GB 7228-1987 Method for measuring the rectification efficiency of electrolytic rectifier equipment and the power utilization rate of its power supply objects
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Rectification efficiency of electrolytic rectifier equipment and
Measuring and calculating method on efficiency of rectifiers and their consumers energy-converslonefficiency in electro-chemical industry UDC621. 3.01T.8
GB7228-87
This standard applies to the efficiency of high-power rectification equipment for the production of non-ferrous metals and chemical products by electrolysis and the use of electric energy in power supply objects (electrolyzers, furnaces) It is also suitable for measuring the efficiency of rectifier equipment used in DC electric furnaces and electroplating tanks. 1 Nouns and terminology
1.1 The efficiency of rectifier equipment refers to the power efficiency 1.1.1 The efficiency specified in the standard of rectifier equipment
The efficiency of the rectifier equipment measured under the load specified by the standard (such as rated load) is called the standard Specify efficiency. Standard stipulated efficiency:
where:
ns
One standard stipulated efficiency;
ns=
Pa
Pa+AP.
×100(%)
P. ——DC rated output total power (measured with a wattmeter), kW, EAP
(1)
The sum of various losses under the rated load (measured with a wattmeter or when conditions do not allow In this case, it can also be determined by calculation method), kW.
For rectifier equipment with DC output power greater than 300kW and rated DC current exceeding 5000A, when measuring the product's factory efficiency and the factory's regular calibration of equipment efficiency, each loss and total rated DC output power should be measured item by item, according to ( 1) Calculate the rectification efficiency with the formula. 1.1.2 Rectification equipment operating efficiency
The efficiency measured during operation or operation stage of the rectification equipment is called the operating efficiency of the rectification equipment. Operating efficiency:
where: nrun-
Po-
Pi
operating efficiency;
nrun
P.
), kW. .(2)
It is difficult to measure the efficiency of rectifier equipment according to formula (1) during operation or operation stage, and the impact of the accuracy of the measuring instrument on the measurement results is within the allowable error range. Direct measurement of the total DC output can be used. Power and AC input active power are used to calculate the operating efficiency of the rectifier equipment according to formula (2).
1.1.3 Variation factor
For rectifier equipment with a pulse number less than 6, when the AC component of the DC output side voltage and current does not provide active power to the load, it must be added in addition to the power efficiency. Output the flow factor. After the load conditions are determined, the conversion factor should be determined by the ratio of the product of the output DC voltage and DC current to the input AC fundamental wave power.
Rheological factor:
Approved by the National Bureau of Standards on 1987-02-03
Vinv=
Ua.la×100(%)
Pe( 1)
(3)
Implemented on 1987-11-01
where: vint
Ua-
Ia
Pe) -
Conversion factor:
GB7228—87
Average value of DC output voltage, V;
Average value of DC output current, A;
Fundamental active power of AC input side, W.
1.2. The total efficiency of the rectifier station (station)
When the rectifier station (station) is operated in parallel by two or more rectifier devices, the total efficiency of the rectifier station (station) needs to be measured. The total efficiency is divided into total instantaneous efficiency and total average efficiency. 1.2.1 The total instantaneous efficiency of the rectifier station (station): ngst
where: ngat
a total instantaneous efficiency;
Po
Pi+EAP.u|| tt||Pgo
The total instantaneous output power of the rectifier station (station), kW, Pgi
EAPau
The total instantaneous input power of the rectifier station (station), kW, x100 (%)
The sum of instantaneous power losses of other auxiliary devices participating in the operation of the rectifier equipment, kW. ZAPaux should include:
The power consumption of each rectification equipment cooling device (fan, water pump, etc.); a.Www.bzxZ.net
b. The power consumed by the triggering device.
EAPaux does not include:
a.
power,
b.
c.
(4)
System control of equipment (such as ventilation, cooling or air-conditioning facilities for the whole station) to maintain the internal environmental conditions of the rectifier station (station) building, power consumption of relay protection equipment, auxiliary facilities that work intermittently but temporarily (such as The power consumed by the voltage regulating mechanism driving motor, etc.). 1.2.2
The overall average efficiency of the rectifier station (station):
W.
Navg=W,+EW.ux
Where: navg
Wo
W.
aWaux
Total average efficiency;
The total output average electric energy of the rectifier station (station), kJ, - The total average electric energy input of the rectifier station (station), kJ; The sum of the average electrical energy consumed, kJ. The included items and unincluded items of ZW.ux correspond to the items of ZAPaux in equation (4). (5) The accumulation period T of the three items of electric energy in the formula: a. For the hourly average efficiency: T=1h,
b. For average shift efficiency: T=8h (three shifts), T=6h (four shifts),
c. For daily average efficiency: T=24h.
1.3 Electric energy utilization rate of electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply objects (5)
The rate is the ratio of the theoretical DC power required to produce unit weight products by electrolysis to the actual AC power consumed. Electric energy utilization:
Where: W=i
W~r
nee:
W=i
W~r||tt| | ). 1.3.1 Electrical Energy Efficiency
(6)
The electrical energy efficiency of electrolytic cells, cell groups, and cell series is the theoretical DC power required by electrolytic cells, cell groups, and cell series to produce products per unit weight. The ratio of DC power consumption.
Power efficiency:
Where: w=r-
ne=
GB7228—87
W=i
W= r
1.3.2 Current efficiency
(7)
The current efficiency of electrolytic cells, cell groups, and cell series is the theoretical charge required to produce unit weight products by electrolysis and the actual charge consumption. Compare.
Current efficiency:
ne:
%×100 (%)...
Q.
Where: Q: - electrolytic production The theoretical charge required per unit weight of the product (also known as the electrochemical equivalent of the element). Atomic valence of the element
Electrochemical equivalent of the element: Q: =
Atomic weight of the element
Actual charge consumption. 1.3.3 Voltage efficiency:
(8)
The voltage efficiency of the electrolytic cell is the ratio of the theoretical decomposition voltage during the electrolyte (metal salt) electrolysis process to the actual operating voltage of the electrolytic cell.
Voltage efficiency:
u
U
x100 (%)
Where: U: - Theoretical decomposition of electrolytes (metal salts) Voltage, U.
·(9)
The actual operating voltage of the electrolytic cell (including the sum of the decomposition voltage, the resistance voltage drop of the electrolyte, the conductive lining and the connecting conductor, and the overvoltage).
1.3.4 Process AC unit consumption
The process AC unit consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series is the AC power consumed directly in the electrolysis process when producing unit weight products by electrolysis (measured with an AC active watt-hour meter ). 1.3.5 DC unit consumption
The DC unit consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series is the DC power consumed per unit weight of products produced by electrolysis (measured with a DC watt-hour meter).
1.3.6 The conversion relationship between power utilization, rectification efficiency, voltage efficiency and current efficiency: Power utilization = rectification efficiency × voltage efficiency × current efficiency, that is: nee=nRif XniXnu
In the formula: nRt-
2 calculation method
rectification efficiency. You can choose from nrun, nt, n:v according to the conditions for determining ni and nu. 2.1 Measurement of power loss of rectifier equipment
The measurement of power loss can be carried out at normal ambient temperature. The measurement of forward loss should be carried out after the temperature of each part of the rectifier equipment reaches the equilibrium temperature corresponding to the rated value. (10)
A rectifier transformer should be used during the test. What is measured is the power loss of the entire set of equipment or the entire station (station). The loss of the rectifier transformer should be corrected to the value at 75°C.
2.1.1 Basic assumptions about power loss measurement a: The losses caused by reverse voltage and reverse current of thyristors and diodes during operation are negligible. Only avalanche diodes have larger reverse losses and should be considered.
b． The forward voltage drop of thyristors and diodes can be expressed as the sum of a constant component and a resistive component proportional to the current. c. In a multi-phase connection, the loss caused by the forward current is equal to the loss caused by the same DC average and the current waveform is rectangular.
GB7228-87
d． When saturated or unsaturated reactors (if present) are assembled in the rectifier equipment and valve side phase currents or rectifier circuit unit currents flow, the losses of these reactors shall be included in the measured losses. The bias current of the saturable reactor should be adjusted to the value corresponding to the normal operating conditions of the equipment, so that the rectifier outputs the rated DC voltage under the rated grid side voltage and rated DC current. e. The total power loss of the rectifier is the sum of no-load power loss and short-circuit power loss. 2.1.2 Measurement of light load power loss
The measurement of light load power loss can be combined with the light load test. The AC side is connected to an AC power supply with a rated voltage, and the DC side is connected to a resistive load. The test should be conducted under the DC voltage with the efficiency to be measured (the thyristor rectifier is adjusted by the phase-shifting method), and the current flowing through the rectifier should not be lower than the transition current at which the light-load voltage of the rectifier begins to rise.
Determine the AC input power of the rectifier, including the power consumed by specified auxiliary devices and trigger devices (limited to thyristor rectifiers) and other various power losses that do not depend on the rectifier load. Measure the output power with a power meter. For rectifiers with six pulses and above, a DC ammeter and a DC voltmeter are allowed to be used to measure the output power. However, it must be explained to avoid confusion with DC power. The light load power loss is equal to the measured rectifier input power minus the DC output power. The no-load loss is equal to the measured light-load loss minus the power loss caused by the light-load current in the rectifier circuit. The latter is calculated from the measured DC current and threshold voltage and the measured circuit resistance (ignoring eddy current losses). 2.1.3 Determination of short-circuit power loss
2.1.3.1 Determination of short-circuit power loss of rectifier equipment with a diode rectifier valve. During the short-circuit test, short-circuit the DC terminals of the rectifier equipment so that the AC terminals are connected to the AC power supply through sufficient reactance. , to ensure that the waveform of the input current is basically sinusoidal, and its voltage value should be sufficient to provide the required current at the rated frequency. Input power measurement must use a power meter suitable for low voltage measurements. The power meter should be connected to the AC side of the rectifier equipment, and attention should be paid to the impact of stray magnetic fields on measurement accuracy. During the test, measurements should be made immediately under two different values ??of DC current KIdN and Ian. Here, Ian is the rated DC current; K = the waveform coefficient of the arm current under actual working conditions (regardless of the overlap angle). The waveform coefficient of the arm current during the test
First, under the DC current KIan, make each converter When the temperature of the site reaches stability, measure the power loss P2 at that time, then reduce the current to IaN, and measure the power loss P1 as soon as possible. Under normal operating conditions, the power loss P corresponding to the rated DC current can be calculated by the following formula: P=K+IP -KP,
K
.........|| tt||...*...(11)
The power loss in the DC side short-circuit connecting wire and shunt (if present) should be as small as possible. Otherwise, it should be measured separately and measured from P1, Deducted from P2. The measurement of short-circuit loss power varies with the electrical connection type of the rectifier, as shown in Table 1. The test method is as follows:
a. Method I: Connect according to Figure 1 during the test.
Sequence
No.
my
(a)
Electrical connection type
Polyphase double shot
Polyphase Double shot
Multi-phase single shot
Multi-phase single shot
Multi-phase single shot
Multi-phase single shot
AE
W
GB7228—87
m
(b)
A
Figure 1 Short-circuit loss power test method of different electrically coupled rectifiers (a) does not include Rectifier transformer loss
(b) includes rectifier transformer loss, rectifier transformer Y/4 connection (c) includes rectifier transformer loss, rectifier transformer 4/△ connection Table 1 Short-circuit loss power test method for different electrically connected rectifiers | | tt | When the devices are measured together, the power loss to be measured does not include the power loss of the transformer. When the power loss of the rectifier transformer and the device are measured together. When a single-shot device can be combined with another single-shot device to form a double-shot device (c)||tt ||Test method
Available method I or method II
Available method II
Available method III
Available method IV or method V
Available method II
Available method IV
Make two measurements at 1.1Ia and IaN currents according to the method listed in 2.1.3.1. When operating at rated DC current, the power loss of the equipment is: P=1.91P2- 1.1Pl.
The above formula assumes that the waveform coefficient of the test current is 1.11, that is, the current waveform is a sine wave. If the waveform of the current is very different from the sine wave, the calculation should be carried out according to the provisions of 2.1.3.1.
When the test equipment cannot adjust the test current exactly to the above specifications, the input power can be measured at a slightly higher or slightly lower current than the above specified current, and then the input power corresponding to the specified current can be calculated by interpolation method. b. Method II: When the rectifier transformer and the equipment are supplied by the same manufacturer, they can be measured together if convenient. At this time, just connect the power meter to the grid side of the transformer and measure it using a similar method. The short-circuit loss should be converted to the value at 75°C. Method IV: Use a calibrated test transformer to replace the transformer in method II. , the power loss of the rectifier device is equal to the measured power loss minus the power loss of the test transformer. When it is necessary to separately measure the power loss of the device and the transformer of the rectifier equipment, the power loss of the actually used rectifier transformer can also be measured in advance and then used as a test transformer. d. Method IV: Method IV is basically the same as method I. During the test, the current transformer is connected to a commutation group in the single-shot connection. GB7228-87
In addition, the secondary of the current transformer must be connected with a resistor and in series with the blocking diode and AC and DC ammeters, such as the circuit in method V.
Measure the power loss of each commutation group in turn, and take the sum to get the total power loss. e.
Method V: Connect according to Figure 2 during test.
CT
(b)
Figure 2 Loss measurement of multi-phase single-shot coupled rectifier device (a) The loss to be measured does not include transformer loss; (b) The loss to be measured includes transformer loss
In the picture: R
The tested rectifier stack or device with n arms;
GB7228-87
Equivalent low voltage test transformer. A current transformer. The current ratio between primary and secondary is a. When a sinusoidal voltage of 10 Ur is applied to the secondary (the voltage should be lower than the voltage value that causes the transformer excitation current to begin to increase), the magnetizing current im when the primary side is open cannot exceed 0.02Ip/a. In addition, I is the average primary current during loss measurement: D | The reverse current should be so small that it can be ignored (U is the forward voltage drop of D, which is about 0.5~1V). The resistance of the resistor is roughly equal to 10U^/imr
W-||tt| |Ai
A2
A
Low voltage wattmeter (current coil resistance is less than r/1000): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value), DC ammeter (indicates average value);|| tt||DC ammeter (indicates the average value), --- represents the root mean square current indicated by ammeter A, 12 - represents the average current indicated by ammeter A2; I, - represents the DC current of the stack or device indicated by ammeter A; P—— Indicates the power indicated by the power meter W. The relationship between the readings of ammeters A2 and A should be calibrated to verify the arm current measurement results. When the rated current of R is small and can be directly measured by A1, A2, and W, then t, D, and r can be omitted. Make two measurements under the average arm current I2=IdN/n and I2=KIaN/n, where: n—indicates the number of rectifier arms of the stack or device;
is a coefficient, for multiple conduction angles of 120° For a phase circuit, K=√3/f. For a polyphase circuit with a conduction angle of 60°, K
K=V6/5, where f=In/I2.
Using Pi and P2 to represent the reading of the power meter W when the average arm current 2=Ian/n and I2=KIaN/n, then the power loss under the rated DC current Id of the rectifier stack or device is: P= n·a(K±P2 -P)
K
If the manufacturer guarantees that each arm in the rectifier stack or device is basically consistent, the test is allowed to be conducted on only two arms and the average value is taken. That’s it. At this time, one of the two arms should be close to the outside of the device, and the two arms should not be 180° electrical angle apart, nor should they be located on the same side of the balancing reactor. f. Method V: If a rectifier device can form a double-beat connection with another equivalent device, the measurement of power loss can be carried out according to method I, II or III.
When two rectifier devices are connected to form a double-beat connection, the power loss in the connection bus must be considered. 2.1.3.2 The determination of the short-circuit loss power of the thyristor rectifier can be carried out according to 2.1.3.1 The short-circuit loss power of the diode rectifier when the user and the manufacturer have reached an agreement, or when the operating conditions of the thyristor converter are not significantly different from those of the diode rectifier in terms of short-circuit loss. Determination method is carried out. During the test, the converter should be operated in a short-circuit state under rectification.
The shorting circuit should include an inductor of sufficient value so that the ripple current superimposed on the DC current is approximately equal to the ripple current expected under the load conditions under which the efficiency is to be measured. In order to ensure sufficient voltage to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state. Sometimes it is necessary to keep a low value resistor. The test shall be carried out at a DC current corresponding to the efficiency to be measured. If the short-circuit losses of a thyristor rectifier are to be determined under specified operating conditions, the AC voltage and phase control should be appropriately combined during the test to ensure that the overlap angle occurring during the test is approximately equal to the overlap angle expected under the load conditions for which the efficiency is to be measured. During the test, the auxiliary device and the triggering device must be powered by an independent power supply at the rated voltage. The power consumed by these devices shall not be included in the short-circuit loss power.
The short-circuit loss power of the rectifier is obtained by subtracting the power supplied by the AC power supply during the short-circuit test from the core loss power of the rectifier transformer (if any) and the loss corresponding to the average value of the DC voltage. 2.2 Station (station) efficiency measurement of the rectifier station (station) GB7228-87
The efficiency test wiring of the rectifier station (station) is shown in Figure 3. The AC side should be used to determine the impact of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on measurement accuracy. Active energy meter with negligible impact.
In the picture:
CT
PT
DCCT
At
A2
V.
V
PS
W,
c
W2
Wh
Q
DCCT
Fig. 3 Rectifier station (station) efficiency test wiring schematic AC current transformer;
AC voltage transformer;
DC current transformer (or DC current converter): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value) , DC ammeter (indicates the average value),
AC voltmeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC voltmeter (indicates the average value),
three-phase active power transmitter;
Digital wattmeter;
Electricity calculator:
Digital wattmeter;
Digital DC wattmeter.
2.3 Determination of AC and DC power consumption of electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply object 2.3.1 Determination of AC power consumption in electrolysis process wHw
The process AC power consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series should be in the rectifier The power feed point of the equipment or rectifier station (station) is measured with a three-phase active watt-hour meter, and the AC power consumption of other electrical equipment not directly used in the electrolysis process is deducted from it. 2.3.2 Determination of DC power consumption during electrolysis process GB7228-87
Electrolytic cells and cell groups. The DC power consumption of the tank series process should be measured with a DC watt-hour meter at the DC power feed-out point closest to the rectifier equipment or rectifier station (station).
3 Equipment of power metering instruments for rectifier stations (stations) and electrolytic workshops 3.1 DC current converter of rectifier stations (stations) The rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter for measuring the total DC output current or equivalent measuring device, the on-site measurement accuracy shall not be less than ±0.5%.
Each rectifier unit (rectifier unit or rectifier cabinet) connected in parallel to the DC main bus of the rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter with an on-site measurement accuracy of not less than 0.5. 3.2 The following instruments should be installed on the AC and DC sides of the rectifier station (station): 3.2.1 Instruments should be installed on the AC side:
AC voltmeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5; AC ammeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 Level; AC three-phase active wattmeter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.5; AC power factor meter, the accuracy is not less than level 2.5; AC three-phase active energy meter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.0; AC three-phase reactive energy meter table, the accuracy is not less than 2.5. 3.2.2 Instruments that should be installed on the DC side:
DC voltmeter,
DC ammeter,
DC wattmeter,
0.5~1.0 level, ||tt ||0.2~0.5 level,
0.2~0.5 level,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level||tt| |Level 0.2~0.5.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the computer-controlled electrolytic cell series, a voltage hour meter that measures the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.5~1V), resistor, its resistance is roughly equal to 10U^/imr
W-
Ai
A2
A
Low voltage wattmeter (The current coil resistance is less than r/1000): AC ammeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC ammeter (indicates the average value);
DC ammeter (indicates the average value), --- indicates ammeter A, indicates the root mean square value Current, 12 - represents the average current indicated by ammeter A2; I, - represents the DC current of the stack or device indicated by ammeter A; P - represents the power indicated by power meter W. The relationship between the readings of ammeters A2 and A should be calibrated to verify the arm current measurement results. When the rated current of R is small and can be directly measured by A1, A2, and W, then t, D, and r can be omitted. Make two measurements under the average arm current I2=IdN/n and I2=KIaN/n, where: n—indicates the number of rectifier arms of the stack or device;
is a coefficient, for multiple conduction angles of 120° For a phase circuit, K=√3/f. For a polyphase circuit with a conduction angle of 60°, K
K=V6/5, where f=In/I2.
Using Pi and P2 to represent the reading of the power meter W when the average arm current 2=Ian/n and I2=KIaN/n, then the power loss under the rated DC current Id of the rectifier stack or device is: P= n·a(K±P2 -P)
K
If the manufacturer guarantees that each arm in the rectifier stack or device is basically consistent, the test is allowed to be conducted on only two arms and the average value is taken. That’s it. At this time, one of the two arms should be close to the outside of the device, and the two arms should not be 180° electrical angle apart, nor should they be located on the same side of the balancing reactor. f. Method V: If a rectifier device can form a double-beat connection with another equivalent device, the measurement of power loss can be carried out according to method I, II or III.
When two rectifier devices are connected to form a double-beat connection, the power loss in the connection bus must be considered. 2.1.3.2 The determination of the short-circuit loss power of the thyristor rectifier can be carried out according to 2.1.3.1 The short-circuit loss power of the diode rectifier when the user and the manufacturer have reached an agreement, or when the operating conditions of the thyristor converter are not significantly different from those of the diode rectifier in terms of short-circuit loss. Determination method is carried out. During the test, the converter should be operated in a short-circuit state under rectification.
The shorting circuit should include an inductor of sufficient value so that the ripple current superimposed on the DC current is approximately equal to the ripple current expected under the load conditions under which the efficiency is to be measured. In order to ensure sufficient voltage to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state. Sometimes it is necessary to keep a low value resistor. The test shall be carried out at a DC current corresponding to the efficiency to be measured. If the short-circuit losses of a thyristor rectifier are to be determined under specified operating conditions, the AC voltage and phase control should be appropriately combined during the test to ensure that the overlap angle occurring during the test is approximately equal to the overlap angle expected under the load conditions for which the efficiency is to be measured. During the test, the auxiliary device and the triggering device must be powered by an independent power supply at the rated voltage. The power consumed by these devices shall not be included in the short-circuit loss power.
The short-circuit loss power of the rectifier is obtained by subtracting the power supplied by the AC power supply during the short-circuit test from the core loss power of the rectifier transformer (if any) and the loss corresponding to the average value of the DC voltage. 2.2 Station (station) efficiency measurement of the rectifier station (station) GB7228-87
The efficiency test wiring of the rectifier station (station) is shown in Figure 3. The AC side should be used to determine the impact of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on measurement accuracy. Active energy meter with negligible impact.
In the picture:
CT
PT
DCCT
At
A2
V.
V
PS
W,
c
W2
Wh
Q
DCCT
Fig. 3 Rectifier station (station) efficiency test wiring schematic AC current transformer;
AC voltage transformer;
DC current transformer (or DC current converter): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value) , DC ammeter (indicates the average value),
AC voltmeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC voltmeter (indicates the average value),
three-phase active power transmitter;
Digital wattmeter;
Electricity calculator:
Digital wattmeter;
Digital DC wattmeter.
2.3 Determination of AC and DC power consumption of the electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply object 2.3.1 Determination of AC power consumption in the electrolysis process wHw
The process AC power consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series should be in the rectifier The power feed point of the equipment or rectifier station (station) is measured with a three-phase active watt-hour meter, and the AC power consumption of other electrical equipment not directly used in the electrolysis process is deducted from it. 2.3.2 Determination of DC power consumption during electrolysis process GB7228-87
Electrolytic cells and cell groups. The DC power consumption of the tank series process should be measured with a DC watt-hour meter at the DC power feed-out point closest to the rectifier equipment or rectifier station (station).
3 Equipment of power metering instruments for rectifier stations (stations) and electrolytic workshops 3.1 DC current converter of rectifier stations (stations) The rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter for measuring the total DC output current or equivalent measuring device, the on-site measurement accuracy shall not be less than ±0.5%.
Each rectifier unit (rectifier unit or rectifier cabinet) connected in parallel to the DC main bus of the rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter with an on-site measurement accuracy of not less than 0.5. 3.2 The following instruments should be installed on the AC and DC sides of the rectifier station (station): 3.2.1 Instruments should be installed on the AC side:
AC voltmeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5; AC ammeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 Level; AC three-phase active wattmeter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.5; AC power factor meter, the accuracy is not less than level 2.5; AC three-phase active energy meter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.0; AC three-phase reactive energy meter table, the accuracy is not less than 2.5. 3.2.2 Instruments that should be installed on the DC side:
DC voltmeter,
DC ammeter,
DC wattmeter,
0.5~1.0 level, ||tt ||0.2~0.5 level,
0.2~0.5 level,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level||tt| |Level 0.2~0.5.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the electrolytic cell series controlled by the computer, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.5~1V), resistor, its resistance is roughly equal to 10U^/imr
W-
Ai
A2
A
Low voltage wattmeter (The current coil resistance is less than r/1000): AC ammeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC ammeter (indicates the average value);
DC ammeter (indicates the average value), --- indicates ammeter A, indicates the root mean square value Current, 12 - represents the average current indicated by ammeter A2; I, - represents the DC current of the stack or device indicated by ammeter A; P - represents the power indicated by power meter W. The relationship between the readings of ammeters A2 and A should be calibrated to verify the arm current measurement results. When the rated current of R is small and can be directly measured by A1, A2, and W, then t, D, and r can be omitted. Make two measurements under the average arm current I2=IdN/n and I2=KIaN/n, where: n—indicates the number of rectifier arms of the stack or device;
is a coefficient, for multiple conduction angles of 120° For a phase circuit, K=√3/f. For a polyphase circuit with a conduction angle of 60°, K
K=V6/5, where f=In/I2.
Using Pi and P2 to represent the reading of the power meter W when the average arm current 2=Ian/n and I2=KIaN/n, then the power loss under the rated DC current Id of the rectifier stack or device is: P= n·a(K±P2 -P)
K
If the manufacturer guarantees that each arm in the rectifier stack or device is basically consistent, the test is allowed to be conducted on only two arms and the average value is taken. That’s it. At this time, one of the two arms should be close to the outside of the device, and the two arms should not be 180° electrical angle apart, nor should they be located on the same side of the balancing reactor. f. Method V: If a rectifier device can form a double-beat connection with another equivalent device, the measurement of power loss can be carried out according to method I, II or III.
When two rectifier devices are connected to form a double-beat connection, the power loss in the connection bus must be considered. 2.1.3.2 The determination of the short-circuit loss power of the thyristor rectifier can be carried out according to 2.1.3.1 The short-circuit loss power of the diode rectifier when the user and the manufacturer have reached an agreement, or when the operating conditions of the thyristor converter are not significantly different from those of the diode rectifier in terms of short-circuit loss. Determination method is carried out. During the test, the converter should be operated in a short-circuit state under rectification.
The shorting circuit should include an inductor of sufficient value so that the ripple current superimposed on the DC current is approximately equal to the ripple current expected under the load conditions under which the efficiency is to be measured. In order to ensure sufficient voltage to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state. Sometimes it is necessary to keep a low value resistor. The test shall be carried out at a DC current corresponding to the efficiency to be measured. If the short-circuit losses of a thyristor rectifier are to be determined under specified operating conditions, the AC voltage and phase control should be appropriately combined during the test to ensure that the overlap angle occurring during the test is approximately equal to the overlap angle expected under the load conditions for which the efficiency is to be measured. During the test, the auxiliary device and the triggering device must be powered by an independent power supply at the rated voltage. The power consumed by these devices shall not be included in the short-circuit loss power.
The short-circuit loss power of the rectifier is obtained by subtracting the power supplied by the AC power supply during the short-circuit test from the core loss power of the rectifier transformer (if any) and the loss corresponding to the average value of the DC voltage. 2.2 Station (station) efficiency measurement of the rectifier station (station) GB7228-87
The efficiency test wiring of the rectifier station (station) is shown in Figure 3. The AC side should be used to determine the impact of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on measurement accuracy. Active energy meter with negligible impact.
In the picture:
CT
PT
DCCT
At
A2
V.
V
PS
W,
c
W2
Wh
Q
DCCT
Fig. 3 Rectifier station (station) efficiency test wiring schematic AC current transformer;
AC voltage transformer;
DC current transformer (or DC current converter): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value) , DC ammeter (indicates the average value),
AC voltmeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC voltmeter (indicates the average value),
three-phase active power transmitter;
Digital wattmeter;
Electricity calculator:
Digital wattmeter;
Digital DC wattmeter.
2.3 Determination of AC and DC power consumption of electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply object 2.3.1 Determination of AC power consumption in electrolysis process wHw
The process AC power consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series should be in the rectifier The power feed point of the equipment or rectifier station (station) is measured with a three-phase active watt-hour meter, and the AC power consumption of other electrical equipment not directly used in the electrolysis process is deducted from it. 2.3.2 Determination of DC power consumption during electrolysis process GB7228-87
Electrolytic cells and cell groups. The DC power consumption of the tank series process should be measured with a DC watt-hour meter at the DC power feed-out point closest to the rectifier equipment or rectifier station (station).
3 Equipment of power metering instruments for rectifier stations (stations) and electrolytic workshops 3.1 DC current converter of rectifier stations (stations) The rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter for measuring the total DC output current or equivalent measuring device, the on-site measurement accuracy shall not be less than ±0.5%.
Each rectifier unit (rectifier unit or rectifier cabinet) connected in parallel to the DC main bus of the rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter with an on-site measurement accuracy of not less than 0.5. 3.2 The following instruments should be installed on the AC and DC sides of the rectifier station (station): 3.2.1 Instruments should be installed on the AC side:
AC voltmeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5; AC ammeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 Level; AC three-phase active wattmeter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.5; AC power factor meter, the accuracy is not less than level 2.5; AC three-phase active energy meter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.0; AC three-phase reactive energy meter table, the accuracy is not less than 2.5. 3.2.2 Instruments that should be installed on the DC side:
DC voltmeter,
DC ammeter,
DC wattmeter,
0.5~1.0 level, ||tt ||0.2~0.5 level,
0.2~0.5 level,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level||tt| |Level 0.2~0.5.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the computer-controlled electrolytic cell series, a voltage hour meter that measures the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.1. Measurement method of short circuit power loss of diode rectifier. During the test, the converter should be operated in a short-circuit state under rectification.
The shorting circuit should include an inductor of sufficient value so that the ripple current superimposed on the DC current is approximately equal to the ripple current expected under the load conditions under which the efficiency is to be measured. In order to ensure sufficient voltage to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state. Sometimes it is necessary to keep a low value resistor. The test shall be carried out at a DC current corresponding to the efficiency to be measured. If the short-circuit losses of a thyristor rectifier are to be determined under specified operating conditions, the AC voltage and phase control should be appropriately combined during the test to ensure that the overlap angle occurring during the test is approximately equal to the overlap angle expected under the load conditions for which the efficiency is to be measured. During the test, the auxiliary device and the triggering device must be powered by an independent power supply at the rated voltage. The power consumed by these devices shall not be included in the short-circuit loss power.
The short-circuit loss power of the rectifier is obtained by subtracting the power supplied by the AC power supply during the short-circuit test from the core loss power of the rectifier transformer (if any) and the loss corresponding to the average value of the DC voltage. 2.2 Station (station) efficiency measurement of the rectifier station (station) GB7228-87
The efficiency test wiring of the rectifier station (station) is shown in Figure 3. The AC side should be used to determine the impact of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on measurement accuracy. Active energy meter with negligible impact.
In the picture:
CT
PT
DCCT
At
A2
V.
V
PS
W,
c
W2
Wh
Q
DCCT
Fig. 3 Rectifier station (station) efficiency test wiring schematic AC current transformer;
AC voltage transformer;
DC current transformer (or DC current converter): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value) , DC ammeter (indicates the average value),
AC voltmeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC voltmeter (indicates the average value),
three-phase active power transmitter;
Digital wattmeter;
Electricity calculator:
Digital wattmeter;
Digital DC wattmeter.
2.3 Determination of AC and DC power consumption of electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply object 2.3.1 Determination of AC power consumption in electrolysis process wHw
The process AC power consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series should be in the rectifier The power feed point of the equipment or rectifier station (station) is measured with a three-phase active watt-hour meter, and the AC power consumption of other electrical equipment not directly used in the electrolysis process is deducted from it. 2.3.2 Determination of DC power consumption during electrolysis process GB7228-87
Electrolytic cells and cell groups. The DC power consumption of the tank series process should be measured with a DC watt-hour meter at the DC power feed-out point closest to the rectifier equipment or rectifier station (station).
3 Equipment of power metering instruments for rectifier stations (stations) and electrolytic workshops 3.1 DC current converter of rectifier stations (stations) The rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter for measuring the total DC output current or equivalent measuring device, the on-site measurement accuracy shall not be less than ±0.5%.
Each rectifier unit (rectifier unit or rectifier cabinet) connected in parallel to the DC main bus of the rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter with an on-site measurement accuracy of not less than 0.5. 3.2 The following instruments should be installed on the AC and DC sides of the rectifier station (station): 3.2.1 Instruments should be installed on the AC side:
AC voltmeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5; AC ammeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 Level; AC three-phase active wattmeter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.5; AC power factor meter, the accuracy is not less than level 2.5; AC three-phase active energy meter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.0; AC three-phase reactive energy meter table, the accuracy is not less than 2.5. 3.2.2 Instruments that should be installed on the DC side:
DC voltmeter,
DC ammeter,
DC wattmeter,
0.5~1.0 level, ||tt ||0.2~0.5 level,
0.2~0.5 level,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level||tt| |Level 0.2~0.5.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the computer-controlled electrolytic cell series, a voltage hour meter that measures the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.1. Measurement method of short circuit power loss of diode rectifier. During the test, the converter should be operated in a short-circuit state under rectification.
The shorting circuit should include an inductor of sufficient value so that the ripple current superimposed on the DC current is approximately equal to the ripple current expected under the load conditions under which the efficiency is to be measured. In order to ensure sufficient voltage to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state. Sometimes it is necessary to keep a low value resistor. The test shall be carried out at a DC current corresponding to the efficiency to be measured. If the short-circuit losses of a thyristor rectifier are to be determined under specified operating conditions, the AC voltage and phase control should be appropriately combined during the test to ensure that the overlap angle occurring during the test is approximately equal to the overlap angle expected under the load conditions for which the efficiency is to be measured. During the test, the auxiliary device and the triggering device must be powered by an independent power supply at the rated voltage. The power consumed by these devices shall not be included in the short-circuit loss power.
The short-circuit loss power of the rectifier is obtained by subtracting the power supplied by the AC power supply during the short-circuit test from the core loss power of the rectifier transformer (if any) and the loss corresponding to the average value of the DC voltage. 2.2 Station (station) efficiency measurement of the rectifier station (station) GB7228-87
The efficiency test wiring of the rectifier station (station) is shown in Figure 3. The AC side should be used to determine the impact of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on measurement accuracy. Active energy meter with negligible impact.
In the picture:
CT
PT
DCCT
At
A2
V.
V
PS
W,
c
W2
Wh
Q
DCCT
Fig. 3 Rectifier station (station) efficiency test wiring schematic AC current transformer;
AC voltage transformer;
DC current transformer (or DC current converter): AC ammeter (indicates root mean square value) , DC ammeter (indicates the average value),
AC voltmeter (indicates the root mean square value), DC voltmeter (indicates the average value),
three-phase active power transmitter;
Digital wattmeter;
Electricity calculator:
Digital wattmeter;
Digital DC wattmeter.
2.3 Determination of AC and DC power consumption of electrolytic rectifier equipment power supply object 2.3.1 Determination of AC power consumption in electrolysis process wHw
The process AC power consumption of electrolytic cells, tank groups, and tank series should be in the rectifier The power feed point of the equipment or rectifier station (station) is measured with a three-phase active watt-hour meter, and the AC power consumption of other electrical equipment not directly used in the electrolysis process is deducted from it. 2.3.2 Determination of DC power consumption during electrolysis process GB7228-87
Electrolytic cells and cell groups. The DC power consumption of the tank series process should be measured with a DC watt-hour meter at the DC power feed-out point closest to the rectifier equipment or rectifier station (station).
3 Equipment of power metering instruments for rectifier stations (stations) and electrolytic workshops 3.1 DC current converter of rectifier stations (stations) The rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter for measuring the total DC output current or equivalent measuring device, the on-site measurement accuracy shall not be less than ±0.5%.
Each rectifier unit (rectifier unit or rectifier cabinet) connected in parallel to the DC main bus of the rectifier station (station) should be equipped with a DC current converter with an on-site measurement accuracy of not less than 0.5. 3.2 The following instruments should be installed on the AC and DC sides of the rectifier station (station): 3.2.1 Instruments should be installed on the AC side:
AC voltmeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5; AC ammeter, with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 Level; AC three-phase active wattmeter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.5; AC power factor meter, the accuracy is not less than level 2.5; AC three-phase active energy meter, the accuracy is not less than level 1.0; AC three-phase reactive energy meter table, the accuracy is not less than 2.5. 3.2.2 Instruments that should be installed on the DC side:
DC voltmeter,
DC ammeter,
DC wattmeter,
0.5~1.0 level, ||tt ||0.2~0.5 level,
0.2~0.5 level,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level||tt| |Level 0.2~0.5.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the computer-controlled electrolytic cell series, a voltage hour meter that measures the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.Level 5,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level
0.2~0.5 level.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the electrolytic cell series controlled by the computer, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.Level 5,
DC voltage hour meter,
DC current hour meter,
0.2~0.5 level
0.2~0.5 level.
3.2.3 Instruments that should be installed in the electrolysis workshop:
9. Each electrolysis plant should be equipped with a DC voltage hour meter, a DC current hour meter, a DC watt hour meter (the measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.2 to 0.5) and a voltmeter indicating the DC voltage of the plant and an ammeter indicating the electrolysis series current. b. For electrolysis series without computer control, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of the electrolytic cell group should be installed, and its measurement accuracy should not be less than 0.5.
c For the electrolytic cell series controlled by the computer, a voltage hour meter for measuring the average operating voltage of a single cell or cell group can be installed as needed. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Bureau of Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Standards. This standard is drafted by Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Design and Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Bingyan, Liu Ganbin and Feng Gongwei.
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