Rules for drafting STANDARDs--Part 4:Methods of chemical analysis （ISO 78-2:1999,Chemistry--Layout for STANDARDs--Part 2:Methods of chemical analysis,MOD）
Some standard content:
ICs01.040.03+01.120
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 20001. 4—2001
Replacement of GB/T 1.41988
Rules for drafting standards-Part 4:Methods of chemical analysis(ISO 78-2:1999,Chemistry—Layout for standards-Part 2:Methods of chemical analysis,MOD)2001-04-09 Issued
2001-12-01 Implementation
Issued by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Quantity, unit and symbol
Choice of test method
Nomenclature of chemical substances
Values and tolerances
5 Basic requirements for the preparation of chemical analysis method standards Appendix A (Normative Appendix)
Name of standard
PE.I.PP P.
Detailed Rules for the Preparation of Chemical Analysis Method Standards
Normative Reference Documents
Terms and Definitions
Reaction Formula
Reagents and Materials
Products Used in Common Form
Aqueous Solutions
Solutions with Determined Liquidity
Sampling (Sampling)
Sampling Procedure
Preparation of Samples
Analysis Procedure
Blank Test
Preliminary Test Or verification test
Comparison test
Determination or test
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China Power and State Grid
GB/T20001.4—2001
GB/T20001.4—2001
Result calculation
Precision
Quality assurance and control
Special circumstances***
Test report
Xiao Kao literature·||t t||Appendix B (informative) Preparation of standard filling solutions and sampling of chemical products National standards Appendix C (informative) Examples of the presentation form of precision clauses.++*..
C.1 Repeatability clause
C.2 Reproducibility clause
Appendix D (informative) Statistical data and other data obtained from inter-laboratory test results References
GB/T 20001 "Rules for the preparation of standards" is divided into the following parts: ---- Part 1·Terms;
—Part 2·Symbols,
——Part 3: Information classification and coding:
—Part 4: Chemical analysis methods,
This part is Part 4 of GB/T 20001. GB/T 20001.4--2001
This part of GB/T 20001 is modified by adopting ISO 78-2:1999 "Chemistry - Rules for the preparation of standards - Part 2: Chemical analysis methods" (English version).
This part is redrafted based on ISO 78-2:1999. Taking into account my country's national conditions, the main differences between this part and this international standard are as follows, and the corresponding Chinese national standards GB 3100, GB 3101 and GB 3102 of ISO 31 and ISO 1000 used in ISO 78-2:1999 are cited (Chapter 2 of this part). The units of calculation specified in my country's national standards are the legal measurement units of my country. The naming of chemicals refers to the provisions of the "Principles of Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature" and "Principles of Organic Chemistry Nomenclature" proposed by the Chinese Chemical Society [formulated in accordance with the provisions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)] - The relevant international standard examples in ISO 78-2.1999 (A.10.1 and A.11 of this part) are replaced by the corresponding national standard examples. This is for the convenience of Chinese standard users. 1 - The statement of weighing the approximate amount of sample in the third paragraph of A.13.2.1.2 of ISO78-2:1999 "Weigh about 1.2g of sample" is changed to "Weigh about 2g of sample" to coordinate with the two examples in this article; an example of a commonly used calculation formula in China is added in the result nest calculation (A14 of this part) - For the evaluation and calculation of the test results of analytical methods, this part provides information on the concept of "correctness" in IS0 5725 (A.15 of this part). This is to provide guidance for validating the validity of analytical methods and to adapt to the latest developments in the international evaluation and calculation of analytical method test results. At the same time, in line with the international trend of attaching importance to traceability of analytical method test results, Appendix B "National Standard for Preparation of Standard Solutions and Sampling of Chemical Products" is added. This is to facilitate Chinese standard users. Appendix C and Appendix D of this part correspond to Appendix B and Appendix C of ISO78-2:1999 respectively. The calculation error in the example of the statistical result table in Appendix C of TSO 78-2,1999 is corrected: Appendix D of this part corresponding to Appendix C of ISO 78-2:1999 adds the option of providing fixed yield data for trace component determination. At the same time, in order to provide information on "bias", the addition number uses IS0 5725-4. This part replaces GBT1.4-1988 Standardization Work Standards for Chemical Analysis Methods. The main changes of this part compared with GB/T 1.4-1988 are as follows: 4) Add Chapter 3 "Terms and Definitions" and Chapter 4 "Quantity, Unit and Symbol" b) The detailed rules for the preparation of chemical analysis methods are given in Appendix A "Detailed Rules for the Preparation of Chemical Analysis Methods". In this appendix: - Add the provisions on foreword, introduction, standard name and references (see A.1.A.2, A.3 and A.20); - Cancel the provisions on indication (6.4.5 of GB/T 1.4-1988); - Partially cancel and modify the examples in result calculation (6.8.3 of GB/T 1.4-1988; A.14 of this part); - Add the provisions on quality assurance and control, special circumstances and test reports (see A.16, A.17 and A.18); - Add Appendix B\National Standards for Preparation of Standard Solutions and Sampling of Chemical Products", Appendix C\Examples of Expression of Precision Terms" and Appendix D\Statistical Data and Other Data Obtained from Laboratory Test Results; GB/T 20001. 4-2001; d) Cancel the examples of the concentration expression methods of various solutions (Appendix A of GB1.4-1988). GB/T20001 is one of a series of national standards including guidelines, guidelines and writing rules for standardization work. The following lists the expected structure of these national standards, their corresponding international standards, guidelines, and guidelines, as well as the national standards that will be replaced: a) GB/T 1 Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Writing Rules of Standards (ISO/IEC Guide Part 3, replacing GB/T1.1-1993, GB/T1.2-1996); Part 2: Methods for Formulating Standards (ISO/IEC Guide Part 2, replacing GB/T1.3-1997, GB/T 1.7-1988); Part 3: Technical Work Procedures (ISO/EC Guide Part 1, replacing GB/T16733-1997). b) GB/T 20000 "Guidelines for Standardization Work" - Part 1: General terms for standardization and related activities (ISO/IEC Guide 2, replacing GB/T 3935.1-1996); Part 2: Rules for the adoption of international standards (ISO/IEC Guide 21); Part 3: Rules for referenced documents (ISO/IEC Guide 15, replacing GB/T 1.22-1993); Part 4: Preparation of environmental and safety aspects in standards (ISO/IEC Guide 51); Part 5: Preparation of environmental aspects in product standards (ISO/IEC Guide 64). e) GB/T20001 Standardization Rules and Regulations Part 1: Terminology (ISO 10241, replacing GB/T1.6-1997) - Part 2: Symbols (replacing GB/T1.5-1988) - Part 3: Information Classification Codes (replacing GB/T7026-1986) - Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods (ISO 78-2. replacing GB/T1.6-1997)4-1988). Appendix A of this part is a normative appendix, while Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D are all informative. This part was proposed by China Standard Promotion Research Center. Drafting units of this part: China Standard Promotion Research Center, China Chemical Industry Standardization Research Institute, Metallurgical Industry Information Standard Research Institute. The main drafters of this part are Feng Zhenghu, Bai Dianyi, Ding Dongjiang, Du Baoxiang, Zheng Chunzhi, Wei Mian and Mao Huayao. The original GB 1.4 was first issued in 1988. Introduction
GB/T 20001.4-- 2001
This part of G/T20001 only serves as a guide for the preparation of chemical analysis method standards. The format of this part can be adjusted to suit any special requirements. All the elements provided in this part may not be required in some cases, and those that are not required should be omitted. Chemical product standards should be written as a complete system that is coordinated from beginning to end. In addition to specifying the various characteristics required for the product, it is advisable to explain how to measure these characteristics. Chemical product standards may include standard methods (test methods) for chemical analysis. Test methods can be a separate chapter, appendix or a separate part of the standard. If the test method may be referenced by other standards, it is usually published as an independent standard, which will simplify the chemical product standards. If there is a common chemical analysis method suitable for a product, the standard of this product only needs to refer to this method.
Adopting the rules for writing standards ensures that:
No important points are missed when writing standards;
--The key points in the standard are always given in the same order;
No matter what the source and model of the standard are, the required provisions can be found quickly (this is especially important when translating parts of the standard text and comparing the two texts);
The methods, reagents and equipment in the testing laboratory are simplified, rationalized and standardized;
Each standard or other document in the field is drafted in the clearest possible terms. 1 Scope
Rules for writing standards
Part 4: Chemical analysis methods
This part of GB/T 20001 specifies the format and expression rules for writing chemical analysis method standards. GB/T 20001.42001
This part applies to the standards for chemical analysis methods and the preparation of chemical analysis methods in other standards. This part can also be used for other test methods.
2 Normative referenced documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this part through reference in this part of GBT 20001. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to an agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this part.
Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules of standards (ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3, GB/T 1.1
Rules for the structuteand draftingof International Standards, 1997, NEQ) GB3100
International System of Units and Its Application (eqvISO1000) General Principles for Units and Symbols of Quantity (eqvISO31-0) GB3101
GB3102 (all parts) Quantity and Units [eqvISO31 (all parts)) ISO5725 (all parts Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Test Methods and Results 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T20001 3.1
laboratorysamplebzxZ.net
Laboratory sample
Sample prepared for sending to the laboratory for inspection or testing. [GB/T4650]
Test specimentest sample
A sample prepared from a laboratory sample from which the test material is extracted. [GB/T4650]
Test material testportion
A certain amount of material obtained from a test sample (if the test sample and the laboratory sample are the same, it is obtained from the laboratory sample) and used for inspection or observation.
GB/T4650
Standard titration solution
standard volumetric solutionA solution with a known accurate concentration used for titration analysis. GB/T20001.4—2001
Standard reference solutionA molten solution used as a reference for calibrating other solutions. Note 1: It is prepared from a standard substance or calibrated by some other method. Note 2: Many reference solutions that can be used to prepare standard solutions are available on the market. 3. 6
Standard solution standard solution
A solution in which the concentration of an element, ion, compound or radical is accurately known from the substances used to prepare the solution. 3.7
Standard comparison solutionA solution of which the relevant properties (e.g., color, chromaticity) are known or determined and which is used to assess the test solution for that property. In general, the term “standard comparison solution” is used for such solutions, each of which is defined by an appropriate adjective (e.g., “standard colorimetric solution”, “standard turbidity solution”). NOTE 2 It may be prepared from a standard titration solution, a reference solution, a standard solution or other solution having the required properties. 3.8
DensityPrecision
The degree of agreement between independent test results under specified conditions: CISO 5725-1J
Accuracy
The degree of agreement between a test result and the true value or agreed value of the measured quantity. Note: When applied to a group of test results, the term "accuracy" includes the combination of random components and a common systematic error or bias component. [IS0 5725-1]
Repeatability
The degree of agreement between independent test results under repeatability conditions. [ISO5725-1]
Repeatability conditions repeatabilityconditions The conditions under which independent test results are obtained from the same test object in a short period of time by the same operator using the same equipment and the same test method in the same laboratory.
[15O 5725-1]
Repeatability
repeatabilitylimit
A value, under repeatability conditions, the probability that the absolute difference between two test results will not exceed this number is 95%: the symbol for repeatability limit is .
[ISO5725-1]
Reproducibility
reprodueibility
The degree of agreement between test results under reproducibility conditions. [1SO 5725-13
reproducibility conditions
Reproducibility conditions
GB/T 20001.4—2001
The conditions under which test results are obtained from the same test object in different laboratories by different operators using different equipment and following the same test method.
[ISO 5725-1]
Reproducibility limit reprodueibility limit A value under reproducibility conditions, the probability that the absolute difference between two test results does not exceed this number is 95%. Note: The symbol for reproducibility limit is R.
[IS0 5725-]
4 Quantities, units and symbols
4.1 General
The units and symbols specified in GB 3100, GB 3101 and GB 3102 should be used. If the relevant values are expressed in numbers, the following measurement units should be expressed in symbols. In other cases, only the unit name can be used, except on curve graphs, coordinate graphs and in the header of tables. The symbol % used to express the value 0.001 "per centimeter" or "per dry" should be avoided. Because percentages and thousandths are numerical values, the expression of mass percentage (number) or volume percentage (number) itself is basically meaningful. Therefore, when additional information is required, it is not appropriate to connect (m/m) and (V/V) with the unit symbol, such as %(m/m) or %(V/billion). The way to express mass fraction or volume fraction is "mass (or volume) fraction is 0.75" or "mass (or volume) fraction is 75%". Mass and volume fractions can also be expressed as 5 g/g or 4.2 mL/m\. Abbreviations such as \ppm\, \pphm\ and \ppb\ should not be used.
4.2 Selection of test methods
The same test methods and expressions should be used as far as possible for the specified properties or characteristics of the relevant chemical products in the relevant standards. Exceptions may be made if this rule conflicts with reasonable and good customary practices in special industries. 4.3 Chemical naming
Chemical naming should follow the provisions of the "Principles of Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature" and the "Principles of Organic Chemical Nomenclature" proposed by the Chinese Chemical Society. These two documents are based on the naming of high-purity chemicals and the spelling and printing regulations of their names formulated by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). If there are chemical names of these chemicals, The CAS registration number (see A.10) should also be given. When a basic reagent appears for the first time, if there is a common name, it should be written after the name proposed by the Chinese Chemical Society and enclosed in parentheses. In the rest of the text, either the name proposed by the Chinese Chemical Society or the common name can be used, but only one should be used and they should not be mixed. Although trade names or trademark names are commonly used, they should be avoided as much as possible. For commercial chemicals (basic chemicals for industrial use), their common names should be given in the name of the standard and in the "Scope" chapter; and the corresponding names proposed by the Chinese Chemical Society should be written in parentheses after the common name, and the common name should be used in the future. The use of chemical symbols should be limited to chemical formulas and symbols indicating the substances represented by chemical formulas, such as c(H, SO,). The full name of the chemical should be given in the text. 4.4 Values and their tolerances
When expressing a quantity, such as degree or time, the tolerance of its critical time should be specified. 5 Basic requirements for the writing of chemical analysis method standards The drafting of chemical analysis method standards should comply with GB/T 1.1 requirements, and adopt the detailed writing rules given in this part. The appropriate titles and order of the elements in the standard for chemical analysis methods are given below. In individual cases, unnecessary chapters or clauses may be omitted. If other chapters and clauses are required, they can be added in the most appropriate position. Chapters and clauses shall be numbered consecutively from the beginning to the end of each document using Arabic numerals. The normative and informative contents of the standard should be clearly distinguished, such as recordings.
B/T20001.4—2001
For specific requirements, see the corresponding chapters and clauses in Appendix A. Elements in the standard
Name of standard
Normative referenced documents
Terms and definitions
Reaction formula
Reagents and materials
Sourcing Sample (sampling)
Analysis steps
Result calculation
Precision
Safety and protection
Special circumstances
Test report
References
See the following provisions
A.1 Foreword
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Guidelines for the preparation of standards for chemical analysis methods
When applicable, the main differences from the previous edition should be given, and the names of the parts should be given for the standards with sections. A.2 Introduction
GB/T 20001.4—2001
The introduction is an optional element. If necessary, it can be used to express additional information, such as explaining the relevant technical content of the standard and the reasons for its formulation. If background material on the method is required, it is given in this chapter. A.3 Standard Name
The standard name should concisely and accurately state: the product to which the test method applies, the specified component or characteristic to be measured, and the nature of the determination method. The content of the standard name should not exceed the above three elements. Example 1: Industrial light olefins
Determination of trace chlorine
Wickbold combustion method Example 2: Determination of density of industrial liquid products (20℃) S
A.4 Warning
Analytical products, reagents or analytical procedures that are dangerous or harmful to health or the environment must be paid attention to and the necessary precautions must be noted to avoid harm.
These contents should be printed and arranged in bold: If the hazard is
If the hazard comes
Example:
If the hazard is
general or comes from the product being analyzed, it should be marked immediately after the standard name; special reagents or materials should be marked after the name of the reagent or material: Analysis procedures (see A13.1 inherent) should be marked at the beginning of the "Analytical Procedures" chapter
People who use this standard should have practical experience in formal laboratory work. This standard does not address all possible safety issues. It is the user's responsibility to warn
to take appropriate safety and health measures and ensure that the conditions specified in relevant national regulations are met. A.5 Scope
This chapter should briefly state the chemical analysis methods and specifically state the products to which they are applicable. If applicable, the detection limits and quantitative determination ranges should be specified.
This chapter should include any additional, useful content that cannot be included in the standard name. This chapter should also include Include the following: It enables the reader to quickly judge whether the standard is applicable to the product to be tested or whether various restrictions exist. These restrictions should take into account other components of one or more products to be analyzed and their permitted contents. This chapter should also include information from any source on possible interference with this method. If modifications to the basic method are required, for example, to eliminate certain interfering factors, these modifications should be treated as special cases. These special cases should be indicated in the "Scope" chapter and the corresponding modifications should be described in the "Special Cases" chapter (see A, 17). For the determination of a specified component, it is sometimes necessary to provide several methods, for example, this depends on the composition of the product or on the need for different contents or accuracy of the components to be measured, and each method has its own specific scope of use. If the standard includes several determination methods, the different scopes of application of the listed methods should be clearly indicated. The text of the "Scope" chapter should be concise so that it can be used as a content summary for retrieval or information transmission. 5
GB/T 20001- 4—2001
A. 6 Normative references
This chapter shall list the normative references in the standard. The documents referenced in the preparation of the standard shall be listed in the "References" at the end of the standard. A.7 Terms and definitions
This chapter shall give the definitions necessary for understanding certain terms in the standard. It is recommended to cite existing definitions or terminology standards. A.8 Principles
This chapter is an optional element. It may be used, if necessary, to indicate the basic principles of the method used, the characteristics of the method that determine the use of the force method and the basic steps, and, if necessary, the reasons for choosing this analytical step: A, 9 Reaction equations
If the need for understanding the text and calculations is taken into account, the main reaction equations should be written in this chapter. If appropriate, they should be expressed as ionic reactions. These reaction equations are given only for guidance and do not attempt to resolve any controversial issues. In particular, when the analyte states of the elements being measured undergo several changes in sequence, these reaction equations can show that calculations based on the measured data are correct and can also help to better understand the determination method.
When titration is involved, reaction equations are very useful for expressing the molar ratios of reactants per mole. A.10 Reagents and Materials
A: 10. 1 General
The title of this chapter may be "Reagents", "Materials" or "Reagents and Materials" as appropriate. If appropriate, this chapter should be headed by the following introduction (or the following introduction should be modified appropriately): "Unless otherwise specified, only reagents and distilled or deionized water or water of equivalent purity should be used in the analysis. For example, when water of the grade specified in CB/T 6682 is required, the following statement should be used: Unless otherwise specified, only analytically pure reagents should be used. 5.1 Water, GB/T 6682, grade x. This chapter should list all reagents and materials used in the test, as well as their main characteristics (concentration, density, etc.), and if necessary, the purity level should be indicated.If available, the corresponding CAS number should be given: Except for products that are used multiple times, products that are only used in the preparation of a reagent should not be listed in this chapter:
The listed reagents and materials should be numbered sequentially for identification. In the "Analytical Procedures" chapter, the corresponding number is written in brackets after the name of the reagent or material, which can avoid repeating the characteristics of these reagents or materials, so that the text of the standard is shorter. If it will not cause confusion, it is not necessary to repeat the corresponding number each time. If necessary, the precautions for storing these reagents and the recommended storage period should be specifically stated. If standard titration solutions or other standard solutions are required, their preparation methods should be described in this chapter, and their calibration methods should also be described if necessary. In other cases, this is not necessary, that is, if the reagents used are prepared and verified by common methods and have been standardized, these standards should be quoted (see Appendix B): If it is necessary to verify that the reagents do not contain interfering ingredients, details of the tests used for this purpose should be given. Reagents and materials are arranged in the following order:
- Products ready for use in commercial form (excluding solutions); ... Solutions and suspensions (excluding standard titration solutions and standard solutions), the approximate concentration specified should be stated: Standard titration solutions and standard solutions
, indicators:
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