.1 The product nameplate should have the product model and name, manufacturer name or trademark, and main product parameters. 5.7.2 The text, graphics, and symbols used on the product nameplate should be clear and easy to identify, and should comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards. 5.7.3 The on and off position marks of the switch should be clear. 5.7.4 The colors of the indicator lights and buttons should comply with the provisions of GB/T2682-1981. GB16836-2003
5.7.5 The color marking of the bare conductor should comply with the provisions of GB7947-1997, and the safety grounding wire should be yellow and green. 5.7.6 Commonly used special safety signs are shown in Table 5, and should be marked on the product nameplate, the corresponding part of the shell or in the product manual according to the actual situation.
Table 5 Commonly used specific signs and symbols
Safety level
Symbol
(red)
AC and DC
High voltage lightning touch hazard, used in places where the voltage to ground is higher than the insulation voltage, generally greater than or equal to 1kV
Commercial voltage hazard (accessory or instrument)
Class II safety products, with supplementary insulation or double insulation GB16836—2003
Dielectric strength test
Impulse voltage test
5.8 Information for users
Symbol
The relevant safety contents in the product manual include the following: Table 5 (continued)
General grounding
Protective grounding
Casing Grounding
Noise-free grounding
Grounding is not allowed
Operation must be carried out in accordance with the instruction manual
No test required
Test voltage 500V
Test voltage 2000V
No test required
Test voltage 1000V
Test voltage 5000V
a) Product safety category (see 5.6.75.6.9); connection method between protective grounding terminal and accessible conductor or protective shield (only applicable to Class I safety products); b)
connection method between protective grounding terminal and protective conductor (only applicable to Class I safety products); power supply requirements of the product;
enclosure protection grade;
safety sign;2 Directly connected Class I products Class II products
Class II products
Touchable conductive parts:
2---Power supply network
3 Switch.
Connection method
Unit is mA
Leakage current limit value 1
AC: 5 (peak value) DC: 5
AC: 0.7 (peak value) DC: 2
No leakage current test
Figure 1 Leakage current measurement of Class I safety products directly connected to the protective earthing terminalo
1-Touchable conductive parts or metal boxes wrapped around the insulating casing; 2-Power supply network:
3-Switch:
-Protective insulation:
5-Measurement grounding terminal.
Figure 2 Leakage current measuring panel of Class II safety products 5.7 Safety signs
5.7.1 The product nameplate should have the product model and name, manufacturer name or trademark, and main product parameters. 5.7.2 The words, graphics, and symbols used on the product nameplate should be clear and easy to identify, and should comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards. 5.7.3 The open and closed position markings of the switch should be clear. 5.7.4 The colors of the indicator lights and buttons should comply with the provisions of GB/T2682-1981. GB16836-2003
5.7.5 The color marking of the bare conductor should comply with the provisions of GB7947-1997, and the safety grounding wire should be yellow-green. 5.7.6 Commonly used specific safety signs are shown in Table 5, and should be marked on the product nameplate, the corresponding part of the shell, or in the product manual according to actual thunder.
Table 5 Commonly used specific signs and symbols
Safety level
Symbol
(red)
AC and DC
High voltage lightning touch hazard, used in places where the voltage to ground is higher than the insulation voltage, generally greater than or equal to 1kV
Commercial voltage hazard (accessory or instrument)
Class II safety products, with supplementary insulation or double insulation GB16836—2003
Dielectric strength test
Impulse voltage test
5.8 Information for users
Symbol
The relevant safety contents in the product manual include the following: Table 5 (continued)
General grounding
Protective grounding
Casing Grounding
Noise-free grounding
Grounding is not allowed
Operation must be carried out in accordance with the instruction manual
No test requiredbzxZ.net
Test voltage 500V
Test voltage 2000V
No test required
Test voltage 1000V
Test voltage 5000V
a) Product safety category (see 5.6.75.6.9); connection method between protective grounding terminal and accessible conductor or protective shield (only applicable to Class I safety products); b)
connection method between protective grounding terminal and protective conductor (only applicable to Class I safety products); power supply requirements of the product;
enclosure protection grade;
safety sign;2 Directly connected Class I products Class II products
Class II products
Touchable conductive parts:
2---Power supply network
3 Switch.
Connection method
Unit is mA
Leakage current limit value 1
AC: 5 (peak value) DC: 5
AC: 0.7 (peak value) DC: 2
No leakage current test
Figure 1 Leakage current measurement of Class I safety products directly connected to the protective earthing terminalo
1-Touchable conductive parts or metal boxes wrapped around the insulating casing; 2-Power supply network:
3-Switch:
-Protective insulation:
5-Measurement grounding terminal.
Figure 2 Leakage current measuring panel of Class II safety products 5.7 Safety signs
5.7.1 The product nameplate should have the product model and name, manufacturer name or trademark, and main product parameters. 5.7.2 The words, graphics, and symbols used on the product nameplate should be clear and easy to identify, and should comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards. 5.7.3 The open and closed position markings of the switch should be clear. 5.7.4 The colors of the indicator lights and buttons should comply with the provisions of GB/T2682-1981. GB16836-2003
5.7.5 The color marking of the bare conductor should comply with the provisions of GB7947-1997, and the safety grounding wire should be yellow-green. 5.7.6 Commonly used specific safety signs are shown in Table 5, and should be marked on the product nameplate, the corresponding part of the shell, or in the product manual according to actual thunder.
Table 5 Commonly used specific signs and symbols
Safety level
Symbol
(red)
AC and DC
High voltage lightning touch hazard, used in places where the voltage to ground is higher than the insulation voltage, generally greater than or equal to 1kV
Commercial voltage hazard (accessory or instrument)
Class II safety products, with supplementary insulation or double insulation GB16836—2003
Dielectric strength test
Impulse voltage test
5.8 Information for users
Symbol
The relevant safety contents in the product manual include the following: Table 5 (continued)
General grounding
Protective grounding
Casing Grounding
Noise-free grounding
Grounding is not allowed
Operation must be carried out in accordance with the instruction manual
No test required
Test voltage 500V
Test voltage 2000V
No test required
Test voltage 1000V
Test voltage 5000V
a) Product safety category (see 5.6.75.6.9); connection method between protective grounding terminal and accessible conductor or protective shield (only applicable to Class I safety products); b)
connection method between protective grounding terminal and protective conductor (only applicable to Class I safety products); power supply requirements of the product;
enclosure protection grade;
safety sign;
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