Some standard content:
All technical contents of this standard are mandatory: Foreword
GB18986—2003
This standard is not equivalent to the technical content of the Joint Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No. 52 (EEC 52) 4 on the structure of small public vehicles in 2195.
This standard does not include in depth the contents of EEC 52 that are not very relevant to the structural safety of passenger cars or are not suitable for implementation as mandatory standards in my country, such as: luggage compartment, seat size, seat cushion, disabled seat, safety switch, automatic control passenger door + The contents that have been specified in relevant domestic standards or can be included in relevant standards are not included, such as the separation and pressure resistance requirements of the fuel tank, the specific requirements and test methods of the power passenger door protection, such as headlights, exterior light signals, etc. For the contents related to human body size, the characteristics of the human body in my country and the provisions of relevant standards are considered, and the US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard ( The provisions of FMVSS No. 217 Standard Passenger Car Fixing and Relaxation are adjusted. The overdue requirements of this standard are as follows: (a) the provisions of 4.5.4.1 on the maximum distance from the ground to the first step of the passenger door are not mandatory for the finalized passenger cars with a length of less than 16 meters. For finalized passenger cars with a length of more than 6 meters, they will be implemented 24 months after the implementation of the standard; (b) the requirements of 4.5.4.1 on the minimum depth of the passenger door step and 4.5.5.3 on the small clear space in front of the passenger seat are not mandatory for the finalized passenger cars; for new finalized passenger cars, they will be implemented 24 months after the implementation of the standard. ) 4.5.5.1.1 The minimum spacing of seats in the same direction shall be implemented 6 months after the implementation of the standard. d) 4.5.2.2 and 1.5, 3.3 requirements for folding seats shall be implemented 36 months after the implementation of the standard. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee CSBTS/1'C114>. The main drafting units of this standard are: China Highway Vehicle Machinery Corporation. The drafting units of this standard are: Nanjing Yijixiang Automobile Co., Ltd., Jiangling Motors Co., Ltd., Shenyang Jinbei Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Muzhou Automobile Jizhen Co., Ltd., Hebei Tuoda Door Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are Huan Du, Ya Mengrong, Xia Dongzang, Liang Zhicai, Zheng Gang, Chen Jingxie, Yu Qun, Zheng Xilai, Wang Yunfu, 1 Scope
Safety requirements for light passenger car structures
This standard specifies the safety requirements for light passenger car structures. This standard applies to single-deck buses of Class A and Class B (excluding sleeper buses) in Class M and Class M:. 2 Normative referenced documents
GB18986—2003
The clauses in the following documents become the adopted clauses of this standard with the reference of this standard. For all referenced documents with a registration date, all subsequent rectification orders (excluding those with errors) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, all parties who have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For referenced documents without a date, their latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB /T4780-2000 Automobile body terms
GB84101994 Combustion characteristics of automobile interior materials GH/T12428 Passenger car load calculation method
GB14166-1993 Automobile safety belt performance requirements and test methods 3 Terms and definitions in this standard
The terms in GB/T4780-2000 are used in this document. The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Sliding door
A door that can only be opened and closed by vertical (or nearly linear) movement. 3.2
Driver operated passenger door A passenger door that is opened and closed by the driver under normal driving conditions. 3.3
Double business douhlewlndo#
can be divided into two halves by a virtual line (or required surface), and the size and passability of each half shall meet the safety requirements of the general safety window. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 Axle load distribution and required conditions
4.1.1 Axle load distribution
4.1.1.1 For a stationary vehicle on a horizontal ground, the percentage of the front axle load to the total mass shall not be less than the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Minimum percentage of front auxiliary load to total weight of the vehicle
4.1.1.2 The axle load of the service axle shall not exceed its maximum allowable axle load. 4.1.2 Loading conditions
The loading mass and number of passengers of the passenger car shall comply with the provisions of (B/T12428. 4.2 Superstructure thickness
Center 18986-2003
For B-class passenger cars, calculation sheets or other commonly used appropriate methods should be used to show that the vehicle structure is sufficient to withstand the uniformly distributed static load applied to the roof, which is equivalent to the maximum gross mass of the vehicle. 4.3 Fire prevention measures
4.3.1 Engine compartment
4.3.1.1 The engine compartment should not be filled with flammable sound insulation, heat insulation materials, or materials that can absorb fuel and lubricating oil and continuously penetrate the surface.
4.3.1.2 Preventive measures should be taken (such as reasonable layout of the engine structure, instrumentation and leakage prevention measures). 4.3.2 Oil supply system 4.3.2.1 The oil supply device shall not be installed in the vehicle. 4.3.2.2 The oil supply lines and other components of the oil supply system shall be arranged in a fully protected position on the vehicle. 4.3.2.3 The torsion, bending and rotation of the vehicle body structure or powertrain shall not cause the oil supply system to be in an abnormal stress state. 4.3.2. Under the normal use of the vehicle, the oil supply system pipelines and components shall be tensioned to ensure that no damage occurs. 4.3.2.5 If a leak occurs in any part of the fuel supply system, the fuel shall be able to flow smoothly to the ground and shall not be allowed to flow into the aeration system. 4.3.3 Fuel tanks 4.3.3.1 The fuel tank shall be fixed and installed in a position that it is protected by the vehicle body structure in the event of a front or rear collision. Any part of the fuel tank shall be no less than 600 mm from the front end of the vehicle and no less than 300 mm from the rear end of the vehicle. There shall be no protruding parts, sharp edges, etc. near the fuel tank. 4.3.3.2 No part of the fuel tank shall protrude from the vehicle. 4.3.3.3 The fuel tank should be used from outside the vehicle and should not be located under doors or in the driving area, nor should it be located where fuel may reach the engine or exhaust system during refueling. 4.3.3.4 If the fuel tank is located on the side of the vehicle, it should not protrude from the adjacent body surface when the fuel tank is closed. 4.3.3.5 The fuel tank should not be opened accidentally. 4.3.4 Electrical equipment and wires 4.3.4.1 The wires should be in good condition and fixed to prevent mechanical damage or corrosion. Overload is not allowed. The wires and electrical equipment should be able to withstand changes in temperature and humidity, and should be able to withstand the temperature, oil and steam in the engine compartment. 4.3.4.2 Except for the engine, ignition coil (forced ignition), spark plug, engine pyrotechnic device, charging cable or battery, each electrical equipment power supply circuit should include a fuse and a circuit breaker. However, a common fuse or common circuit breaker may be provided for the power supply to low-power equipment, and the rated current provided shall not exceed 15A. 4.3.5 Battery
4.3.5.1 The battery compartment shall be installed with a battery and shall be replaced and maintained regularly. 4.3.5.2 The battery compartment shall be insulated from the carriage and well ventilated. 4.3.6 Fire Extinguisher
4.3.6.1 A space of not less than 600mm×200mm×200mm shall be provided near the driver's seat for the installation of a secondary fire extinguisher. Alternatively, two spaces of not less than 400mm×10cmx10cm shall be provided for the installation of two fire extinguishers, one of which shall be near the seat.
4.3.8.2 Fire extinguishers shall be easily accessible and protected to avoid loss or damage, and shall be clearly marked where they are stored. 4.3.7 Materials
4.3.7.1: In the range of 10mm from the exhaust, no flammable materials are allowed, unless the materials can effectively protect the exhaust. 4.3.7.2 The interior and exterior decoration parts of the vehicle should be made of flame retardant materials, and the flame retardancy should comply with the provisions of GB8410-1992. 4.4 Exits
4.4.1 Number of exits
4.4.1.1 Each vehicle shall have at least two doors, of which at least one is a passenger door. 2
4.4.1.2 The minimum number of emergency exits is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Minimum number of emergency exits
Multiplied by the number of emergency exits
Minimum number of emergency exits
GH18986-2003
4.4.1.3 The power-controlled passenger door is generally not considered as a safety door and is activated only when necessary. 4.4.5.1. The control specified in the regulations is not a child's door. The child's door can only be opened manually from inside or outside the vehicle to function as a safety door. 4.4.1.4 The driver's area that is not connected to the vehicle trunk should have two exits, but should not be located on the same side of the vehicle body. 4.4.1.5 The double-channel door should be regarded as two doors, and both should be regarded as two safety doors. 4.4.2 Exit Locations
4.4.2.1 The passenger door should be located on the right or rear side of the vehicle. There should be at least one exit on each side of the left and right sides of the vehicle. 4.4.2.2
4. 4, 2.3
The front and rear halves of the passenger area should each have at least one exit. 4.4.2.4 The front and rear halves of the passenger area should have at least one exit, and a safety window should be provided on the vehicle. 4.4.2.5
If there is no adaptive aisle between the seats for the front-row seats and the empty seats for the passengers next to them and the main passenger area, the following requirements shall apply:
The exit number plate in the main passenger area shall comply with the provisions of 4.4.1, and its location shall comply with the provisions of 4.4.2.1 to 4.4.2.3. If the steering wheel, engine hood, transmission throw and parking brake handle do not cause too much friction, the passenger door should be the driver's safety door: the passenger door should be the driver's body, and can be used as the driver's safety door. c) The doors specified in b) may not meet the requirements of 4.4.3, 4.5., 4.5.2, 4.3.4 and 1.8.1. 4.4.3 Minimum size The minimum size of various exits is shown in Table 3. 3: Minimum size of various exits Depth of passenger door Height: Safety door Safety quotient A passenger car: 165G Suitable for passenger cars of 4.5.1.6, 1 1u0Minimum small passenger car: 1500, such as door system up to 750, door height in 1m) single channel door: 650 double channel door: 100D
turn to height; door width can be reduced by 100
wheel cover protrusion, door drive, door corners and other parts can be reduced by 250 Suitable for 4.5.1.5 B-class single, 11t3 other passenger cars, 1250
550, single door from the door bottom within 405 upwards, there is a single cover protrusion. At the wheel cover protrusion, the damage can be reduced to 300. The skin can pass through the lung surface of 500.m (running) 330m, if the passenger door height is the vertical distance from the upper surface of the first pole to the midpoint of the door. Note 2: For passenger doors and safety doors, the top angle of the upper part is allowed to be half-angled and not less than 15cm: the arc of the opening is also allowed to be lowered. The height and height of the door in the table are the same. GB18986-2003
4.4.4 Technical requirements for passenger doors
4.4.4.1 Passenger doors should be locked reliably and are not allowed to open automatically when the bus is moving.4.4.4.2 When the vehicle is stationary, the passenger doors should be opened from inside and outside the vehicle. If the door can be opened from inside the vehicle, it is allowed to be temporarily opened from outside the vehicle
4.4.4.3 The height of the door opening device outside the vehicle from the ground (when unloaded) should not be greater than 1800rrml4.4.4.4 Articulated doors should ensure that when the vehicle moves forward, the opened door will avoid a fixed object and tend to close. 4.4.4.5 When the door is closed, any cover on the inside of the door should not be pressed. 4.4.4.6 The personnel should be able to observe the situation inside and outside the non-automatic passenger door clearly while sitting. Otherwise, optical equipment or other devices should be installed to expand the scope. 4.1.5 Additional technical requirements for power-controlled safety doors 4.4.5.1 In an emergency, when the bus is stationary, each power-controlled passenger door can be opened from inside or outside the bus through the emergency controller regardless of whether the power transmission is working. The controller should meet the following requirements: a) It has priority over other controls for opening passenger doors and is easy to operate; b) The emergency controller in the car should be located within 300 km of the door and cannot be accidentally operated. The emergency control device can be protected by a device that is easy to open and close: The emergency control device should be operated so that the driver can see or hear it.
4.4.5.2 When each power-controlled passenger door is not completely closed, one or more signal devices should be used to inform the driver. Each signal device can be used for one or more passenger doors.
4.4.5,3 When the power-controlled passenger door is activated, its structure and control system should ensure that the passengers will not be injured or pinched by the door. 4.4.6 Technical requirements for safety doors
4.4.6.1 The safety door should be easy to open from inside and outside the vehicle. If the door can be opened from inside the vehicle with a positive opening device, it is allowed to lock the door from outside the vehicle. 4.4. 6.2 The height of the safety door handle from the ground (when empty) shall not exceed 10 mm. 4.4.6.3 The front-end safety door of the vehicle shall be connected at the front and open outward. 4.4.6.4 Safety doors that are not easily visible to the driver from the seat shall be equipped with a signal device to warn the driver when the safety door is not safely closed. The device shall be activated by the movement of the door stop device (rather than the door itself). 4.4.7 Safety control technology
4.4.7.1 The safety window shall be opened or ejected from the outside of the vehicle. 4.4.7.2 The safety window shall be easily opened from inside or outside the vehicle. The safety glass shall be of high quality (this provision excludes the possibility of using laminated glass or plastic materials): || tt||4.4.7.3 The height of the bottom of the safety window from the bottom plate should not exceed 1000mm, and not less than 655mm (for the safety window with a direct connection) or 500mm (for the safety window with a broken glass). If the opening of the direct connection safety window is 50mm above the floor and there is a protective device to prevent passengers from falling out of the vehicle, the minimum height of the safety window from the direct connection plate is 500mm. However, the opening of the protective device should not be less than the provisions of 1.4.3.
1.4.7.4 A signal device should be installed for the direct connection safety window that is not easily visible to the driver from the seat to warn the driver when the safety window is not completely closed. The device should be used to activate the movement of the stop device (but the main function) of the safety window. 4. 4.8 Technical requirements for safety bZxz.net
4.4.1 The safety door should be able to ensure smooth access to and from the aisle when the doors are parallel. The ejection-type safety roof should be able to be used for safety reasons. 4.4.2 The safety roof should be easy to open or remove from inside or outside the vehicle. If it is opened from inside the vehicle by a conventional opening or closing device, it is allowed to lock the safety roof when no passengers are present for the sake of vehicle safety. 4.4.9 Extendable step board
4.4.9.1 The movement of the power-lifting retractable step board should be synchronized with the corresponding passenger door or safety door. 4.4.9.2 When the door is closed, the extendable step board should not extend beyond the vertical projection of the vehicle body side by 10mm. When the door is open and the step board is in the extended position, its surface area should comply with the requirements of 4.3 and 4.1. 4.4.9.3 When the step board is not fully retracted, there should be a signal to warn the driver. G8 18986-2003
4.4.9.4 For doors that are not in the direct line of sight of the vehicle, when the passenger stands on the power-operated retractable step board, the retracted door should not close smoothly. This can be checked by placing a small object on the step board. 4.4.9.5 The step board should not be able to open while the vehicle is moving. If the operating device of the power follower tread fails, the tread will be retracted and maintained in the retracted position. Even if the tread fails or is damaged, the opening and closing of the corresponding door shall not be affected. 4.4.9.6 The movement of the tread shall not cause any harm to passengers and waiting persons. 4.4.9.7 The outer edge of the tread shall adopt an angle transition with a radius of not less than 5mm, and its upper and lower edges shall adopt an angle transition with a radius of not less than 2.5mm. 4.4.9.8 When the door is opened, the extended tread shall be safely maintained in the open position. At this time, when an object with a mass of 136kg is placed in the center of the tread of a single-channel door or an object with a mass of 272kg is placed in the center of the tread of a double-channel door, the deformation of any point on the tread shall not exceed 10mm. 4.4.10 Signs Emergency controls for passenger doors and all emergency exits shall be marked with typical symbols or clear text and their activation methods shall be indicated. 4.5 Car interior cloth quantity
4,5.1 Approach to passenger screening door
4.5.1.1 From the passenger door to the inward 300mm water half direction) at the speed, the lead plate 1 or the vertical plate 2 (see Figure 1 and Table 4) should be allowed to pass through, and the moving direction of the front of the vertical plate is consistent with the passenger exit direction. The unit is mm
Solution plate 1
Vertical plate 2
Previous: The lead plate is an effective connecting plate, and its lower plate is located within the required height projection of the upper plate, and the upper and lower plates are allowed to buckle in the same direction. Figure 1 Starting plate
GB18986—2003
B climbing car
Table 4 A value of vertical plate 1
Net you are changed meters
4.5.1.2, from 300mm inside the soft door to the edge of the F-level step board, the approach should allow the vertical plate 3 to pass freely. The shape and size of the plate are the same as the central section of the channel measurement device specified in 4.5.3.1 (see Figure 5 and Table 5), and the thickness is 20mm.4.5.1.3 When measuring the vertical plate, it is not allowed to select the area 300mm in front of the storage belt and above the seat (see Figure 1). 4.5.1.1 If a foldable seat holder is installed, it should be measured when it is in the open position. 4.5.1.5 For attendant seats that can be automatically folded, they can serve as access to the passenger doors when in use, but when not in use, the seats should be able to fold automatically and meet the requirements of 4.5.1.1 and 4.5.1.2. 4.5.1.6 For Class B buses with a total mass of no more than 3.51 and a maximum number of seats of 12, if each of these has access to the first and second doors, it is not necessary to meet the requirements of 4.5.1.1~1.5,1.4,4.5.2.1,4.5.3.1,4.5.5.3. 4.5.1.7 The unobstructed access described in 4.5.1.6 shall meet the following requirements: a) The longest path measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bus , the width of the passage at any position shall not be less than 221mm; the width of the passage at any position above 500mm above the floor or step shall not be less than 55cm, see Figure 2, the unit is meter
Figure 2, unobstructed access to the door (axial direction)) measured perpendicular to the axis of the passenger car, the width of the passage at any position shall not be less than 300m: within the range of 120mm above the floor or step and 300mm below the passage, the width of the passage at any position shall not be less than 5502+ see Figure 3
4.5.2 Approach to the safety door
4.5.2.1 The approach between the passage and the safety door shall comply with the safety door approach measurement device (see Figure 47). 4.5.2.2 adds a folding seat for approach safety, and when it is opened, the dimensions of the safety door shall meet the requirements of 4.5.1 or 4.4.2.5b), and there shall be no obstruction between the driver's seat and the passenger area. 4.5.2.4 If there is a door + driver's seat opposite the driver's door with a maximum passenger seat, the door shall also be subject to the provisions of 1.5.2.3. 4.5.2.5 For Class B buses with a maximum design gross mass not exceeding 3.5t and a maximum number of seats not exceeding 12, the access to the safety door 1 shall comply with the provisions of 4.5.1.6, 30p min. The unobstructed access to the door (in the horizontal direction) is 400m, the lower part is within the vertical shadow of the lower door, and the upper and lower doors are allowed to be relative to each other. Figure 4 Safety gate lead-in measuring equipment
4.5.3 Channel
4.5.3.1 The test should allow the use of 5 and the measuring device shown in Table 5 through nP
GB18996-2003
Unit is mm
Unit is m
GB18986-2003
Lower figure
Upper four-cylinder body
Passenger car type
Total distance H
Figure 5 Pass-through measuring device
Required 5 Aisle measurement dimensions
D
350(300)*
500(400)5
1900018.3)
In the following positions, the diameter of the lower four-pillar of a short-carriage vehicle can be reduced to 300 mm-the horizontal vertical plane at 1500 mm in front of the rear axle; the horizontal plane at the rear of the rear axle. b In the following rear conditions, the vertical plane of the upper part of a dry passenger car can be located at 1.3 mm in front of the centerline of the rear axle, and the horizontal plane at the rear of the rear passenger door. 4.5.3.2 Steps are allowed in the passage, and their width should not be less than the width of the aisle at the top of the step. 200
4,5.3.3 If a passage is provided for passenger use, the width control requirements shall be met when it is combined. Unit: mm
Unit: tt||4.5.3.4 For B passenger-carrying years applicable to 4.5.1.6 and meeting the prescribed road dimensions, no passage is required. The slope of the road shall not exceed the provisions of Table 6. 4.5.3.5 Coach types Intended use Micro-guided vehicles 4.5.4 Treads 4.5. 4.1 The maximum height, minimum height and minimum depth of the treads allowed in Table E are shown in Figure 6 and Table 7. 300 mic First step Other step specifications Maximum height, minimum height and minimum depth of the tread A Coach Maximum height De from the ground Minimum depth.
Maximum height A5a
Minimum height Kan
Measurement of small depth Agk
Social; Clear elevation should be measured in each slow step. 2
For example, the single passenger door of the t-class passenger car has a guard.. of 430 Safety door
Policy passenger door
CB1B986-—2003
Unit is meter
Unit is vertical water
Class full car
Safety door
A The passenger door of the leading passenger car is located before the front, and its D.. is 90: the passenger door located after the rear drawer, D.. is 41.b For the passengers after the rear drawer, its D.. is.
For the steps in the passage, E is 2Gu
4.5.4.2 The height of the first step board should be measured when the vehicle is equipped. At this time, the tire matching and air pressure should be in accordance with the regulations of the road manufacturer. 4.5.4.3 For more than one continuous step board, the vertical shadow area of each step board to the previous step board is allowed to be no more than 100mm deep, and the depth of the self-exposed surface outside the shadow area is not less than 200mm. See Figure 6 and Table 74.5.4.4 The area of each step board should be no less than The distance in any direction should be no less than 5, 4.5.5 The space of multi-functional chairs
B18988-2003
Spacing between seats (see Figure 7)
Figure 7 Spacing between small seats
The unit is meter
4.5.5.1.1 For multi-functional chairs, the distance between the front of the seat back and the back of the front seat backrest should be no less than 650mm, measured horizontally at the highest point of the upper surface of the cushion and 620mm above the floor. 4.5.5.1.2 For seats arranged in a row facing each other, the minimum distance between the front surfaces of two opposite backrests shall be not less than 120mm, measured through the plane at the highest point of the seats. 4.5.5.1.3 All measurements shall be made in a vertical plane passing through the centre of the (single-person) seat, and the seat cushions and backrests shall not be depressed. 4.5.5.1.4 When there is no guard or other obstruction in front of the front seats of buses and coaches, a safety belt should be installed and comply with the provisions of GB4166-109s. 4.5.5.2 Clear space 4.5.5.2.1 Each seat should have a vertical clear space of not less than 990m2 above the plane where the highest point of the seat is not depressed, and not less than 1750m2 above the floor where the passengers' feet are. For Class B buses and buses applicable to 4.5.1.6, it can be reduced to 12m above the wheel arch not exceeding the vertical center of the seat, measured from the floor surface. 4.5.5.2.2 This clearance shall include the following horizontal areas: a) A rectangular area symmetrical to the vertical plane of the center of the bed, 40 mm wide and 1 mm long (see Figure 8), which is the vertical plane of the center of the seat:
The area for the feet of the seated passengers is 400 mm wide and 300 mm deep (see Figure 1]) b)
4.5.5.2.3 This clearance does not include the 15 mm and 19 mm front rectangular area on the upper part of the car wall (see Figure 9). 4.5.5.2.4 In 4.5.5.3.2b> The space above or behind the vehicle body is filled with the following protrusions:
b) Protrusions are allowed in the triangular area above the space adjacent to the vehicle body (see Figure 3): In the lower part of the space adjacent to the vehicle body, the area with a horizontal load of no more than 2×10mm and a maximum width of 10tm (see Figure 9, fill the pipe
2) In the lower part of the space adjacent to the vehicle body, protrusions of the wheels are allowed, but must meet the requirements of 4.5.5.2.1.) For the front seats, only At a height of 650mm from the ground, the instrument panel is allowed to protrude no more than 100mm. 4.5.5.2.5 For the two rear seats, the upper space in the area described in 4.5.5.2.2) close to the rear of the vehicle body can be replaced by a fan with a radius of 150mm (see Figure 10). 4.5.5.2.6 For the front seats, the upper front space of the area described in 4.5.5.2.2b> can be replaced by a plane parallel to the side, which passes through the upper rear edge of the space and is at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the water. (See the dotted line portion in 11) 4.5.5.3 The space in front of each passenger seat is shown in Figure 11. 16
The upper surface of the unsunk seat cushion
Measure the vertical depth of the area above the seat
Inside the vehicle
This is called the infected person and then
Measure the underwater four at the highest point
Figure 9 allows components and temporary protrusions
G18986—2003
The unit is meter
The unit is meter
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