Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Method of bed test of gasoline enginefor motorcycles and mopeds
Subject content and scope of application
GB/T5363-—1995
Replaces GB5363—85
This standard specifies the methods for bed test of gasoline engine for motorcycles and mopeds on the performance test, reliability test and durability test on the bed.
This standard applies to the bed test of reciprocating piston gasoline engine for motorcycles and mopeds (hereinafter referred to as engine). 2 Reference standards
GB1105.1 Internal combustion engine bench performance test method Standard environmental conditions and calibration of power, fuel consumption and oil consumption GB5361 Cleanliness measurement method for motorcycle and moped gasoline engines GB5364 Regular quality inspection regulations for motorcycle and moped gasoline engines GB/T5466 Measurement method for motorcycle exhaust pollutants Rapid method GB5467 Noise measurement method for motorcycle and moped GB5360
General technical conditions for motorcycle and moped gasoline engines 3 Test conditions
3.1 Standard environmental conditions
Standard environmental conditions are in accordance with the relevant provisions in GB1105.1. 3.2 Accessories
During the test, the engine must be equipped with all accessories under actual use conditions. If it is equipped with a charging and lighting generator or a charging and lighting coil in the magneto, it can be placed in a no-load state. The accessories carried should be recorded in detail in the corresponding test record sheet and test report. 3.3'Determination of output power
The output power is measured from the engine crankshaft. When the engine structure does not allow, it is measured from the corresponding output shaft of the engine, and its transmission efficiency shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB5360.
3.4Adjustment of the engine
3.4.1During the type test and factory test, the ignition advance angle, breaker contact gap, spark plug gap, intake valve and exhaust valve gap, carburetor and other technical conditions of the engine shall be adjusted once in accordance with the manufacturer's regulations before the test, and no further adjustment shall be made during the performance test.
3.4.2During the regular quality inspection test and acceptance test, the technical conditions adjusted when the engine leaves the factory shall be followed, and no further adjustment shall be made before the test.
3.5Installation of the engine
The engine shall be installed on the test bench according to the installation angle when it is used, and the exhaust gas shall be discharged into the atmosphere. If the exhaust muffler of the engine is connected to the exhaust outlet system of the test room through the exhaust outlet pipe, the pressure generated by the exhaust outlet system of the test room at the exhaust outlet pipe shall not differ from the atmospheric pressure by more than ±740Pa.
3.6 Running-in
Before the test, the engine shall be run-in according to the running-in specifications specified by the manufacturer. 3.7 Cooling of the engine
3.7.1 When testing a naturally air-cooled engine, an external air source shall be used for cooling. The direction of the cooling air shall generally be consistent with the direction of the headwind to which the engine is subjected when the vehicle is driving, and the outlet area of the cooling fan shall not be less than the area of the positive projection of the windward surface of the engine. In principle, when testing a forced air-cooled engine, its own cooling system shall be used, and an external air source may be used to cool accessories such as the exhaust pipe and muffler.
3.7.2 When testing a water-cooled engine, its own cooling circulation system shall be used for cooling. When the radiator cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements, it is allowed to add an external wind source to blow the radiator or use external circulation for cooling, but the circulation of the coolant shall only rely on the engine's own water pump. If the fan of an engine with a cooling fan cannot be installed on the engine under test, the power absorbed by the fan shall be measured at the same speed as the engine power, and the power shall be subtracted from the measured engine power value. 3.8 Engine preheating, parameter stability and measurement requirements 3.8.1 The engine shall be preheated before the test. The air-cooled engine shall be preheated to the spark plug gasket temperature within the range specified by the manufacturer. If there is no specification, it shall be preheated to not less than 373K (100℃). The water-cooled engine shall be preheated to the coolant outlet temperature of 353±5K (80±5℃). The lubricating oil temperature shall be preheated to the range specified by the manufacturer. 3.8.2 The performance parameters shall be measured after the engine has been running stably for 30s. 3.8.3 Each operating point shall be measured twice, and the error between the two times shall be less than 2%. 3.8.4 For the measurement of fuel consumption, the measurement time shall be greater than 20s for manual measurement and greater than 10s for automatic measurement. 3.9 Temperature control
During the test, the spark plug gasket temperature, lubricating oil temperature and coolant outlet temperature shall be controlled within the range specified by the manufacturer. 3.10 Fuel and lubricating oil
The fuel and lubricating oil used in the test shall be of the brand specified by the manufacturer, and shall be tested according to relevant standards when necessary. 3.11 Test instruments and equipment
Before the test, the test instruments and equipment shall be inspected and calibrated, and shall have a calibration certificate. 3.12 Measurement location of main parameters and accuracy of instruments and equipment 3.12.1 The measurement location of main parameters shall be in accordance with Table 1. Table 1
Measurement items
Atmospheric pressure (absolute) and relative humidity
Compression pressure
Intake air temperature
External cooling wind speed
Exhaust outlet pipe pressure
Spark plug gasket temperature
Coolant temperature
Lubricating oil temperature
Lubricating oil pressure
The accuracy of instruments and equipment shall be as per Table 2.
Measurement position
Measure in the test room, away from direct sunlight and heat radiation. At the spark plug hole.
Measure along the axis of the air filter inlet, within 0.15m from the air inlet. The sensor should be installed against the airflow, with the end located in the center of the airflow and shielded. Measure at 0.2m from the engine on the windward side. Measure at 0.05m from the exhaust muffler tail pipe outlet. The end face of the conduit connected to the pressure gauge is flush with the inner wall of the exhaust outlet pipe.
At the spark plug gasket
At the coolant outlet
At the middle part of the lubricating oil depth in the crankcase and At the location specified by the manufacturer
Dynamometer
Tachometer
Timer
Instruments and equipment
Volumetric fuel consumption meter
Densitometer
Atmospheric pressure gauge
Cylinder pressure gauge
Thermometer
Gasket type thermocouple thermometer
Hygrometer
Micromanometer
Exhaust gas analyzer
Sound level meter
Pressure gauge
Performance test method
4.1 Starting performance test
GB/T 5363--1995
Full scale value 5%
4.1.1During the test, the dynamometer shall not be connected. The engine shall be started in the starting mode specified in the product manual. For engines with both electric starting and pedal starting modes, both modes shall be tested. When using pedal starting, the starting time shall be measured from the start of the starting operation to the time when the engine starts to run automatically (excluding the auxiliary operation time before starting, but including the time of starting failure and the auxiliary operation time between each start) and the number of starts (each time the pedal is stepped down or the angle of the starting pedal in the starting direction is greater than 90°, it is considered a start). When using an electric motor to start, the starting time and the number of starts shall be measured from the time when the starter motor is connected to the time when the engine starts to run automatically.
If the starting test cannot be carried out on the test bench due to the limitations of the engine structure and starting mode, the engine may be mounted on a matching frame. The test method and requirements are the same as above. Record lubricating oil temperature, starting time, number of starts and atmospheric state parameters. 4.1.2 Cold engine start: Carry out at an ambient temperature not lower than 263K (-10℃). Before the test, place the engine together with fuel, lubricating oil, and fully charged batteries (only for those started by batteries) at the above ambient temperature, and conduct the test after the temperature reaches equilibrium (temperature difference is not greater than 1K).
4.1.3 Hot engine start: Preheat the engine until the spark plug gasket temperature reaches 413K (140℃), then stop the engine and immediately conduct the starting test.
4.2 Minimum no-load stable speed (rapid speed) test GB/T5363-1995
During the test, the dynamometer is not connected. Put the transmission in neutral or the clutch in the disengaged state, adjust the throttle opening so that the speed is at the rapid speed specified by the manufacturer, run at this speed for 10 minutes, measure the speed every 2 minutes, and then suddenly open the throttle to see if it stalls. Calculate its speed fluctuation rate.
The speed fluctuation rate is calculated according to formula (1):
nmax (or nmain)
Where:
mountain-speed fluctuation rate,%;
max (or nmin)-
the maximum or minimum speed measured within 5 minutes, r/min;-average speed, r/min.
The average speed is calculated according to formula (2):
Where: k-number of speed measurements;
n.—the i-th speed measurement value, r/min. k
If this test cannot be carried out on the test bench, it is allowed to install the engine on the matching frame. 4.3 Speed characteristic test
4.3.1 Full load speed characteristic
(1)
·(2)
When conducting the full load speed characteristic test, fix the throttle at the full open position so that the engine speed is at the speed of maximum power, then gradually increase the load and reduce the speed, and select no less than 6 speed points (including the maximum power speed point, the rated power speed point, the maximum torque speed point and the minimum fuel consumption speed point) within the speed range that can operate stably for testing. 4.3.2 Partial load speed characteristics
When conducting the partial load speed characteristics test, the throttle is fixed at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the rated power position at the rated speed (25% of the rated power of the engine with a total displacement of not more than 50mL may not be tested), the load is gradually increased, the speed is reduced, and no less than 6 speed points are selected within the speed range that can be operated stably for testing. During the speed characteristics test, the speed, torque, fuel consumption, spark plug gasket temperature and environmental condition parameters are measured. The remaining parameters (coolant temperature, lubricating oil temperature, lubricating oil pressure, etc.) are measured as appropriate. 4.4 Universal characteristics test
Use the speed characteristics method or the load characteristics method to conduct the universal characteristics test, either of which can be selected. 4.4.1 Speed characteristics method: According to the percentage of the rated power at the rated speed, select no less than 8 throttle openings, and conduct the speed characteristics test at the selected throttle openings according to the method in Article 4.3. 4.4.2 Load characteristic method: In the speed range where the engine can run stably, select more than 8 speeds, keep the engine speed unchanged at various speeds, select no less than 6 load points for each speed, change the load and throttle opening, and conduct load characteristic test. During the universal characteristic test, measure the speed, torque, fuel consumption, spark plug gasket temperature and environmental condition parameters. Other parameters (coolant temperature, lubricating oil temperature, lubricating oil pressure, etc.) are measured as appropriate. 4.5 Cylinder operation uniformity test
Use the single cylinder flameout method to determine the unevenness of the power of each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine. During the test, fix the throttle at the calibrated working position, wait for the operation to stabilize, stop one cylinder in turn (unplug the spark plug high-voltage wire), then reduce the load to restore the speed to the calibrated speed, and measure the power. The indicated power of each cylinder is calculated according to formula (3):
P, = Ped — Pet
Where: P, — indicated power of the i-th cylinder (stopped working cylinder), kW; Ped
Rated power, kW,
P. — Power measured after the i-th cylinder stops working, kW. The unevenness of the operation of each cylinder is calculated according to formula (4): imax (or Pimin)
The maximum value (or minimum value) of the indicated power of each cylinder, kW; Where: Ptmax (or Pimin)-——
PThe average value of the indicated power of each cylinder, kW;
ε——The unevenness of the power of each cylinder, %.
4.6 Lubricating oil consumption rate measurement test
4.6.1 Measurement of lubricating oil consumption rate of four-stroke engine. (3)
(4)
Add new lubricating oil to the upper limit of the engine lubricating oil dipstick and start preheating. Adjust the engine to 75% rated power at rated speed, wait for the lubricating oil temperature to stabilize, adjust the engine to 50% rated power and 80% rated speed, operate for 3 minutes, then stop the engine, immediately rotate the crankshaft, rotate the crankshaft clockwise for one circle within 1 minute and continue to rotate to the top dead center of the first cylinder. Remove the drain plug, drain the oil accurately for 15 minutes, then reinstall the plug, weigh the total weight of the drained lubricating oil, container, and funnel G1. Pour the oil back into the engine (keep the unemptied lubricating oil and container: funnel to prevent contamination), start the engine immediately, quickly adjust the engine to 75% rated power, operate at rated speed for 8 hours, adjust the engine to 50% rated power and 80% rated speed, operate for 3 minutes, then stop the engine, rotate the crankshaft and drain the oil (using the original container and funnel) as described above, and weigh the total weight of the drained lubricating oil, container, and funnel G2.
The amount of lubricating oil consumed is calculated according to formula (5):
G=G-G2
Wherein: G--the amount of lubricating oil consumed, g;
G1--the total weight of lubricating oil, container and funnel before operation, g; G--the total weight of lubricating oil, container and funnel after operation, g. Calculate the lubricating oil consumption rate using the corrected power. 4.6.2 Determination of lubricating oil consumption rate of two-stroke engine with separate lubrication (5)
The engine is started and preheated according to 3.8.1 and then stopped. Lubricating oil is added to the upper limit of the lubricating oil tank and weighed. Restart and quickly adjust to 75% of the rated power condition at the rated speed and operate for 8 hours. Then reduce the load, adjust the speed to the idle speed and operate for 3 minutes before stopping. Accurately measure the amount of lubricating oil consumed before and after the test. Calculate the lubricating oil consumption rate using the corrected power. 4.6.3 Determination of lubricating oil consumption of mixed lubrication two-stroke engine After the engine is started and preheated according to 3.8.1, it is quickly adjusted to 75% of the rated power condition at the rated speed and operated for 8 hours. Then the load is reduced, the speed is adjusted to a rapid speed and operated for 3 minutes before stopping. The mixed oil consumption Go from preheating to the final stop is accurately measured. The amount of lubricating oil consumed is calculated according to formula (6): G = G × + i
GB/T 5363-1995
Where: K is the volumetric mixing ratio of gasoline and lubricating oil. 4.7 Determination of mechanical efficiency
Depending on the model and dynamometer, the hot reverse drag method or the single cylinder flameout method can be selected to determine the mechanical efficiency. It is recommended to use the hot reverse drag method first, and the method to be used should be stated in the test report. 4.7.1 Hot reverse drag method
Before the test, the reaction engine is operated at the rated condition for 30 minutes and then the ignition is stopped, and the test is carried out immediately. During the test, the throttle is placed in the full open position, and the four-stroke engine stops supplying oil. The same speed point as the full-load speed characteristic test is selected, and the speed and dynamometer load of each point are measured by dragging the engine from low speed to high speed using an electric dynamometer. The test should be completed within 3 minutes after the engine is turned off. The mechanical power loss curve and mechanical efficiency curve are prepared.
The mechanical efficiency is calculated according to formula (7):
Where: P——effective power under the selected working condition, kW; Pm-—mechanical power loss under the selected working condition, kW. 4.7.2 Single cylinder flameout method
The test method is carried out in accordance with Article 4.5.
The mechanical efficiency is calculated according to formula (8):
×100%
m = Pn+ Pu + P.+ ...+ P, 00%Where: P. —effective power under the selected working condition, kW, respectively, are the indicated power of each cylinder under the selected working condition, kW. Pi~P---
4.8 Rapid emission pollutant determination
Rapid emission pollutant determination shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T5466. 4.9 Noise determination
The noise of the engine shall be measured along with the whole vehicle in accordance with the provisions of GB5467. 5 Reliability test
(7)
5.1 Running-in
Perform running-in in accordance with the manufacturer's running-in specifications and record in detail the number, phenomenon and cause of failures during running-in, and replace the lubricating oil. 5.2 Performance test
The test items shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 4.4 of GB5360. The test method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of this standard. The test results shall reach the specified value of the enterprise standard, otherwise the test shall be terminated. 5.3 Reliability test
5.3.1 The operating time of the reliability test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB5360. 5.3.2 The cycle of the reliability test operating conditions is specified in Table 3. 246
Maximum power speed
Maximum power speed
GB/T5363—1995
Throttle opening
→Throttle opening
Operation time
5.3.3 The reliability test shall be carried out continuously, with the engine stopped every 10 hours. In addition to the maintenance of the engine as specified in the instruction manual, it is allowed to replace the lubricating oil, remove carbon deposits, check and adjust the spark plugs, breaker contacts and valve clearance, clean the gearbox, carburetor, muffler, lubricating oil filter and air filter, and check the tightness of each part. For four-stroke engines with a displacement greater than 400mL, it is allowed to stop and check or add lubricating oil according to enterprise standards. 5.3.4 During the test, various conditions found during engine operation and shutdown maintenance should be recorded in detail: the number of shutdown failures, failure phenomena and causes, the names and quantities of non-main parts replaced (including shutdown maintenance), damage to major parts, etc. During the test, the speed, torque, fuel consumption, spark plug gasket temperature, etc. shall be measured at least once every 1 hour, and the ambient temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded once for each cycle.
5.3.5 If any of the items in GB5360 regarding the determination of reliability test failure occurs during the test, the test shall be terminated. 5.4, Reliability determination
After the reliability test, determine whether it is qualified in accordance with the provisions of GB5360. 6 Durability test
6.1 Running-in
Carry out running-in according to the manufacturer's running-in specifications, record the number, phenomenon and cause of failures during the running-in period in detail, and replace the lubricating oil. 6.2 Performance test
The test items shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB5360. The test method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of this standard. The test results shall reach the specified values of the enterprise standard, otherwise the test shall be terminated.
6.3 Durability test
6.3.1 The operating time of the durability test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB5360. 6.3.2 The cycle rules of the durability test operating conditions shall be in accordance with Table 4. Table 4
Maximum power speed
Maximum power speed
Throttle opening
《Throttle opening
Operation time
6.3.3 The durability test shall be carried out continuously, and the engine shall be stopped every 10 hours. In addition to the maintenance of the engine as specified in the instruction manual, it is allowed to replace the lubricating oil, remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, piston top, piston ring and exhaust muffler, check and adjust the clearance of each part, clean the gearbox, carburetor, muffler, lubricating oil filter and air filter, and check the tightness of each part. For four-stroke engines with a displacement greater than 400mL, it is allowed to stop the engine for inspection or replenish lubricating oil according to enterprise standards. 6.3.4 During the test, various situations found during the operation and shutdown maintenance of the engine shall be recorded in detail: the number of shutdown failures, failure phenomena and causes, the names and quantities of non-major parts replaced (including shutdown maintenance and disassembly after the end of the durability test), and the damage of major parts.
During the test, the speed, torque, fuel consumption, spark plug gasket temperature, etc. shall be measured at least once every 1 hour, and the ambient temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded once in each cycle.
GB/T 53631995
6.3.5 If any of the items in GB5360 regarding the determination of failure in the durability test occurs during the test, the test shall be terminated. 6.4 Performance retest
After the durability test, maintenance and adjustment shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 6.3.3 to make the status of each part of the engine the same as that during the initial performance test. Repeat the test content of Article 6.2.
6.5 After the durability test, the qualification shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of GB5360. 7 Correction of effective power
7.1 When the engine is tested under non-standard environmental conditions, its effective power shall be corrected to the standard environmental conditions. 7.2 Correction of effective power P is calculated according to formulas (9) and (10). αg· P.
αg= Zeng]
（298
Wherein: P.——Effective power under standard environmental conditions, kW; P.Effective power under on-site environmental conditions, kW; Power correction coefficient of gasoline engine of equal fuel quantity method; a
T—Ambient temperature under on-site environmental conditions, K; P.——Dry air pressure under on-site environmental conditions, kPa. P,=P-Φ·Paw
Wherein: P——Atmospheric pressure under on-site environmental conditions, kPa; $——Relative humidity under on-site environmental conditions; d.Psw
Saturated vapor pressure under on-site environmental conditions, kPa; See Appendix D (reference) for numerical values. (9)
（10）
（11）
Formula (9) is only applicable when 0.93≤α≤1.07,288K≤T<308K and 80kPa≤P.≤110kPa. Otherwise, the on-site environmental conditions during the test should be described in detail in the test report. 7.3 The fuel consumption rate is not corrected and is calculated according to the actual measured value. 8 Test report
The test report should include the following:
8.1 Engine technical specifications
Model:
Cylinder diameter:
Total displacement:
Maximum torque:
Minimum no-load stable speed (faster):
Minimum fuel consumption rate ：
Lubricating oil consumption rate:
Uneven power rate of each cylinder:
Gasoline brand:
Compression ratio:
N·m/(r/min)
g/(kw·h)
g/(kw·h)
Type:
Piston stroke:
Rated power:
Lubricating oil brand:
Valve timing:
kW/(r/min)
Scavenging method:
Intake method:
Spark plug gap:
Volume mixture ratio of gasoline and lubricating oil:
8.2Test Accessories to be taken during the test
Air filter
Carburetor
Magneto
Charging generator
Ignition coil
Spark plug
Exhaust muffler
Exhaust purification device
Cooling fan
Other accessories
8.3 Test equipment, instruments and fuel
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:bzxz.net
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
GB/T 5363—1995
Lubrication method:
Valve configuration:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Model:
Contact gap of circuit breaker:
Ignition advance angle:
Cooling method:
State the name, model and accuracy of the test equipment and instruments used, the brand of fuel and lubricating oil used, and attach the oil test sheet if necessary. 8.4. Test items and test results
State the test items and test results conducted, and give the test conclusions. The test results list the following data: Starting time:
Minimum no-load stable speed (rapid):
Maximum power and corresponding speed:
Rated power and corresponding speed:
Maximum torque and corresponding speed:
Minimum fuel consumption rate:
Lubricating oil consumption rate:
Uneven working rate of each cylinder:
Mechanical efficiency:
Number of successful starts:
Note: It can be increased or decreased according to the situation.
r/min;
kW/(r/min);
kW/(r/min);
N - m/(r/min);
g/(kw.h);
g/(kW·h);
The durability test shall also give the statistical data such as the percentage of performance parameter changes before and after the test, the number of shutdown failures, the names and quantities of non-main parts replaced, and the damage of main parts. 8.5 Drawing curves
Draw the speed characteristic curves and universal characteristic curves under full load and partial load. The durability test shall draw the same characteristic curves before and after the test in one graph. The characteristic curves shall be drawn with the corrected power and torque. 8.6 Appendix
Include the test data and other information as an appendix in the test report. 9 Test record sheet
9.1 The engine bench test record sheet is shown in Appendix A (Supplement). 9.2 The engine starting performance, minimum no-load stable speed, and idle emission pollutant measurement record table are shown in Appendix B (Supplement). 9.3 For the engine reliability, durability and test failure record table, see Appendix C (supplement). 249
Engine manufacturer:
Carburetor model
Dynamometer
Record items
Crankshaft speed
Dynamometer reading
GB/T 53631995
Appendix A
Engine bench test record
(Supplement)
Lubricating oil brand
Mixed oil ratio (volume)
Major condition
Test name
Effective power
Replacement of standard gas
Wing standard condition
Atmospheric condition
Atmospheric pressure
Relative humidity
Correction coefficient
Fuel consumption
Fuel consumption
Fuel consumption rate
Test time and place personnel
Fireworks cold pad
kg/hg/(kw·h>| |tt||Engine manufacturer:
Test location:
Environmental conditions
Atmospheric pressure
Tester:
Manufacturer name:
GB/T5363—1995
Appendix B
Engine starting performance, minimum no-load stable speed, rapid emission pollutant measurement record form (supplement)
Model:
Test time:
Starting time
No.:
Record:
Gasoline brand:
Speed fluctuation rate
Lubricating oil brand:
Rapid performance
Continuous stability
Operation time
Appendix C
Suddenly increase the throttle
Is the engine stalled
Mixture ratio:
Audit:
Engine reliability and durability test fault record table (supplement)
Engine model:
Fault occurrence time
Tester:
Parts name
Fault description
Record:
No.:
Fault cause analysis
Audit:
Test date:
Troubleshooting measures
Additional instructions:
GB/T5363-—1995
Appendix D
Partial pressure of water vapor at different ambient temperatures T and relative humidity (reference)
p·Psw, kPa
This standard is proposed by China National Automotive Industry Corporation. 0.8
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automobile Standardization. This standard was drafted by Tianjin Motorcycle Engine Research Institute. 0.6
The main drafters of this standard are Wang Yanqi, Fang Chunyu, Jiang Yuhong, Du Zhanjun and Liu Zhikang. 0.4
From the date of implementation of this standard, ZB/T81001-87 "Bench test methods for light motorcycles and gasoline engines" will be invalid. 252
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