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This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard are Southwest Agricultural University and Chongqing Economic Crops Technology Extension Station. The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Shenglin, Liu Peiying and Xia Pingyou. NY/T715--2003
1 Scope
Technical regulations for konjac seed breeding
NY/T715—2003
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, propagation system, propagation technology, harvesting and storage of flower konjac (Amorphophallus konjacKoch) and white konjac (A.albusLiuetChen) seed breeding. This standard is applicable to konjac seed breeding.
2 Normative and referenced documentsbzxZ.net
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB4406 Seed potatoes
Plant Quarantine Regulations (State Council of the People's Republic of China) Implementation Rules of Plant Quarantine Regulations (Agriculture Part) (Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China) Measures for the Approval of Major Crop Varieties (Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China) 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Super seed corm
Corms and rhizomes selected from two-year-old konjac plants with the characteristics of this variety. 3.2
Basic seed corm
Corms and rhizomes that have been multiplied from basic seed for one year. 3.3
Elite seed corm
Corms and rhizomes that have been multiplied from basic seed.
4 Reproduction system and requirements
4.1 Reproduction system
It is divided into three levels, namely original seed→original seed→improved seed. 4.2 Reproduction requirements
All levels of seed taro bases should be established in areas with an average annual temperature of 14℃~~20℃, an average monthly temperature of 17℃~25℃ in July and August, and an average maximum monthly temperature of 20℃~30℃ in July and August, fertile and loose soil, and good shade conditions. Local production and local seed supply. 4.2.1 Original seed: The original seed comes from the bulbs and rhizomes of the two-year-old konjac, which are characterized by this variety, high yield, disease resistance (resistance), and strong plants. The bulbs are required to be in a correct shape, shallow bud nests, free of injuries, diseases, and insects. Select a plot that has not been planted with konjac for three years for reproduction. Operated by professional technicians.
4.2.2 Original seeds: Original seeds come from the bulbs and rhizomes of the original original plants, and the bulbs are required to be in good shape, without injury or disease. The original seeds 1
NY/T 715-—2003
The seed taro can continue to be propagated. If there is no significant degeneration, it can continue to provide one-year to two-year-old bulbs and rhizomes to the seed breeding farm for expansion. The land that has not been planted with konjac for the past year should be selected for breeding. There are professional and technical personnel to guide. 4.2.3 Improved varieties: The original seeds provided by the original seed farm should be classified and propagated according to the bulbs and rhizomes. The quality of the commercial improved varieties of konjac produced should not exceed 250g for each bulb, and 100g for each bulb. Choose a plot that has not been planted with konjac for two years for breeding.
5 kinds of taro propagation methods
5.1 Whole potato propagation
For flower konjac bulbs with a mass of less than 250g and white konjac bulbs with a mass of less than 100g, whole potatoes are cultivated and propagated. 5.2 Rhizome propagation
For rhizomes shorter than 10cm, they are cultivated and propagated in whole sections; for those longer than 10cm, they are cut into 2 to 4 sections for propagation, and each section should have buds. 5.3 Bulb cutting propagation
For disease-free flower konjac bulbs with a mass of more than 500g and white konjac bulbs with a mass of more than 100g, they can be cut and propagated. The time for cutting should be on a sunny day before planting in spring. Use a sharp knife to cut the top bud into 4 to 8 equal pieces longitudinally. Each cut piece of flower konjac weighs more than 50g and white konjac weighs more than 25g. They must have buds. Dry the incision and place it in a warm, ventilated and rain-proof place. After the wound heals, direct sowing or germination and seedling cultivation can be carried out. 5.4 Seed propagation
Plant several bulbs with flower buds in a special seed nursery at the same time, supplemented by artificial pollination, to obtain seeds. Sowing these seeds can obtain several times more propagation materials than asexual propagation. 5.5 Tissue culture propagation
Tissue culture seedlings obtained by in vitro tissue culture of bulbs or other organs or virus-free seedlings obtained by virus-free tissue culture of bud tips. 6 taro planting techniques
6.1 Disinfection of seed taro
Remove diseased taro from seed taro before planting, dry it in the sun for one or two days, then spray or soak the seeds with a drug for preventing and controlling konjac diseases for 1 hour and then dry them. 6.2 Planting density and method
The spacing between plants and rows is 4 times and 6 times the diameter of the seed taro bulb, and the spacing between plants and rows is 7 times and 14 times the horizontal diameter of the rhizome. In areas or plots with higher temperatures, intercropping with tall crops such as corn, sorghum or young economic forests should be appropriately shaded. 6.3 Fertilization
Use 15t/hm2 of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and use two-thirds of fertilizer containing 180kg/hm2 of nitrogen (N), 100kg/hm2 of phosphorus (P2Os), and 120kg/hm2 of potassium (K2O) as base fertilizer, and one-third as topdressing. 6.4 Field management
6.4.1 Weeding and soiling: Use herbicides to remove weeds before planting, and do not damage the roots during the growth period; after the buds emerge, use furrow soil to build up high ridges or ridges.
6.4.2 Soil covering: After soiling, cover the soil surface with straw or other straw. 6.4.3 Disease prevention and control: For bacterial soft rot (Errwinia carotovura pv.carotovora) and white rot (Sclcrotiunrolfsi) of konjac, comprehensive agricultural disease prevention measures, mainly good drainage, avoiding plant injury, appropriate shading, ridge cultivation and soil surface covering, supplemented by pesticide prevention, should be adopted. After the seedlings emerge, the roots should be irrigated with agricultural streptomycin; after the leaves are unfolded, agricultural streptomycin or methyl thiophanate or carbendazim should be sprayed every 1 week for at least four times; if diseased plants are found, they should be immediately pulled out and burned or buried deeply, and agricultural streptomycin should be sprayed on the base and surrounding areas of the diseased plants, and then quicklime should be spread for disinfection, and the soil should be pressed tightly to prevent the spread of the disease.
7 Harvest and storage
7.1 Harvest
NY/T715—2003
Harvest on a sunny day 10 days after seedlings are turned over. The bulbs and rhizomes must not be injured. After drying in the field for 5 hours, remove the soil, remove diseased and insect-damaged bulb graves, and classify them. Put them into sterilized, hard, pressure-resistant, and breathable special boxes and baskets in the field, and then move them to a rain-proof and ventilated place to continue air-drying for storage. 7.2 Storage
Maintain the storage temperature at 5℃～10℃ and the air humidity at 60%~80%. In low mountain areas with warm winter, open-air storage can be adopted. After turning over seedlings, insulation and anti-freezing measures such as re-soiling, film covering, and grass covering should be taken; after digging and harvesting seed taro in high-altitude mountainous areas with perennial frozen soil in winter, use indoor insulation storage to control the temperature not lower than 5℃ and not higher than 15℃. Strengthen ventilation in spring, pick up rotten seed taro at any time, and disinfect with quicklime.
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