NY/T 5183-2002 Technical specification for the production of pollution-free carambola
Some standard content:
ICS 65. 020. 20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5183-2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Carambola Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 51832002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Former
The drafting units of this standard are: Tropical Horticulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, College of Horticulture of South China University of Tropical Agriculture, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The main drafters of this standard are: Li Shaopeng, Zuo Xuan, Cai Shengzhong, Zheng Yu, Chen Yeyuan, Wang Jiabao, Liu Debing, Wei Shouxing, Jiang Chengdong, Han Jian, Wang Lingyin, Lu Yeling.
1 Scope
Technical regulations for pollution-free carambola production
NY/T5183--2002
This standard specifies the technical requirements for site selection and planning design, soil, fertilizer and water management, tree management, pest and disease control and harvesting for pollution-free carambola (Averrhoa carambola Linn) production. This standard applies to pollution-free carambola production nationwide. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB4284 Pollutant Control Standard for Agricultural Sludge GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB8172 Agricultural Control Standard for Urban Waste
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY/T227 Microbial Fertilizers
NY/T394 Recommended Rules for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers
NY5023 Environmental Conditions for the Production Area of Pollution-free Food Tropical Fruits 3 Site Selection and Planning and Design
3.1 Site Selection
In addition to complying with the relevant provisions of NY5023, it is advisable to select hilly slopes, dry fields, alluvial land, etc. with rich organic matter, strong water and fertilizer retention, sufficient water sources, good drainage, open and sunny, and sheltered from wind and cold for garden construction. Sites with slopes greater than 15° or water levels that are too high and cannot be lowered to below 1m should not be selected.
3.2 Garden planning and design
3.2.1 Shelterbelt: Build a shelterbelt around the plot to form a forest network. The tree species used should not have the same major pests and diseases as the carambola. The width of the forest belt is 6m~12m, and the distance from the forest edge is 5m~6m. The tree species in the forest belt should be selected to adapt to local environmental conditions, grow fast, have strong wind resistance, and have strong regeneration ability after wind damage.
3.2.2 Plot size: Divide the plot into several plots according to the topography and landform of the plot, and the area of each plot is generally 1.33hm2~3.33hm2.
3.2.3 Establish a complete drainage and road system. 3.2.4 Soil and water conservation: Build ditch terraces on gentle slopes less than 3°, and build contour mountain rows or terraces on slopes greater than 5°. 3.2.5 Variety selection: Select varieties that are suitable for local climate and soil conditions, high quality, high yield, stable yield, strong resistance, good commerciality, and suitable for market demand.
3.2.6 Planting density: Determine the planting density based on the garden environment conditions, variety characteristics, cultivation and management conditions, etc. The general spacing between rows and plants is 4m×(5m~~6m), 416 plants/hm2~495 plants/hm2.305
NY/T5183—2002
4 Soil management
4.1 Soil covering: Cover the tree pit with grass all year round in the first 2 to 3 years after planting, and the covering material should be 10cm~15cm away from the tree head. 4.2 Intercropping: Intercrop short-term crops such as green manure, vegetables or forage between rows or let them grow grass naturally. The intercropping should be more than 80cm away from the drip line of the carambola tree crown. It is not suitable to intercrop tall crops such as sugarcane, cassava or corn. 4.3 Intertillage and weeding: tree weeds are timely controlled by manual, mechanical or herbicides. Inter-row weeds are controlled by manual, mechanical or microbial herbicides or chemical herbicides recommended in this standard. Combined with fertilization, intertillage and weeding are carried out 2 to 3 times a year, and young trees are combined with organic fertilizers to expand holes and improve soil.
5 Water management
5.1 Irrigation: During the period of carambola shoots, flower spikes, flowering period, and fruit growth and development, water should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist in case of drought. The quality of irrigation water should comply with the provisions of NY5023. 5.2 Drainage: The accumulated water in the garden should be removed in time to reduce the groundwater level to below 1m to avoid waterlogging. 6 Fertilization management
6.1 Fertilization principles
6.1.1 Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers, and apply organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in combination. The types of farmyard manure and commercial fertilizers shall be used in accordance with the provisions of NY/T394, and the types and use of microbial fertilizers shall be used in accordance with the provisions of NY/T227. 6.1.2 Farmyard manure should be fully decomposed after being fermented at a high temperature of more than 50°C for more than 7 days before it can be applied. 6.1.3 It is recommended to adopt balanced fertilization and nutrient diagnosis fertilization, and timely topdressing according to the fertility of the garden and the different development stages of carambola. In areas where the soil is lacking in trace elements, the types and quantities of topdressing should be increased according to the deficiency conditions. 6.1.4 Urban garbage, sludge, industrial waste residues containing heavy metals and harmful substances and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated should not be used. Urban garbage that meets the requirements of GB8172 after harmless treatment and sludge that meets the requirements of GB4284 can be used as base fertilizer. 6.1.5 Fertilizers (including foliar fertilizers) that have not been approved and registered by relevant national departments should not be used. 6.1.6 The last soil fertilization and foliar fertilization should be more than 30 days and more than 20 days before fruit picking, respectively. 6.2 Fertilization of Fruit Trees
6.2.1 The recommended fertilizer application ratio for fruit tree is N:P20,:K20-1:0.5:2.2.6.2.2 Fertilization Times: In the middle of the year, each fruit crop needs to be fertilized with shoot-promoting and flower-strengthening fertilizer, flower-promoting fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer, and winter fertilizer is applied at the end of the year. Topdressing is applied 6 to 8 times throughout the year.
6.2.3 Fertilizer for Shoot-Promoting and Flower-Strengthening: Fertilization is applied after each fruit crop is harvested, mainly organic fertilizer, about 20kg of decomposed high-quality fertilizer or soil fertilizer (or 40kg of green manure + 1kg to 1.5kg of cake fertilizer) is applied to each plant, plus 1kg of superphosphate, and if the tree is in poor condition, 200g to 300g of urea is added. 6.2.4 Fertilizer for Flower-Promoting: Apply compound fertilizer once when new shoots sprout after fruiting, and apply 200g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to each plant. 6.2.5 Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: About 20 days after flowering, when the fruit begins to expand rapidly, apply potassium-magnesium fertilizer again to strengthen the fruit and improve the quality. 6.2.6 Winter fertilizer: In December, apply 20kg to 30kg of high-quality organic fertilizer such as poultry and livestock manure to each plant. 6.2.7 Fertilization method: Base fertilizer is applied in holes, and chemical fertilizer is applied in side ditches. Dig fertilizer holes or fertilizer ditches at the drip line of the crown. The depth of the fertilizer holes or fertilizer ditches is 15cm to 20cm, and cover with soil after application. The location of base fertilizer hole application should be changed frequently. 6.2.8 Foliar fertilizer: In addition to soil fertilization, foliar fertilizer should be applied 1 to 3 times during the greening period of new shoots, bud period, young fruit period, and fruit expansion period according to the growth status of the tree, with an interval of 7d to 10d. Spray 0.5% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the leaves, or other foliar fertilizers. 7 Tree Management
7.1 Pruning
Pruning is mainly done in winter, mainly to thin out excessive large branches, and appropriately thin out ineffective branches such as overcrowded branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and dead branches. After picking fruits, senescent branches should be appropriately shortened to cultivate strong new shoots. During the greening period of new shoots, thin out long branches and overcrowded branches, and bend the more upright new branches at noon on sunny days. When pruning, avoid excessive pruning to prevent the main trunk or backbone branches from being sunburned by the scorching sun; try to keep the drooping branches that are easy to bear fruit, appropriately control the straight branches, control the upper branches and promote the lower branches, prevent the crown from being too high and too dense, so that the main branches, secondary branches, and other branches are evenly and reasonably distributed, and the umbrella-shaped crown with ventilation and light transmission is maintained. The crown height and crown width are preferably controlled to be less than 2.5m. 7.2 Bagging to protect fruits
7.2.1 Bagging period: Bagging should be carried out when the young fruits develop to a horizontal diameter of 2cm~3cm. 7.2.2 Bagging materials: Use bags made of non-woven fabrics, or special paper bags for fruit bagging, with a size of 20cm×30cm. 7.2.3 Bagging method: Spray insecticides and fungicides throughout the garden before bagging, and put on bags and tie them together with the fruit branches after the dew dries in the morning. Each batch of bags must be labeled with the date, or marked with different materials to distinguish them for easy harvesting. 8 Pest and disease control
8.1 Main pests and diseases
8.1.1 Diseases: red spot, anthracnose, white feather disease, bacterial brown spot, wilt, red clothes disease and sooty mold, etc. 8.1.2 Pests: bird feather moths, leaf rollers, thrips, fruit flies, scale insects, red spiders and star beetles, etc. 8.2 Principles of prevention and control: Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated prevention and control", and adhere to the principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary" for pest and disease control. 8.3 Agricultural prevention and control
8.3.1 Select high-quality varieties with strong adaptability and resistance to pests and diseases according to local conditions. 8.3.2 Strengthen fertilizer and water management to make plants grow strong and improve their resistance to pests and diseases. 8.3.3 In the process of garden construction and cultivation management, comprehensively use technologies such as protective forest belts, intercropping between rows or grass growing to reduce the source of diseases and insects and create an ecological environment that is conducive to the growth of carambola and the survival of natural enemies but not conducive to the breeding of diseases and insects, so as to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. 8.3.4 Use a balanced formula for fertilization, increase the application of ecological organic compound fertilizers or fully decomposed organic fertilizers, use less chemical fertilizers, and create a good soil structure.
8.3.5 Release the shoots at the right time to make the phenological period uniform, avoid the peak period of pests and diseases, and facilitate unified spraying and control. 8.3.6 Remove cross branches, overcrowded branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, leaves, flowers and fruits through pruning during the period of star fruit growth, flowering and fruiting, and after fruit harvesting, and carry out centralized harmless treatment, strengthen winter garden cleaning, and reduce the sources of disease infection and insect sources. 8.4 Physical control
8.4.1 Use insect trap lights to kill nocturnal pests. 8.4.2 Use yellow boards, blue boards and white boards to kill pests. 8.4.3 Pay attention to the application of fruit bagging technology.
8.5 Biological control
8.5.1 Implement mechanical and manual weeding as much as possible, and plant nectar plants around the orchard to create an ecological environment conducive to the reproduction of natural enemies. 8.5.2 Give priority to the use of microbial and plant-based biological pesticides. 8.5.3 Use pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies such as predatory mites, aphid flies and mite-eating ladybugs. 8.5.4 Artificially release predatory or parasitic natural enemies. 8.6 Rational application of pesticides
8.6.1 It is recommended to use microbial insecticides, botanical insecticides, mineral insecticides, insect growth regulators and low-toxic and low-residue organic pesticides.
8.6.2 Pesticides that have not been registered by relevant national departments shall not be used. 8.6.3 List of pesticides that are not allowed to be used
Hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, insecticide, dibromoethane, herbicide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, lead, diclofenac, fluoroacetamide, chlorfenapyr, tetrathion, sodium fluoroacetate, tetrathion, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, phosphamidon, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, phosphamidon, idemophos, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorfenapyr, and fenamiphos.
NY/T 5183—2002
8.6.4 Refer to the relevant pesticide use guidelines and regulations in GB4285 and GB/T8321, and strictly control the application dosage, number of consecutive uses, application methods and safe intervals.
8.6.5 Different types of pesticides should be used alternately. 8.6.6 Understand the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases and the effective periods of different pesticides, select appropriate types of pesticides, the best prevention and control period, and efficient application technology to achieve the best results. At the same time, understand the toxicity of pesticides, use selective pesticides, reduce the harm to humans, livestock, natural enemies, and the pollution to products and the environment.
8.7 Prevention and control of carambola pests and diseases
Select appropriate agents for prevention and control according to the occurrence of carambola pests and diseases. Other general prevention and control measures are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Table 1 General control measures for the main diseases of carambola
Main control targets
Red spot
Anthracnose
White feather disease
Red coat disease
Bacterial brown spot
Wilt
Sooty mold
Main control targets
Bird feather moth
Leaf rollers
Scale insects
Fruits
Red spider
Star beetle
Strengthen management and enhance tree vigor;
General control measures
Increase the application of organic fertilizer and prevent excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer;
Clear the garden in winter and spring, and burn the diseased branches, dead branches, diseased leaves, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and rotten fruits in a concentrated manner. Clean the garden in winter and summer by pruning, and remove the diseased branches, dead branches and diseased leaves. Leaves and fallen leaves should be burned in a centralized manner; mechanical damage should be prevented during fruit picking and packaging; drainage should be strengthened and flooding of fields should be avoided;
diseased plants should be removed;
organic fertilizer should be applied more frequently
pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
fruit should be protected by bagging
quarantine should be strengthened;
water should be removed from the orchard in a timely manner;
organic fertilizer should be applied only after it is ripe;
diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner and burned in a centralized manner; lime should be applied to the original holes to strengthen the prevention and control of pests such as scale insects and aphids; pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
Table 2 General control measures for the main insect pests of carambola
General control measures
winter garden cleaning;
regular inter-cultivation and weeding
timely removal of fallen and rotten fruits on the ground, and burying them to 50 cm or more in the soil; use black light to kill adults from the beginning of the moth stage to clean the orchard;
fruit bagging
strengthen quarantine:
winter garden cleaning, winter tillage to kill pupae; remove the damaged fruits as soon as possible, bury them deeply in the soil below 50cm, or burn them; fruit bagging
strengthen management and increase the application of organic fertilizer; winter garden cleaning and garden cleaning to make the orchard clean and hygienic
pruning, garden cleaning, whitewashing tree trunks;
manual killing of adults;
assassination of eggs and larvae
9 Harvesting
NY/T5183--2002
9.1 Harvest in stages and batches according to use and market needs. When selling or processing preserved fruits in distant places, green fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe and the color is light green and slightly yellow; when selling or processing juice locally, red fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are fully ripe and the color turns to red-yellow waxy color and the flavor is the best. 9.2 The fruits should be harvested without damage, and mechanical damage and exposure to the sun should be avoided during the entire harvesting process. Harvesting should be done on sunny or cloudy days, and not on rainy days or in the hot sun at noon.
9.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 9.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 3094 Refer to the relevant pesticide use guidelines and regulations in GB4285 and GB/T8321, and strictly control the application dosage, number of consecutive uses, application methods and safe intervals.
8.6.5 Different types of pesticides should be used alternately. 8.6.6 Understand the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases and the effective periods of different pesticides, select appropriate types of pesticides, the best prevention and control period, and efficient application technology to achieve the best results. At the same time, understand the toxicity of pesticides, use selective pesticides, reduce the harm to humans, livestock, natural enemies, and the pollution to products and the environment.
8.7 Carambola pest control
Select appropriate agents for prevention and control according to the occurrence of carambola pests and diseases. Other general prevention and control measures are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Table 1 General control measures for the main diseases of carambola
Main control targets
Red spot
Anthracnose
White feather disease
Red coat disease
Bacterial brown spot
Wilt
Sooty mold
Main control targets
Bird feather moth
Leaf rollers
Scale insects
Fruits
Red spider
Star beetle
Strengthen management and enhance tree vigor;
General control measures
Increase the application of organic fertilizer and prevent excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer;
Clear the garden in winter and spring, and burn the diseased branches, dead branches, diseased leaves, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and rotten fruits in a concentrated manner. Clean the garden in winter and summer by pruning, and remove the diseased branches, dead branches and diseased leaves. Leaves and fallen leaves should be burned in a centralized manner; mechanical damage should be prevented during fruit picking and packaging; drainage should be strengthened and flooding of fields should be avoided;
diseased plants should be removed;
organic fertilizer should be applied more frequently
pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
fruit should be protected by bagging
quarantine should be strengthened;
water should be removed from the orchard in a timely manner;
organic fertilizer should be applied only after it is ripe;
diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner and burned in a centralized manner; lime should be applied to the original holes to strengthen the prevention and control of pests such as scale insects and aphids; pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
Table 2 General control measures for the main insect pests of carambola
General control measures
winter garden cleaning;
regular inter-cultivation and weeding
timely removal of fallen and rotten fruits on the ground, and burying them to 50 cm or more in the soil; use black light to kill adults from the beginning of the moth stage to clean the orchard;
fruit bagging
strengthen quarantine:
winter garden cleaning, winter tillage to kill pupae; remove the damaged fruits as soon as possible, bury them deeply in the soil below 50cm, or burn them; fruit bagging
strengthen management and increase the application of organic fertilizer; winter garden cleaning and garden cleaning to make the orchard clean and hygienic
pruning, garden cleaning, whitewashing tree trunks;
manual killing of adults;
assassination of eggs and larvae
9 Harvesting
NY/T5183--2002
9.1 Harvest in stages and batches according to use and market needs. When selling or processing preserved fruits in distant places, green fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe and the color is light green and slightly yellow; when selling or processing juice locally, red fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are fully ripe and the color turns to red-yellow waxy color and the flavor is the best. 9.2 The fruits should be harvested without damage, and mechanical damage and exposure to the sun should be avoided during the entire harvesting process. Harvesting should be done on sunny or cloudy days, and not on rainy days or in the hot sun at noon.
9.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 9.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 3094 Refer to the relevant pesticide use guidelines and regulations in GB4285 and GB/T8321, and strictly control the application dosage, number of consecutive uses, application methods and safe intervals.
8.6.5 Different types of pesticides should be used alternately. 8.6.6 Understand the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases and the effective periods of different pesticides, select appropriate types of pesticides, the best prevention and control period, and efficient application technology to achieve the best results. At the same time, understand the toxicity of pesticides, use selective pesticides, reduce the harm to humans, livestock, natural enemies, and the pollution to products and the environment.
8.7 Carambola pest control
Select appropriate agents for prevention and control according to the occurrence of carambola pests and diseases. Other general prevention and control measures are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Table 1 General control measures for the main diseases of carambola
Main control targets
Red spot
Anthracnose
White feather disease
Red coat disease
Bacterial brown spot
Wilt
Sooty mold
Main control targets
Bird feather moth
Leaf rollers
Scale insects
Fruits
Red spider
Star beetle
Strengthen management and enhance tree vigor;bzxz.net
General control measures
Increase the application of organic fertilizer and prevent excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer;
Clear the garden in winter and spring, and burn the diseased branches, dead branches, diseased leaves, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and rotten fruits in a concentrated manner. Clean the garden in winter and summer by pruning, and remove the diseased branches, dead branches and diseased leaves. Leaves and fallen leaves should be burned in a centralized manner; mechanical damage should be prevented during fruit picking and packaging; drainage should be strengthened and flooding of fields should be avoided;
diseased plants should be removed;
organic fertilizer should be applied more frequently
pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
fruit should be protected by bagging
quarantine should be strengthened;
water should be removed from the orchard in a timely manner;
organic fertilizer should be applied only after it is ripe;
diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner and burned in a centralized manner; lime should be applied to the original holes to strengthen the prevention and control of pests such as scale insects and aphids; pruning should be strengthened to make the orchard ventilated and light-permeable
Table 2 General control measures for the main insect pests of carambola
General control measures
winter garden cleaning;
regular inter-cultivation and weeding
timely removal of fallen and rotten fruits on the ground, and burying them to 50 cm or more in the soil; use black light to kill adults from the beginning of the moth stage to clean the orchard;
fruit bagging
strengthen quarantine:
winter garden cleaning, winter tillage to kill pupae; remove the damaged fruits as soon as possible, bury them deeply in the soil below 50cm, or burn them; fruit bagging
strengthen management and increase the application of organic fertilizer; winter garden cleaning and garden cleaning to make the orchard clean and hygienic
pruning, garden cleaning, whitewashing tree trunks;
manual killing of adults;
assassination of eggs and larvae
9 Harvesting
NY/T5183--2002
9.1 Harvest in stages and batches according to use and market needs. When selling or processing preserved fruits in distant places, green fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe and the color is light green and slightly yellow; when selling or processing juice locally, red fruits should be harvested, that is, when the fruits are fully ripe and the color turns to red-yellow waxy color and the flavor is the best. 9.2 The fruits should be harvested without damage, and mechanical damage and exposure to the sun should be avoided during the entire harvesting process. Harvesting should be done on sunny or cloudy days, and not on rainy days or in the hot sun at noon.
9.3 After harvesting, the fruits should be graded, packaged, stored and transported for freshness preservation within 24 hours. 9.4 After harvesting, the fields should be cleaned in time and harmless treatment should be carried out in a centralized manner. 309
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