This standard applies to teleprotection command systems that are generally used in conjunction with protection devices to transmit command signals. The purpose of this standard is to specify the performance requirements of command teleprotection equipment and to recommend test methods. The information transmitted by the teleprotection equipment can be analog or digital. The command teleprotection equipment described in this standard can be a power line carrier device; it can be an audio device connected to various analog communication systems such as power line carrier, radio, optical fiber, leased circuit, leased or dedicated cable, etc.; it can also be a digital device connected to various digital communication systems such as optical fiber, radio, leased or dedicated digital circuits, etc. GB/T 15149.1-2002 Performance and test methods of teleprotection equipment in power systems Part 1: Command system GB/T15149.1-2002 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS29.240.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 15149.1—2002
idt IEC 60834-1:1999
Teleprotection equipment of power systems-Performance and testing
Part 1: Command systems
Published on 2002-03-26
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 2002-12-01
GB/T 15149.1—2002
IEC Foreword
1 General
1.1 Scope
Cited standards
Working conditions
Communication system used
2 Characteristics of command teleprotection systems
2.1 Command teleprotection types
Total operating time of teleprotection systems (including communication circuits) Transmission time (excluding communication circuits)
Safety
Reliability||tt ||2.6 Nominal frequency band or nominal bit rate
2.7 Nominal impedance
2.8 Monitoring and command signals
Monitoring signal level (for analog systems only) 2.9
2.10 Command signal level (for analog systems only) 3 Requirements for command teleprotection systems
3.1 General requirements for equipment interfaces
3.2 Power supply requirements
3.3 Performance requirements for teleprotection systems
4 Test methods
4.1 General tests on equipment interfaces ·
Power supply test ·
Performance test of teleprotection system ·
rre++hhherr
Appendix A (suggestive appendix)
Appendix B (suggestive appendix)
Performance test of teleprotection system
Binary symmetric channel (BSC) model
Appendix ((suggestive appendix) Security analysis example of simple protocol
Operation Special Special Electric Power State Operation Quantity||tt| |Electric regulation national product quality
Telephone 1
GB/T15149.1—2002
This standard is equivalent to the international standard IEC60834-1:1999 "Performance and test methods of remote protection equipment in power systems Part 1: Command system".
When a fault occurs in the power system, the protection devices at both ends of the line must transmit information through the remote protection device so that it can selectively and quickly operate to remove the fault. Remote protection equipment is divided into command type and analog comparison type. Command type equipment transmits command signals such as direct tripping, permitted tripping or locked tripping between the two ends of the line to enable the relevant switches to operate correctly. Analog comparison type equipment transmits information such as the amplitude and phase of the power frequency electricity between the two ends of the line, so that the protection device can determine whether the fault occurs inside or outside the protection zone, and thus operate correctly accordingly. Remote protection equipment is of great significance to the safe operation of power systems and is widely used at home and abroad. Under the title of IEC60834 "Performance and test methods of teleprotection equipment", the International Electrotechnical Commission issued two international standards, IEC60834-1 "Narrowband command system" in 1988 and IEC60834-2 "Analog comparison system" in 1993. We adopted these two standards to compile and publish two national standards, GB/T15149--1994 and GB/T15149.2-1998. Later, the International Electrotechnical Commission revised IEC60834-1 and issued the new international standard IEC60834-1:1999 for teleprotection equipment command system in October 1999.
The revised version of IEC60834-1 specifies the terminology, performance requirements and test methods of command teleprotection equipment. Compared with the first edition, it retains the original analog communication content, and with the progress of science and technology, it has added a large number of digital communication related contents, and also supplemented or modified some performance indicators. For example, the transmission time of analog channel remote protection in the original standard is too long, which does not fully meet the requirements of ultra-high voltage line protection. The new standard has shortened it. Obviously, such supplementary modifications are very necessary. This standard is exactly the same as the revised version of IEC60834-1 in terms of chapter numbering, technical content and textual expression. In addition, according to the provisions of my country's adoption of international standards, some individual terms have been modified, and necessary adoption instructions have been added to the corresponding provisions. The drawings of this standard are listed after the standard provisions, which is also consistent with the international standard. As mentioned above, GB/T15149 "Performance and Test Methods of Remote Protection Equipment in Power Systems" contains two parts: Part 1: Command System (i.e. GB/T15149.1); Part 2: Analog Comparison System (i.e. GB/T15149.2). This standard replaces GB/T15149-1994 from the date of implementation. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all suggested appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Control and Communication Standardization of Power Systems. This standard was drafted by the State Grid Corporation of China Electric Power Automation Research Institute, the State Grid Corporation of China Northwest Electric Power Design Institute, Xu Jichang South Communication Equipment Company, and Jiangsu Hongtu High-tech Communication Equipment Company. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Daoyuan, Li Shun, Wang Nenggui, and Qiu Xunyong. This standard was first published in July 1994. This is the first revision. GB/T 15149. 1--2002
IEC Foreword
1) International Electrotechnical Commission IEC is an international standardization organization composed of national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The purpose of IEC is to promote international cooperation on issues related to standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. For this purpose and other work, IEC publishes international standards. The preparation of standards is entrusted to technical committees. Any national committee interested in the subject, as well as international, governmental and non-governmental organizations associated with IEC, can participate in the preparation work. IEC and the International Organization for Standardization ISO have achieved close cooperation under the conditions stipulated in the agreement between the two organizations. 2) Formal IEC resolutions or agreements on technical issues, drawn up by technical committees in which all national committees with particular interest participate, express as nearly as possible the international consensus on the issues involved. 3) These resolutions or agreements are published in the form of international standards, technical reports or guidance documents as recommendations for international use and are accepted by the national committees in this sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, the IEC national committees agree to directly adopt IEC international standards as their national or regional standards to the greatest extent possible. Any inconsistency between IEC standards and corresponding national or regional standards shall be clearly indicated in the text of the latter. 5) IEC does not have a marking procedure to indicate its approval, nor does it assume responsibility for any equipment claiming to conform to its standards. 6) Noting that some parts of this international standard may be the subject of patent rights, IEC does not assume responsibility for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC60834-1 was prepared by Technical Committee 57 (Power System Control and Communication) of the International Electrotechnical Commission. This second edition of the standard cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1988. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: Final Draft
57/406/FDIS
The full details of the voting for this report can be found in the above-mentioned voting report. This standard has been prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the ISO/IEC Directives. Annexes A, B and C of this standard are informative annexes. Voting Report
57/425/RVD
The committee decided that this standard will be valid until 2004. At that time, according to the decision of the committee, this standard will be confirmed as continuing to be valid;
repealed,
replaced by a revised version; or
revised.
1 General
1.1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Performance and test methods of teleprotection equipment of power systems-
Part 1: Command systems
GB/T15149.1—2002
idt IEC 60834-1:1999
Replaces GB/T15149—1994
This standard applies to teleprotection command systems that are generally used in conjunction with protection devices to transmit command signals. The purpose of this standard is to specify the performance requirements of command teleprotection equipment and to recommend test methods. The information transmitted by the teleprotection equipment can be analog or digital.
The command teleprotection equipment described in this standard can be a power line carrier device; it can be an audio device connected to various analog communication systems such as power line carrier, radio, optical fiber, leased circuit, leased or dedicated cable, etc.; it can also be a digital device connected to various digital communication systems such as optical fiber, radio, leased or dedicated digital circuits, etc. The command teleprotection equipment can be a separate device or assembled with the protection device. In addition to the performance test of the teleprotection equipment itself, the power supply of the teleprotection equipment should also be tested. All tests should be type tests.
Note: According to the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), type testing is a test conducted on one or more products manufactured according to a certain design, with the purpose of verifying whether the design of the product meets the requirements.
1.2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB9254—1998 Limits and measurement methods of radio disturbances for information technology equipment (idtCISPR22:1997) GB/T15153.1-1998 Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 2: Working conditions Part 1: Power supply and electromagnetic compatibility (idtIEC 60870-2-1:1995)
GB/T15153.2-2000 Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 2: Working conditions Part 2: Environmental conditions (climate, mechanical and other non-electrical influences) (idtIEC60870-2-2:1996) GB/T16927.1-1997 High voltage test technology Part 1: General test requirements (eqvIEC60060-1:1989) GB/T17626.1-1998 Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology Immunity test general (idtIE C61000-4-1:1992)IEC60050 (151):1978 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 151: Electromagnetic DevicesIEC60050 (448):1995 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 448: Power System ProtectionITU-TG.823:1993 Control of jitter and drift in data networks based on 2048kbit/s structure 1.3 Working conditions
Referring to GB/T15153.1 and GB/T15153.2, the following provisions apply to command-type remote protection equipment. Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on March 26, 2002, and implemented on December 1, 2002
GB/T 15149.1—2002
Special or detailed requirements for other environmental conditions (climate, mechanical or other non-electrical influences) are not included in the following provisions and should be determined by the user and the manufacturer based on the operation and life requirements of the equipment, and the special grades specified in the above IEC standards should be given priority. C2 is the preferred grade for harsh environments (temperature range -25C to +55C), but the maximum relative humidity should be specified as 95%. 1.3.1 Environmental conditions
Equipment performance should meet the requirements under B3 environmental conditions (enclosed places, air temperature is controlled). The main parameters of B3 level are: - Temperature range: +5℃～+40C
1.3.2 DC power supply voltage
The typical nominal value of DC power supply voltage is 250, 220, 125, 110, 60, 48 or 24V. The performance of the equipment should meet the requirements under the following voltage tolerance levels: Voltage tolerance: DC3-20%～+15%
1.3.3 AC power supply voltage
The nominal value of AC power supply voltage should be selected from 230V, 220V gate or 110V effective value, single-phase 50Hz or 60Hz. The equipment performance should meet the requirements under the following tolerance levels: Voltage tolerance: AC2+10%~-15%
Frequency tolerance: F3±5%
Harmonic content: H1<5%
1.3.4 Storage conditions
During storage or transportation, when the storage place level is C3 and the transportation level is C2, the equipment should not be damaged. The main parameters of these two grades are:
Temperature range 40℃～+70C
1.4 Communication system used
The following communication systems can be used:
a) Audio cable circuit;
b) Cable or overhead line carrier circuit;
c) Power line cable carrier circuit:
d) Power line carrier (PLC) circuit;
e) Point-to-point wireless circuit (microwave);
f) Leased circuit;
g) Optical fiber circuit.
The communication system should be carefully selected. It can be affected by noise, parameter changes or other interference, causing the remote protection equipment to erroneously operate or refuse to operate.
A remote protection system that works in audio mode (for example, using part of the 4kHz band) is shown in Figure 1. The remote protection signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver through the communication system. A remote protection system using power line carrier is shown in Figure 2. Figures 1 and 2 are applicable to teleprotection systems that send and receive frequency shift keying carriers or often do not send signals. The digital teleprotection system directly connected via optical fiber is shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows another method for connecting a digital teleprotection system to a digital communication system via a multiplexing device. Figures 3 and 4 are applicable to teleprotection systems that send and receive digital signals. Figures 1 to 4 are only examples of teleprotection connection methods. There are other possible connection methods that are not shown in the figures. 1.5 Definitions
Adoption instructions:
1]*220V\ is added according to the provisions of my country's national standard GB156-1993 "Standard Voltage" (neqIEC38:1983) when it was adopted. 2
GB/T15149.1—2002
This standard adopts the following definitions. Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between the basic terms used. 1.5.1 Protection (IEV 448-11-01) A facility that detects faults or other abnormal conditions in a power system and thereby removes the fault, ends the abnormal condition, or sends a signal or indication. Notes
1 The term "protection" is a general term for protection devices or protection systems. 2 The term "protection" can be used to describe the protection of the entire power system or the protection of individual equipment in the power system, such as transformer protection, line protection, generator protection, etc.
3 Protection does not include equipment in the power system itself, such as devices that limit overvoltages in the system, but includes equipment that controls voltage or frequency deviations in the power system, such as automatic reactor switching. Automatic load reduction devices, etc. 1.5.2 Protection equipment protection equipment (IEV 448-11-03) A device that is composed of one or more protection relays and, if necessary, logic elements, to achieve one or more protection functions. Note: A protection device is a part of a protection system. For example: distance protection device, phase comparison protection device. (The phase comparison protection device is part of one end of the phase comparison protection system.) 1.5.3 Protection system protection system (IEV 448-11-04) A set of equipment consisting of one or more protection devices and other equipment to achieve one or more protection functions. Note
The protection system includes one or more protection devices, transformers, wiring, tripping circuits, auxiliary power supplies, and, if any, the communication system. According to the principle of the protection system 1
, its scope may include one or more ends of the protected section, and possible automatic reclosing devices. 2 The protection system does not include circuit breakers.
1.5.4 Selectivity of protection (IEV 448-11-06) The ability of protection to identify faulty sections and faulty phases of the power system. 1.5.5 Unit protection (IEV448-11-09) Protection whose action and section selectivity depend on the comparison of the electrical quantities at each end of the protected section. Note: "Unit" refers to the main equipment. "Unit protection" is clearly defined as generator protection in the United States. 1.5.6 Non-unit protection (IEV448-11-10) The action and selectivity of the section depend on the measurement of the electric quantity at one end of the protection section by the measuring relay, and sometimes the protection of the exchange of signals between the ends of the protection section.
Note: The selectivity of the section of non-unit protection may depend on its setting value. In particular, it is related to time. 1.5.7 Distance protection (IEV 448-14-01) Non-unit protection whose action and selectivity depend on the calculation of the equivalent distance of the fault by comparing the measured value of the local electric quantity with the protection stage setting value.
1.5.8 Underreach (IEV 448-14-05) Protection (generally distance protection) with the equivalent distance of the shortest protection stage setting value shorter than the length of the protection line. 1.5.9 Overreach (IEV 448-14-07) Protection (generally distance protection) with the equivalent distance of the shortest protection stage setting value longer than the length of the protection line. 1.5.10 Teleprotection equipment is a specially designed equipment matching the protection device, connected to the communication circuit between the two ends of the protection line, and converts the information sent by the protection device into a form suitable for communication transmission.
1.5.10.1 Teleprotection system is a system composed of teleprotection equipment and the communication system between the two ends of the protected line. 1.5.10.2 Teleprotection channel is the frequency band or bit rate provided by the communication system for transmitting protection information. Note: The teleprotection channel can be analog or digital. In the analog channel, even if the information transmitted is digital, the instantaneous value of the signal changes continuously. In the digital channel, the instantaneous value of the signal can only be a few (usually 2 or 3) discrete level values. In the digital system, the clock information is often transmitted synchronously with the data. It can be combined with the data or transmitted separately in the form of a clock signal, which is determined by the interface type. The clock information shall be considered as part of the remote protection channel.
1.5.10.3 Communication system - communication circuit communication system (communication circuit) consists of communication equipment and related physical circuits to transmit signals over a certain distance. 1.5.11 Pilot wire protection (IEV 448-15-04) Protection of metallic communication lines.
1.5.12 Power line carrier protection (IEV448-15-05) Protection of communication circuits using power line carriers. 1.5.13 Microwave link protection (IEV448-15-06) Protection using microwave communication circuits.
1.5.14 Communication-aided distance protection Communication-aided distance protection Distance protection using communication technology to improve performance. 1.5.15 Permissive protection (IEV 448-14-09) Protection that allows local tripping only after receiving a signal, generally distance protection. 1.5.16 Permissive under-range protection Permissive Underreach protection (PUP) (IEV448-15-11) Both ends of the line are equipped with underreach protection using communication, generally distance protection; the underreach protection at one end sends a signal after detecting a fault, and the permissive underreach protection at the other end, if it also detects a fault, will start tripping after receiving the signal. 1.5.17 Permissive overreach protection (POP) (IEV448-03-09) Both ends of the line are equipped with overreach protection using communication, generally distance protection; the overreach protection at one end After the protection detects a fault, it sends a signal. If the permissive overreach protection at the other end also detects a fault, it will start tripping after receiving the signal. 1.5.18 Accelerated underreach protection (AUP) (IEV448-15-13) Both ends of the line are equipped with underreach protection using communication, generally distance protection; the underreach protection at one end sends a signal after detecting a fault. After receiving the signal, the other end allows the overreach section to be measured. If the fault is within the protection range, it will start tripping. 1.5.19 Blocking protection protection（IEV448-14-10）After receiving the signal from the other end, the local protection is blocked and does not start tripping, usually distance protection. 1.5.20 Blocking overreach protection（BOP）（IEV 448-15-14）Each end of the line is equipped with overreach protection using communication, usually distance protection; the overreach protection at one end sends a signal after detecting a fault outside the reverse zone, and after the other end receives the signal, the overreach protection at that end is blocked and does not start tripping. 1.5.21 Longitudinal differential protection（IEV448-14-16）The action and selectivity depend on the comparison of the amplitude of the current at each end of the protection line or the comparison of the amplitude and phase of the current. 1.5.22 Phase comparison protection（IEV448-14-18）The action and selectivity depend on the comparison of the phase of the current at each end of the protection line. 1.5.23 Intertripping (IEV448-15-08) The tripping of the circuit breaker is initiated by a signal sent from the other end, regardless of the operating status of the local protection. 2 Characteristics of command teleprotection systems
The following clauses refer to the terms used in this standard and the specifications of the teleprotection system, see 3.3.1. 2.1 Command teleprotection types
a) Permitted tripping (see 1.5)
A method of initiating tripping based on the receipt of commands and the operation of local protection devices. The command channel can be audio frequency band, power line carrier frequency band or digital bit rate. The first requirement for the channel is often a high degree of reliability of action, even when the communication medium is severely disturbed by faults in the power system.
b) Remote tripping (or direct tripping, see 1.5) 4
GB/T 15149.1—2002
A method in which the tripping is initiated upon receiving a command, regardless of how the local protection device operates. The principle of the channel used is the same as that of the permissive tripping, but the safety of no false action and the reliability of no rejection of action are the first requirements. In order to achieve the requirements of safety and reliability, the action speed is often appropriately reduced, especially in the case of analog communication systems. c) Blocking protection (see 1.5)
A method in which the local protection device is blocked by the received command. The principle of the channel used is the same as that of the permissive tripping, but the reliability and transmission speed are the first requirements.
2.2 Total operating time of the teleprotection system (including communication circuit) The total operating time T of the teleprotection system is the time from the moment the state of the command input changes to the moment the state of the command output changes accordingly, including the signal propagation time and the additional delay caused by noise. The total operating time of the teleprotection system has an impact on the fault removal time (Figure 6). Note: The fault removal time Tc in Figure 6 is only a typical value. 2.3 Transmission time (excluding communication circuit) The transmission time of the teleprotection system is the time from the moment the state of the command input changes to the moment the state of the command output changes accordingly, excluding the propagation time of the signal in the communication circuit. The nominal transmission time T is the transmission time in the noise-free condition (see 4.3.3). The maximum practical transmission time Ta is the maximum transmission time that achieves the specified reliability under the noise condition of a given signal-to-noise ratio S/N or bit error rate BER.
Depending on the type of teleprotection system, the transmission time can be measured under the condition of continuous white noise or random bit errors applied to the transmission path. The maximum practical transmission time (typical value 2ms ~ 65ms, as shown in Figure 6) is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio or bit error rate value. The transmission time measurement should be carried out under conditions as close to the actual situation as possible. Some teleprotection equipment has an action position or a prohibition function, which will affect the transmission time under noise conditions. 2.4 Safety
Safety refers to the ability of the remote protection to resist interference and noise without sending a command signal, and the receiving end does not appear in the command state. For the convenience of actual operation, the false command probability puc is generally measured (see 4.3.1.1 and 4.3.2.1). Safety is:
1-pue
A false command refers to a command output by the receiving end that exceeds the specified duration without sending a command. For example, if the duration of a false command output state T exceeds the specified value, it is considered to be an actual command. For the permissive tripping type, the risk of a false command causing an erroneous tripping action is generally smaller; for the remote tripping or direct tripping type, each false command may cause an erroneous tripping.
For the blocking type, depending on the length of the false command duration T, the tripping may be delayed or not tripped, reducing the reliability of the remote protection.
In the analog remote protection system, the false command probability is measured by applying a white noise pulse group to the transmission path. The probability of false commands P is the ratio of the number of false commands at the receiving end to the number of white noise pulse groups of a specified duration applied at various signal-to-noise ratios. This method of applying noise pulse groups is as consistent as possible with the actual situation (e.g. operation of circuit breakers and disconnectors, arc noise, etc.), and the test results of different equipment can be compared with each other (see 4.3). The probability of false commands should be measured by applying noise pulse groups, because in the case of continuous noise, the output of the receiver will be blocked after a certain period of time. There should be enough interval between two noise pulse groups to allow the receiver to recover.
In digital teleprotection systems, the probability of false commands is measured by applying random error pulse groups. This is necessary for teleprotection equipment with an inhibition circuit that will operate under a certain bit error rate. For teleprotection equipment without an inhibition or blocking circuit, the interval between two error pulse groups can be reduced. It is also necessary to test whether false commands are generated when the mathematical teleprotection path is completely interrupted or reconnected. The probability of false commands Pu is the ratio of the number of false commands at the receiving end to the number of error pulse groups applied under various bit error rates. 5
2.5 Reliability
GB/T15149.1—2002
Reliability is the ability to effectively issue and receive commands in the presence of interference or noise. For the convenience of practical operation, the probability of lost commands pmc is generally measured (see 4.3.1.2 and 4.3.2.2). Reliability is:
1—pms
After the command is issued by the transmitter, if the following conditions occur, it is considered to be a lost command: a) The command state does not appear at the receiving end, or the delay of the command is too long; b) The duration of the command state at the receiving end is less than the specified value. In the above a) and b) cases, for the tripping or permissive tripping remote protection system, the protection system will refuse to operate or delay tripping when there is a fault in the area. For the interlocking teleprotection system, it will cause the protection system to erroneously operate in the event of an out-of-zone fault, reducing safety. The probability of lost commands is measured by sending commands under the condition of applying white noise pulse groups or random bit error pulse groups to the transmission path. The probability of lost commands pm is the ratio of the number of commands not received within the specified time (or the duration is less than the specified value, see case b) above) to the number of commands sent by the transmitter under various signal-to-noise ratios or bit error rates. For teleprotection systems without or without interlocking circuits, the test can be conducted by applying continuous white noise or continuous random bit errors. This method is as consistent as possible with the actual situation and is also convenient for comparing the test results of different devices. 2.6 Nominal frequency band or nominal bit rate
The nominal frequency band of analog teleprotection is the bandwidth required for the device to realize its functions (including noise-related requirements). Bandwidth affects transmission time. In analog teleprotection systems, the frequency band used is related to other communication services in the same channel. The frequency band of the channel used for digital teleprotection should be wide enough so that the bit rate of the teleprotection signal is high enough. The bit rate affects the transmission time.
2.7 Nominal impedance
The nominal impedance is the impedance value required by the input and output characteristics of the teleprotection device within the nominal frequency band. The nominal impedance of the audio teleprotection device is generally 6002. The nominal impedance of the power line carrier teleprotection device should be consistent with other power line carrier devices. The typical value is 50Q or 752 for unbalanced type and 1502 for balanced type. The nominal impedance of the digital teleprotection device is determined by the digital interface used. 2.8 Monitoring signal and command signal
The monitoring signal is a signal sent to monitor whether the teleprotection system is working properly, which can effectively monitor the quality of the channel transmission signal. Other monitoring methods can also be used. When the monitoring signal exists, the teleprotection receiving end should not have a command output. The command signal is a signal sent to change the output state of the receiving end. The requirements for the command signal are determined by the type of teleprotection defined in 2.1.
2.9 Monitoring signal level (only for analog systems) In dedicated teleprotection equipment, the monitoring signal level is related to the transmitter output power and should meet the requirements of its peak envelope power (PEP). In power line carrier teleprotection equipment, other communication services are often multiplexed on the carrier circuit. When the protection device is started, it may be required to interrupt other signals and increase the monitoring signal level to the full transmission power level. Some dedicated teleprotection equipment also adopts the method of increasing the monitoring signal level, such as systems that do not send signals at ordinary times, or power line carrier protection transceivers.
2.10 Command signal level (only for analog systems) In dedicated teleprotection equipment, the command signal level is the same as the monitoring signal level and is also related to the peak envelope power (PEP) of the transmitter.
When the monitoring signal level is increased, the command signal level is also increased. However, generally only the command signal level is increased without increasing the monitoring signal level.
3 Requirements for command teleprotection systems
3.1 General requirements for equipment interfaces
GB/T 15149. 1--2002
The following requirements apply to the interfaces between the protection device and the teleprotection equipment and between the teleprotection equipment and the communication system, i.e., interfaces a and b in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, regardless of whether the equipment is assembled together or separated from each other. If the protection device and the teleprotection equipment are combined into one device and installed in the same cabinet at the same location, there is no interface a, and the requirements for interface a do not apply. If the teleprotection equipment and the communication equipment are combined into one device and installed in the same cabinet at the same location, there is no interface b, and the requirements for interface b do not apply.
3.1.1 InsulationbZxz.net
For insulation voltage test, see 3.1.2.
3.1.2 Insulation test voltage
The insulation test voltage requirements are consistent with those specified in GB/T15153.1. All input and output terminals (including power terminals) of the equipment should be able to withstand the following levels of insulation test voltage without any damage. VW1 for all sending and receiving terminals (interface b in Figure 1 and Figure 4); VW2 for DC terminals with voltage below 60V. VW3 for other terminals with voltage of 250V and below. The specific voltage values ​​of the above levels are shown in Table 1. Table 1
Power frequency voltage (effective value)
kV.50/60Hz
Insulation test voltage Requirements for other levels shall be determined by negotiation between the user and the manufacturer. 1.2/50μs impulse voltage (peak value)
When the temperature is below +35C and the relative humidity is below 75%, the insulation resistance of the circuit shall not be less than 100M2. The insulation voltage test shall be carried out with the power switch of the equipment closed but not connected to the power supply. 3.1.3 Attenuated Oscillating Wave Interference Voltage
To test the immunity of the equipment to interference caused by high-voltage line operation or failure, the following test corresponding to A2.5 in GB/T15153.1-1998 shall be carried out.
All input and output terminals (including power supply terminals) shall be able to withstand the attenuated oscillation waves applied to the terminals in common mode and differential mode without any damage or false command output. For the communication interface, only the common mode test is required. The standard peak value of the test voltage shall be 2.5kV, which is equivalent to the severity level 3 in Table 12 of GB/T15153.1-1998. (Severe level 3: The equipment is installed in an environment without special protection: the controlled station equipment or the remote terminal is located in the living area or industrial area.) The differential mode test voltage value shall be half of the common mode test voltage value. The test shall be carried out when the equipment is in operation. 3.1.4 Fast transient pulse group interference voltage
To test the immunity of the equipment to the interference caused by switching of circuits with small inductive loads, bounce of relay contacts and high-voltage switch operation, the following corresponding to A2 in GB/T15153.1-1998 should be carried out.3. All input and output terminals (including power terminals) should be able to withstand fast transient pulse groups applied to the terminals in common mode and differential mode without any damage or false command output. For the communication interface, only common mode test is required. The test failure should be evaluated according to Table 16 in GB/T15153.1-1998. The determination of the failure level should be agreed upon by both the manufacturer and the user. The standard peak value of the test voltage should be 2.0kV, which is equivalent to the severity level 3 in Table 12 in GB/T15153.1-1998. GB/T 15149.1—2002
(Severity level 3: Equipment is installed in an environment without special protection: the controlled station equipment or remote terminal is located in the living area or industrial area.) If the manufacturer and the user agree, the test voltage peak can be 4.0kV, which is equivalent to the severity level 4 in Table 12 of GB/T15153.1--1998
The differential mode test voltage peak should be 1.0kV or 2.0kV according to the severity level. The test should be carried out when the equipment is in operation. 3.1.5 Electrostatic discharge interference voltage
To test the immunity of the equipment to electrostatic discharge between the charged operator and the equipment or between two adjacent objects, the following test corresponding to A3.1 in GB/T15153.1-1998 should be carried out. The standard peak value of the contact discharge test voltage should be 8.0kV, which is equivalent to the severity level 4 in Table 13 of GB/T15153.1-1998. If contact discharge is not possible, air discharge can also be performed. The peak value of the air discharge test voltage is 15kV, which is equivalent to severity level 4. (Severity level 4: the controlled station equipment and remote terminal are installed in an uncontrolled place.) When conducting the above test, the equipment should not be damaged or have false command output. The test should be carried out when the equipment is running. 3.1.6 Electromagnetic field radiation interference
To test the immunity of the equipment to the interference of the electromagnetic field generated by a portable radio transceiver or any other equipment, the following test corresponding to A5.1 in GB/T15153.1-1998 should be carried out. The test field strength of the electromagnetic field should be 10V/m, which is equivalent to severity level 3 in Table 15 of GB/T15153.1-1998. (Severity level 3: the equipment is installed in a severe radiation environment: the controlled station equipment or remote terminal is located in a living area, industrial area or power plant.) When conducting the electromagnetic field test, the equipment should not be damaged or have false command output. The test should be carried out when the equipment is installed in an open frame and in operation. 3.1.7 Radio Interference Emission
The limit of electromagnetic interference generated by the equipment that may affect the performance of other components in the system or the external environment should be determined. For all input and output terminals (including power terminals), the radio interference voltage test should be carried out according to Grade A in Table 17 of GB/T15153.1-1998.
The radio electromagnetic field radiation test should be carried out according to Grade A in Table 17 of GB/T15153.1-1998. (Grade A: The equipment of the control center, the controlled station or the remote terminal is located in an industrial area or a power plant.) The test should be carried out when the equipment is installed in an open frame and in operation. 3.2 Power Supply Requirements
3.2.1 Power Supply Voltage Change
All teleprotection equipment should be able to withstand the slow change of the power supply voltage from the nominal value to zero and from zero to the nominal value (not less than 10s) without any damage or false command output. During the test, the alarm circuit should be checked for correct operation. 3.2.2 Power interruption
To test the ability of the equipment to withstand short-term voltage drop or interruption caused by interference in the power line or loose connection, the following test corresponding to A1.5 in GB/T15153.1-1998 should be carried out. The power supply voltage drop should be 100% of the nominal voltage for 10ms, which is equivalent to the severity level 1 in Table 11 of GB/T15153.1.
(Severity level 1: The equipment, system and remote terminal have dedicated power supply equipment, such as an uninterruptible power supply system or a regulated DC power supply with a battery.)
All remote protection equipment should be able to withstand short-term random sequence interruptions within 20s of power supply without false command output, and each interruption time should not exceed 10ms.
When the power supply is restored after a long power outage, the equipment will not output false commands. If AC power is used, the power outage time may be long, and an uninterruptible power supply UPS should be used. 3.2.3 Low frequency interference output
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