This standard specifies the terms used to describe the appearance of visible tooth surfaces and the damage that can be observed on gears. This standard only gives terms to help identify and record the appearance of gears and the condition of gears after a period of operation. It does not detail the causes and preventive measures of the various conditions described. GB/T 3481-1997 Gear tooth wear and damage terminology GB/T3481-1997 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS01.040.21+21-200
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T3481—1997
idt IS0 10825: 1995
Gears-Wear and damage to gear teeth--TerininologyPublished on March 3, 1997
Implemented on September 1, 1997
Published by the State Technical Supervision Bureau
GB/T 3481
ISO）Foreword
Signs of tooth surface wearWww.bzxZ.net
Gluing
4 Permanent deformation.
Fatigue phenomena on tooth surface
Cracks and cracks
Gear tooth fracture
Chinese index
English index
GB/T34811997
This standard is based on ISO10825:1995 "Gears—Weat and gear teeth—Terminology" to GB3481-83 "Terminology, characteristics and causes of gear tooth damage". This standard is equivalent to IS (）10825*1995 in terms of technical content to adapt to international trade, technical and economic exchanges, and is in line with the national policy of encouraging the active adoption of international standards. Compared with GB3481-83, this standard has more additions in terms of terminology and illustrations, and the classification of terms has also changed. This standard is a terminology standard for gear tooth wear and damage. It is used to help identify and record the appearance of gears and the condition of gears after a period of operation. It does not describe the causes of the various conditions described, but also gives preventive measures. The appendices to this standard are informative appendices.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard was approved by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Gear Standardization. This standard was drafted by the Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main drafters of this standard are: Ling Hao, Zhang Yuanguo, Yang Xingyuan, Xu Hongji, Yang Guoqing and Tao Manxi. CB/T 3481--1997
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a federation of national standard organizations (ISO member countries) around the world. International standards are usually drafted by the technical committees of ISO. Member countries interested in the work items of a technical committee have the right to participate in the work of the technical committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations that have cooperative relations with ISO may also participate in its work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on electrotechnical standardization.
Draft international standards adopted by the technical committee are circulated to member countries for voting. For them to be officially promulgated, more than 75% of the member countries voting are required to vote.
International Standard 1ISO10825 was prepared by ISO/TC60\Technical Committee on Gears\, Subcommittee SC1* Vocabulary and Worm Drives. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Gear teeth wear and damage terminology
-Wear and damage to gear teeth-TermlnologyGB/T 3481—1997
idt IS0 10825: 1995
Replaces GB 348183
This standard specifies terms used to describe the appearance of visible tooth surfaces and the damage that can be observed on gears. For each term, a brief description of the corresponding tooth surface is given, including an indication of the significant features observed in order to identify the type of condition referred to.
Each appearance summary identifies a condition and type of damage to the gear teeth and is accompanied by a photograph, or a pair of photographs to show the differences on gear teeth of different geometric sizes. Each photograph is captioned for easy identification. This standard only gives terms to help distinguish and record the appearance of gears and the condition of gears after a period of operation. The causes and preventive measures for the various conditions described are not detailed. 2 Indications of surface disturhaacey 2.1 Sliding wear Wear
Wear is a general term for the loss of material when two surfaces slide relative to each other. Wear includes the loss of material caused by the abrasive action of impurities in the lubricant. Wear also includes adhesive wear, which is the partial welding and subsequent separation, resulting in the transfer of material particles on the gear teeth. 2.1.1 Normal wear (running-in wear) Wear) This type of wear occurs in the early stages of the gear's operating life, the machining marks on the tooth surface are worn away, and the belt appears shiny. This type of wear includes:
Medium wear:
Polishing.
Approved by the National Technical Supervision Bureau on March 3, 1997 and implemented on September 1, 1997
GB/T34811997
Normal wear on the tooth surface of a large gear. In the figure, you can see the bright area on the tooth surface and the area with fine grooves. 2.1.1.1 Medium wear morlctateweaT The metal on both the upper and lower tooth surfaces of the tooth surface is lost, and a continuous line begins to appear on the surface near the tooth joint surface. The position of the "joint" on the tooth surface of the small gear with medium wear is clearly identifiable. 2. 1.1.2 Polishing
GB/T 34B1-1997
This is a non-slow running-in process, the unevenness of the two contacting tooth surfaces is gradually worn away until a smooth mirror-like tooth surface is produced. The effective tooth surfaces of all the gear teeth of the small gear of the automobile differential bevel gear brush are polished. 2.1.2 Abrasive wear
This wear refers to the loss or displacement of tooth surface material due to hard particles floating on the lubricant or embedded in the tooth surface, such as metal debris, oxide scale, rust, sand, grinding powder or the like. The positive and negative tooth surfaces of the small gear are fully smoothed by the abrasive wear of the tooth items, but the tooth surface appears radially scratched due to the hard particles on the tooth surface of the meshing gear. Visible deformation is visible at the end of each tooth.
GB/T 3481
Abrasive wear There is obvious material loss on the positive and negative tooth surfaces of the gear teeth, and deep radial grooves can be seen in the high part of the tooth root of the tooth surface. 2.1.3 Excessive wear
excessiveweat
The appearance of excessive wear is similar to that of medium wear or abrasive wear, but it develops faster and will cause the gear pair to fail to reach the design life. There is a large amount of material loss on the tooth surface
Excessive wear on the pinion backlash tooth surface due to abrasive wear. When the gear tooth geometry changes too much, polishing can also cause excessive wear. GB/T 3481.--1997
2.1.4 Moderate sctatching (scoring) is the formation of unevenly spaced, unevenly long, and regularly distributed fine grooves on the tooth surface in the direction of the tooth surface. The fine grooves that can be seen are distributed near the tooth surface of the grinding pinion. In this case, the scratches are regularly distributed on each gear tooth, as shown in Figure 2.1.1.
Note the tooth marks on the lower tooth surface.
2.1.5 Severe scratching severe scratching A form of abrasive wear. Its characteristic is that there are straight grooves on the sliding side of the gear teeth. These grooves are smooth, similar to the grooves produced by the "ridge" (see 4.4), but they are caused by the unevenness of the meshing tooth surface itself or the scratches of hard particles embedded in it. The entire contact surface of the gear teeth is severely scratched. The surface wear near the working section is not serious. See Figure 2.1.2 for a type of severe scratching.
2.1.6T Interferencewear GB/I 3481
Wear of the gear tooth or its tooth root, which is caused by excessive material on the tooth or the root of the other gear tooth. The result is scraping and grinding away the material of the root and tooth top of the two gear teeth, resulting in grooves dug at the root of the tooth and rolling at the top of the tooth. Interference wear of the gear tooth surface.
2.2 Corrosion
2.2-1 Chemical corrosion Chemical corrosion is the erosion of the gear surface caused by chemical attack. The general signs are that the entire gear surface is covered with tiny dents and the surface is oxidized. Sometimes reddish-brown rust can be seen on the effective part of the gear surface.
Chemical corrosion causes large-scale corrosion of the gear tooth surface. This type of damage can continue until the gear can no longer be used. 2.2.2 Fretting corrosion GB/T3481
Damage to the tooth surface caused by repeated micro-movement of one contact surface relative to another. This micro-movement results in the generation of fine red-brown oxidized particles.
These particles are retained in the contact area. Their wear accelerates the damage of the tooth surface. If the gear device in a non-operating state is affected by structural vibration, such as the vibration of the gear device during transportation, the gear may experience fretting corrosion.
Fretting corrosion on the tooth surface of the internal gear of the gear coupling. 2.2. 3 Scaling
Some irregular raised surfaces are produced on the tooth surface due to oxidation during heat treatment. When the gear runs under load, the power is initially transmitted by these raised parts on the tooth surface. Soon, the raised surface will show metallic luster. Scaling on the teeth of the helical pinion gear.
2.3 Overheating
CB/T 3481-1997
Usually, improper lubrication or too small gear pair backlash will cause the gear temperature to be too high. In the latter case, both the working and non-working surfaces of the gear teeth show signs of being overloaded. The teeth will appear tempered, and bonding areas and plastic deformations can also be seen. Overheating caused by sudden severe loads during operation on the effective tooth surfaces of the gear teeth.
2.4 Erosion
2.4. 1 Cavitatian rosion
Evenly distributed local concavities appear on all tooth surfaces of the gear, that is, each tooth surface of the gear tooth looks like it has been sandblasted. This damage process occurs when there is high-frequency vibration, or the lubricant is mixed with water, air or other gases. Cavitation on the gear tooth surface.
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