Technological regulation of navel orange cultivation in south jiangxi -- south hunan -- north guangxi
Some standard content:
ICS65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T9772006
Technical Regulation of Navel Orange Cultivation in South Jiangxi-South Hunan-North Guangxi
Technological Regulation of Navel Orange Cultivation in South Jiangxi-South Hunan-North Guangxi2006-01-26Promulgated
2006-04-01Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Appendix A, B and C of this standard are all informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. NY/T977—2006
Drafting units of this standard: Citrus and Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gantong Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Ganqiao Research Institute of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, and Dongjiang Reservoir Management Bureau of Zixing City. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Chengqiu, Peng Liangzhi, Lei Huide, Jiao Bining, Zhao Qiyang, Chen Tengetu, Lai Xiaohua, Wen Yishu, Li Yiqin. 1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of navel oranges in southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and northern Guangxi NY/T977—2006
This standard specifies the production technologies of navel orange orchards in southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and northern Guangxi, such as selection and planning of navel orange orchards, varieties and seedlings, orchard soil improvement, planting techniques, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, frost damage prevention, pest and disease control, and fruit harvesting. This standard applies to the production and cultivation of navel oranges in southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and northern Guangxi. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB5040 Quarantine regulations for citrus production areas
GB9659 Grading and inspection of grafted citrus seedlings
NY/T5015 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free citrus food NY/T5016 Environmental conditions for pollution-free citrus production areas 3 Site selection and planning
3.1 Site selection
3.1.1 Climate conditions
The average annual temperature is 17℃～23℃, the absolute minimum temperature is ≥-6℃, the average temperature in January is ≥5℃, and the annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is ≥5000℃3.1.2 Soil conditions
The soil texture is good, loose and fertile, pH5.5~7.5, the soil layer thickness is ≥60cm, and the groundwater level is ≥1m. Other conditions shall be implemented in accordance with NYT5016.
3.1.3 Water quality and air quality
According to NY/T5016.
3.1.4 Topography
Slope ≤ 25°, 15°～25° mountainous and hilly slopes on the north slope are not suitable for garden construction. 3.1.5 Ecological environment
The citrus garden is more than 50m away from the road, and there are no direct pollution sources such as industrial and mining within 1500m around. 3.2 Garden planning
Construct necessary roads, drainage and water storage, ancillary buildings and other facilities, and create shelter forests and water conservation forests. Shelter forests should select upright evergreen trees and shrubs with fast-growing species that have no symbiotic pests and diseases with citrus. Water conservation forests should be retained or constructed in the middle and upper parts of hilly mountains. Rectangular planting is used for flat land and gently sloping land with a slope of less than 6°, and contour planting is used for mountainous and hilly land with a slope of 6-25°, and attention should be paid to soil and water conservation. The horizontal gradient of terraced land is 0.3%~0.5%. 4 Varieties and seedlings
4.1 Variety selection
Early-maturing navel oranges in this area can be selected from varieties such as Fukumoto, Newhall, Linna, Fengwei, and Qingjia, mid-maturing navel oranges can be selected from varieties such as Washington navel orange, Bailiu, and Frost, and late-maturing navel oranges can be selected from varieties such as Wanling and Xiajin. In areas where the minimum temperature in winter is <-2℃, it is not suitable to develop late-maturing navel orange varieties that mature after December
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4.2 Brick and wood selection
When the soil pH is 7, suitable rootstocks are Ji and Jicheng; when the soil pH is >7, suitable rootstocks are red orange and fragrant orange. Varieties (lines) infected with cracked bark and broken leaf diseases cannot be used as rootstocks, or hybrids related to the rootstock. 4.3 Seedling quality
It is recommended to use virus-free seedlings in new navel orange planting areas. Seedling quarantine should comply with GB5040, and seedling quality should comply with GB9659. It is recommended to plant virus-free container seedlings and strong seedlings.
5 Soil improvement in orchards
5.1 Soil improvement for planting trenches (holes)
5.1.1 According to the designed row and plant spacing, dig trenches with a width of 1.0m~1.5m and a depth of 0.8m~1.0m on slopes, or a large hole with a diameter of 1.0m~1.5m and a depth of 0.8m-1.0m on slopes. Flat paddy fields should adopt construction cultivation and dig deep drainage ditches. The center position of the planting hole or ditch for equal height planting in hilly and mountainous terraces should be dug at the outer 2/5 or inner 3/5 of the terrace. 5.1.2 Fill each cubic meter of trench (hole) with 30kg~50kg of crop straw, farmyard manure, straw, husk, etc. For soil lacking mineral elements, add the corresponding mineral elements: soil with pH 5.5, add 1.0kg~3.0kg lime; soil with pH ≥ 7.2, add 0.2kg~0.3kg sulfur powder.
5.1.3 When backfilling the planting trench (hole), put a layer of the mixture in 5.1.2 in the trench, fill it with a layer of soil, and try to mix it with it. Do this 3~4 times to fill the planting hole or trench, and finally build up the soil into a mound 0.2m~0.3m above the ground. After the trench (hole) soil sinks and becomes solid, you can plant. 5.2 Expanding the hole and improving the soil
5.2.1 Time for expanding the hole and improving the soil
It can be done after the autumn shoots of navel oranges are mature or the fruits are harvested.
5.2.2 Methods for expanding and improving the soil
Dig trenches (holes) along the outer edge of the planting trenches (holes), with a depth of 0.5m~0.6m and a width of 0.5m~1.0m, depending on the amount of soil improvement materials at the time. When backfilling, press 20kg~30kg of straw, weeds, husks, harmlessly treated garbage, green manure, etc. per cubic meter in 2 to 3 layers. For navel orange orchards with soil pH ≤ 5.0, apply 1kg~2kg of lime per plant. Apply cake fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure in combination with basal fertilizer near the crown of the palm, and fill the hole with enough water. In this way, expand outward year by year until the whole garden. 6 Planting technology
6.1 Planting time
6.1.1 Spring planting. Carry out from February to March before the spring buds sprout. If the spring buds have already sprouted, the new shoots need to be wiped off before transplanting. In places with frost damage in each season, it is advisable to plant in spring, 6.1.2 Autumn planting. It is carried out in September to October after the autumn shoots of the seedlings mature. 6.1.3 Container seedling cultivation or local soil planting. The seedlings can be transplanted after each new shoot matures. However, it is not advisable to plant in the case of low temperature in winter from November to January, imperfect water conservancy facilities and insufficient irrigation. 6.2 Planting density
The recommended spacing between plants and rows is 3m×4m~5m
6.3 Planting method
6.3.1 Planting basal fertilizer
2 to 3 months before the seedlings are planted, dig planting holes at the determined planting points according to the planting specifications, apply 10kg~20kg of decomposed human and animal manure (or 1kg~2kg of cake fertilizer) and 1kg~2kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole, mix them with the soil and fill them into the holes, and plant them after they are fully settled.
6.3.2 Planting of container seedlings (nutrient bags, vine-planted seedlings) NY/T 977—2006
Dig a hole 50cm long, 50cm wide, and 30cm~40cm deep in the middle of the planting site, place the seedlings removed from the container in the center, stretch the roots appropriately, straighten them, fill the surroundings with fertilizer or nutrient soil, tamp them lightly, and then cover them with loose soil to make a tree tray with a diameter of about 1m, and water them enough to establish roots. The planting depth should be such that the grafting point is permanently exposed to the ground for more than 5cm. 6.3.3 Planting of bare-root seedlings (large root seedlings)
Dig a hole 50cm long, 50cm wide, and 30cm~40cm deep in the middle of the planting site, trim the roots and branches of the seedlings appropriately, and place them in the center of the hole, straighten the roots in layers, fully stretch them, and fill the nutrient soil between the upper and lower root layers. After all the roots are stretched out, cover with fine soil, lift the seedlings slightly upwards with your hands, and shake them gently several times to fill the root gaps with fine soil. Tamp it down gently, then cover with loose soil to make a tree tray with a diameter of about 1m, and water it enough to establish roots. The planting depth is the same as 6.3.2
7 Soil, fertilizer and water management
7.1 Soil management
7.1.1 Intercropping and grassing
7.1.1.1 The distance between intercropping crops and young trees should be ≥0.8m. As the crown of the tree expands, the intercropping range (area) should be reduced year by year. For orchards over four years old, stop intercropping and switch to grass cultivation. Cut the saplings and turn them into the soil or cover the tree tray when appropriate. 7.1.1.2. Selection of intercrops and grass species
Choose crops that do not affect the normal growth and fruiting of navel oranges and do not have the same diseases and pests, and shallow-rooted dwarf crops that are conducive to using fertilizer to nourish the land and the garden to nourish the garden. Suitable intercropping crops and green manure species include peanuts, soybeans, mung beans, Indian beans, Crotalaria, fertilizer radish, Chinese milk vetch, broad beans, etc.; suitable grass species include bahia grass, clover, Italian multi-flowered ryegrass, hornwort, dandelion, foxtail grass, etc. Unsuitable intercropping crops include tall crops such as tobacco, sugarcane, sorghum, corn, and sweet potatoes. 7.1.2 Garden intertillage
The intertillage period of the navel orange garden depends on the growth of the navel orange. Young trees that have not yet borne fruit can be shallowly tilled before each watering and fertilizer application to facilitate fertilizer penetration. Fruit-bearing trees can be tilled after fruit picking and in conjunction with garden cleaning (December to February of the following year). No intertillage is allowed inside the tree circle. The intertillage outside the tree circle is 10cm~25cm deep and it is forbidden to intertillage in the rainy season.
7.1.3 Garden Covering
7.1.3.1 Covering Range
Soil surface in the area with dense root distribution, the area is equal to or larger than the projection area of the tree crown. 7.1.3.2 Covering Time
Mulch before the onset of drought in late June to early July to prevent drought; cover at the end of November to prevent frost. Young trees can be covered with tree circles all year round to retain water, prevent drought and prevent rain erosion.
7.1.3.3 Covering Materials
Weeds, grass and garden green manure.
7.1.3.4 Covering Method
First loosen the topsoil in the covering area, evenly spread 15cm~20cm thick covering material, and cover it with a little thin soil to press it down. The thickness of the covering material is ≥15cm, and the covering material is 10cm away from the root neck and the main trunk. 7.2 Fertilization
7.2.1 Soil filling fertilization
Use methods such as ring ditch fertilization, strip ditch fertilization and ground spreading. For liquid organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers that are easy to move in the soil, dig shallow trenches (holes) with a depth of 10cm~25cm outside the drip line of the crown for fertilization: For organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers that are not easy to move in the soil, dig trenches (holes) with a depth of 30cm~50cm for fertilization. Sprinkle nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the holes, and each hole should not exceed 250g each time. When the soil filling is dry, water should be poured into the hole before covering the soil. Quick-acting and soluble fertilizers can be spread on the ground outside the drip line of the crown before rain or irrigation, or dissolved with water or liquid farmyard manure and poured on the ground outside the drip line of the crown, and no more than 200 per plant each time. Navel orange orchards with drip irrigation facilities can carry out drip irrigation fertilization. 3
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7.2.2 Foliar fertilization
Select different types of water-soluble fertilizers for foliar fertilization during the period of urgent nutrient demand. During the spring leaf expansion period and flowering period, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other macroelements and trace elements such as zinc and molybdenum can be sprayed on the foliage, and the deficiency can be supplemented at other periods. During the high temperature and drought period, the lower limit of the recommended concentration range should be applied, and foliar fertilization should not be applied within 30 days before fruit harvest. The number of foliar fertilizations should be limited in orchards with humid air. The types and concentrations of commonly used fertilizers for foliar fertilization are shown in Table 1. During the high temperature and drought period, the spraying concentration should be low. Table 1 Common fertilizer types and concentrations for foliar topdressing Types
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Potassium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium nitrate
7.2.3 Fertilization of young trees
Concentration, %
Zinc sulfate
Manganese sulfate
Ammonium molybdate
Concentration, %
Mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, with phosphorus fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, in small amounts and multiple times. Fertilization is mainly applied during the shoot growth period in spring, summer and autumn, 6 to 8 times a year, and foliar topdressing is increased from the time the top buds are cut off to before the new shoots turn green. In areas with frost damage, nitrogen fertilizers should be stopped after September, and winter fertilizers mainly composed of organic fertilizers should be applied from the end of October to early November. For 1- to 3-year-old saplings, apply 100g to 300g of pure nitrogen per plant per year. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1:0.4~0.6:0.6~0.8.
7.2.4 Fertilization of fruit trees
7.2.4.1 Apply fertilizer according to the soil and leaf nutrition diagnosis formula. The reference values of nutrition diagnosis are shown in A and Appendix B. Apply more organic fertilizer and apply inorganic fertilizer reasonably.
7.2.4.2 Fertilizer amount. Apply 0.8kg~1.0kg of pure nitrogen for every 100kg of fruit produced. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1:0.6~0.8:0.8~1.1. Calculate the fertilizer amount accordingly.
7.2.4.3 Fertilization time. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer (basal fertilizer) after fruit picking, accounting for 20% to 25% of the whole year; apply fertilizer before flowering (spring fertilizer), accounting for 25% to 30% of the whole year. During this period and the physiological fruit drop period, magnesium sulfate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer can be added to navel orange orchards that are deficient in magnesium, zinc and boron; fruit-enhancing fertilizer, the application amount accounts for 45% to 55% of the whole year. 7.3 Water management
7.3.1 Irrigation
The quality of irrigation water shall be implemented in accordance with NY/T5016. During the spring shoot young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of navel orange, if the soil is dry, water should be irrigated in time. The leaves of the spring shoots should not be curled or slightly curled at noon during the fruit expansion period. Keep the soil moderately dry during the fruit ripening period. If the old and mature leaves are slightly curled at noon and can be recovered later, no irrigation is required. In areas with frost damage in winter, prevent soil drought and keep the soil moderately moist. 7.3.2 Drainage
Timely drain the water in the orchard through ditches to reduce the soil moisture content. For trees that are not easy to flower, moderate water control can be used in autumn and winter to maintain moderate drought for a period of time to promote flower bud differentiation.
8 Shaping and pruning
8.1 Shaping and pruning of young trees
8.1.1 Tree shape
Recommend natural round head shape and natural open heart shape. 8.1.2 Stem setting
Generally, the main trunk height is required to be 30cm~50cm
8.1.3 Main branch cultivation
NY/T977-2006
After the stem is set, select 3 new shoots with strong growth potential, reasonable attachment angle, even distribution, and 10cm interval as the main branches for cultivation. When the main branch angle, orientation and strength are not ideal during production, auxiliary means such as tying, pulling, supporting and bracing are used to adjust the main branch angle and orientation to make its layout more reasonable. 8.1.4 Cultivation of secondary main branches
After the main branches are selected, 3 to 4 secondary main branches are cultivated year by year at a distance of 30 cm from the main trunk, with a spacing of about 40 cm, staggered nodes (but not upright or drooping), and at an angle of 60° to 70° with the main trunk. 8.1.5 Retaining side branches
On the main branches and secondary main branches, select and configure sufficient side branches (fruiting branch groups) according to appropriate orientation and distance, and configure as many auxiliary branches as possible to promote the young trees to bear fruit and produce as soon as possible.
8.2 Pruning in the initial fruiting period
8.2.1 Before the spring shoots sprout, the extension branches of the main branches and secondary main branches are appropriately shortened to promote the expansion of the crown. 8.2.2 Bud removal and shoot release
In May and June, in order to reconcile the contradiction between shoots and fruits and improve the fruit setting rate of navel oranges, remove all sporadic summer shoots, or leave 1 to 2 leaves and pinch to control the growth of summer shoots. From mid-to-late June to July, release late summer shoots as appropriate to accelerate the expansion of the crown. In late July and early August, summer pruning is carried out, combined with bud removal, to uniformly promote a sufficient number of high-quality autumn shoots that grow in the beginning of autumn, ensuring a sufficient number of high-quality fruiting mother branches next year.
8.2.3 Pruning and rejuvenation
Prune the fruiting branches in time after picking fruits; for drooping branches, select the strong branches with picking heads for pruning and rejuvenation. 8.3 Pruning during the peak fruiting period
8.3.1 Pruning of old trees
8.3.1.1 Thin out the flower branches. Prune again before flowering to reduce the amount of flowers and increase the nutrient branches. Increase the amount of pruning in a big year to promote sufficient reserve branches. 8.3.1.2 Open skylights, retain the inner green branches, and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree. Prune weak branches to form new branches. Thin out cross branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and overly dense and weak branches.
8.3.2 Pruning of trees in small years
Excessive fruiting in the previous year caused the tree to become weak, with few flowers and low yields. The main purpose of pruning is to preserve flowers and fruits and restore tree vigor. Pay attention to retaining leaves, shortening, and retracting fruiting branches.
8.4 Pruning of stable-yield trees
Combine flower and fruit thinning, retract fruiting mother branches and branches, and renew declining branches in time. Shorten the strong, keep the middle, and remove the weak branches in summer and autumn. 9Flower and fruit management
9.1 Flower promotion
In summer (July-August), twisting and pulling branches are used, and in autumn (September-October), water control or foliar spraying of flower promoters and other flower promoters are used to promote the differentiation of flower buds of young and vigorous trees.
9.2 Flower control
Short cut and retract pruning in spring; re-pruning before flowering, leaving more flowers on strong branches, fewer or no flowers on weak branches, more single flowers with leaves, and fewer or no flowers without leaves.
9.3 Fruit preservation
Appropriately remove spring shoot nutrient branches, spray borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate during the initial flowering period, and spray or apply gibberellin, 6-taro adenine, etc. on young fruits once or twice a week after the flowers fade. 5
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9.4 Fruit thinning
When the amount of flowers and fruits is large in the current year, fruit thinning should be carried out. The first thinning should be carried out after the first physiological fruit drop, and small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, deformed fruits, and densely grown weak fruits should be removed; the second thinning should be carried out after the second physiological fruit drop, according to the leaf-to-fruit ratio. The appropriate leaf-to-fruit ratio for navel oranges is 40-60:1. The leaf-to-fruit ratio for weak leaves should be increased appropriately.
9.5 Fruit bagging
9.5.1 Bagging time
It should be carried out after the physiological fruit drop, generally from mid-to-late June to early July. 9.5.2 Requirements for fruit bag material
Single-layer light-transmitting paper bags that are wind-resistant, rain-resistant, and breathable. 9.5.3 Bagging method
9.5.3.1 Before bagging, spray fungicides and insecticides once in the whole garden according to the occurrence of diseases and insects, focusing on spraying fruits to kill pathogens and eggs on the fruit surface. 9.5.3.2 Bagging should be done after the dew (or liquid medicine) has dried up, and the fruit should be bagged within 3 days after spraying. 9.5.3.3 The order of bagging on the tree is first up and then down, first inside and then outside. 9.5.3.4 When bagging, put your hand into the bag first to make the whole bag bulge, then grab the fruit stalk with one hand and support the bottom of the bag with the other hand, put the young fruit into the middle of the bag mouth, and then squeeze the bag mouth from both sides to the middle of the stalk, and then tie the bag mouth tightly to the fruit stalk with a rope. After bagging, lift it up with your hand and hit the middle of the bag to make the whole bag bulge, the water outlet pores at the two bottom corners open, and the young fruit hangs in the bag. 9.5.3.5 Remove the bag 15d~30d before fruit harvesting. 9.6 Prevent fruit cracking
Water in time when drought occurs during the fruit expansion period (May to August), and cover the tree tray. Add potassium and calcium fertilizers to the soil, or spray potassium sulfate, amino acid calcium, humic acid calcium, gibberellin, etc. on the tree crown in summer. 10 Prevention of frost damage
10.1 Period of frost damage
Mid-December to the end of February of the following year
10.2 Prevention measures for planting
10.2.1 Planting in suitable places. Make full use of the microclimate of the community and choose favorable terrain to build the garden, and avoid building the garden in low-lying beaches and "cold lake areas" where cold air is easy to enter and difficult to exit and prone to frost damage.
10.2.2 Create shelter forests. In areas prone to frost, plant 2 to 3 rows of shelter forests vertically to the main wind direction on the northern edge of the orchard. Strengthen field fertilizer and water management, control the amount of fruit and late autumn shoots, strengthen disease and insect control, enhance tree vigor, and improve the tree's own cold resistance. 10.2.3 Irrigate the garden before freezing to keep the soil moist and avoid dry freezing. 10.2.4 In early December, mix 0.5kg of quicklime, 0.1kg of sulfur powder, 20g of salt and 3kg to 4kg of clean water and apply them to the main trunks and branches of citrus to enhance the trunk's ability to resist frost. Use with caution in areas with severe radiation frost. 10.2.5 Tree tray soil garden. Combined inter-row cultivation and soil cultivation in tree trays to prevent the roots from being exposed and frozen. 10.2.6 Covering the tree crown. Before the arrival of frost, cover the tree crown with 80% sunshade nets or straw and other coverings to reduce frost damage. After snowfall, shake off the snow on the tree crown and dig up the snow in the tree tray to avoid radiation frost. 10.2.7 Heating and fumigating. During the frost period, from midnight to 4 am every day in the park, 4 to 6 piles of straw and other flammable materials for making smoke are set up, and smoke is secretly burned to produce smoke and reduce frost damage to the trees. 10.3 Post-freeze care
10.3.1 Remove dead leaves from lightly frozen trees in time to reduce water consumption of the trees and prevent aggravation of frost damage. 10.3.2 Topdressing in time. The branches and leaves of frozen trees are damaged, and the root activity is weakened accordingly. Inter-row cultivation, loosening the soil, and drainage should be carried out to keep the soil well ventilated. Apply thin and quick-acting fertilizers frequently to promote To restore the tree's vigor, apply 0.2%~0.3% urea and 0.1%0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as topdressing on the roots in time. 6
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10.3.3 Reasonable pruning. Frozen trees should be pruned after new buds sprout and the boundary between life and death is clear. Treat them differently according to the degree of frost damage. For slightly frozen trees, less thinning and more retention should be done, and light pruning should be used to protect leaves. For moderately frozen trees, cut off the frozen dead branches. When pruning in summer, choose to adjust the main branches and thin out the excessive long branches: for severely frozen trees, cut off the frozen part of the crown to promote budding, gradually thin out the crowded buds, select healthy branches, and re-form the crown. Thin out the flowers and protect the trees: After freezing, most trees have deformed and low-quality flowers, and the number of flowers is often large, and the fruit setting rate is low. In order to restore the tree's vigor as soon as possible, generally severely frozen trees do not retain flowers, moderately frozen trees retain fewer flowers, and lightly frozen trees retain fewer flowers. Remove deformed and inferior flowers and appropriate amount of fruit. 10.3.4 Wound protection. After freezing, scrape off the frozen bark and other necrotic tissues in time, cut off the dead branches, and apply medicine to the wound to prevent infection such as resin disease and skirt rot.
11 Disease and pest control
11.1 Prevention and control principles
Prevention is the main method, and comprehensive prevention and control is adopted. Based on agricultural and physical control, with biological control as the core, chemical control is adopted in accordance with the occurrence law and economic value of diseases and pests to control diseases and pests. 11.2 Quarantine disease and pest control
11.21 Huanglongbing
11.2.1.1 It is strictly forbidden to transport seedlings and scions from the epidemic area, establish a virus-free nursery, and cultivate virus-free seedlings. The nursery is more than 5km away from the diseased orchard or blocked by forests and mountains. It is recommended to plant virus-free seedlings in new orchards and stay away from old diseased orchards. 11.2.1.2 Eliminate psyllids and other vector insects. Use pesticides to control psyllids during the tender shoot period. If diseased trees are found, dig them up and destroy them immediately. 11.2.2 Canker
11.2.2.1 It is strictly forbidden to transport seedlings, grafted sugars, fruits and seeds from the diseased areas. New orchards are encouraged to plant virus-free seedlings, and stay away from old diseased orchards. 11.2.2.2 Suitable period for prevention and control. New leaf unfolding period (from 2 cm of each secondary shoot to turning green and mature), young fruit period (10d~50d after flowering), fruit swelling period; after mechanical damage caused by heavy rain and ice buds. 11.2.2.3 Prevention and control indicators. For orchards with less disease in the previous growing season, prevention and control should be carried out at the early stage of lesions: for orchards with more serious disease, pesticides should be applied for protection at all major prevention and control periods.
11.2.2.4 Prevention and control techniques. Remove diseased leaves and branches on the crown. Strictly prevent and control leaf miners. Copper preparations or streptomycin can be used alternately at each prevention and control period. Copper preparations should be used in the late stage of fruit expansion (from July to before fruit harvest, especially in the hot season). 11.2.3 Fruit flies
Fruits, seeds and seedlings with soil should not be transported from the epidemic area in the non-epidemic area. Seedlings should not be raised in orchards and their surroundings in the affected area. Intertillage should be carried out to kill pupae. Fallen fruits should be picked up and burned, boiled or deep-processed. Male insects can be killed by sex attractants or by pesticides and brown sugar during the emergence period of adults. Fruits should be bagged to avoid damage. 11.3 Prevention and control of major non-quarantine pests and diseases
11.3.1 Mites
Orange mites have an average of 2 heads per leaf after the beginning of spring. Rust mites can be controlled by drugs after May when the back of the leaves of the spring shoots of the current year or one fruit is damaged. It is recommended to use natural enemies such as Amblyseius nisoloni and Amblyseius cucurbitus. Orchard intercropping and grass cultivation can protect natural enemies. 11.3.2 Lizards
Prune the insect branches to reduce the insect sources. It is recommended to use natural enemies such as Japanese square-headed beetles for prevention and control. Apply pesticides 25 to 30 days after the first flowering. It is recommended to use biological pesticides such as bitter and smoke water to protect natural enemies. 11.3.3 Anthracnose
The pathogen is a parasitic fungus. Cultivation management should be strengthened to enhance the tree vigor, prevent cold and frost, and prevent other diseases and insect pests in time. In the spring, summer and late autumn shoots, if abnormal climate occurs, individual branches and leaves begin to become ill, spray pesticides in time. In orchards where the fruit was severely infected in previous years, spray the fruit at the color change period. 11.4 Chemical control
11.4.1 Selection of pesticide types
11.4.1.1 Types of pesticides prohibited for use are shown in Appendix C. This list will be revised with the new regulations. 7
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2 Commonly used pesticide types
Commonly used pesticides are shown in Table 2.This table will be revised as new pesticide varieties are registered. 2 Major types of pesticides commonly used for pest control
Types of pests and diseases
Citrus red butterfly spider, four-spotted yellow spider
Rust mural
Lost tip Yu
Red wax Yu
Black thorn whitefly
Bud sister
Citrus large fruit fly, citrus small fruit fly
Citrus psyllid
Canker disease
Pain and dementia disease||tt| |Anthrax
Foot rot
Black spot
2 Use of pesticides
Common pesticides
Fenbamectin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, triazole pot, cypermethrin, bromocriptine, fenbutatin, cypermethrin, dimethoate, monomethoxyfen, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fenbutatin, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, bitter tobacco, dimethoate, engine oil emulsion quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate , bitter·nicotine thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, bitter·nicotine
trichlorfon, dichlorvos, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, acetamiprid, dimethoate, carbosulfan, cypermethrin, avermectin, acetamiprid, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, diazinon, fluazifon, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, dimethoate hydroxide Copper, copper oxychloride, copper chloran, silanol, chlorothalonil, copper rosinate, Bordeaux mixture, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, mancozeb, mancozeb, copper rosinate, mancozeb, bromothiocarb, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, prochloraz metalaxyl, lead triethyl phosphate
Mancozeb, Bordeaux mixture, polyoxins, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim are recommended to be applied at the appropriate period (low larval stage) for the control of major insect pests. Disease control should be carried out in the early stage of the disease. Strictly control the safe interval, application amount and number of applications, pay attention to the alternating use and reasonable mixing of pesticides with different mechanisms of action, avoid the development of drug resistance, and can be implemented in accordance with NY/T5015 regulations.
2 Fruit harvesting
Fresh fruit is harvested when the fruit matures normally and shows the quality characteristics of the variety such as color, fragrance, flavor and taste. Storage fruits and fruits for distant sale are harvested a few days earlier than fresh fruits, and should be harvested when they are 85% to 95% mature. It is recommended to harvest several times according to maturity, and use round-headed fruit shears to harvest fruits, requiring two cuts per fruit and even fruit stems. Deliver to the packaging plant (room) for commercial processing within 24 hours after harvesting. Nutrient elements
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Suitable reference values of nutrient elements in navel orange leavesSuitable content
25~100
50~120
30-100
Note: The values in the table refer to the leaves of spring shoots and nutrient branches that are 5 to 8 months old. Appendix B
(Informative Appendix]
Suitable reference values of soil nutrient content in navel orange orchardsElementsbZxz.net
Organic matter.g/kg
Total nitrogen, g/kg
Hydrolyzed nitrogen, mg/kg
Available phosphorus, mg/kg
Available potassium, mg/kg
Exchangeable calcium, mg/kg
Exchangeable magnesium, mg/kg
Note: Soil samples were collected from the 10cm~40cm soil layer.
Suitable value
0.10~0.15
100-200
100~300
500~2000
80~125
Available iron, mg/kg
Available zinc, mg/kg
Exchangeable manganese, mg/kg
Easily reducible manganese, mg/kg
Available copper, mg/kg
Water-soluble sodium, mg/kg
Available sodium, mg/kg
NY/T977—2006
Account for dry matter weight
mmg/kg
Suitable value
100-200
NY/T977—2006
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Types of pesticides prohibited
No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture: 666, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, insecticide, dibromoethane, herbicide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic Lead, diclofenac, fluoroacetamide, fluorinated fluoride, sodium fluoroacetate, tetramine, silanol and other 18 highly toxic, high-residue and three-hazard (teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic) pesticides are prohibited from use. Phosphamidon, phorate, parathion (1605), methyl parathion, monocrotophos, methylamidophos, demeton (1059), methyl isoflavone, terbufos, methyl thiocyclamate, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran (furan), pyrimidine, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos are prohibited from use on fruit trees, tea and vegetables.
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