This standard specifies the environmental requirements for the ergonomic design of control centers (including control rooms, dispatch rooms and all other supporting rooms). This includes requirements for thermal environment, airflow distribution, lighting environment, acoustic environment, air quality and vibration. This standard applies to the design, renovation or renovation of various types of control rooms. Mobile control rooms can also refer to it. DL/T 575.10-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 10: Environmental requirements Principles DL/T575.10-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the environmental requirements for the ergonomic design of control centers (including control rooms, dispatch rooms and all other supporting rooms). This includes requirements for thermal environment, airflow distribution, lighting environment, acoustic environment, air quality and vibration. This standard applies to the design, renovation or renovation of various types of control rooms. Mobile control rooms can also refer to it.

DL/T 575.10-1999
This standard is compiled with reference to the environmental requirements in the domestic and foreign human-machine engineering standardization achievements (see Appendix A). Considering that the control room environmental requirements involve multiple technical fields, such as thermal environment, air quality, lighting environment, sound environment, vibration, etc., each has detailed technical requirements, which cannot be included in one standard. Therefore, this standard only puts forward some principled requirements for the control room environment, and does not give specific technical parameters. For detailed technical requirements, please refer to the references listed in Appendix A. This series of standards DL/T575 is titled "Guidelines for Human-Machine Engineering Design of Control Centers" and includes 12 sub-standards: DL/T575.1 Guidelines for Human-Machine Engineering Design of Control Centers! Part 1: Terms and definitions;
DL/T575.2 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 2: Field of view and division of viewing areas;
DL/T575.3 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DI/T575.4 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.5 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DI./T575.6 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DI/T575.7 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DIL/T575.8 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DI./T575.9 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 3: Hand-held and scope and division of operation areas; Part 4: Dimensions of confined spaces;
Part 5: Design principles for control centers;
Part 6: Principles for the overall layout of control centers; Part 7: Layout of control rooms;
Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations; Part 9: Displays, controllers and interactions; DL/T575.10 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements;
DL/T575.11 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.12 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Appendix A of this standard is a prompt appendix.
This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. Part 11: Evaluation principles for control rooms; Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) 1 workstation, this standard is under the jurisdiction of the State Power Corporation Electric Power Automation Research Institute. Drafting units of this standard: State Power Corporation Electric Power Automation Research Institute, State Power Corporation Labor Protection Science Research Institute, China Standardization and Information Classification and Coding Research Institute.
The main drafters of this standard are Tong Shizhong, Li Zhiguang, Zhao Quanhong, Ma Changshan, Zhang Jinhua, Hua Donghong and Liu Wei. 1332
1 Scope
Electric Power Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centres
Part 10: Principles of Environmental Requirements
Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 10:Principles of environmental requirementsDL/T 575. 10 -1999
This standard specifies the environmental requirements principles for the ergonomic design of control centres (including control rooms, dispatching rooms and all other supporting rooms). It includes requirements for thermal environment, air flow distribution, lighting environment, acoustic environment, air quality and vibration. This standard is applicable to the design, renovation or renovation of various types of control rooms. Mobile control rooms can also be used as a reference. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. DI./T575.1-1999 Guidelines for Human-Machine Engineering Design of Control Centers Part 1: Terms and Definitions 3 Definitions
The definitions adopted in this standard are shown in DL/T575.1-1999. 4 Overview
In the design of human-machine systems, the environment in which people operate machines must be considered. Environmental requirements are put forward for control centers (including control rooms, dispatching rooms, offices, technical rooms, machine rooms, auxiliary rooms and other various workplaces) in order to optimize environmental conditions, ensure the safety, health and comfort of operators, and improve work efficiency. The above environmental requirements mainly involve: thermal environment, visual environment, acoustic environment and air quality. At present, the extent of the impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body is still unclear, so this standard does not put forward any requirements for this. Although this standard is mainly for non-mobile control centers, it specifies the environmental requirements applicable to any type of control center. Therefore, many of the environmental requirements are also applicable to mobile control centers, such as ships, trains, aircraft and other mobile control centers. When using this standard in tropical, hot or cold regions, the environmental requirements in the control room should be adjusted. Since the design characteristics of certain environmental factors of the control room may affect other environmental factors, designers should pay attention to the following points: wwW.bzxz.Net
a) Heat conduction from the exterior wall can increase or decrease the room temperature; b) Natural lighting and artificial lighting equipment can generate heat; c) Air conditioning equipment can increase noise;
d) Machine vibration can cause interference;
e) Various noise sources should be identified (such as printers, computers, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, operating units, etc.); f) The characteristics of noise transmitted through air or mechanical structures should be analyzed; Approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission of the People's Republic of China on February 24, 2000, and implemented on July 1, 2000
DL/T 575.10--1999
g) The characteristics of the building structure types inside and outside the control room should be considered. In the design process of the control room, the relationship between various environmental factors should be considered, such as: a) When designing a certain environmental factor, the influence of the design of other environmental factors should be considered. For example, when designing an air-conditioning system, the characteristics of the selected lighting equipment in terms of heat dissipation should be understood; b) The design process of various environmental factors should be regarded as a process of comprehensive influence. In fact, the effectiveness of a single environmental factor design cannot guarantee that the comprehensive environmental factors meet the requirements. A plan should be drawn up to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the environmental system (that is, all environmental factors). In the evaluation, attention should be paid to the interaction between various environmental factors.
5 Thermal environment
5.1 Overview
The thermal environment of the workplace directly affects the safety, health, comfort and work efficiency of the operating personnel. Indoor climate conditions should be properly controlled to avoid local temperature increases due to thermal radiation or hot air. Exposure to high temperature and cold environment may cause various pathological conditions in addition to catching colds and reducing work efficiency.
The climate environment (microclimate, the same below) of the control center should be suitable for human requirements and equipment needs to prevent adverse effects on human health, psychology and physiology.
5.2 Thermal environment requirements
The basic factors affecting the thermal environment in the working environment are: a) air temperature (t);
b) air humidity;
c) air flow ();
d) thermal radiation (Eeff);
e) clothing insulation value;
f) activity type,
5.3 Air flow distribution principles
5.3.1 Air flow direction
In rooms where operators often stay, in order to ensure human health and comfort, the air outlet should not be directly facing people. In rooms where equipment is placed, the configuration of the air flow direction should be conducive to the uniform distribution of temperature, and the air flow inlet and outlet should not be too close to the location of the stomach-warming equipment.
5.3.2 Methods of air flow distribution
In rooms where heat-generating equipment is installed, it is best to lay pipes in the mezzanine floor for air flow distribution. The air grille should be installed on the ceiling of the room and in a suitable position to avoid direct vertical airflow between the inlet and outlet so that the indoor airflow is evenly distributed.
Care should be taken to ensure that degradable substances do not enter the air distribution system. Special attention should be paid to prevent dust and other particles from entering the air circulation system through the gaps in the ceiling and floor due to ventilation. Living and sanitary areas such as restaurants, cloakrooms, smoking rooms, etc. should maintain a relative negative pressure to prevent odors from escaping. 5.4 Control room thermal environment design
To ensure the comfort of operating personnel, various parameters of the control room climate environment should be controlled within an appropriate range, and the exchange rate of fresh air should be adjusted to maintain good air quality. When designing the thermal environment of the control room, the volume of the control room and auxiliary rooms, the number of operating personnel and the thermal insulation performance of building materials, as well as the capacity and plan of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) should be considered. The performance and layout of HVAC equipment are closely related to the following factors: the characteristics and changes of personnel activities (sitting or walking), the number of operating personnel and their changes, the geographical location of the building, the total heat dissipation generated by heat conduction from equipment and external walls, doors and windows1334
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, and the requirements for the extremely rare closed room or pressurized room, etc. In order to prevent the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the control room from being too large when personnel enter and exit the control room, the location of the entrance and exit channels should be considered, and if necessary, an intermediate temperature zone (such as a vestibule, buffer zone) should be provided.
The relationship between various factors related to the thermal environment is shown in Figure 1. Factors
Control room space size
Number of operators
Total equipment power
(including lighting)
Geographic location
Control room design
(windows,)
Each working area
Chemical substances
Contaminated area
Buffer space
Heat and moisture generated
Heat generation, noise, vibration
Heat transfer in or out
Heat exchange
Heat and moisture generated
Redistribution of air
Circular pollution
—Climate control equipment capacity and design,
Building insulation"
Control Room volume
Regeneration system, purifier,
filter, if necessary, pressurize or seal the control room
Comfort:
Humidity and air flow meet the required standards
TLV (limit value)
Figure 1 Factors to be considered in the design of thermal environment and air quality in the control room 6 Lighting environment
6.1 Overview
When designing the lighting system, the relationship between the lighting of visual tasks and visual ergonomics and comfort should be considered. The lighting design (natural lighting and/or artificial lighting) should meet the visual needs of operations under normal conditions and in emergency situations, and emergency lighting and backup lighting devices should be installed. While configuring relatively dim general lighting, the control The control table or operating area needs to be equipped with local lighting. The working lighting required by the operating personnel will cause potential glare problems for other personnel in the same room. The lighting plan should not only meet the working lighting needs, but also avoid glare.
During the design stage, the location of the control console, lamps and windows should be considered to eliminate the interference of light reflection and reflected glare. Due to differences in the personal needs of operators (including age-related differences), the local lighting level of the workstation should be able to be appropriately adjusted. Special attention should be paid to the adverse effects of light reflection. The general environment should be visually pleasing. Some important factors related to it are: the use of color, the display of surface characteristics, the use of various lighting methods, the reasonable combination of light and overlapping light, and the absence of strong contrast and glare. Color Reasonable selection of color, combined with the use of non-reflective surfaces, can help operators avoid visual stress and visual fatigue. Color design should follow the following principles:
a) Avoid strong color contrast on walls facing operators; b) Avoid excessive use of black, dark or dark colors; c) Avoid glossy or reflective paints (including floors); d) Avoid excessive use of highly reflective colors such as white; e) The control console or workbench should have low color contrast; f) Avoid highly saturated colors in the environment.
The quality of lighting depends on some important lighting criteria, such as illuminance, brightness ratio within the field of view, limitation of direct and indirect glare, color rendering of the light source and color rendering index.
DL/T 575. 10--1999
Regarding visual display terminals, the following two visual characteristics should be distinguished. Lighting must be based on different visual characteristics to meet different needs:
a) Perception of screen information (reading text through screen images, observing charts and image changes): b) Perception of non-screen information (such as reading original text, observing and reading keyboard graphics and symbols, reading information on non-screen displays, monitoring process flow, and observing simulation screens). 6.2 Control room lighting requirements
The lighting of control rooms and workstations should meet the needs of operations (for example, observing screens, simulation screens and keyboard information, writing and processing documents, maintenance work, observing peripheral equipment, etc.).
The main factors for judging visual comfort standards are: illuminance, brightness distribution within the field of view, glare control, choice of lighting type and light source configuration.
6.2.1 Illuminance level
The illumination level should be suitable for the visual operations in each functional area. The lighting quality standard requirements for various operations are shown in Appendix A [2]. The illuminance value of a functional area should be determined according to the specific operation. Illumination levels are related to daylight and artificial lighting. Natural lighting should avoid direct sunlight. 6.2.2 Brightness distribution in the field of vision
Brightness balance in the field of vision is necessary for good visual conditions. Brightness distribution or illuminance balance should meet the needs of visual work. 6.2.3 Glare control
Direct glare, contrast glare and reflected glare should be distinguished: a) Direct glare refers to glare caused by luminous bodies and other luminous surfaces (light bulbs, the sun, luminous ceilings, etc.); b) Contrast glare is caused by extremely uneven brightness in the field of vision; c) Reflected glare is glare caused by light reflected from objects. The following methods can be used to avoid glare:
a) Correctly select the lighting type and lighting arrangement to prevent glare from being generated at workstations, shared display screens, etc.; b) Reasonably design the light source: limit the brightness of the light source, convert the light into scattered light, use non-flickering light sources, use more low-brightness light sources instead of a few high-brightness light sources, etc.;
c) According to the position of the light source, correctly arrange the workstation and shared display screen so that the operator can avoid direct glare and reflected glare when working; d) Use light shields, lampshades, grilles, etc. to block the glare source; e) Anti-glare treatment is performed on the work surface, dashboard surface, display screen, etc., such as using diffuse reflection surface, anti-reflection coating, using filter screen, etc., to reduce the reflection coefficient of the surface; f) Appropriately increase the ambient brightness around the glare source, reduce the brightness contrast, and prevent contrast glare. Note: The glare level of the lighting device should be measured using the Unified Glare Scale (UGR) issued by the International Commission on Illumination. Methods for limiting glare are provided in Appendix A [8].
6.2.4 Types of lighting
Various types of lighting can be selected: direct lighting, indirect lighting, or a combination of direct and indirect lighting. The lighting design should avoid direct glare and reflected glare, and provide appropriate illumination for each functional area. 6.3 Control room lighting environment design
The lighting environment design of the control room should include lighting design and certain parameters related to the visual observation process and workstation layout. 6.3.1 The ergonomic design objectives of the lighting system are: a) to provide the best visual ergonomic environment (especially at the work point); b) to facilitate work to achieve the best ergonomics; c) to avoid operational errors; d) to increase safety; e) to make information easy to read.
6.3.2 The main factors to be considered in lighting design are: 1336
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a) The activities of operators, especially the visual needs of the operation; b) The layout of the control room;
c) The equipment in the workplace:
d) The type of lighting.
The activities of operators should take into account the visual needs of various operations, such as reading text, observing the screen, processing files, observing peripheral equipment, etc. The lighting conditions should be suitable for these activities. The lighting environment should be designed according to the layout of the control room and the orientation of the windows. The number and orientation of windows, the number and location of workstations, and functional zoning should be considered. Appropriate illumination in each work area (such as a workstation) is conducive to the observation of various devices (such as screen displays, instrument panels, alarms, control devices, simulation screens, etc.). The lighting requirements and lighting methods of each area should be determined according to the activities of the operators, and the illumination should be adjustable. Different types of lighting can be used, such as natural lighting, artificial lighting, and mixed lighting. In workplaces with high-frequency rotating bodies, single fluorescent lighting should be avoided. The arrangement of workstations and the selection of the number, type and location of lamps should avoid light generation and ensure that the workplace has an appropriate balance of illumination and brightness.
The relationship between the various factors related to lighting level control is shown in Figure 2. Activities of operating personnel
7 Acoustic environment
7.1 Overview
The main hazards of noise to people are:
a) Hearing loss;
· Walking
· Reading text
· Reading display screen
· Observing foreign equipment
Processing parts
Control room layout
· Number of workbenches
· Functional division
Arrangement of workbenches
Ceiling reflection
· Guest area
Illumination level
Workbench equipment
· Screen display
Control device
Display outside the workbench||t t||Screen (such as simulation screen)
Fen matching list
Number and type of lamps
Lamp position
Local lighting for work
·Contrast glare control
·Glare avoidance
[Visual comfort
Figure 2 Factors to be considered for control room lighting
b) hinder language communication and interfere with auditory signals; c) reduce work efficiency and cognitive ability;
d) cause annoyance;
Aokongmeng
·Jinheming
e) affect the normal function of the extra-auditory system (such as the nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, etc.). The noise in the control room, as a stimulus, can cause interference and affect the transmission of important voice information in an emergency. In addition, in places where there is frequent traffic between different noise level areas (such as control rooms/corridors), since the doors leading to high noise level areas cannot be closed frequently, appropriate noise prevention measures should be taken.
7.2 Requirements for acoustic environment in control room
DL/T 575.10--1999
To avoid the adverse effects of noise, the noise generated by the equipment should be kept as low as possible, and other noises (such as language communication) should also be controlled.
The acoustic environment of the control room can be optimized by the following ways: a) reducing the noise level of the control room's surrounding environment; b) improving the signal-to-noise ratio;
c) reducing the sound in the control room;
d) reducing the sound reverberation time.
Parameters for measuring and evaluating control room noise include: a) noise level limit;
b) sound power level;
c) A-level, dB(A);
d) sound insulation of building structure (walls, ceilings, windows); e) sound insulation in control room;
f) maximum allowable reverberation;
g) background noise value;
h) allowable noise value at workplace (to meet language communication requirements) The limit values ​​of the above parameters are shown in Appendix A [8]. The allowable value of background noise depends on the acoustic requirements and the type of activity. The sound level of information transmitted in the form of auditory signals (such as alarms) should be strong enough to be clearly distinguished from other auditory signals and environmental noise, but should be as low as possible to avoid excessive sound pressure levels. 7.3 Control room acoustic environment design
7.3.1 The main noise sources in the control room are:
a) The sound of warning signals and notification signals (early warning, alarm); b) Phone ringing:
c) Noise generated by equipment (printer, etc.); d) Air conditioning system;
e) Noise sources outside the control room (such as machine equipment noise, road, traffic noise, etc.); f) Language communication.
7.3.2 The ergonomic design of the control room acoustic environment aims to provide a comfortable auditory environment, especially to achieve: a) Facilitate language communication between operators; Activities of operators
· Language communication
· Phone communication
· Walking
Control room layout
· Noise source (inside and outside)
· Heating and ventilation
· Air conditioning system
Control room equipment
|· Equipment noise (printer, etc.)
Sound of warning and notification signals
(early warning, alarm, etc.)
Music system
· Sound insulation of building structure (walls, ceilings, windows)· Reduce equipment noise
· Optimize signal-to-noise ratio
Reduce sound reverberation
Auditory comfort
Figure 3 Factors to be considered in the design of the acoustic environment of the control room b) Improve the telephone communication environment;
c) Facilitate the monitoring of alarms.
Among them, language communication and notification signals are two key issues in the design of the acoustic environment of the control room.
7.3.3 The main measures to reduce the noise in the control room are: a) Sound insulation and sound absorption of building structure (walls, ceilings, windows);
b) Take vibration isolation and noise reduction measures to reduce the noise generated by equipment;
c) Optimize the signal-to-noise ratio;
d) Reduce the sound reverberation time.
The relationship between various factors related to the acoustic environment is shown in Figure 3.
8 Air Quality
8.1 Overview
DL/T575.10--1999
The air quality of the control room is closely related to the comfort and health of the operating personnel and must be taken seriously. The air capacity of the building is limited. If the ventilation is poor, various pollutants, especially carbon dioxide and bioaerosols discharged by people, as well as abnormal odors and pollutants emitted by building materials, office facilities and equipment, can reduce the air quality. When the concentration of pollutants in the air exceeds the threshold value, it may cause irritation, poisoning, allergic reactions and building syndrome. Other possible pollution hazards are solid particles, which can come from the outside (such as dust, sand, etc.) or from the structural materials used in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (especially the windproof duct), and appropriate measures must be taken to eliminate them. Commonly used measures include: HVAC supporting filtration system, sand and dust collector, airlock. In order to protect the operating personnel from the harm of pollution, the concentration of indoor pollutants must be kept below the specified threshold value. 8.2 Control room air quality requirements
In order to ensure good air quality in the control room, the concentration of major pollutants in the air should be measured regularly (qualitative and quantitative methods should be used) (see Figure 1).
According to the nature of the pollutants, the commonly used protective measures are a) Select non-toxic building materials (especially in the event of fire), and the activity area of ​​​​operators should be isolated from equipment that produces environmental pollutants (such as copiers and battery rooms that produce ozone); b) Maintain an appropriate fresh air exchange rate to reduce the concentration of pollutants; c) Have specific safety measures and personal protection facilities to cope with possible dangerous situations (such as radioactive contamination); d) Use a closed control room to prevent abnormally dangerous pollutants from contaminating the work area; e) Equipped with a gas detection system;
f) Use non-toxic or less toxic fire extinguishing equipment. 9 Vibration
9.1 Overview
The biological problem of vibration is the impact of periodic mechanical force on human tissue on human function. The most common sources of vibration are: cars, trains, aircraft and some special production process machinery. The parameters of vibration are frequency, amplitude (displacement), speed, acceleration and vibration intensity. Extremely low frequency and large amplitude vibration is the main cause of motion sickness (also known as motion sickness). The degree of its impact on the human body depends entirely on physical, psychological and environmental factors. Its symptoms include loss of appetite, loss of interest, sweating, salivation, nausea, headache and vomiting. Vibration can be divided into two categories: whole body vibration and local vibration. The control room only involves whole body vibration. The main effects of whole body vibration on the human body are: affecting visual function and cognitive ability, reducing work efficiency, annoyance, irritation, headache, muscle fatigue and motion sickness. 9.2 Vibration Source
The vibration of non-mobile control rooms can be transmitted by the vibration generated by various machines and equipment, such as rotating machines, diesel engines, turbines, air compressors, etc.
9.3 Vibration isolation
Vibration isolation measures can protect the control room operators and related equipment from the influence of vibration transmitted from the surrounding environment. Vibration isolation of vibration sources is the best way to prevent vibration transmission. When designing vibrating machines, vibration isolation should be considered. If it is impossible to isolate the vibration source, vibration reduction devices should be used to reduce vibration, and the control room floor, partition walls, and ceiling should be isolated from the vibrating components. 133
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Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main References
[1]ISO/WD11064-6 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centres Part 6: Environmental Requirements [27]GB/T13379-92 Principles of Visual Ergonomics - Lighting for Indoor Work Systems (eqVISO8995) [3]ISO1996-1 Acoustics - Description and Measurement of Ambient Noise - Basic Physical Quantities and Measurement Procedures [4]ISO1996-3 Acoustics - Description and Measurement of Ambient Noise - Application of Noise Limits [5]ISO7726 Thermal Environment - Instruments and Methods for Measuring Physical Quantities [6]ISO7730 Thermal Environment with Suitable Temperature - Determination of PMV and PPD Index and Provision of Thermal Comfort Conditions [7]ISO 7779 Acoustics
- Measurement of airborne noise from computers and office equipment [8] ISO/DIS9241-6 Ergonomic requirements for visual display terminals for office work Part 6: Environmental requirements
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