Some standard content:
ICS 07. 060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20483--2006
Land desertification monitoring method061214000012
2006-08-28 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2006-11-01 Implementation
GB/T20483—2006
Normative references
Technical explanation and definition
Monitoring of climate change and human activities
Monitoring of desertification attributes
Definition of desertification patches
Appendix A (Normative Appendix)
Record table format,
Appendix B (Informative Appendix)
Calculation of evaporation power by the Budeko synthesis method
References
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Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Policy and Regulations Department of the China Meteorological Administration. The drafting unit of this standard is Jilin Meteorological Science Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Zhi Keguang, Lian Yi, Sun Li, Ren Hongling, Tu Gang, Wang Qi and Wu Feng. GB/T20483—2006
GB/T 20483—2006
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According to the definition of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification adopted in 1991, desertification refers to the land degradation of dry, semi-arid and humid dry areas caused by climate change and human activities. In order to provide reasonable and unified basic data for the evaluation of land desertification and related research in my country, this standard is formulated. This standard clarifies the monitoring seasons, monitoring equipment and technical methods for the main factors of desertification, and proposes the methods and technical requirements that should be selected when determining the boundaries of desertification patches. The development of desertification is closely related to climate change, human activities, especially drought. Therefore, this standard proposes the data and methods to be used to measure climate change, water balance, groundwater level changes and record human activities in various regions. Land degradation is mainly manifested in vegetation destruction and reduced production potential. The reduction of biomass is the most obvious result of desertification. This standard proposes various methods for monitoring biomass and technical methods to be used when assessing the severity of wind erosion, wind accumulation, salinization, water shortage and soil erosion. Desertification can also cause the deterioration of the surrounding meteorological environment, such as an increase in sandstorms and dust storms. This standard also proposes monitoring and statistical methods for these phenomena. 1 Scope
Monitoring methods for desertification
GB/T 20483—2006
This standard specifies the areas in the People's Republic of China that require long-term monitoring of desertification and the time for annual monitoring. At the same time, it stipulates the technical methods to be used to monitor the degree of desertification, causes and development trends in the desert, and the technical methods to be used to determine the boundary of desertification. This standard is not applicable to desert areas and does not include database construction and mapping methods. 2 Normative references The following documents are cited in this standard as the terms recommended by this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB19377 Grading index of natural grassland degradation, desertification and salt liquefaction LY/T1229 Determination of hydrolyzable ammonia in forest soil LY/T 1233
Determination of available phosphorus in forest soil
LY/I 1236
Determination of available potassium in Senbei Tuyan
NY/T'53 Determination of total nitrogen in soil
Determination of organic matter in soil
NY/T 85
Determination of individual phosphorus in soil
NY/T 88
NY/189 Determination of total clock in soil
51./7183 Specification for groundwater monitoring
Specification for ground meteorological observation
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Desert
A natural area with dry climate, scarce and variable rainfall (annual precipitation less than 60mm or moisture content less than 0.05), sparse and low vegetation, and poor soil solution. Deserts can be divided into rock deserts, gravel deserts, sand deserts, mud deserts and salt deserts according to surface materials. 3.2
Deserlification
Land degradation in arid, semi-humid and sub-humid areas caused by factors such as climate change and human activities. 3.3
Land dcgradation
The reduction or loss of biological productivity (or economic productivity) and diversity per unit area of land. These include: wind erosion and water erosion leading to loss of soil material; degradation of soil physical, chemical and biological properties or economic characteristics; long-term loss of natural vegetation, etc. 1
GB/T 20483—2006
Arid, semiarid and dry sub-humid area The area with a humidity index between 0.05 and C.65 is arid, semiarid and sub-humid area. -TiKAON KAca-
Note: This standard uses the humidity index as an index to divide the degree of regional humidity. The humidity index refers to the ratio of annual precipitation to evaporation. When it is less than 0.1, it is an extremely dry area; 0.33~0.20 is an arid area; C.20~3.50 is a semi-arid area; 0.50~0.63 is a sub-arid area; and greater than C.65 is a humid area. 3. 6
Biological productivitybiologicalproductivityThe total amount of organic matter accumulated by organisms per unit area of land during the entire growth process, including the weight of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and the animals they feed on. 3.7
LandscapelandscapeA natural area complex with a single geological basis, the same origin, and the same ecological characteristics, with a scale of several kilometers to several tens of kilometers.
Sample region
In an observation area, select a long-term observation area, with an area of 0.1km2-10km2
Measurement pointmcasuremet point
A measurement point selected randomly or selected outside the sample area according to actual conditions or selected in the sample area according to the actual situation
Measurement point
Sample plots
The sampling area selected for the measurement point trace (such as measuring plant dry weight, vegetation coverage, etc.) is 1m2~~4m, for measuring vegetation or shrubs, the sample plot is 10m2~~20m, for measuring forests, the sample plot is 500m. R
4 General Principles
Selection of monitoring sample areas and measuring points
When measuring wasteland ponds, the sample plot is
4.1.1 Principles
For the past 30 years. The area with a moisture index of 0.65 in 1971-2000 as the benchmark should be sent to the desertified land area. Each county-level administrative region shall set up sample areas according to the long-term observation type, and each scenic type shall set up 1-3 sample areas. The sample area planning shall be approved by the provincial competent municipality. The selection of sample areas shall mainly consider the representativeness of the ecological characteristics of the scenic area, including topography, geology, vegetation, and soil conditions, and also consider traffic conditions, so as to implement the monitoring work. 4.1.2 Selection of sample areas
The sample area setting is based on the 1500000 soil map compiled and drawn by the second national survey and the China Desertification Map compiled recently. The grid is divided into 5km intervals. According to the principle of taking into account the climate zone and soil zone of the grid, the sample area is established with the guidance of satellite images or aerial survey pictures and reference to traffic conditions.
4.1.3 Positioning of remaining points
Based on the actual natural conditions in the sample area, 3 to 20 measurement points are selected in the shape of sea flower, line, snake, chessboard, etc. The area of the sample square in the measurement point varies depending on the situation and the measurement items. When selecting measurement points outside the sample area, the representativeness of the nearby landscape features should also be considered. After the sample area and measurement points are determined, no marks are set up. The satellite positioning system with real-time differential function is used to determine the accurate longitude and latitude of the two ends of the sample area centerline and the center of the measurement point, and the data is recorded on the Internet. The positioning accuracy should be less than: 4.2 Monitoring items and methods
After the sample area is determined, a basic survey should be conducted, including all the items in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. Observations are conducted at the observation points every year. The items required for each year are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1 is the items that should be observed in all areas, Table 2 is the items that need to be observed according to needs, and the items measured every year are shown in Table 3. In Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, “means applicable. 2
GB/T 20483-2C06
?Heavy ball
/Period solution
Group year 3
%/Benyi
Guanxue River
GB/T 20483—2006
Item name
Observation season
Applicable method
Ground measurement
Near-surface digital image analysis
Aerial survey pictures
Satellite images
Conventional data statistics
Item name
Observation manual
Ground measurement
Soil wind erosion conditions
Spring and Autumn
Table 2 Measurement points Items to be measured
Soil salinization
Before spring ploughing
Soil erosion
Spring and autumn ploughing
Glacial erosion
Before spring ploughing
Table 3 Items to be observed in years ending in 0 and 5 Plant dry weight/(?)
20 days before and after the flowering period of dominant plants
4.3 Commonly used equipment for wasteland monitoring
4.3.1 Necessary equipment
4.3. 1. 1
Soil nutrients
After autumn harvest, between base fertilizer application for winter crops
Satellite positioning system with differential function, the positioning error should be less than 1m. Altimeter.
4. 3. 1. 2
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Evapotranspiration and water balance
Growth struggle
Soil mechanical composition
After autumn harvest Before applying base fertilizer for winter crops
Computer: Its memory capacity should allow the image processing software and geographic information system software to work normally. 4.3.1.3
256MB memory 10 hard disk, graphics card with 64MB video memory, generally required to be configured as
4.3.1.4 Digital camera: 100 pixels or more, with Selfie function. With the ability to support To the required height and maintain the required angle of the bracket.
4.3.2 Selection of equipment
4.3.2, 1 Conventional meteorological observation equipment: temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, total radiation, reflection, net radiation, etc. 4.3.2.2 Conventional groundwater level observation equipment: groundwater level measuring instruments such as bells, floats or piezoelectric sensors. Conventional soil measurement tools: excavation tools and soil surface benchmarks, soil salinity measuring instruments (EM38), soil in-situ conductivity meters, pH4.3.2.3
meters, etc.
4.3.2.4 Conventional measurement tools: 100 m measuring ropes, coils, etc. 5 Monitoring of climate change and human activities
5. 1 Statistics of precipitation and temperature changes
5.1. 1 Sliding average processing of raw data When statistically analyzing the trend of precipitation and temperature changes, the 9-point binomial filter method should be used to process the raw data.
The original data are divided into three sections for unified sorting, and the group sliding average is obtained. The calculation is shown in formula (1) to formula (3): trl
+( 1 ?
5,6.7,*.n—4)
++++++++( 2)
Wherein:
is the original data sequence;
is the sliding result sequence;
is the total number of data;
(i= n,n
1,n2,n3)
GB/T 20483—2006
—is the coefficient. aj=1,a:=8.a: -28,a2-56,a —70,4 =56,α=28.4:=8.as-1. 5. 1. 2 Requirements for original data
Data collection and processing shall comply with the "Surface Meteorological Observation Specifications". 5.2 Calculation of Humidity Index
The calculation of condensation index is shown in formula (4):
In the formula:
.S——humidity index;
evaporation power;
r——precipitation
This standard recommends using the formula of MH, Budko (EyIbIEo) comprehensive method to calculate evaporation power, see Wu (5): E. - 1. 67 (e. -c.)
Rong Zhong:
, — saturated water vapor pressure at evaporation surface temperature; e
water vapor pressure in the air.
The calculation methods of each item are shown in Appendix B.
(4)
Other methods, including the Torhwi method recommended by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee of the International Convention to Combat Desertification (IVD) and the Penman-Mantcith formula for calculating evaporation recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 1988, can be tried to gain experience.
5.3 Statistics of sandstorms, blowing sand days and rainstorms Sandstorms, blowing sand and rainstorms are routine meteorological data. The data source should comply with the "Surface Meteorological Observation Specifications" 5.3.1 Sandstorms
5.3.1.1 General provisions
A sandstorm is a strong mountain wind that blows up a large amount of dust from the ground, making the air quite mixed and the horizontal visibility less than 1.0 km. An atmospheric phenomenon, currently the moon is commonly used for observation. According to the visibility when the sandstorm occurs, the sandstorm is divided into three levels: sandstorm visibility: 0.5 km~1.0 km; strong sandstorm visibility 0.05 km~0.5 km; super strong sandstorm visibility: 0.05 km. Some areas have used satellites and other advanced tools to monitor sandstorms, and achieved good results. These methods will be included in this standard after popularization. 5.3.1.2 Statistical content requires statistics on the number of mouths and total number of days of sandstorms of various levels each year. 5.3.2 Blowing sand 5.3.2.1 General provisions Due to the strong wind blowing up the dust on the ground, making the air quite turbid, the horizontal visibility is greater than or equal to 1.0 km and less than 10. km. GB/T 20483-2006
5.3.2.2 Statistical content
Statistics on the total number of dust storms each year.
5.3.3 Statistics on the number of rainstorm days
5.3.3.1 General provisions
When the precipitation in 24 hours exceeds 50 rnrn, it is defined as rainstorm. 5.3.3.2 Statistical content
Statistics on the total number of rainstorms each year.
5.4 Statistics on groundwater level
5.4.1 General provisions
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The groundwater level data should be obtained from the basic water level monitoring network of the water conservancy department in the landscape area. The statistical content includes: the six-digit data of each year and the annual difference (referring to the difference between the monitoring value at the end of the year and the monitoring value of the same period of the previous year) 5.4.2 Analysis of data sources Requirements
5.4.2.1 The water resources to be measured should come from the basic water level monitoring system or the integrated monitoring system of the Ministry of Water Resources. It is not advisable to use production wells. There should be no natural water bodies or water conservancy engineering facilities near the monitoring well that may affect the measurement accuracy. The structure, materials and construction of the monitoring well should comply with the provisions of SL/T 183 of the Ministry of Water Resources. When it is necessary to build a water level observation well, the measurement of its elevation, the design and construction of the well, the accuracy of the instrument and the operation method should all comply with the provisions of SL./T 183 of the Ministry of Water Resources.
5.4.2.2 Measuring tools
The measuring tools such as measuring ropes should comply with the allowable error provisions of the national metrological verification regulations. 5.4.2.3 Observation time
The data can be selected from the records of December 1, 6, 11, 6, 21, and 26 at 8:00 (Xinjiang, Tibet, and Beihai can be changed to 10:00). 5.4.3 Data quality assurance
The measurement unit should comply with the S-/T183 standard of the Ministry of Water Resources. 5.5 Important human activities
5.5.1 Record content
Population of the county-level administrative area, total industrial output, total agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery output, cultivated land area, yield of major crops (kg/hrm*), number of livestock and their chemical composition. Major events include: major reforms in the farming system; completion of reservoirs, canals, roads and railways; commissioning of large and medium-sized industries, etc.
5.5.2 Data source
Statistical department (noon report).
5.6 Record of extreme natural disasters
5.6.1 Record of extreme natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, droughts, rainstorms, floods, snowstorms, ice and snowstorms, frost damage, and strong winds that have an impact on the natural environment. The record content includes time, starting point, scope, intensity, and harm. 5.6.2 Data source
Local meteorological station, Ministry of Water Resources
6 Monitoring of desertification
6.1 Monitoring of wind erosion and sandification
6.1.1 Monitoring content
Wind erosion and sandification are scored according to the various items in Table 4, and then the severity is determined according to the indicators listed in the table notes. Monitoring items include soil mechanical composition, vegetation coverage, sand cover thickness, sand cover area, etc. 6
Subhumid dry grass area
Grassland, semi-arid area
Sand cover thickness/em
or gravel content
Surface morphology
Note: The total score of the four items
6.1.2 Monitoring method
Sandy land or sand dunes
Non-desertification, 1
6.1.2. 1 Investigation of erosion and deposition
Table 4 Degree of erosion and desertification
10%--29%
10%~24%
1614/5
Minimum thickness 2.1m
Light
30%~19%
25%~39%
Soil
Sand dune thickness 61m
GB/T2C483--20C6
50%~69%
40%~·59%
50--99
Sand soil
30%~49 %
, wind erosion, soil or sand thickness 10
31 is moderate, 62~
is extremely severe, and
84 is severe. Set up a marking pole to record the depth of the wind clock and the thickness of the covered sand. Use the wind method to evaluate the wind movement and select areas that have not been damaged by construction as sample plots. Table morphology: At the same time, record the thickness of the soil sand, and take the average value of each sample plot at a measuring point as the value of the measuring point. 6.1.2.2 Soil mechanical composition analysis
According to the selected method, bag the soil and place labels inside and outside.
6.2 Monitoring of salinization
6. 2.1 Monitoring Items
6.2.2 Monitoring Methods
The salt-alkali tower should take 3 to 20 soil samples every year
, take soil samples from the upper layer of 9 to 2℃cm, mix them at multiple points, and a total of about 1kg, which should be packed well, with the location and date of the sample, and sent to the relevant departments for measurement with a straw, and the international soil texture analysis system should be implemented. The soil sample should be taken during the peak period of soil salt return.
In the first sampling or each tail year, each measuring point should be layered to 100cm (0cm~~5cm5 en-~10 cn,1c east of Wushao Helan Mountain) crn--
c double west is 10cm~30cm, go to the natural soil layer (demarcate) or measure groundwater, in other years only 0cm5crl.5cm~10em10c20cm west is 10cm--30cm) upper layer. Mix multiple points in each plot and take a total of ±1kg. For each spot, take samples separately, select medium-sized samples, and connect the salt crust layer at the center of the pad. Take samples from other layers in layers up to 20cm. The soil samples of saline-alkali soil should be properly packed in plastic bags, with a label inside and outside, indicating the sampling site Point, date, depth. Send to nearby relevant departments for analysis. Samples should be sent for analysis in time, and should be kept warm indoors. Do not dry them in the sun. See Table 5 for chemical analysis items. "" in Table 5 indicates analysis items. Table 5 Chemical analysis items for soil salinization and alkalization
Saline soil and salinized soil
Alkaline soil and alkalized soil
Soluble salt composition (CISOF, CO-.
ICO, Nat, KCa'+, Mg?+)
The distribution characteristics of the complex area can be determined by the support method or digital image analysis method. 6.2.3 Indexes for classification of salinized soils
See table 6
Degree of urbanization
GB/T 20483—2006
Wushaoling-east of Helan Mountain
West of Wushaoling-Helan Mountain
Main component salt pad
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Sulfate as raw material
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Thioaldehyde as raw material
6.2.4 Indexes for classification of alkaline soils
See table 6.
Chemical properties
Alkalinity/%
Monitoring of hydraulic slow erosion
6.3.1 Monitoring items
Mild alkalinization
8. 5~.9. 3
Vegetation coverage, slope and gully ratio. 6.3.2 Monitoring methods
Table 6 Classification index of salinized soil
Light salinization
0. 3-~0. ±
C. 35 ~~ 0. 5
Medium salinization
0. 31 -- 0. 3
0. -1-0. 6
5. 51-~0. 7
0.51-~0. 65
3. 91-~1. d
1. 01-~1. 5
Classification index of alkaline soil
Moderate alkalinization
9. 1 -0. 5
Heavy salinization
0. 51---0. 7
3. 61-- 1. 5
3. 71 --1. 2
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strong alkalization
30. 1~-45
9. 6--10. C
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Unit is light
Slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by measurement or digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage rate/%
Erosion gully proportion/%
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three items ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61--84 is severe, 85 It is extremely severe. 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in showing the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is difficult to find and can be replaced by land that has been left fallow for at least 3 years. When monitoring vegetation coverage on the ground, the measurement method should be used for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation that is lower or fused into patches, the digital image analysis method should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When it must be used and estimated, it should be noted after the data (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Measure the length of the sample plot by pulling the rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides of it, and get the sample plot area. Measure the projected area of the plant canopy, and calculate 81 Monitoring content
Wind chaining is scored according to the various items in Table 4, and then the severity is determined according to the indicators listed in the table notes. Monitoring items include soil mechanical composition, vegetation coverage, sand cover thickness, sand cover area, etc. 6
Subhumid dry grass area
Grass, semi-arid area
Sand cover thickness/em
Or gravel content
Surface morphology
Note: The total score of the four items
6. 1. 2 Monitoring method
Sand land or sand dunes
Non-desertification, 1
6. 1.2. 1 Investigation of erosion and deposition
Table 4 Degree of erosion and desertification
10%--29%
10%~24%
1614/5
Minimum thickness 2.1m
Light
30%~19%
25%~39%
Soil
Sand dune thickness 61m
GB/T2C483--20C6
50%~69%
40%~·59%
50--99
Sand soil
30%~49 %
, wind erosion, soil or sand thickness 10
31 is moderate, 62~
is extremely severe, and
84 is severe. Set up a marking pole to record the depth of the wind clock and the thickness of the covered sand. Use the wind method to evaluate the wind movement and select areas that have not been damaged by construction as sample plots. Table morphology: At the same time, record the thickness of the soil sand, and take the average value of each sample plot at a measuring point as the value of the measuring point. 6.1.2.2 Soil mechanical composition analysis
According to the selected method, bag the soil and place labels inside and outside.
6.2 Monitoring of salinization
6. 2.1 Monitoring Items
6.2.2 Monitoring Methods
The salt-alkali tower should take 3 to 20 soil samples every year
, take soil samples from the upper layer of 9 to 2℃cm, mix them at multiple points, and a total of about 1kg, which should be packed well, with the location and date of the sample, and sent to the relevant departments for measurement with a straw, and the international soil texture analysis system should be implemented. The soil sample should be taken during the peak period of soil salt return.
In the first sampling or each tail year, each measuring point should be layered to 100cm (0cm~~5cm5 en-~10 cn,1c east of Wushao Helan Mountain) crn--
c double west is 10cm~30cm, go to the natural soil layer (demarcate) or measure groundwater, in other years only 0cm5crl.5cm~10em10c20cm west is 10cm--30cm) upper layer. Mix multiple points in each plot and take a total of ±1kg. For each spot, take samples separately, select medium-sized samples, and connect the salt crust layer at the center of the pad. Take samples from other layers in layers up to 20cm. The soil samples of saline-alkali soil should be properly packed in plastic bags, with a label inside and outside, indicating the sampling site Point, date, depth. Send to nearby relevant departments for analysis. Samples should be sent for analysis in time, and should be kept warm indoors. Do not dry them in the sun. See Table 5 for chemical analysis items. "" in Table 5 indicates analysis items. Table 5 Chemical analysis items for soil salinization and alkalization
Saline soil and salinized soil
Alkaline soil and alkalized soil
Soluble salt composition (CISOF, CO-.
ICO, Nat, KCa'+, Mg?+)
The distribution characteristics of the complex area can be determined by the support method or digital image analysis method. 6.2.3 Indexes for classification of salinized soils
See table 6
Degree of urbanization
GB/T 20483—2006
Wushaoling-east of Helan Mountain
West of Wushaoling-Helan Mountain
Main component salt pad
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Sulfate as raw material
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Thioaldehyde as raw material
6.2.4 Indexes for classification of alkaline soils
See table 6.
Chemical properties
Alkalinity/%
Monitoring of hydraulic slow erosion
6.3.1 Monitoring items
Mild alkalinization
8. 5~.9. 3
Vegetation coverage, slope and gully ratio. 6.3.2 Monitoring methods
Table 6 Classification index of salinized soil
Light salinization
0. 3-~0. ±
C. 35 ~~ 0. 5
Medium salinization
0. 31 -- 0. 3
0. -1-0. 6
5. 51-~0. 7
0.51-~0. 65
3. 91-~1. d
1. 01-~1. 5
Classification index of alkaline soil
Moderate alkalinization
9. 1 -0. 5
Heavy salinization
0. 51---0. 7
3. 61-- 1. 5
3. 71 --1. 2
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strong alkalization
30. 1~-45
9. 6--10. C
-iiKAoNiKAca-
Unit is light
Slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by measurement or digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage rate/%
Erosion gully proportion/%
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three items ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61--84 is severe, 85 It is extremely severe. 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in showing the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is difficult to find and can be replaced by land that has been left fallow for at least 3 years. When monitoring vegetation coverage on the ground, the measurement method should be used for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation that is lower or fused into patches, the digital image analysis method should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When it must be used and estimated, it should be noted after the data (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Measure the length of the sample plot by pulling the rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides of it, and get the sample plot area. Measure the projection area of the plant canopy, and calculate 81 Monitoring content
Wind chaining is scored according to the various items in Table 4, and then the severity is determined according to the indicators listed in the table notes. Monitoring items include soil mechanical composition, vegetation coverage, sand cover thickness, sand cover area, etc. 6
Subhumid dry grass area
Grass, semi-arid area
Sand cover thickness/em
Or gravel content
Surface morphology
Note: The total score of the four items
6. 1. 2 Monitoring method
Sand land or sand dunes
Non-desertification, 1
6. 1.2. 1 Investigation of erosion and deposition
Table 4 Degree of erosion and desertification
10%--29%
10%~24%
1614/5
Minimum thickness 2.1m
Light
30%~19%
25%~39%
Soil
Sand dune thickness 61m
GB/T2C483--20C6
50%~69%
40%~·59%
50--99
Sand soil
30%~49 %
, wind erosion, soil or sand thickness 10
31 is moderate, 62~
is extremely severe, and
84 is severe. Set up a marking pole to record the depth of the wind clock and the thickness of the covered sand. Use the wind method to evaluate the wind movement and select areas that have not been damaged by construction as sample plots. Table morphology: At the same time, record the thickness of the soil sand, and take the average value of each sample plot at a measuring point as the value of the measuring point. 6.1.2.2 Soil mechanical composition analysis
According to the selected method, bag the soil and place labels inside and outside.
6.2 Monitoring of salinization
6. 2.1 Monitoring Items
6.2.2 Monitoring Methods
The salt-alkali tower should take 3 to 20 soil samples every year
, take soil samples from the upper layer of 9 to 2℃cm, mix them at multiple points, and a total of about 1kg, which should be packed well, with the location and date of the sample, and sent to the relevant departments for measurement with a straw, and the international soil texture analysis system should be implemented. The soil sample should be taken during the peak period of soil salt return.
In the first sampling or each tail year, each measuring point should be layered to 100cm (0cm~~5cm5 en-~10 cn,1c east of Wushao Helan Mountain) crn--
c double west is 10cm~30cm, go to the natural soil layer (demarcate) or measure groundwater, in other years only 0cm5crl.5cm~10em10c20cm west is 10cm--30cm) upper layer. Mix multiple points in each plot and take a total of ±1kg. For each spot, take samples separately, select medium-sized samples, and connect the salt crust layer at the center of the pad. Take samples from other layers in layers up to 20cm. The soil samples of saline-alkali soil should be properly packed in plastic bags, with a label inside and outside, indicating the sampling site Point, date, depth. Send to nearby relevant departments for analysis. Samples should be sent for analysis in time, and should be kept warm indoors. Do not dry them in the sun. See Table 5 for chemical analysis items. "" in Table 5 indicates analysis items. Table 5 Chemical analysis items for soil salinization and alkalization
Saline soil and salinized soil
Alkaline soil and alkalized soil
Soluble salt composition (CISOF, CO-.
ICO, Nat, KCa'+, Mg?+)
The distribution characteristics of the complex area can be determined by the support method or digital image analysis method. 6.2.3 Indexes for classification of salinized soils
See table 6
Degree of urbanization
GB/T 20483—2006
Wushaoling-east of Helan Mountain
West of Wushaoling-Helan Mountain
Main component salt pad
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Sulfate as raw material
Main component soda
Chloride as raw material
Thioaldehyde as raw material
6.2.4 Indexes for classification of alkaline soils
See table 6.
Chemical properties
Alkalinity/%
Monitoring of hydraulic slow erosion
6.3.1 Monitoring items
Mild alkalinization
8. 5~.9. 3
Vegetation coverage, slope and gully ratio. 6.3.2 Monitoring methods
Table 6 Classification index of salinized soil
Light salinization
0. 3-~0. ±
C. 35 ~~ 0. 5
Medium salinization
0. 31 -- 0. 3
0. -1-0. 6
5. 51-~0. 7
0.51-~0. 65
3. 91-~1. d
1. 01-~1. 5
Classification index of alkaline soil
Moderate alkalinization
9. 1 -0. 5
Heavy salinization
0. 51---0. 7
3. 61-- 1. 5
3. 71 --1. 2
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strong alkalization
30. 1~-45
9. 6--10. C
-iiKAoNiKAca-
Unit is light
Slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by measurement or digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage rate/%
Erosion gully proportion/%
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three items ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61--84 is severe, 85 It is extremely severe. 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in showing the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is difficult to find and can be replaced by land that has been left fallow for at least 3 years. When monitoring vegetation coverage on the ground, the measurement method should be used for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation that is lower or fused into patches, the digital image analysis method should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When it must be used and estimated, it should be noted after the data (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Measure the length of the sample plot by pulling the rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides of it, and get the sample plot area. Measure the projection area of the plant canopy, and calculate 82 Analysis of soil mechanical composition
Bag according to the selected method, and label the inside and outside
standard.
6.2 Monitoring of salinization
6. 2. 1 Testing items
6. 2.2 Monitoring methods
The salt-alkali tower should take 3 to 20 soil samples every year
, take the soil samples of the upper layer of 9 to 2 ℃ cm, mix them at multiple points, and a total of about 1 kg, which should be packed well, with the location and date of the administration marked, and sent to the relevant departments for measurement with a straw, and the international system of soil texture analysis should be carried out during the peak period of soil salinity.
In the first sampling or every year with a last digit, each measuring point is layered to 100cm (0cm~~5cm5 en-~10 cn,1c crn--
c east of Helan Mountain 10cm~30cm, close to natural soil layer) or groundwater, in other years only 0cm5cr1.5cm~10em10c20cm west of 10cm--30cm) upper layer. For each plot, multiple points are mixed and a total of ±1kg is taken. For each station, a sample of medium size is selected. At the center of the pad, the salt crust is loosened and other layers are used. The sample is layered to 20cm. The soil samples of saline-alkali soil should be properly packed in plastic bags, with a label inside and outside, indicating the sampling location, date, and depth. Send to the relevant departments nearby for processing. Samples should be sent for analysis in a timely manner, and should be kept warm indoors. Do not dry them in the sun. For chemical analysis items, see Table 5. "" in Table 5 indicates the analysis of Table 5 Chemical analysis items for soil salinization and alkalization Items
Saline soil and salinized soil
Alkaline soil and alkalized soil
Soluble salt composition (CISOF, CO-.
ICO, Nat, KCa'+, Mg?+)
The distribution characteristics of the complex area can be determined by the quantitative method or digital image analysis method. 6.2.3 Classification index of salinized soil
See 6
Urbanization degree
GB/T 20483—2006
Wushaoling-East of Helan Mountain
Wushaoling-West of Helan Mountain
Main component salt pad
Main component Soda
Chloride
Sulfate
Main component Soda
Chloride
Thiolate
6.2.4 Alkaline soil classification index
See the table.
Chemical properties
Alkalinity/%
Monitoring of hydraulic slow erosion
6.3.1 Monitoring items
Mild alkalinization
8. 5~.9. 3
Vegetation coverage, slope and gully ratio. 6.3.2 Monitoring methods
Table 6 Classification index of salinized soil
Light salinization
0. 3-~0. ±
C. 35 ~~ 0. 5
Medium salinization
0. 31 -- 0. 3
0. -1-0. 6
5. 51-~0. 7
0.51-~0. 65
3. 91-~1. d
1. 01-~1. 5
Classification index of alkaline soil
Moderate alkalinization
9. 1 -0. 5
Heavy salinization
0. 51---0. 7
3. 61-- 1. 5
3. 71 --1. 2
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strength alkalization
30. 1~-45
9 . 6--10. C
-iiKAoNiKAca-
Unit is light
Slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by measurement or digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage rate/%
Erosion gully proportion/%
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three items ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61--84 is severe, 85 It is extremely severe. 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in showing the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is difficult to find and can be replaced by land that has been left fallow for at least 3 years. When monitoring vegetation coverage on the ground, the measurement method should be used for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation that is lower or fused into patches, the digital image analysis method should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When it must be used and estimated, it should be noted after the data (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Measure the length of the sample plot by pulling the rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides of it, and get the sample plot area. Measure the projected area of the plant canopy, and calculate 82 Analysis of soil mechanical composition
Bag according to the selected method, and label the inside and outside
standard.
6.2 Monitoring of salinization
6. 2. 1 Testing items
6. 2.2 Monitoring methods
The salt-alkali tower should take 3 to 20 soil samples every year
, take the soil samples of the upper layer of 9 to 2 ℃ cm, mix them at multiple points, and a total of about 1 kg, which should be packed well, with the location and date of the administration marked, and sent to the relevant departments for measurement with a straw, and the international system of soil texture analysis should be carried out during the peak period of soil salinity.
In the first sampling or every year with a last digit, each measuring point is layered to 100cm (0cm~~5cm5 en-~10 cn,1c crn--
c east of Helan Mountain 10cm~30cm, close to natural soil layer) or groundwater, in other years only 0cm5cr1.5cm~10em10c20cm west of 10cm--30cm) upper layer. For each plot, multiple points are mixed and a total of ±1kg is taken. For each station, a sample of medium size is selected. At the center of the pad, the salt crust is loosened and other layers are used. The sample is layered to 20cm. The soil samples of saline-alkali soil should be properly packed in plastic bags, with a label inside and outside, indicating the sampling location, date, and depth. Send to the relevant departments nearby for processing. Samples should be sent for analysis in a timely manner, and should be kept warm indoors. Do not dry them in the sun. For chemical analysis items, see Table 5. "" in Table 5 indicates the analysis of Table 5 Chemical analysis items for soil salinization and alkalization Items
Saline soil and salinized soil
Alkaline soil and alkalized soil
Soluble salt composition (CISOF, CO-.
ICO, Nat, KCa'+, Mg?+)
The distribution characteristics of the complex area can be determined by the quantitative method or digital image analysis method. 6.2.3 Classification index of salinized soil
See 6
Urbanization degree
GB/T 20483—2006
Wushaoling-East of Helan Mountain
Wushaoling-West of Helan Mountain
Main component salt pad
Main component Soda
Chloride
Sulfate
Main component Soda
Chloride
Thiolate
6.2.4 Alkaline soil classification index
See the table.
Chemical properties
Alkalinity/%
Monitoring of hydraulic slow erosion
6.3.1 Monitoring items
Mild alkalinization
8. 5~.9. 3
Vegetation coverage, slope and gully ratio. 6.3.2 Monitoring methods
Table 6 Classification index of salinized soil
Light salinization
0. 3-~0. ±
C. 35 ~~ 0. 5
Medium salinization
0. 31 -- 0. 3
0. -1-0. 6
5. 51-~0. 7
0.51-~0. 65
3. 91-~1. d
1. 01-~1. 5
Classification index of alkaline soil
Moderate alkalinization
9. 1 -0. 5
Heavy salinization
0. 51---0. 7
3. 61-- 1. 5
3. 71 --1. 2
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strength alkalization
30. 1~-45
9 . 6--10. C
-iiKAoNiKAca-
Unit is light
Slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by measurement or digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage rate/%
Erosion gully proportion/%
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three items ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61--84 is severe, 85 It is extremely severe. 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivitybZxz.net
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in showing the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is difficult to find and can be replaced by land that has been left fallow for at least 3 years. When monitoring vegetation coverage on the ground, the measurement method should be used for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation that is lower or fused into patches, the digital image analysis method should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When it must be used and estimated, it should be noted after the data (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Measure the length of the sample plot by pulling the rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides of it, and get the sample plot area. Measure the projection area of the plant canopy, and calculate 82
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strength alkalization
30 . 1~-45
9. 6--10. The unit of C is light. The slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by It can be obtained by digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage/%
Erosion gully ratio/slurry
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three-item calculation ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61~-84 is severe, 85 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in reflecting the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is hard to find, so it is replaced by land that has been abandoned for at least three years. Monitor the vegetation coverage rate on the ground, and use measurement methods for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation, digital image analysis should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When estimating, the data should be marked with (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Pull out the length of the sample plot with a measuring rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides, and calculate the area of the sample plot. Measure the projected area of the plant canopy, count 82
0. 65 -~0. 8:
1.31-~1.6
1,a1~2. 3
Strength alkalization
30 . 1~-45
9. 6--10. The unit of C is light. The slope can be measured from the topographic map surveyed in the past year, or measured by the theodolite and differential (PS). The proportion of erosion gullies can be obtained by It can be obtained by digital image analysis, satellite and aerial image analysis. 6.3.3 Water erosion degree classification index
See Table 8.
Table 8 Water erosion degree evaluation score table
Vegetation coverage/%
Erosion gully ratio/slurry
60---50
19~-30
:1 ~-15
16 ~- 20
Note: Three-item calculation ≤?1 is desertification, 25--1 is mild, 41--%0 is moderate, 61~-84 is severe, 85 6.4 Monitoring of vegetation biological productivity
6.4.1 Monitoring of vegetation coverage
6.4.1.1 General provisions
Natural vegetation is an important factor in reflecting the desertification process. In some areas, natural vegetation is hard to find, so it is replaced by land that has been abandoned for at least three years. Monitor the vegetation coverage rate on the ground, and use measurement methods for vegetation with higher individual numbers. For vegetation, digital image analysis should be used. When various types of vegetation are mixed, they should be measured and counted separately according to the three layers of trees, shrubs and grasses. The total vegetation coverage is equal to 100 minus the bare land coverage. When estimating, the data should be marked with (monthly measurement). 6.4.1.2 Measurement method
Pull out the length of the sample plot with a measuring rope, measure the width of the sample plot on both sides, and obtain the sample plot area. Measure the projected area of the plant canopy, count 8
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