This standard specifies the braille structure and parameters of Chinese Braille, the current braille scheme, the Chinese double-spelling braille scheme, the word segmentation and continuous writing rules and writing format, etc. This standard applies to the tactile raised dot writing used by the visually impaired in China. GB/T 15720-1995 Chinese Braille GB/T15720-1995 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the braille structure and parameters of Chinese Braille, the current braille scheme, the Chinese double-spelling braille scheme, the word segmentation and continuous writing rules and writing format, etc. This standard applies to the tactile raised dot writing used by the visually impaired in China.

Disclaimer: This information comes from the Internet. The correctness has not been verified. For reference only! Contents
Scope ·
Blind symbol structure and parameters
Current Braille scheme ·
Chinese double-spelling Braille scheme
Word segmentation rules ·
General writing format of Chinese Braille -
Appendix A (Appendix for Standardization) Technical parameters of braille symbols Appendix B (Appendix for Standardization) Table of vowels, Appendix C (Appendix for Standardization) General rules for tone shaping of monosyllabic words
Appendix D (Appendix for Standardization) Word segmentation rules for various words and phrases .... Appendix E (Appendix for Suggestions) Examples of current braille spellings Appendix F (Appendix for Suggestions) 》Examples of Braille spelling in Chinese double spelling…Appendix (suggested appendix) English Braille alphabet 38
Free statement 8 This document has not been verified by the network, for reference only! G157201995
Chinese language is a tactile language used by visually impaired people in my country. This standard is compiled based on the "Current Braille Scheme" and the "Chinese Double Pinyin Braille Scheme". The "Current Braille Scheme" was approved for use by the former Ministry of Education in 1953, and the "Chinese Double Pinyin Braille Scheme" was approved for trial use by the National Language and Writing Committee in 1988. The "Current Braille Scheme" has been used for more than 40 years and is still being used. It is widely used by people with disabilities in my country. In order to make our country's Braille more scientific and popular, after modification, the "Chinese Double Pinyin Braille Scheme" was produced, which has been tried out in a certain range. Taking into account that replacing the "current Braille Scheme" with the "Chinese Double Pinyin Braille Scheme" requires a transition period in which the two schemes coexist, the two schemes are now standardized and incorporated into this standard to adapt to my country's national conditions. Appendices A, B, C and D of this standard are appendices to the standard: Appendices E, F and C of this standard are suggestive appendices. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This standard was compiled by the National Council for the Rehabilitation of People's Republic of China for the Rehabilitation of People's Republic of China for the Rehabilitation of People's Republic of China. The Technical Committee for the Promotion of Standards for Rehabilitation and Special Equipment is responsible for this standard. The drafting units of this standard are: China Disabled Persons' Federation, China Association of Languages ​​and Literature, China Rehabilitation Research Center, China Braille Publishing House, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Central Institute of Educational Sciences, Beijing Official School, Tianjin Baixiao, etc. The main drafters of this standard are: Teng Weimin, Yu Lianjia, Li Weigong, Park Yongxin, Shen Jiaying, He Yaling, Ao Liang, Hai Yusen, Shang Jueyi, Zhou Guofang, Yang Zhongcheng, and Wen Xian.
Disclaimer: This material has not been verified. It is for reference only! Chinese Braille National
Chinese braille
GB/T15720—1995
This standard specifies the braille structure and parameters, current text scheme, Chinese double-spelling verbal and written scheme, word segmentation and continuous writing rules and writing format of Chinese braille.
This standard applies to tactile convex dot writing used by visually impaired people in China. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
2.1 Braille
Text with six convex dots as the basic structure, arranged according to certain rules, and perceived by touch, also known as Braille. 2.2 Chinese Braille
Braille system formulated in the form of Braille using the phonetic method according to the characteristics of the Chinese language, including text schemes, etc. 2.3 Braille
In a square, the Braille shape formed by different arrangements and combinations of the dot system. 2.4 Square
In six-dot Braille, the rectangular position occupied by a first symbol. 2.5 Dot
Each raised part of a braille symbol, i.e., a raised dot in a braille symbol. 2.6 Dot position
The position of each dot in a square of six dots. 2.7 Dot sequence
The order in which the six dots are arranged, i.e., the dot sequence number. Indicated by Arabic numerals 1 to 6. 2.8 Dot quotient
The vertical distance from the top of a braille symbol's raised dot to the bottom. 2.9 Dot diameter
The diameter of the bottom circle of a braille symbol's raised dot.
2.10 Dot distance
The distance between the centers of the bottom circles of raised dots on two adjacent dot positions in a braille symbol. 2.11 Square distance
The distance between the centers of the bottom circles of raised dots on two adjacent dot positions in the left and right braille symbols. 2.12 Line distance
The distance between the centers of the bottom circles of raised dots on two adjacent dot positions in the upper and lower rows of braille symbols. 2.13 Current Braille Scheme
The Braille scheme promulgated by the former Ministry of Education in 1953 and implemented nationwide is also known as the "New Braille". This scheme has 21 initials, 34 finals, tone symbols and punctuation marks: it is based on Beijing pronunciation, Mandarin, words, and uses the rules of word segmentation. The current animal script scheme is referred to as the current Braille.
Approved by the National Technical Supervision Committee on September 8, 1995
Implemented on March 1, 1996
Free Thai statement of fact data from Yueshengwei experience The proof is for reference only! a-or
2 grid no language effect spelling education and labor case
In 1988, the National Language and Writing Committee agreed to the trial promotion of the text reform plan. The plan can express the three elements of Chinese characters, rhyme and tone in two dialect symbols. The whole system includes: alphabet, punctuation, homophone differentiation, abbreviation, mute character determination method, etc. At the same time, the word segmentation and continuous writing rules are also adopted. The Chinese double pinyin braille scheme is referred to as Chinese double pinyin braille. 2.15 Mute character determination method
A "braille annotation method specified in the Chinese double pinyin hundred texts. Mute character determination is an additional component in the text, which is divided into mute character determination and group spitting sound.
2.16 Mute character determination
Add a specific symbol (45) before the syllable to indicate that the syllable is a "sleeping sound", and form a two-syllable word with the adjacent syllable to clarify what the pronunciation is.
1 The solid dot has a dot in the position of the symbol, and the hollow dot has no dot. 2 The Arabic numerals in the brackets are the dot sequence of the solid dot, which is used for sighted people to read. There is no symbol between the numbers in the same square, and a symbol is used between the numbers without spacing. This marking method is used in other places in this article without additional marking. 2.17 The silent sound of the group
is written before the syllable (456), and the word that represents the beginning and the end is used to explain the meaning of the previous word. 2.1B The method of homophonic differentiation
[The method of distinguishing certain homophonic characters in the text. 2.19 The word division and connection
In the text, the word is used as the unit, and there are special rules for division and connection. 3 Blind Symbol Structure and Parameters
3.1 Blind Symbol Structure
The blind symbol is composed of 6 fixed convex points in different arrangements and combinations. The 6 points are distributed in two rows, upper, middle and lower layers. The points in the left row from top to bottom are called 1, 2, and 3 points, and the points in the right row from top to bottom are called 4, 5, and 6 points (see Figure 1). 1-4
First Symbol Structure
3.2 Technical Parameters of Blind Symbols
The technical parameters of blind symbols are shown in Appendix A (Standard Appendix). 4 Current Braille scheme
4.1 Xinmu
4.1.1 Dot
: (12)b;
: (134)
(1345)
(1245)
(1234)
(124)f;
(2345)
#(123)1:
(13)k.qi
Disclaimer: This information comes from the Internet and is for reference only without verification! (12345) ch:
(245)
(1A)
: the tone is held for a long time,
4.1.2 finals
(156)sh;
(1356)2;
(234)
when combined with the finals i, and the finals related to 1, it is pronounced as J, 9,. k.
(2346)
(1246)
(123456)
(2456)
(23456)
(3456)
(１３４６)
(2356)
4.2 Lu Diao
Yinping (): Yanghu
4.3 Punctuation
Period table (5,2 3):
comma (4):
interval 2 (5,3):
number link (36):
(1235)
【235）
(12356)
(1256)
(13456)
(135）
(1236)
(12456)
(123 4 6) uan t
(1456)
（2): above by year
（3): law voice
（23):
comma (5):
semicolon (56):
sensing number rate (5 6,2)
Quotation marks (45
Single quotation marks (4.5.4 5
Brackets (56,3
Square brackets (56, 23
Dash # (6, 36):
Hyphen rate (36):
15Name route (536
6, 2 3:
56, 23);
45):
Ellipsis (5, 5, 5):
Emphasis (6):
Book title black (5, 3
Spacer rate (6.3):
Latin capital letter group (6)
Annotation number set (2 3 5 6, 3 5).
4.4Numbers and Arabic numerals
4. 4. 1NumberbzxZ.net
Bold font size (6):
Lateral lowercase year (56):
Light tone without tone mark.
If Arabic numerals appear in the text, a number must be added before the number. Number representation method: (3456). 4.4.2 Arabic numerals
Arabic numeral representation method:
Disclaimer This information comes from the Internet and has not been verified. For reference only! 1(3456,1)
24(3456,1 2)
3.(3A56,14):
4(3456145)
5:(3456.15):
6(3456.124)4
7年#(3456,1245):
B#（3456125）:
91:(3456.24):
0#(3456,245).
Example: 3
4.5 Spelling rules
Except for h, ch, sh, 『, 7,, s, the initials cannot form syllables by themselves. The finals can form syllables by themselves. When spelling, the initial consonants are in the year and the finals are in the line.
Example:
81888848138 8508
葡萄跳桃
4. 6 Tone Marking Rules
18 805 81138 61
龙腾虎跃
In order to help the visually impaired read better, pronounce the tones correctly, and understand the meaning of words, the following regulations are made for the current Braille texts that should and should not be marked with tones.
4.6.1 Unfamiliar words and idioms should be marked with tones. 4.6.2 Point-less words (including poetry and ancient medical texts) should be marked with tones. 4,6.3 Proper nouns that appear for the first time in the text (except for very common ones) should be marked with tones. In order to distinguish homophones and homographs, some words should be marked with tones. 4.6.4||t t||Example:
: To Ding
Use notification
Use variable shadow fruit to rule
The organ causing disease
Enzyme is placed below
4.6.5 Words composed of two single letters: the former is the initial consonant, and the latter is the final vowel, and the tone must be marked between them. shi
Example:
Quantity of plants
When it is used,
4.6.6 Monosyllabic words should generally be marked with tones,
monosyllabic words that are frequently used may not be marked with tones. See Appendix D (Suggested Appendix) 4.6.7 When disyllabic and polysyllabic words need to be marked with tones, first consider marking the tone on the first character; but sometimes in order to distinguish homonymous characters, other characters can also be marked with tones.
Example:
4.6.8 Pronouns, adverbs, tense particles, construction particles, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, onomatopeia (except as specified in 4.6.6) are generally not marked with tones. 4.6.9 Foreign proper nouns (except as specified in 4.6.5) are generally not marked with tones. 4.7 Examples of current spellings
Disclaimer 8 This document has been purchased from the Internet and has not been verified. For reference only! For examples of current spellings, see Appendix E (the appendix of the instructions) 5 Braille Scheme for Chinese Double Pinyin
5.1 Letters, Tones and Punctuation Writing
5. 1. 1 Chinese Characters
A real syllable of Chinese, i.e. a syllable with a tone, is spelled with two characters. The initial character is on the left and the rhyme character is on the right. The initial character has a consonant, a semi-initial character, zero initial character and a medial character: the rhyme character has a vowel, zero rhyme character and a tone mark. 5.11.1
Initial consonants and zero consonants
(34）
(1234)
(12)h;
(145)
(1245)
[ bu ]
$［ zhi]
[ zi ]
［chi］
［ ci ]
(25)
(13）
(1345)
I mu]
[ shi ]
［si]
［fu]
Note: when ,, and the same medial vowel i form a combination of initial and intermediate consonants, they become pronounced as ,,x. When paired with zero vowel, read their name sounds (name phonetic symbols are in square brackets), b, p, m, f name sounds are bu, pu, mu, fu.
b) Zero vowel symbol is (23456). When
is a syllable in Xuan, Ji vowel should be paired with it in Sheng. 5.1.1.2 Semi-initials Qiu and medial vowels
) Semi-initials (25) (i), (26) w (u), (z56) yu can be paired with zero vowel to form a syllable, or combined with vowels. b) Medial vowels (5) i, string (6) μ, string (56) are not independent vowels. They can only be paired with zero vowel to form a syllable or combined with vowels after they form a vowel-medial vowel with an initial consonant. The table of vowel-medial vowels is shown in Appendix B (Standard Appendix). 5.1.1.3 Finals and zero characters
b) Finals
(1245)
(34)
((124)
(l)en;
(12).
b) Magpie character
(24)c, 0:
c) Several special forms of the combination of the intermediate vowels I, u and the finals enga
(6, 24) The medial vowel u is combined with the vowel e, which is equivalent to the pinyin uo, that is, (135) in current Italian text: (615) The medial vowel u is combined with the vowel eng, which is equivalent to the pinyin ong, that is, (256) in current Braille; (5, 24) The medial vowel i is combined with the vowel e, which is equivalent to the pinyin ie, that is, (15) in current text: (5, 1) The medial vowel 1 is combined with the vowel en, which is equivalent to the pinyin in, that is, (12 6) in current spoken text: 5
Disclaimer: This information comes from Yongluo Kongquesheng and has not been verified. It is for reference only! - (5, "5) The medial vowel 1 is combined with the vowel eng, which is equivalent to the ing in Chinese Pinyin, that is, the current (16) in Braille: (56, 24) The medial vowel e is combined with the vowel hu, which is equivalent to the e in Chinese Pinyin, that is, the current Braille (23456); (56, 1) The medial vowel en is combined with the vowel hu, which is equivalent to the un in Chinese Pinyin, that is, the current note (456) in spoken language: (56, 15); The upper vowel ong is combined with the vowel ong, which is equivalent to the iong in Chinese Pinyin, that is, the current Braille (1456) )"\ (6, 1) the medial vowel u is combined with the vowel en, which is equivalent to the current pinyin (25): (6, 34) the medial vowel u is combined with the vowel ei, which is equivalent to the pinyin i, which is the current white text (2466): -: (5, 14) the medial vowel 1 is combined with the vowel u, which is equivalent to the pinyin u, which is the current rich text (1256). 5.1.2 Tone marking method
yinping - the vowel becomes zero rhyme symbol plus the third dot:
yangihu - the vowel or ji rhyme symbol plus the sixth Dot; add the 3rd and 6th dots to the upper vowel or zero vowel symbol;
falling tone, \- vowel or zero vowel symbol without dot:
light vowel or zero vowel descending dot. Rhyme plate, (34) ei's tone marking method is to add the 5th dot to the yinping tone, add the 6th dot to the fuping tone: add the 5th and 6th dots to the upper yin vowel: do not add dots to the falling vowel, and remove the dot to the light vowel.
5.1. 3 Recognize and read the syllables
· (5, 24) the first half of ei or the langka shen of y is: é: -. (4 24) yo :
:: (35, 245) er [the erhua rhyme coda is written as -— (35), add an even hyphen (3) after the erhua rhyme coda (35) in the middle of the word 6）
b） Read Gaozhu as a whole. The marking method is to mark the finals and tones, and add a dot on the square symbol. Examples:—er—r
Little bird
, flower
Pianer soup
5. 1. 4 Punctuation
Avoid marks (5)
Semicolon: (56);
+*:(5,5.5):
*. (5. 3):
Quotation marks in quotation marks
15Name
*(6):
(6,3):
(5,23):
+(56,2)
.:(5, 36
*(5,
5Book title marks in titles
Brackets in brackets
Square brackets
Dash
(56,
6, 2);
23);
(56, 23
(6, 36):
(6):
Proper name marks
"拉" character thumb mark (6)
Note ￥ mark #(2356, 35)￥
Small mark #(3463456).
5.1.5 Examples of Chinese double-pinyin spellings||t t||5623):
Connection number (36):
Bold font (6):
Letter or foreign language number (56):
Letter lowercase number (56):
Space number (5,2):
Disclaimer 8 Information is verified by experience!
See Appendix F (Reminder Appendix).
5.1. 6 Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals representation method Current phonetic scheme (see 4.4, 2). 5.2 Homophone differentiation method, abbreviation method, and mute character determination method 5.2.1 Homophone differentiation method
5.2.1.1 Differentiation of the light tone "的", "地", "得" The light tone "的" of the connecting attributive is written (34): - The light tone "地" of the adverbial is written (345): The light tone "得" of the connecting complement is written (34, 35). 5.2.1.2 For very commonly used homophones and homophonic words, add 4 or 5 dots before the word. Example:
5.2.1.3 When general homophonic words need to be differentiated, mute character determination can be used (see 5.2.3). 5. 2. 2 Abbreviation method
5.2. 2. 1 Repeating symbol (3 4 5 6) Syllable repetition: To indicate the repetition of the first… syllables in a word, write a repetition sign in succession. Example:
many
E1 3E :S 30 18
talk to each other
34 88 8885 56 88
thousands
81 38 8
xiongqiyue
Syllable group repetition: To indicate the repetition of the previous word or phrase that stops in reverse, write a repetition sign on the blank side (punctuation is not included). Example:
EIEHRE
many
318686318191533518
forward,
forward, forward!
Omission of the season symbol at the end of a disyllabic or polysyllabic word5. 2.2.2
To avoid confusion:
The final syllable of a syllable-effective word or a polysyllabic word, if it is a falling tone or a light tone, its zero rhyme symbol can be omitted: if this syllable has both a falling tone and a light tone (such as "蚊子" and "文字"), the zero rhyme symbol of the falling tone character cannot be omitted. The pronunciation book (35, 12) - Exception: The zero rhyme symbol cannot be omitted. If the final syllable is of other tones, the symbol of Ji can be omitted if there is contextual constraint and no misunderstanding occurs. 5.2.2.3 Abbreviations of some common words
Abbreviations at the end of a word:
We have
Abbreviations of words:
I you he
Just "that is
85 88
We are sad we you punish us
Our your
Their
Responsible sound is from the two networks of science and technology research and has not been verified. For reference only!
Their
Their
5.2. 3 Mute pronunciation
Mute pronunciation is a simple annotation in the text to clarify the meaning of a word. It is an additional component in the text. It is not pronounced when reading. The mute pronunciation must be before or after the complete syllable to avoid confusion in syllable division. 5. 2. 3. 1 Fixed word mute
a) The symbol for fixed word mute is (45). Any syllable with this symbol before it is a fixed word mute. It can form a disyllabic word with the adjacent syllable to indicate what part of the word this syllable belongs to. When selecting fixed word mute, it is necessary to make sure that it forms a disyllabic word with the original syllable, and try to match the original meaning of the syllable to facilitate the reader's understanding of the original text. Example: 糖和组病率甲
宝(贝)
(生)产
用
露(水)
r* FAFIshH
b) By using spaces and hyphens appropriately, it can be determined whether the fixed word mute is before or after the original syllable. Unless there is a line break, a hyphen shall not be written after the fixed word mute (see example 5.2.3.2). 5. 2. 3. 2 Explanation of explicit sounds
a) The symbol for explaining mute sounds is (456). All syllables or sound groups written after this symbol are explanation mute sounds. It explains the meaning of the previous word.
Example:
Ape (monkey) sound
Light (fast)
Boat (ship)
Crying ()
9 38 18 89
Can't stop,
If this explanation requires two words, add the explanation mute symbol in front of each word. Series example:
(Momentum
Yan people)
The whole world
When necessary, the fixed word mute and the explanation mute can be combined and used at the same time. Example:
4 8888 18
Wine (owe) debt
6 Rules for writing participles together
B 11 3
6.1 Basic rules for writing participles together
Must comply with the grammar of the language
Where to go
Must comply with the logic and habit of the language: rare.
(wherever you go)
-It is necessary to consider the appropriate length of syllables and appropriately reduce some scattered single-syllable words. 6.2 General rules for writing participles together
6.2.1 The word is basically spelled as a unit, and each morpheme or phonology of each word is written together. Example:
TV
Library
Chocolate
Classmates,
6.2.2 To express an overall concept, a fixed phrase composed of polysyllabic words is written separately by word. to
Disclaimer The data used is from the research table and verified by the participants! Music example Ge Xing Yin Liang Shi and Fu Nian Guo She Ke Xiang also use Jing Hua Ye Note: "" indicates that the front and back parts are divided into two parts, the same below, no additional marking. 6.2.3 The two-syllable and three-syllable structures that represent an overall concept are written together if they have been wordized. Example: Steel Switch National
Patriotic Bird Week Sorry
6.2.4 The names that represent an overall concept with more than four syllables are written by word (or phrase): When they cannot be divided by word (or phrase), they should be connected.
Example:
Seamless steel bend
Production relations
Environmental protection planning
Model worker
Graduate school
Red Cross
Production power amplifier
Houttuynia cordata paleontologist
6.2.5 In order to facilitate reading and understanding, and to quickly form a concept of the meaning of the word, some short phrases with fewer syllables and more closely combined in meaning are written together to reduce some scattered monosyllabic forms. Example: Red flower black hundred pieces
New China
6.3 Rules for the segmentation and continuation of various words and phrases Animal literature and travel
The rules for the segmentation and continuation of various words and phrases are shown in Appendix D (title appendix). 7 General Writing Format of Chinese Texts
7.1 Title
The title of the text should be written in the center and written in two or three lines. When wrapping, the integrity of the participle should be taken into consideration. The author's name should be written in the center of the text.
7.2 Body
The body should be written in the title of the article with one line left blank. The subheading should be written in the middle with two spaces left blank. The heading of the text should be written in the top margin with two spaces left blank. Each paragraph should be written in a new line with two spaces left blank. 7.3 Signature
The signature or year, month, and year of the article or letter should be written in the lower corner and cannot be written separately on the next page. 7.4 Punctuation
There should be a space after the colon, comma, semicolon, colon, and ellipsis; there should be no space after the period, period, and exclamation mark: there should be no space before and after the dash. There should be a space before the ellipsis, and there should be no space between the ellipsis and the punctuation mark that follows it. There should be a space before and after the quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks with the words before and after them, but sometimes when quotation marks and brackets are placed in the middle of a word, there should be no space. There should be no space between the front bracket and the front book title marks and the punctuation marks that occupy two spaces before them. Except for dashes and ellipsis, general punctuation marks should not be separated from the previous word and arranged on a new line. When a word is written on a new line, the connecting mark of the word separator should be marked at the beginning of the line: the words before and after the separator are written together, and when the line is broken, it should be marked at the end of the line.
Collective and emphasis marks are marked before the word. If there are more than four words, only two boldface marks or emphasis marks are needed before the first word, and one before the last word, which means that all the words are in the same style or in the same style. 7.5 Poetry
Each line of a poem should be written in the top-aligned format. If one line is not enough, it should be written with two spaces before the next line. Poetry inserted in the text should be written with four spaces, and if one line is not enough, it should be written with six spaces before the next line. Small characters in the text should be written with four spaces, and if one line is not enough, it should be written with two spaces before the next line. The same goes for the main text above and below. 7.6 Foreign words in the text
Foreign words and foreign letters in the text should be written with two spaces before and after each letter. Foreign letters marked with letter marks can be written with one space before and after each letter. For a series of capital letters representing abbreviations, if there are more than two capital letters, only two capital marks are added before the first letter. See Appendix G (Suggested Appendix) for the English Braille alphabet.
7.7 Others
The dot after the sequential number in the title should be removed in the text, and two spaces should be left after it. The title on the cover should be written from the fifth line. The author's name should be written in the center with one line left blank. The main title of the diary should be written in the format of the main title, and the subtitle should be written with two spaces. If one line is not enough, you can wrap it and leave four spaces: the chapter title indicated by numbers should be aligned with the words after the numbers in the previous line when wrapping: write the fifth dot after the title, and finally write the page number, and the page number should be aligned up and down. 9
Disclaimer This information is purchased from the Internet and has not been verified. It is for reference only! Appendix A
(Biao Xiong Appendix)
Technical parameters of braille symbols
A The shape of the dot of the education symbol is approximately hemispherical.
A2 The relevant position of the education symbol refers to A1.
The relevant technical parameters of the speech symbol refer to Table A1. Item
Recommended values ​​for Braille handwriting board are shown in Table A2. Item
Related position of speech symbol
0. 2 0. 5
0.2 ~ 0.5
2.2 2. 8
5, generally 5~6
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