Graphic technology—Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour seperations,proof and production prints—Part 2:Offset lithographic processes
Some standard content:
GB/T 17934.2—1999
This standard adopts the international standard 1S012647-2.1996 Printing technology—Process control of halftone color separations, proofs and printed products—Part 2: Offset printing. When adopting this international standard, the structure and content of the original international standard are basically retained, and only the editing is modified to suit the Chinese standard writing rules.
This standard contains 5 parts: scope of application, referenced standards, definitions, technical requirements, and measurement methods for tone values and tone added values on printed products. Among them, the measurement methods for tone values and tone added values on printed products and the definitions of several parameters are shown in GB/T17934.1·1999 "Printing technology—Process control of halftone color separations, proofs and printed products—Part 1: Parameters and test methods". Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are appendices for reference. This standard was proposed by the Press and Publication Administration of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Printing Standardization. The drafting unit of this standard: Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Shangwen and Chen Yaxiong. GB/T 17934.2--1999
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide specialized standardization organization composed of national standardization bodies (ISC member countries). The work of formulating international standards is usually completed by ISO's technical committees. Each member organization has the right to participate in the work of the committee if it is interested in the standard items established by a technical committee. International organizations (official or unofficial) that maintain contact with ISO can also participate in the relevant work. In the field of electrotechnical standardization, ISO maintains a close cooperative relationship with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The draft international standards proposed by the technical committee are submitted to the member bodies for voting. The international standard can only be formally adopted if it obtains the consent of at least 75% of the member bodies participating in the voting.
ISO 12647-2 International Standard was completed by ISO/TC 130 Printing Technology Committee. The general title of the international standard I5012647 is "Printing Technology - Process Control of Color Separations, Samples and Finished Products", which consists of the following parts:
---Part 1: Parameters and Measurement Methods
--Part 2: Offset Printing
Appendices A to C of this standard are informative appendices. mGB/T 17934.2-1999
When producing color separation products, it is very important for the color separation personnel, sample personnel and printers to predetermine a minimum set of parameters that specifically determine the visual effects and other technical performance of proofing and printing. This provision makes it possible to produce qualified color separations correctly (without repeated testing) and to implement the subsequent processes such as non-press proofing and press proofing with the purpose of simulating the visual effect of the final printed product as realistically as possible. In order to make the proof consistent with the specific printed product in visual effect, non-press proofing may require different solid color and gradation increase parameters from the printing method it simulates. This is because the substrates, colorants and implementation technologies used in non-press proofing may be quite different from those of the offset printing process, resulting in differences in light selectivity, light scattering (substrate or colorant), transparency, etc. In this case, it is best for the user or printing manufacturer to determine the appropriate positive plate in advance. It is necessary to distinguish between direct parameters and indirect parameters. Direct parameters (such as those listed in this standard) are parameters that directly affect the visual effect of the image. Indirect parameters are parameters that indirectly affect the visual effect of the image by changing the value of direct parameters. Indirect parameters include: thickness of color separation film
positive and negative of image
negative or positive
-unevenness of emulsion surface
-presence of color mark or registration mark
GB/T17934.1 lists and explains the minimum direct process parameters required to determine the visual effect of a set of halftone color separation films or printed products. This standard lists the values of direct parameters specified in GB\117934.1, as well as technical requirements related to the production of halftone offset prints using color separation films. Where necessary, indirect parameters are also recommended. National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Graphic technology
Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations+proof and productlon prfnts
Part 2:Offset lithography
Graphic technology-Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations+proof and productlon prfnts-Part 2:Offset lithographic processes1 Specification
GB/T 17934.2—1999
eqv ISO 12647-2:1996
This standard specifies the process parameters and their values to be used in the preparation of half-tone colour separations+proof and productlon prfnts for four-colour offset printing or in the production of four-colour printed products by engraving, namely hot roll printing, sheet-fed continuous forms printing or proofing for these processes, and offset proofing for half-tone gravure printing. The selection of these parameters and their base values covers the entire offset printing process, including "color separation", "plate making", "proofing", "writing brushing and surface finishing". This standard applies to: - proofing and printing based on color separation films; - proofing and printing without film duplication, and reprinting similar to film production systems; - proofing processes for printing methods with more than four colors similar to four-color printing; - similar line screen and non-periodic screening methods. 2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. The versions shown in the appendix to this standard are valid. All standards will be revised. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards [G13/T 891.3-1988 Paper and paperboard specular gloss determination method 75° angle determination method GI3/T 11501-1989 Spectral conditions for photographic density measurement GB/T 17934. LY/I 31-1999 Printing Technology Halftone Color Separation Films, Samples and Printed Products Production Process Control Part 1: Parameters and Avoidance Methods Www.bzxZ.net
LY/I 31-1999 Printing Technology Four-color Printing Ink Shading and Transparency Part 1: Sheet-fed and Heatset Web Offset Printing
3 Definitions
This standard uses the definitions given in GB3/T 17934,1 and the following. 3.1 Offset printing plate CFFSC (printing) plate The surface of the plate is coated to produce areas on which the ink is transferred and areas on which the ink is not transferred, and the two areas are in the same plane.
3.2 Graphic offset printing plate Psitive-ueting (uffset printing) plate Offset printing plate used for positive color separation films.
State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision 1999-12-30 Approved W2000-08-01 Implementation
GB/T17934.2-1999
3.3 Negative-acting (ofiset printing) plate Offset printing plate for negative-acting color separation films.
3.4 Four color cuntinunus forms 3.5 Commercial/specialty printing Offset printing of sheets of ordinary paper and non-magazine heat-set paper. 3.6 Non-periodic (half-tone) screen refers to screens with irregular screen angles and no fixed screen lines. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 Color separation film
4.1. Base
Unless otherwise specified, the density value of the center of the dots on the color separation film should be at least 2.50 higher than the density value of the transparent film (base plus gray). The transmission density value of the transparent dot center shall not be higher than the density value of the transparent film (base plus gray) by more than 0.1. The density value of the transparent film (base plus carbon fog) shall not be higher than 0.15. The above measurements shall be made using a densitometer whose spectral characteristics comply with the provisions of GB/T 11501. There should be no obvious fragmentation of dots on the color separation film. The width of the dot edge should not exceed one fortieth of the screen line width. The quality of color separation films should comply with GB/T 17934.1 The method in Appendix 1 is used for evaluation. Notes
1 For the consistency of warm light in various parts of the offset printing plate, the density value of the transparent film (film base plus gray screen) between the warm light separations on the same offset printing plate shall not differ by more than 0.10.
2 In practical applications, if the density value of a large solid area is greater than the transparent film density value by more than 3.5, then the density value of the center of the dot can be higher than the transparent film width value by more than 2.50. ,3 The calibration work is performed with a chromatometer.
4.1.2 Screen count
For four-color printing, the screen count is between 45 cm-1 and 80 cm-1. The recommended standard screen counts are as follows: ■ Roll paper journal printing 45 c-1~60 cm-1-Continuous surface printing 52 cm-1~6C cm-1· Commercial/specialty printing 60 cm-1~-80 cm-1
4 If the screen count is outside the range of 45 cm-1 to 80 cm-1, the basic principles specified in B17934.1 remain valid, but the specific measurement positions may be different. 5 When adding screen by computer, in order to minimize the effect of stripes, the "screen line number" and "screen drop" of the same color plate can have a small change. 6 The screen line number of the black plate can be greater than the screen line number of the corresponding color plate, such as! The black plate is 80cm, the red plate is 60cm-, 4.1.3 Screen Angle
For the screen points without main axis, the screen line angle difference between the back, magenta and black plates should be 30°, the screen line angle difference between the yellow plate and other color plates should be 15°, and the screen line angle of the main color plate should be 45°.
For the screen points with main axis, the screen line angle difference between the cyan, magenta and black plates should be 60°, the screen line angle difference between the yellow plate and other color plates should be 15°, and the screen line angle of the main color plate should be 45°. The screen angle should be 45° or 13.5°. For the screen angle of the ten-screen daily-tone gravure color film, except for the yellow version, other color plates should avoid angles between 75 and 105°. Note 7: See Note 5 in .1.2,
4.1.4 Dot shape and its relationship with tone value should use shaped, square and circular dots: For dots with main axis, the first connection should occur at a tone value not less than 40%, and the first connection should occur at a tone value not higher than 60%. 4.1.5 Image size error
Under stable environmental conditions, the difference in the length of each diagonal line of a set of color separation films shall not exceed 0.02%. GB/T 17934.2-1999
Note that this error includes the repeatability of the film output equipment and the error caused by film stability. 4.1.6 Total of tone values
Unless otherwise specified, the total of tone values for sheet printing shall not exceed 350% and the total of tone values for roll printing shall not exceed 300%. Rule 9: In the case of high total of tone values, errors such as misprinting, back printout and back printout due to insufficient drying of the oil will occur. Phenomenon: 4.1.7 Gray balance
Unless otherwise specified, the gray balance gradation values are as follows; Cyan (%)
1/1 gradation
2/4 gradation
3/4 gradation
Magenta (%)
Yellow (%)
Note 10: The above gray balance effect is obtained based on the paper oil content specified in Y/T31. If different paper ink and printing conditions are used, the gray balance data will be different.||tt| |4.2 Printed Materials
4.2.1 Visual Characteristics of Images
4.2.1.1 Color of Substrate
The substrate used for proofing should be the same as the substrate used for printing. If there are difficulties, the substrate should be as close to the production substrate in terms of glossiness, color, surface characteristics (coated or non-coated, gloss, etc.), unit area density, etc.; for printing press proofing, the closest paper should be selected from the following 5 typical papers. Characteristics are listed in Table 1; For non-printing machine proofing, the substrate should be selected as close as possible to the characteristic parameters of a typical paper in Table 1 (close to the production paper). Paper type should be specified in Table 1. CIELAB value, gloss, brightness and tolerance type of typical paper
! Optical fiber line. No mechanical wood pulp
2. Matt coated paper, no mechanical uncoated
S. Glossy coated paper
4. Polyester-free paper, white
5. Uncoated paper, slightly yellow
Reference paper
Gloss
70 - 80
1) Test method according to 5.6:T in C13/T17934-1) Light source, 2 fields of view, black backing, geometric components are 0/45 or 15/0 3) Single force method Technical Service G3/T8941-3. 3) The paper type listed in Table 1 is the basis for the gloss and weight of printed materials involved in this standard. In addition, the following notes are given: 11
- Paper types 1 and 2 are not typical papers for printing briefs and periodicals (except for covers). - Paper types 3 and 5 are not typical papers for printing commercial manuscripts. 12 If the final product is to be finished with a surface, it may affect the color of the printed material: see 4.2.1.2 to 17. 13 The Lα-\ value under the "white background cover" or "white background cover" conditions has an allowable wear difference consistent with the values in the table "weight"
14 Table 1 contains the equivalent parameters of the reference paper specified in "Center Y/T 3] for reference only. - Some parameter values are inconsistent with those in CY/T31 due to the use of a black background.
WCB/T17934.2—1999
15 The weight of paper type 3 (70 g/m2) is a compromise between the paper for simple printing (60 μ/m to 65 μ/m) and the paper for proofing (H0 g/m2). When using backing, if the weight changes from 70 g/m2 to 90 μ/m2, the value changes accordingly by 0.7.16 Table 3 The standard paper is within the specified grammage range, and the range of * values is -~—3,4.2.1.2 Glossiness of substrates
The glossiness of the substrates used for proofing should be as close as possible to the glossiness of the substrates used for production. If this is not possible, the printing press proofing should select paper that is as close as possible to the substrates used for production from the typical papers listed in Table 1. 17 Paper glossiness values are shown in Table 1.
If the final product is to be surface-finished, Liu Guang will have some impact. In demanding situations: In order to better match the sample with the final printed product, two types of samples can be provided to the printer, one sample with a surface gloss that matches the unfinished printed product, and the other sample with a surface gloss that matches the printed product with a lightly decorated surface. .2.1.3 Color of the wall
Use the five substrates in Table 1 for proofing. The CIF value of the solid colors of cyan, magenta, yellow and black and the solid colors of red, green and blue obtained by double color overprinting on the proof sheet shall conform to the specified values in Table 2. The allowable color difference values are shown in Table 3. In the printing process, the color difference between the solid block of the printed sample and the original color proof sheet shall not exceed the corresponding deviation value specified in Table 3
In the production process, the change of the solid color of the printed original color is limited by the conditions of the post-process. Therefore, the color difference between the printed product and the printed sample shall not exceed the provisions in Table 3, and it is best not to exceed half of the specified value. Table 2 Color sequence is cyan-magenta-yellow overprinted solid color CIELABL'a6 value paper
$+21 8
45! 26
1) The sheet type is specified in 4.2.1.1. 2 Type
2) The solid colors in the table are obtained by the method given in Appendix A. 20
3) The measurement method is the same as that in 315/17934.1-5.6: [g illuminant, 2\ site, geometric conditions are 45/ or 0/3. Table 3 Color difference values △E of printed primary colors.
The distribution of color difference E in Table 3 is not Gaussian distribution, but asymmetric. However, in order to maintain consistency, it is still similar to Gaussian distribution, and the tolerance is defined as the minimum color difference that can be met by 19
68% of the printed pages. The CIELAB 1.\ values of the solid colors measured using I illuminant are given in Table B1 of Appendix E. If a white background is used to replace the black background, the α~,h values in Table 2 and Table B1 remain basically unchanged, while the α~,h values will increase by 2-3 as the brightness of the paper changes. 21 Table B2 in Appendix B gives the reflection density values of the solid printing of the eight primary colors under a spectral reduction condition. GR/T 17934.21999
22 If the color of the solid color is reversed, it may affect the color of the solid color, see wash 12 and juice 19, 23 The red, green and blue values of the secondary colors are highly dependent on the mechanical properties of the printing machine, the surface characteristics of the substrate, and the rheological properties and transparency of the ink. Therefore, when the CMY values of the primary colors meet the requirements of the specification.The second color does not necessarily meet the values in Table 2. 24 The color values of packaging printing or spot color printing should be lower than the values in Table 3, especially when the color difference is greater than 1. 4.2.1.4 Ink gloss
If necessary, the gloss of the solid color can be specified. The specular gloss of the substrate or the solid area of the single color should be measured under the conditions of 75° incident (15° with the substrate surface) and 75° receiving angle. The measuring instrument used should comply with GB/T8911.3. The measured value is expressed in percentage.
4.2.2 Tone reproduction range
When the screen line is between 40cm and 70cm-, the dot area ratio of the color separation film is 3% to 7% and can be fully reproduced on the printed matter.
When the screen line is 80cm- or when the halftone tone printing is performed, the dot area ratio of the color separation film is 55% to 95% and can be fully reproduced on the printed matter.
On the color separation film, the dot reproduction of the non-main image area should be determined by the step value outside the above range. 4.2.3 Image position error
The maximum position error between the centers of any two color printed images shall not be greater than half of the minimum screen line width of the four-color color separation film. Note 25: If the above printing accuracy cannot be achieved due to equipment and other factors, the necessary agreement should be made between the manufacturer and the user. 4.2.4 Tone value increase
4.2.4.1 Target value
The tone value increase for proofing and printing of each printing primary color should be specified. The method of specifying it can be determined by referencing one of the types A to H listed in Table 4 (Figure 1) or using the actual tone value increase, or by the graphical method shown in Figure 1. In the absence of data, the corresponding value can be selected as the target value from the tone value increase data at 50% of the tone value on the control bar listed in Table 5 according to the different types of printing. Table 4 Relationship between the gradation value on the control strip and the gradation increase value (percentage) Gradation increase value on printed products
Gradation value on film
The gradation increase value of the black plate is usually 2%3 greater than that of other color plates. The black plate layer is thicker and is often printed first. If you need to transfer the gradation increase value data between different screen counts, please refer to Record C. Figure C1 and (? shows the change of 27
screen count under different printing conditions. The 40% on the control strip The data of the increase in the gradation value at the 8% gradation value can be converted from the data obtained from these images. The data conversion of non-printing machine proofing may require different data sets. Table 5 gives the control bar L: the number of screen lines is 60tm1, the gradation value is 50, the density meter uses the T state optical harmonic response condition of 28
specified in G11501, and the compensation plate is not used for measurement. The yellow measurement value is 2 lower than cyan, magenta, and black, si
GB/T 17934.2—1999
Film tone (white ratio)
Tonal value increase curve for given data in Table 1 Table 5 Tonal value increase (percentage) at 50% tone value when the number of lines on the screen is 0 cm Thermosetting paper periodical printing. Color!
Positive printing plate. Type 3
Negative printing plate, Type 3 paper 21
Four-pack continuous form printing
Positive printing plate, Type 1 and! Type paper
Positive printing plate Type 1 and; Type paper
Negative printing plate, Type 1 and 2"
Namely graphic printing plate, Type 4 and, Type paper 1
Commercial? Special brush, color!
Positive printing plate, Type 1 and 2 Pattern paper
is the pattern printing plate. Type 3 velvet 21
Pattern printing plate, type 4 and type 5 paper\
Negative pattern printing plate, type 3 group*!
Negative pattern printing plate, type 4 and type; group:
1) Black plate is 2% to 3 yuan higher than other color plates. 2) The definition of paper pattern is shown in 1. 2. [. [:
3) To minimize the increase of the tone value, the gradation increase value when using the pattern cavity plate is optimized 4.2.4. 2 Errors and midtone expansion
The error of the midtone value increase of the proof or the printed sample shall not exceed the provisions of Table 6. Method 29: In the worst case, there will be a 7% change in the midtone between the proof and the printed sample, 19
2501831
27(22:)
31628:3
For printing production, the difference between the midtone mean and the determined daily standard value shall be within 1. The statistical standard deviation of the gradation value shall not exceed the deviation specified in Table 6, and preferably not exceed half. The midtone expansion of proofing and printing shall not exceed the deviation specified in Table 6. The values listed in Table 6 are the tolerance of tone value increase and maximum mid-tone expansion for sample and finished print product. Tone value on sheet
40%
50%
70 or 80§
Maximum mid-tone expansion
Allowable error of sample
Especially allowable error of printed product
30 The data in Table 6 are the results of measurements made with a densitometer or colorimeter on a pseudo control strip with a screen count of FC cm=1 to 70 cm=-. GB/T 17934.21999
31 The allowable error in Table 6 is the result obtained by subtracting the value of H from the value of the side. That is, the measurement method of the tone value and the tone increase value of the product. The measurement method is not in GB/T 17931.1. 5.3, and the method should be used when the measurement is required; the control case should be inserted in the same way as above; the number of screen lines should be within the range of 50 cm to 70 cm1-!: the center density of the dot should be 3.0 or more higher than the density of the transparent film (base plus fog); the width of the dot edge should not exceed 2
2. The first connection of the elliptical dot is about 40 degrees of its tone value. The tone value increase of the elliptical dot is 1.5 greater than that of the circular dot. 32
34-2.4.1 Note 27.
GB/T17934.2—1999
Thanks to A
(Informative Appendix)
Method for determining the ink wall chromaticity parameters on the paper types given in Table 2 In actual printing, it has been observed that the ink film thickness on different substrate surfaces is not equal. Although the color intensity of the surface of the substrate is lower than that of the high-grade substrate, most ink is usually used on low-grade substrates1, so the printer has to compensate for the optical reduction of the ink color intensity caused by the unevenness and wall loss of the low-grade substrate surface. It can be seen from large-scale experiments that the color intensity of a particular sleeve type and paper combination used in actual production can be predicted by printing a certain amount of ink on this paper, and its film thickness is the same as the ink film thickness that can produce the color specified in CY/T31 on the reference paper specified in CY/T31. When making this prediction, the lower-grade papers with rougher surfaces and higher absorbency absorb the most ink from the rubber blanket than the higher-grade papers with smoother surfaces and coatings. The following two methods provide printing conditions that can make different papers transfer the same thickness of the wall film from the rubber blanket. A1 Printing Suitability Tester
Cut the reference paper specified in CY/T31 and the paper for which the ink color parameters are to be established into paper strips. The width of the paper strips is half the width of the printing plate of the printing suitability tester. The thickness of the latter paper should be the same as that of the corresponding reference paper. The two paper strips are placed parallel on the printing plate of the suitability tester: a rubber blanket is placed on the printing plate, and offset printing ink in accordance with the CY/T3 standard is used. Printing is carried out according to the test steps specified in CY/T31. The transfer of ink should be controlled so that the oil is dried.The ink color printed on the reference paper meets the requirements of CY/T31. When it is determined that the ink color on the reference paper is correct, measure the ink color on the unknown type of paper printed at the same time, and obtain the recommended color data for this type of paper.
A2 single-sheet printing
Who prepares the reference paper that meets the requirements of CYT31 for single-sheet printing, and inserts a marked test paper into every 100 sheets of these papers. The thickness of the test paper should be roughly the same as that of the base paper, and print with offset ink that meets CY/T31. After starting printing, adjust the ink tray so that the cyan, magenta, yellow, and solid colors printed on the reference paper meet the corresponding requirements of CY/T31 after drying. If necessary, the ink color effect should be established before printing. Check the ink level regularly when printing the remaining papers to keep it constant. After drying, find the test paper and measure the data of each color of the test paper to obtain the ink color data of the test paper. In the past, the thickness of the ink film provided on the rubber blanket was the same for the reference paper and the inserted test paper during the printing process. Due to the different thickness of the inserted test paper, the amount of ink transferred from the rubber blanket was also different, which might affect the subsequent printing. Heat, weight quickly recovered in the subsequent printing of up to 5 sheets,
35 The ink color data obtained from the two methods A1 and A2 are very consistent. Color
Paper"
GB/T 17934. 2--1999
Appendix B
(Suggestive Appendix)
Ink color data measured under non-standard conditions The color sequence is CIFL.AB when cyan, poinsettia, and yellow are overprinted. Chromaticity parameters t-it
-4427/
1) The unified sheet type is defined in 4.2.1.1, type 2
-457 55
291 51/
-42,26/
2) The solid colors in the table are Appendix A The color in Table B2 is obtained by the method given in Appendix A. The first value of each density value is measured without polarizing film, and the second value is measured with polarizing film. All solid density values include paper density, and are sufficient to place the sample on a black backing to measure the reflection density of solid printing primary colors printed on five typical papers. Paper type
Paper"
Page 2:
Paper"
1) In 4, 2. 1. 1 Definition in
2) Measured under the ocean.
1.52/1. 65
0. 07/0. 11
1.47/1.61
0. 0770. 11
1-41/1.55
G.06/0. 18
1.52/1. 66
9.07/ 0.11
1.47/1. 61
0.07/0.11
1. 76/1.16
0. 35/0.31
1. 62/ 1. 95
0.07/0-10
IJINE stroke density value
1. 38/1. 54
0.38/0.09
1.33/1,19
0.:8/0.09
1-16/1. 34
0.86/0-09
1.35/1.37
0.12/0.14
0. 1270. 1-1
1. 3c/1.44
0.13/0.18
ISA) state T reflection density!
1. 36/1. 51
3.08/. 19
1.33/1.49
0. 6870. 89
t. 12/0, 14
31DINE cites the wider two sets of responses specified in DIN 165362:1995. 4) According to the response specified in GH150
0.10/0.70
0. 90/1.05
0. 1t:o. 1?
0.83/1.05
0.08/0.11
1.o:0. 10
0,18/0.10||t t||0. 90/1.05
0, 1070. 10
(. 73/0. 31
n.a97o,11
1. 10/1. 35
C, 1C/0.10
1. 08/1. 15
O.13/0.15
0. 961.14
0. 16/0.19
0.58/1.16
t.2371, 26
1. (G/1. 13
0. 1$/0. 15
0.96/1.14
0. 1670.19
0.73/0.42
0. 1S/0. 22
1. 10/1.32
0. 15/0. 17
Note 36: This is a complete list of density values with and without the use of offset. The correct method of using the vibration plate is not covered in other standards.07/0-10
IJINE stroke density value
1. 38/1. 54
0.38/0.09
1.33/1,19
0.:8/0.09
1-16/1. 34
0.86/0-09
1.35/1.37
0.12/0.14
0. 1270. 1-1
1. 3c/1.44
0.13/0.18
ISA) state T reflection density!
1. 36/1. 51
3.08/. 19
1.33/1.49
0.6870.89
t. 11
1.30/1.08
0.1475. 17
ISO visual reflection density 1
1. 4K/1. $4
6.08/3. 09
1.57/1.89
0. 12/0, 14
31DINE cites the wider two sets of responses specified in DIN 165362:1995. 4) According to the response specified in GH150
0.10/0.70
0. 90/1.05
0. 1t:o. 1?
0.83/1.05
0.08/0.11
1.o:0. 10
0,18/0.10||t t||0. 90/1.05
0, 1070. 10
(. 73/0. 31
n.a97o,11
1. 10/1. 35
C, 1C/0.10
1. 08/1. 15
O.13/0.15
0. 961.14
0. 16/0.19
0.58/1.16
t.2371, 26
1. (G/1. 13
0. 1$/0. 15
0.96/1.14
0. 1670.19
0.73/0.42
0. 1S/0. 22
1. 10/1.32
0. 15/0. 17
Note 36: This is a complete list of density values with and without the use of offset. The correct method of using the vibration plate is not covered in other standards.07/0-10
IJINE stroke density value
1. 38/1. 54
0.38/0.09
1.33/1,19
0.:8/0.09
1-16/1. 34
0.86/0-09
1.35/1.37
0.12/0.14
0. 1270. 1-1
1. 3c/1.44
0.13/0.18
ISA) state T reflection density!
1. 36/1. 51
3.08/. 19
1.33/1.49
0.6870.89
t. 11
1.30/1.08
0.1475. 17
ISO visual reflection density 1
1. 4K/1. $4
6.08/3. 09
1.57/1.89
0. 12/0, 14
31DINE cites the wider two sets of responses specified in DIN 165362:1995. 4) According to the response specified in GH150
0.10/0.70
0. 90/1.05
0. 1t:o. 1?
0.83/1.05
0.08/0.11
1.o:0. 10
0,18/0.10||t t||0. 90/1.05
0, 1070. 10
(. 73/0. 31
n.a97o,11
1. 10/1. 35
C, 1C/0.10
1. 08/1. 15
O.13/0.15
0. 961.14
0. 16/0.19
0.58/1.16
t.2371, 26
1. (G/1. 13
0. 1$/0. 15
0.96/1.14
0. 1670.19
0.73/0.42
0. 1S/0. 22
1. 10/1.32
0. 15/0. 17
Note 36: This is a complete list of density values with and without the use of offset. The correct method of using the vibration plate is not covered in other standards.
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