Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T6276-92
Beet Harvester
Published on June 10, 1992
Test Method
Implementation on July 1, 1993
Published by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China
Subject Content and Scope of Application,
Cited Standards·
Determination of Technical Parameters of Machines...
Field Investigation and Test Conditions,
Performance Test
Production Test
Test Report
Appendix A
Appendix B
Test Main instruments, equipment and tools required (reference) Reliability test method for sugar beet harvester (reference)...times
(2)
(3)
(7)
(22)
(23)
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Sugar beet harvester
1 Subject content and scope of application
Test method
This standard specifies the performance test and production test of sugar beet harvester JB/T627692
This standard applies to sugar beet leaf harvester, sugar beet root harvester, sugar beet root (leaf strand) picker and sugar combine harvester. The test items specified in this standard may be increased or decreased according to different test purposes and product characteristics. 2 Reference standards
GB5262
GB5667
General provisions for the determination of test conditions for agricultural machinery Agricultural machinery production test methods
GB10496
Sugar beet
3 Terminology
The terms used shall comply with the provisions of GB5262, GB5667 and GB10496. 3.1
Distance from root top to ground
The distance from the root top (base of the tuber core leaf) to the plane of the location before beet harvest. 3.2 Missed cutting
The root head that is not cut after passing through the root head cutting mechanism. 3.3 Undercut
The cross-section position of the root body after the beet root head is cut is higher than the cutting top position, and the cutting top position shall comply with the provisions of GB10496. 3.4 Overcut
After the beetroot head is cut, the cross-section position of the root is lower than the cutting top position, and the cutting top position should comply with the provisions of GB10496. 3.5 Root cleaning damage
The root head is obviously damaged when the root cleaner removes the stems and leaves on the root head. 3.6 Root break
The root is broken at one-third of the root body when the cross-section diameter of the tuber is greater than 1cm. 3.7 Tuber damage
During the excavation, cleaning and transportation of the tuber, there are obvious fractures, perforations or more than one-third of the root body. 3.8 Stem and leaf loss
Stems and leaves that are missed by the cutter and lost during the picking and transportation process (except dead leaves) 3.9 Missed digging loss
Tubers that are not dug out when the excavation mechanism is working. 3.10 Buried loss
Tubers buried in the soil after the picking mechanism is working. 3.11 Root loss
The sum of root loss due to missed digging, buried loss and root loss during the process of picking, cleaning and transportation. 4. Determination of machine technical parameters
Measure the machine structure and parameter characteristics, and record the results in Table 1. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry on June 10, 1992 and implemented on July 1, 1993
4.1. Overall dimensions
JB/T6276-92
Measure the maximum length, width and height of the machine in the transport state and field operation state respectively. During the measurement, the ground where the machine is parked should be horizontal.
4.2 Weight
Measure the weight of the whole machine structure in the transport state and field operation state respectively; when measuring the white-walking harvester, it should be unloaded, the fuel tank should be full of oil and there should be a weight of 75kg on the driver's seat. 4.3 The minimum turning radius and the minimum horizontal passing radius of the unit are measured on the horizontal ground. During the measurement, the unit is driven at a low and stable speed, with the condition that the power does not collide with the agricultural implement. Move its steering control mechanism to the extreme position of the steering, and after driving a full circle, measure the distance from the instantaneous rotation center to the longitudinal center plane of the unit, which is the minimum steering radius of the unit; measure the distance from the rotation center to the outermost end of the unit, which is the minimum horizontal passing radius. The measurement should be carried out under the conditions of turning left and turning right respectively. 5 Field investigation and test conditions
5.1 Selection of test site
The test site should basically meet the adaptability range of the machine, and the selected beet growth and yield, soil quality and plot size should be representative in the local area, and its area can meet the measurement of each test item. 5.2 Field survey
5.2.1 Meteorological conditions
Measure according to the provisions of GB5262, and record the results in Table 2. 5.2.2 Surface conditionswww.bzxz.net
Measure the topography, slope, distance between ridges (rows) and height of ridges according to the provisions of GB5262, and describe the soil type, sowing, tillage and pests and diseases in words, and record the results in Tables 2 and 3.
5.3 Soil conditions
Measure at three representative points in the test area, and record the results in Tables 4 and 5. 5.3.1 Absolute soil moisture content
Samples are taken at each point at soil depths of 0-10, 1020 and 20-30cm. Measure and calculate according to the provisions of GB5262, or according to the instructions for use of special instruments.
5.3.2 Soil firmness
Take soil depths of 0~10, 10~20 and 20~30cm at each point. Use a soil firmness meter to measure according to its instruction manual. 5.4 Beet characteristics
Take 3 representative points in the test area, measure 10 points at each point, and record the results in Table 6 and Table 7. 5.4.1 Stem and leaf status
Measure the natural height and width of the stem and leaves and the weight of each beet stem and leaf according to GB5262 (including the root head cut according to GB10496).
5.4.2 Tuber state
After cutting the root head and tail root according to GB10496, measure the length, maximum diameter and weight of the tuber. 5.5 Locations related to beet growth
Select three representative points in the test area, measure 10 points at each point, and record the results in Table 8.5.5.1 Plant spacing
Measure the distance between two adjacent beet roots in the row, and measure 10 points at each point. 5.5.2 Root row width
Measure the distance from the left or right edge of the root to the center of the row, take the largest of the two values, and calculate the root row width according to formula (1) Where: B-root row width, cm;
JB/T627692
B Distance from the left (or right) edge of the root to the center of the row, cm; n Number of measurement points.
5.5.3 Distance from root top to ground
Measure the distance from root top to ground, and measure 10 points at each point. 5.6 Yield
5.6.1 Stem and leaf yield
After processing the samples in the test area, calculate according to formula (2): Q
Where: Q—-yield, t/ha;
Q Test area yield, kg;
B, test area barrier (row) distance, cm;
L Test area length, m;
Number of machine operation rows.
5.6.2 Root tuber yield
The determination method and calculation method are the same as those in Article 5.6.1. 5.6.3 Root-leaf ratio
10Q:
Calculate the values in Articles 5.6.1 and 5.6.2 and convert them into a proportional formula. 6 Performance test
6.1 General requirements
The purpose of the performance test is to assess whether the test machine meets the design requirements. 6.1.2
The test machine shall be adjusted to the best technical condition for testing according to the provisions of its instruction manual. The test machine shall be operated according to the provisions of the instruction manual. (1)
The test area consists of a stabilization area, a testing area and a parking area. The length of the testing area is 20m. There shall be a stabilization area of no less than 20m in front of the testing area and a parking area of 20m behind the testing area. 6.1.5 The machine operating conditions, beet growth and field conditions in the stabilization area and the testing area shall be consistent. 6.1.6
The test shall consist of at least 5 testing areas with different forward speeds. 6.1.7
Accuracy of measurement data
Sample receiving time: accurate to 0.1s;
Length of measurement area: accurate to 0.1m;
Operation speed: accurate to 0.1m/s;
Weight of stem and leaf samples received and processed: accurate to 0.2kg for combine harvester, accurate to 0.1kg for stem and leaf and section harvester; Weight of root samples received and processed: accurate to 0.5kg for combine harvester, accurate to 0.2kg for root and section harvester; Weight of samples of clay, impurities, stem and leaf harvest and root damage: accurate to 0.1kg; root cutting sample processing is calculated according to the number of plants: accurate to 1 plant; root body breaking and root head cleaning is calculated according to the number of tubers: accurate to 1. 6.1.8 The main instruments, equipment and tools required for the determination are shown in Appendix A (reference). 6.2 Determination of the operating performance of the stem and leaf harvester 3
6.2.1 Root cutting quality
JB/T6276-92
Determine the number of sugar beet plants that are missed, under-cut, over-cut and qualified in the determination area, record the results in Table 9, and calculate the missed cutting rate, under-cutting rate, over-cutting rate and qualified topping rate according to the following formula (3) to (7): Y
×100%
Y= Y. + Y.+ Ya. + Y..
Wherein, Y, Y., Ya, Y
——are the missed cutting rate, under-cutting rate, over-cutting rate and qualified topping rate respectively; Yo, Y., Ya, Y%——are the number of plants that are missed, under-cut, over-cut and qualified topping respectively, plants; Y is the total number of plants to be cut, plants.
6.2.2 Root cleaning quality
· (4)
Remove the damaged beets in the test area. After the machine passes, count the qualified and unqualified root cleaning numbers (including cleaning damage) in the test area and calculate the qualified root cleaning rate according to formula (8): Ye
Where: Y. - qualified root cleaning rate;
Y—— qualified cleaning number, plant;
Y. unqualified cleaning number, plant.
6.2.3 Stem and leaf harvest
×100%
Weigh the stems and leaves collected and lost by the machine in the test area respectively, and calculate the stem and leaf harvest rate according to formula (9): Y.
-stem and leaf harvest rate;
Where: Y
Y.—basal leaf harvest weight, kg;
Y. stem and leaf loss weight, kg.
6.2.4 Stacking quality, use the following words to describe, record in Table 9: Y.
Neat stacking: no manual arrangement required, can be loaded manually or picked up by machine: ×100%
Basically neat stacking: slightly arranged manually, can be loaded manually or picked up by machine: Untidy stacking: messy stacking, manual arrangement is required before loading or picking up by machine. 6.3 Determination of the working performance of the stem and leaf harvesting and collecting machine 6.3.1 The determination of the root head cutting quality, root head cleaning quality and stem and leaf harvesting amount is the same as that of Articles 6.2.1 to 6.2.3. 6.3.2 Collection quality
Measure 4 points in the measurement area, each point is 4m apart, measure the collection width, record in Table 9, and calculate the average value. 6.4 Determination of the working performance of the tuber harvesting and collecting machine Before the measurement, the tubers with root head damage caused by the cutting machine, the diseased tubers and the small tubers are removed in the measurement area and then measured. 4
6.4.1 Excavation depth
JB/T627692
In the measurement area, measure 4 points in each excavation line, with an interval of 4m, and record them in Table 10. Calculate the average value. 6.4.2 Clay content of roots
Weigh the clay roots harvested by the machine and then weigh the soil on the roots. Record the result in Table 10 and calculate the clay rate according to formula (10):
Where: G. Clay rate;
Gn Soil weight, kg;
Gm Clay root weight, kg
6.4.3 Cleanliness of roots
×100%
Weigh the clay roots harvested by the machine and clean the soil on the roots. All samples harvested by the machine in the test area are weighed, and all impurities are removed according to the provisions of GB10496. The impurities are weighed and the impurity content is calculated according to formula (11):
Wherein: G—impurity content;
Gh total weight of impurities, kg;
Gh total weight of collected objects, kg
6.4.4 Integrity of tubers
The number of tubers collected in the test area and the number of tubers with broken roots are counted, and the root breakage rate Ga
is calculated according to formula (12):
Wherein: G—root breakage rate;
G—number of tubers with broken roots, pieces;
Ga—total number of tubers, pieces.
6.4.5 Damage degree of tubers
Clean the impurities on the tubers in the sample, weigh the clean tubers, select the damaged tubers and weigh them, and calculate the tuber damage rate according to formula (13):
Where: G Tuber damage rate:
Weight of damaged tubers, kg;
—Weight of clean tubers, kg
6.4.6 Tuber harvest
Collect the missed, buried, picked up, cleaned, and transported tubers in the measurement area. The tubers lost during transportation and the tubers harvested by machine are cleaned of all impurities according to the provisions of GB10496 and weighed separately. The missed digging rate, burial rate, picking and transportation loss rate and tuber harvest rate are calculated according to formula (14) and formula (18):
×100%
JB/T627692
X100%·
×100%
G=Ga+Gu+Gm+G
Where: GI, G., G. , G, are respectively the missed digging rate, burial rate, picking and transportation loss rate and tuber harvesting rate; GlGmrGa,Gu
are respectively the missed digging loss, burial loss, picking and transportation loss and the weight of harvested tubers, kg; G-total weight of tubers in the measurement area, kg
6.4.7 Tuber stacking mass
The method for determining the tuber stacking mass is the same as that in Article 6.2.4. 6.5. Determination of the operating performance of tuber harvesting and collecting machines (15)
·(17)
The determination of tuber excavation depth, tuber clay content, tuber cleanliness, tuber integrity, tuber damage degree and tuber harvest volume is the same as in Articles 6.4.1 to 6.4.6, and the determination of collecting mass is the same as in Article 6.3.2. The results are recorded in Table 10. 6.6 Determination of the operating performance of sugar beet combine harvesters The determination method and calculation of the operating performance of sugar beet combine harvesters are the same as in Articles 6.2 and 6.4. The results are recorded in Tables 9 and 10. 6.7 Determination of power indicators
It is recommended to carry out the performance test simultaneously at the maximum load, record the results in Table 11, and calculate the total power consumption. 6.7.1 The power consumption of traction machines shall be determined according to formula (19) to formula (21): Traction power
Transmission power
Total power consumption
Where: N—Traction power, kW;
N. Transmission power, kw;
N.—Total power consumption, kW;
P—Traction resistance, N;
V—Machine forward speed, m/s;
N.=PV×10-.
YuanMen
M. 6.7.2 The power consumption of suspended or self-propelled machinery is determined by the torque and speed of the total transmission shaft and the traveling part. The total power consumption is calculated according to formula (22): N.=Na+ N,=(Mn+ Mn)
Wherein: Na
Total power consumption, kW
Na—Power consumption of the total transmission shaft of the working parts, kW; N—Power consumption of the traveling part, kW;
M,—Torque of the total transmission shaft of the working parts, N·m; M,—Torque of the traveling part, N·m;
—Number of revolutions of the total transmission shaft of the working parts, r/min: n
—Number of revolutions of the traveling part, r/min.
6.8 Determination of glide rate and slip rate
JB/T6276--92
It is carried out simultaneously with the determination of power index, calculated according to formula (23), and the result is recorded in Table 12. 8-
L-2 yuan Rni×100%
2 yuan Rn
In the formula: "+" is the glide rate, "" is the slip rate: L is the actual distance traveled by the wheel, m;
R—-wheel radius (rigid wheel axle to outer edge, pneumatic tire is the distance from axle to ground), n: n—number of rotations of the wheel
7 Production test
The purpose of production test is to evaluate the economical use, reliability, performance stability and regional adaptability of the machine. Adjustment and maintenance convenience and durability and safety of wearing parts.
Production test is divided into production verification and reliability test. 7.1 Production verification
The production verification time shall not be less than 3 consecutive shifts, and the working time of each shift shall not be less than 6 hours. Special personnel shall be fixed to carefully record the verification records. The records shall be compiled and summarized in Table 13. Table 14.7.2 Reliability test
7.2.1 See Appendix B (reference) for reliability test. 7.2.2 Determination of wear of vulnerable parts
The dimensions of the main wear parts shall be measured before and after the reliability test. The measurement method and measuring tools shall be strictly consistent before and after the measurement. Recorded in Table 15, the wear or deformation amount shall be obtained after calculation and analysis. 7.2.3 In the reliability test, especially when there is a significant change in the machine operation quality, the operation performance must be retested. 7.3 Calculation of technical and economic indicators
According to the provisions and formulas of GB5667, calculate the pure working hour productivity, shift hour productivity, unit area fuel consumption and shift time utilization. Among them, the shift operation time in the shift hour productivity formula should be the shift time of reliability assessment, and the shift time in the shift time utilization formula should be the reliability working time. 8 Test report
8.1 Sorting and summarizing
Data and information should be sorted out in time during the test. After the test, the results of observation, measurement, calculation and analysis should be verified, sorted and summarized, recorded in Tables 16 to 18, and a test report should be written. 8.2 Test report content
8.2.1 Test overview: state the purpose of the test, the model, name, number of test machines, research units and machine supply units, units participating in the test, test time, location and completed workload, etc. 8.2.2 Machine introduction: introduce the structure, main parameters, characteristics and main working principle and process of the machine. If necessary, a simple diagram or photo of the machine should be attached.
Test conditions and analysis: briefly describe the test conditions for investigation or measurement, and analyze whether they are representative and their impact on the test. 8.2.3 Order
8.2.4 Performance measurement should preferably use linear proportional diagrams, with the horizontal axis representing 5 different speeds and the vertical axis representing the top cutting failure rate, stem loss rate, excavation depth, impurity content, root body breakage rate, tuber damage rate and tuber loss rate, etc. The situation of each measurement area should be marked on the diagram. 8.2.5 Test results and analysis: based on the data measured and the phenomena observed in the test, a comprehensive analysis and comment on the machine is conducted. 8.2.6 Existing problems and suggestions for improvement.
Test conclusion.
Machine model and name:
Manufacturing unit:
Measurement date:
Measurement items
Overall dimensions (length×width×height)
Gross weight
Range adjustment range
Machine and power connection method
Transport clearance
Minimum turning radius of the unit
Minimum horizontal passing radius of the unit
Number of operators of the unit
Matching power model and name Scale
Shape type
Horizontal distance between the lower edge of the center line of the shaper and the corresponding
blade point of the cutter
Type and shape of the cutter
Force of the cutting part on the top of the beet
Working width
Angle with the horizontal
Turn radius (cleaning length)
Material and quantity of working parts
Linear speed of working parts
Working width
Transmission mode
JB/T 6276—92
Table 1 Technical parameter measurement table
Machine number:
Measurement location:
Matching power, kW:
Design value
Measured value
Measurement items
Front opening of excavator
Deepness of soil
Width of building
Transmission line speed
Angle with horizontal
Distance from the ground
Working width
Separation length
Angle with horizontal
Type of unloading
Container volume
Time for unloading a full container
Type of unloading
Busy container volume
Time for unloading a full container
Control method
Control part
JB/T6276--92
Continued Table 1
Design value
Measured value
Measurer:
Recorder:
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