GB 16366-1996 Radiation protection standard for the production of gas lamp screens
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radiological health protection standards for producing gas mantlesSubject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the principles and requirements for radiological health protection in the production of gas mantlesGB16366-1996
This standard applies to the production of gas mantles, and its product sales, storage, transportation and radioactive waste treatment can be referred to for implementation. 2 Referenced standards
GB4792 Basic standards for radiological health protection
GB8703 Radiation protection regulations
GB11806 Regulations on the safe transportation of radioactive materialsGB16353 Radiological health protection standards for consumer products containing radioactive materials3 Basic requirements for radiological protection
3.1 In the production of gas mantles, the radiological protection principles of justification of practice, optimization of radiation protection and personal exposure dose not exceeding the limit must be followed.
3.2 The annual dose equivalent limit HL for radiation workers engaged in the production of gas lamp screens is 50mSv. The basic intake or inhalation of radionuclides in a year should not exceed the corresponding annual intake limit (ALI) in Table 1. In order to facilitate monitoring and management, the derived air concentration (DAC) values of radionuclides in radiation work places derived from the basic annual intake limit are also listed in Table 1. Table 1 ALI and DAC values for radiation workers
AI (ingestion), Bq
ALI (inhalation), B
DAC, Bq·m\
1. 9x10 2
22R Ac
Note: The AI.I (inhalation) and DAC values listed in the table are all values of nitrate form (W type). If used for hydroxides and oxides of steel (Y type), the AI.I (inhalation) and DAC values are about twice the values in the table. 3.3 When the short-lived daughters of radium (2°Rn) in the air are expressed in α potential values, the annual intake limit for radiation workers is AIIp-0.06J, or ALIp=15WLM when expressed in cumulative exposure. The corresponding derived air concentration is DAC-2.5×10-5J·m-\, or DAC(EC220Rn)=330Bq·m-3 when expressed in equilibrium equivalent concentration. 3.4 The annual dose equivalent limit H. for non-radiation workers and members of the public is 1/50 of the corresponding value for radiation workers, i.e. 1mSv. From this, the ALI, DAC and derived ingestion concentration (DIC) values for the public can be derived, as shown in Table 2. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1996 and implemented on December 1, 1996
ALI (ingestion), Bq
ALI (inhalation), Bq
DAC, Bq m-3
DIC, Bq · kg-1
Note: Same as the note in Table 1.
GB16366—1996
Table 2 ALI, DAC and DIC values for the public
9.0×10-1
8.6×10-s
6.5×10-1
8.2×10-2
6.8×10~4
3.5 In the case of mixed internal and external irradiation, according to GB4792, the following inequalities should be met The requirements of the formula are as follows: (H)+ZAL
(HL)external
wherein: annual dose equivalent of He external exposure, mSv·al; 1
1.2×10-1
HL--annual dose equivalent limit, which is 50mSv·a-1 and 1mSv·a-1 for radiation workers and members of the public respectively l,-annual intake of radionuclides, Bq·a-1; ALI,--annual intake of radionuclides for radiation workers, Bq·a-1 Annual intake limit of radionuclide i for employees or members of the public, Bq·a-1, 3.6 The surface radioactive contamination levels of equipment, walls, floors, etc. and the body surface and clothing of workers in the workplace where finished or semi-finished products of nitric acid needles or needle-containing gas lamp gauze are operated should be controlled below the values listed in Table 3: Table 3 Derived limit of surface radioactive contamination
Contaminated surface
Hands, skin, underwear, work socks
Work clothes, gloves, work shoes
Equipment, floors, walls
4 Radiation protection requirements for production sites
α-Radioactivity
4×10-1
Bq·cm\2
β-Radioactivity
4×102
4.1 The new construction, reconstruction and expansion of gas lamp gauze production plants should generally be sited, designed and constructed as Class III open radiation work units. The site selection should avoid densely populated urban areas and areas where atmospheric diffusion is extremely unfavorable. 4.2 The workshops in the gas lamp gauze production plant that operate and store nitric acid needles and process needle-containing gas lamp gauze and its semi-finished products are all Class B open radiation workplaces. The construction, reconstruction, expansion and use of these places should comply with the requirements of GB4792. 4.3 The gas lamp gauze production plant should have a dedicated nitric acid needle raw material warehouse, which should be equipped with exhaust fans and a ventilation rate of 4 to 6 times per hour; it should have independent needle immersion (chemical) workshops and needle-containing silk processing workshops. Each workshop should have sufficient area and good convection natural ventilation, or be equipped with exhaust fans, with a ventilation rate of 3 to 4 times per hour.
4.4 Gas lamp gauze production plants should be laid out according to the "radioactive work area" (including nitric acid warehouse, finished gauze warehouse and semi-finished gauze warehouse, radioactive waste storage warehouse; workshops for operating nitric acid needles and processing gas lamp gauze containing needles and semi-finished products; radioactive wastewater treatment sites, etc.), "non-radioactive work area" including bobbin weaving workshop, rayon warehouse, factory office, etc.), living area (including dormitory, canteen, etc.), and sanitary passage rooms (including changing rooms) should be set between the radioactive work area and the non-radioactive work area and living area. 5 Radiation protection requirements for operation
5.1 The nitric acid raw material warehouse should be managed by a dedicated person, and an account registration and custody system for the entry and exit of nitric acid needle raw materials in the warehouse should be established. Non-radioactive items shall not be stored in the warehouse, and unrelated personnel shall not enter. Before entering the warehouse, the staff should start the exhaust fan for 15 minutes before entering, and the stay time in the warehouse should be shortened as much as possible. 5.2 When preparing nitric acid needle solution, protective measures should be taken to prevent nitric acid needle dust from flying and nitric acid needle solution from splashing. When workers prepare nitric acid 166
GB 16366-1996
solution and operate the soaking silk tube, they should wear special work clothes, shoes, hats, gloves, masks and other personal protective equipment; use mechanized or semi-mechanized operation as much as possible, and prohibit bare-hand operation and outdoor drying of the silk tube containing needle yarn. 5.3 The container for holding nitric acid raw materials, the container for preparing nitric acid needle solution and silk tube soaking needle should be placed together after use. If it is to be used for non-radioactive work, it must be decontaminated and cleaned in advance and passed the radioactivity monitoring. The waste liquid generated by cleaning should be discharged into the radioactive wastewater storage tank. 5.4 When workers are engaged in the processing of silk tube containing jade, they should do it in a closed operation box. The operation box is surrounded by glass or plexiglass as the main material, and is equipped with glove cuffs for the operator to reach into the box to operate. The operation box is usually equipped with a centralized exhaust device to form a negative pressure of 100-200Pa in the box to reduce the natural needles with dust and artificial silk scraps flying in the air and being inhaled into the body. 5.5 When processing needle-thread cylinders, the principle of batch, small quantity and frequent turnover should be followed, and the number of semi-finished products containing gauze in the operation box should not exceed 1/3 of the daily operation volume. The workers' operating positions should be kept at an appropriate distance, and the semi-finished product turnover box (barrel) should be placed at a considerable distance from the operator. It is strictly forbidden to take the needle-thread cylinders and gauze semi-finished products out of the workshop for processing, or to entrust outsiders to process them at home. 5.6 Each workshop in the radioactive work area should establish a safety and health protection system. Food and daily necessities should not be brought into the radioactive work area or eat or smoke in the work area. Wet cleaning should be carried out after get off work every day, and workers must wash their hands carefully before leaving work. All personnel entering the radioactive and work areas must first change their work clothes, work shoes and hats in the locker room, and wear dust masks. When leaving, they should take off their work clothes, shoes, hats and masks in the locker room, and they must not be taken out of the radioactive work area. 5.7 The radioactivity level of the radioactive workplaces and their vicinity in the factory area and the radioactive wastewater after storage and treatment should be monitored regularly. The monitoring content and cycle should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4 Monitoring items and cycles
Ten-person monitoring
Monitoring items
Radioactive contamination of workers' hands
Surface radioactive contamination of work clothes, shoes, hats, and masksExternal radiation dose
【Site monitoring
】Ground radioactive contamination
2.2 Exposure rate
13Th specific activity and 2°Rn daughter total α potential in the air2.3
Radioactive wastewater
【Total α specific activity
Total B specific activity
Monitoring near the site
4.1 Exposure rate
.2Total α and total β specific activity of waterbzxZ.net
4.3Specific activity of radioactive substances in air
6Requirements for treatment of radioactive waste
Before discharge
Before discharge
Before leaving get off work every day
Before weekends
No personal dose monitoring elements are sent or received every month
Before weekends
Based on the results of personal dose monitoring, focus on testing some places once in winter and once in summer
Necessary Measure the specific activity of 232Th, 28Th, and 224Ra when necessary. Measure the specific activity of 228Ra when necessary.
Select the nearest residential area and several control points outside the wide area. Select the surface water and wastewater outlets and several control points, once in the wet and dry seasons.
Select the nearest residential area in the dominant downwind direction outside the factory area. 6.1 The radioactive wastewater generated in the production process of gas lamp gauze should be stored in the radioactive wastewater storage pool for more than 15 days and deradiated according to the requirements of GB8703. 6.2 The gas lamp gauze production plant should set up a temporary storage for radioactive solid waste to store solid radioactive wastes such as waste gauze, gauze head debris generated in the production process, and sediment generated in the process of treating radioactive wastewater, and then treat them as low-level solid waste according to the requirements of GB8703. 6.3 The gas lamp gauze production plant should recycle the solid radioactive wastes such as waste gauze, gauze head debris, etc. that may be generated by the gas lamp gauze business unit, and send them to the nitric acid needle production plant for recycling and treatment or send them to the local special radioactive waste storage for storage. 167
GB.16366-1996
7 Radiation protection requirements for product packaging, storage and transportation 7.1 The transportation of gas lamp gauze products and the radioactive raw materials, semi-finished products and radioactive solid waste involved in their production shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB11806, packed in good condition and handled in accordance with the requirements of Type I industrial cargo packages. When the outer packaging of nitric acid needles is made of non-radioactive solid metal material, it can be transported as an exempted cargo package. 7.2 The packaging of gas lamp screens should have the words "This product contains oxidants" etc. 7.3 Wholesalers and distributors should keep and store gas lamp screens properly, and the storage places must be well ventilated. Gas lamp screens should not be distributed or stored together with beverages or food.
7.4 During the transportation of gas lamp screens and the radioactive raw materials, semi-finished products and radioactive solid wastes involved in their production, attention should be paid to the protection of transporters and the public, so that the dose equivalent received by transporters shall not exceed 5mSv per year, and that of members of the public shall not exceed 1mSv per year. When using automobiles for transportation, the radiation level at the driver's seat shall not exceed 0.0 2mSv/h. 7.5 According to the requirements of GB16353, the product instructions of gas lamp screens shall contain the following text: a. This product contains oxidizing agents. Wash your hands after using this product; b. This product shall not be used for other purposes.
Additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Jiangsu Provincial Health and Epidemic Prevention Station and the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health. The main drafters of this standard are Zhou Xiaoya, Shi Yucheng, Zhou Shunyuan, Fan Baosheng, Wang Juying, Wu Baode, Zheng Ling, and Zhang Youjiu. This standard is interpreted by the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. 168
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