GB/T 15148-1994 General technical requirements for power load control systems
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Specification for Load Control Systems1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the terminology, technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules for load control systems. GB/T15148-94
This standard applies to load control systems using radio, distribution line carrier, audio and other transmission methods. 2 Reference Standards
GB68792408kbit/s30-channel pulse code modulation multiplexing equipment technical requirements DL353 Power load control system data transmission protocol DL/T532 Radio load control unidirectional terminal technical conditions 3 Terms
3.1 Load control
Technical measures to control the user's power load. It can be referred to as load control. 3.2 Audio Power Load Control Ripple Control Technology that uses high and low voltage distribution lines to transmit audio control signals to achieve power load control. The signal frequency is generally 167~1 600Hz.
3.3 Radio load control Radio load control The technology of using radio channels to transmit control signals to achieve power load control is also called radio load control. 3.4 Distribution line carrier load control Distribution line carrier load control The technology of using distribution networks to transmit carrier control signals to achieve power load control. The signal frequency is generally above 3kHz. 3.5 Hybrid load control Hybrid load control system A power load control system composed of two or more control methods. 3.6 Load control center A station that can monitor and control each load control terminal, also known as the master control station. 3.7 Load control terminal unit A device installed at the user end and monitored and controlled by the load control center, also known as the controlled end. 3.8 One-way terminal One-way terminal unit A load control terminal that can only receive commands from the load control center. It is divided into two types: remote control switch and remote control dosing device. 3.9 Remote switch remote switch
A one-way terminal that receives remote control commands from the load control center to open and close the load switch. 3.10 Remote load control limiter A one-way terminal that receives the set value and remote control command from the power load control center. Two-way terminal unit
Two-way terminal
Approved by the State Technical Supervision Commission on July 7, 199424
Implemented on January 1, 1995
GB/T 15148—94
Equipment installed at the user end that can perform two-way data transmission with the power load control center and realize local control functions. Time of use electrical energy3.12
Electrical energy accumulated in the peak, valley and normal periods of the load curve. Power setting
The maximum power setting value allowed to the user during the power control period. Electrical energy setting3.14
The electrical energy setting value allowed to be used by the user within a specified time period (such as day or month)4 Technical requirements
4.1 Environmental conditions
4.1.1 Climatic environmental conditions
The climatic environmental conditions for the normal operation of power load control equipment are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Classification of climatic environmental conditions
Air temperature
Type of place
Heating and
(or) cooling
+18～+27
+15～+30
+5~～+40
5～→45
25～+55
25~+70
Maximum rate of change
Relative humidity
5～95
Including condensation
5～100
Including condensation
Maximum absolute humidity
See Figure 1
No technical limitation
In Table 1, the relationship between the air temperature, relative humidity and absolute humidity corresponding to the air-conditioned place is shown in Figure 1. Scope of application
Electric load control center
Electric load control center
Electric load control terminal
Electric load control terminal
Audio transmitter
Carrier transmitter and receiver
Special terminal
4.1.2 Atmospheric pressure
(%)
GB/T15148—94
Absolute air humidity (g/m dry air)
- 20 - 10
405060
Air temperature (℃)
Figure 1 Relationship between air temperature and humidity in air-conditioned places. See Table 2 for the atmospheric pressure in the use place.
Table 2 Atmospheric pressure classification
4.2 Power supply requirements
Atmospheric pressure, kPa
86~108
66~108
The power load control equipment adopts AC power supply, and the requirements are as follows: b. Rated voltage 220V, allowable deviation -20%~+15%; b. Harmonic content less than 5% (voltage total harmonic distortion rate); t.
Frequency 50Hz, allowable deviation -6%~+2%. The control center should have two AC power supplies and an uninterruptible power supply. Applicable altitude
Below 1 000 m
Below 3000 m
All types of terminals should be able to keep data for more than 72 hours after power failure, the clock should continue to run for more than 24 hours, and the output relay should be kept in the state before power failure.
4.3 System Design Requirements
4.3.1 System Composition
GB/T15148—94
Electric power load control is based on the city (region), and the basic system structure of the system is shown in Figure 2. City (region) power dispatching center
City (region) power load control center
Medium and small power users
Medium and small power users
County (district) power load control
Large power users
Medium and small power users
Upper load control center
Large power users
Substation
Large power users
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the basic system of power load control system Note: The division of large, medium and small power users is stipulated by each region. 4.3.2 System Configuration
4.3.2.1 Radio Load Control System
The radio load control system consists of the computer system of the power load control center (referred to as the master control machine), radio equipment, and various single and two-way terminals, as shown in Figure 3.
The master control machine generally consists of two mutually standby, automatically switched microcomputers, two or more printers, and two high-density color displays with screens larger than 14 inches.
City (region) power dispatching center
Radio load control center
Radio channel
Medium and small user terminals
Superior load control center
Large user two-way terminals
Figure 3 Configuration of radio load control system
GB/T 15148—94
The radio equipment in the load control center is two mutually standby, automatically switched radio stations, and their power is generally not more than 25W. When the terrain conditions are complex or the control radius is large (generally greater than 50km), a relay station must be set up in the system to receive and forward information. The operating frequency of the radio channel is selected in accordance with national regulations. The configuration of various single and two-way terminals is determined according to the power load conditions of various places. 4.3.2.2 Audio and carrier power load control system Audio and carrier power load control system consists of a main control machine, a local controller and audio or carrier signal transmitter and receiver, coupling equipment, and various single and two-way terminals. As shown in Figure 4.
The main control machine is generally composed of two mutually standby and automatically switched microcomputers, two or more printers and two high-density color displays with screens larger than 14 inches.
Local controllers, audio and carrier signal transmitter and receiver, and coupling equipment are installed in the substation. Through radio or wired channels, the local controller receives various commands sent by the main control machine, which are processed and amplified by the transmitter and receiver and then coupled to the distribution line. The control signal is transmitted to the power load control terminal at the end of the distribution network through high and low voltage distribution lines. The load information collected by the two-way terminal is also transmitted to the local controller through the distribution network, and then sent to the power load control center to realize the data collection function.
In areas where the distribution network is complex and the signal attenuation is large, the carrier power load control system can be equipped with an amplifier. The configuration of various single and two-way terminals can be determined according to the power load conditions in various places. City (region) power dispatching center
Audio or carrier power load control center
Radio channel or wired channel
Substation
Local controller
Audio, signal transmitter and receiver
Coupling equipment
One-way terminal
4.3.3 Data transmission protocol
Two-way terminal
High and low voltage distribution lines
Local controller
Audio, signal transmitter and receiver
Coupling equipment
One-way terminal
Figure 4 Audio, carrier power load control system configuration Substation power
Two-way terminal
Radio, distribution line carrier power load control system, and data transmission protocol between the audio power load control system master and the local controller, see DL353.
GB/T 15148--94
In the audio power load control system, the control code format between the audio signal transmitter and the power load control terminal is specified in the product standard.
4.4 Main control machine function
4.4.1 Management function
Prepare load control implementation plan;
Print various reports for daily, monthly and annual periods.
Load control function
Send system, partition and group broadcast commands automatically or manually at regular intervals to perform trip and closing operations; send power control, electric energy control input and release commands; set and adjust peak and valley time periods;
Set and adjust the power, power control time period and electric energy fixed value of grouped or single terminals; switch the time-sharing billing electric energy meter,
system time synchronization;
Send electric energy meter reading freeze command,
Timed and random remote meter reading.
Data processing function
Data rationality check;
Calculation function;
Automatic refresh of screen data;
Abnormal, over-limit or accident alarm;
Operation password check, confirmation and various operation commands check, confirmation and print records; real-time load curve (including daily, monthly and special users) drawing, chart display and copy; random query.
System self-diagnosis and self-recovery function
Automatic/manual switching of dual-machine master control machine;
Display alarm of abnormal operation of system software, with automatic or manual self-recovery function; Master station communication machine sends alarm and protection, channel switching indication; should be able to display the working status of the entire system hardware including channels. 4.4.5
Communication function
Exchange information with the power dispatching center;
Exchange information with the superior load control center or planned power management department; communicate with computer network.
Other functions
Communication function with the terminal during debugging;
Operation and monitoring of various electrical equipment in the distribution network. 4.5 Functions of various load control terminals
The functions of various load control terminals are shown in Table 3.
Clock synchronization
Energy meter reading freeze
Pulse counting input
Electric energy and power demand calculation
Daily and monthly time-sharing energy records
Voltage collection
Switch status collection
Local printing
Local display
Local setting of fixed values
Local control
Local alarm
Remote setting of fixed values
Remote control
Over-limit tripping record
Remote control tripping record
GB/T 15148-94
Two-way control terminal
CRT digital display
Note: V indicates required function; ○ indicates optional function; - indicates unnecessary function. 4.6 Basic performance indicators
4.6.1 Data acquisition
Remote control meter
Digital display
Pass switch
Light display
Pulse quantity: The input circuit should be able to correctly receive the pulse sent by the electric energy meter, and the number of input channels is generally not more than 4.a.
Analog quantity: The total error of analog telemetry is not more than 1.5%; b.
Digital quantity: It can receive different digital codes such as binary, binary to decimal; Switch quantity: It can receive the status information of various switches in time, and the number of input channels is generally not more than 4. d
Except for analog quantity, the input interface of other data circuits should have photoelectric isolation, 4.6.2 Control object
The control object should be consistent with the switch status information collection object. 4.6.3 System response time
4.6.3.1 Time for the control center to inspect all information of the system: ≤10min4.6.3.2 Response time for calling out the whole picture
85% of the total number of pictures: ≤5s
Other pictures: ≤10 s
4.6.3.3 Dual machine switching time: ≤50s
4.6.4 Screen display
Resolution: above 600×400
Symbol type: ≥256
Geometric distortion: ≤1.5%
4.6.5 Channel
4.6.5.1. Transmission rate
GB/T 15148--94
Radio and wired channels: 50, 75, 150, 300.600, (1200) bit/s Distribution line carrier channel: 50, 75, 150.300 bit/s4.6.5.2 Communication mode
Simple, half-duplex, full-duplex.
4.6.5.3 Channel bit error rate: better than 10-* (15-minute average). 4.6.6 Reliability
Reliability is usually expressed in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF). The mean time between failures of power load control terminals should be specified in product standards. 4.6.7 Availability
Working time
Usually measured as working time × 100%. The annual availability of a dual-machine control system is required to be above 99.75%. The annual availability of a single-machine control system is required to be 99.5%. 4.7 Interface
The data transmission interface of the power load control equipment shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.1.2 of DL/T532. 5 Test methodsbZxz.net
5.1 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the performance and function tests shall be carried out under the following conditions. 5.1.1 Atmospheric environmental conditions
Centerology: +15～+35℃
Relative humidity: 45%~75%
Atmospheric pressure: 86～108kPa
When conducting the test, the atmospheric environmental conditions shall be relatively stable. 5.1.2 Power supply conditions
Frequency: 50Hz, allowable deviation -2% ~ +1%
Voltage: 220V, allowable deviation ±5%
5.2 Basic equipment
On-site inspection is carried out according to the actual configured system. The following equipment should be available for factory testing: a.
1 main control machine (including printer and display); no less than 3 terminals of various types;
Channel equipment is configured as needed according to the power load control method; the number of remote control actuators and terminals is the same;
1 5% digit digital voltmeter;
1 electronic millisecond meter,
1 pulse quantity generator;
1 state signal simulator;
1 analog quantity generator.
Connect the above equipment into a power load control system according to Figure 5 and power it on. Check each item according to the relevant contents specified in this standard and product standards, and it should meet the requirements. 31
5.3 Functional test
CRT display
Single and double-way terminal
Analog generator
5.3.1 Screen display and print tabulation test
GB/T 15148—94
Main computer
Single and bidirectional terminals
Status signal simulator
Printer
Single and bidirectional terminals
Remote control actuator
Figure 5 Test wiring of power load control system
Check the screen display function and print tabulation function according to the screen display directory, and all functions should be normal. 5.3.2 Telemetry acquisition and display test
5.3.2.1 Analog quantity
Pulse quantity generator
Change the output of the analog quantity generator, and the corresponding data should be displayed on the CRT display screen within the time specified in Article 4.6.3. This data is consistent with the data converted from the digital voltmeter reading at the output end of the analog quantity generator. The analog quantity telemetry error should comply with the provisions of Article 4.6.1.
5.3.2.2 Pulse quantity
Change the quantity of pulse input, and the screen display should be consistent with the actual value. 5.3.2.3 Status information collection and display alarm test Simulate the opening and closing operation of the switch on the status signal simulator. Within the time specified in Article 4.6.3, the CRT display screen should display accordingly and be able to alarm correctly.
5.3.2.4 Screen response test
The time from the input of the command to the display of the entire screen for each screen should comply with the provisions of Article 4.6.3. 5.3.2.5 Remote control function test
Perform remote control operation on the operating keyboard, and the remote control indicator should be displayed correctly. 5.3.2.6 Other function tests
Check the function of a single terminal by running the inspection program, which should meet the functional requirements of Article 4.5. 5.4 Continuous operation test
All equipment in the system shall be put into operation and run continuously for 72 hours. During the test, the functions of the system shall be tested every 2 to 4 hours to see whether they meet the requirements of Articles 4.4 to 4.6. If a related fault occurs during the test, the operation test shall be terminated and the timing test shall be restarted after the fault is eliminated. If a non-related fault occurs during the test, the test shall be continued after the fault is eliminated. The troubleshooting process shall not be timed. 32
6 Inspection rules
GB/T15148-94
The power load control system shall pass factory inspection and on-site inspection. 6.1 Factory inspection
Inspect the system to see whether it has the functions of Article 4.4 and whether it meets the requirements of Article 4.5 according to the test methods in Chapter 5. Those that meet the technical requirements are qualified and are attached with a certificate of qualification.
6.2 On-site inspection
After all equipment in the system is installed, connected and debugged on site, an online inspection shall be carried out according to the requirements of Articles 4.4 and 4.5. If the inspection fails, the supplier shall repair it until it meets the requirements. 7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
The marking, packaging, transportation and storage of the products used in the system shall be specified by the product standards. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Energy of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Electric Telecommunications Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted by the Electric Power Research Institute of the Ministry of Energy, with participation from Shenyang Electric Power Bureau, Shanghai Radio Factory 24, Beijing Low Voltage Electrical Appliance Factory and Shijiazhuang Electric Power Bureau.
The main drafters of this standard are Zhou Zhaomao, Liang Changchen, Deng Qibin, Chen Qingyuan, Jin Jiquan, Cao Yunpei and Zhang Jian. 33
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.