GB 15606-1995 General rules for production safety in woodworking (wood) workshops
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General rules to safety production of woodworking shop
Subject content and scope of application
GB 15606—1995
This standard specifies the requirements for the working environment, layout, equipment and safety devices, safe operation, safety management and education of woodworking (timber making) workshops.
This standard is applicable to woodworking (timber making) workshops such as log timber, batching warehouses, wood products, three-board secondary processing, and wood mold processing. 2 Reference standards
GB2893 Safety colors
GB2894
GB4053
Safety signs
Industrial fixed guardrails
General principles for safety and sanitation design of production equipment
GB5083
GB5226 General technical conditions for electrical equipment of machine tools
GB7033
GB 12557
Safety technical conditions for finger-guard and shield-type woodworking planers General safety rules for woodworking machine tool structures
Code for fire protection of building design
Industrial lighting design standards
Hygiene standards for industrial enterprise design
3 Terminology
3.1 Woodworking
Refers to the mechanical processing of wood, excluding manual and three-board manufacturing processing. 3.2 Woodworking (material) workshop
can refer to a simple wood processing workshop (factory), a simple wood product (woodenware, wooden molds, models, furniture, doors and windows, secondary processing of three boards) manufacturing workshop (factory), or a comprehensive wood and wood product processing workshop. 3.3 Workshop (factory)
refers to a unit or department, and also refers to the person in charge of the unit. 3.4 Internal protective cover
refers to a circular arc-shaped protective cover located under the lip of the planer. 4 Working environment
4.1 TemperaturebZxz.net
4.1.1 The air temperature and heat and cold protection requirements of the work place in the woodworking workshop shall comply with the relevant provisions of TJ36. 4.1.2 The air temperature at the work place of the woodworking workshop shall not be higher than 35℃. When it is higher than 35℃, the factory shall take effective heatstroke prevention and temperature reduction measures.
GB 15606-1995
4.1.3 The air temperature at the work place of the woodworking workshop shall not be lower than 12℃. When it is lower than 12℃, local cold prevention and warming measures shall be taken. 4.2 Ventilation
4.2.1 The woodworking workshop shall have natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation facilities to form a good air circulation. The concentration of harmful substances in the workshop air shall not exceed the provisions of TJ36.
4.2.2 Equipment that generates a lot of dust during production in the workshop shall have single-machine dust collection facilities or centralized dust collection facilities, and the concentration of plant dust in the workshop air shall not exceed 10mg/m3.
4.3 Illumination
4.3.1 The lighting of the woodworking workshop shall comply with the relevant provisions of TJ34. 4.3.2 The working space of the woodworking workshop shall have good illumination. When natural lighting is used during the day, direct sunlight should be avoided from hitting the workbench. When the illumination is insufficient, local lighting should be added. 4.3.3 The minimum illumination of work lighting shall comply with the requirements of Table 1. Table 1
Workshops and workplaces
Woodworking workshop
Woodworks workshop1)
Mixed illumination
Note: 1) Does not include auxiliary buildings in the workshop such as workshop lounges, passages, stairs, etc. Minimum illumination value
4.3.4 Lighting shall not use colored light sources, nor shall it interfere with photoelectric safety protection (protection) devices. 4.3.5 Illuminators shall be regularly repaired and maintained to keep the surface clean. 4.4 Noise
4.4.1 The noise value of all types of woodworking machine tools during idling operation shall comply with the provisions of GB12557. 4.4.2 When the noise in the workshop exceeds 90dB(A), effective noise reduction measures must be taken. 5 Plane layout
5.1 General requirements
General illumination
5.1.1 The process flow of the production line in the woodworking workshop should be smooth, and return should be avoided as much as possible to facilitate production management. Area lines should be used to divide departments. The area lines are generally 50mm wide and are coated or inlaid on the workshop floor with white or yellow (green for safety passages) materials (the inlaid area lines shall not be higher than the floor).
5.1.2 The working floor of the workshop should be flat and solid, and able to withstand the load specified during work. 5.1.3 The working floor of the workshop should be kept clean at all times. It is not allowed to store materials unrelated to production on the ground around the work site. 5.2 Arrangement of woodworking machines and other equipment
5.2.1 The arrangement of woodworking machines (equipment) should leave a stacking area suitable for the product variety and batch. And consider the land for loading and unloading materials during production and the transitional stacking of waste and semi-finished products. At the same time, the placement of auxiliary tool boxes (racks) and other furnishings should also be considered so that the production activities between various equipment (machine tools) will not interfere with each other.
5.2.2 For woodworking machines operated by multiple people, the layout of their operating tables should ensure that the operators can see each other. 5.2.3 The plane projections of the foundation of the woodworking machine (equipment) and the foundation of the factory building components or other buried components cannot overlap, and a distance of at least 200 mm must be maintained.
5.2.4 When the travel of the exposed moving parts of the woodworking machine reaches the limit position, its edge shall not be less than 800 mm from the adjacent equipment and factory building components.
5.2.5 The layout of woodworking machine tools should take into account that production activities will not cause accidental harm to operators of adjacent equipment. 123
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5.2.6 Timber band saws cannot be arranged below the electrical wiring in the workshop. 5.2.7 Woodworking machine tools must be firmly fixed to prevent tipping and accidental displacement. Small devices must be fixed on bars, workbenches or supports with sufficient strength (except for portable, electric and pneumatic tools). 5.3 Storage of materials at workstations
5.3.1 General requirements
Near the production stations of woodworking machine tools, sites for stacking wood of various specifications and processed (semi-)finished products can be arranged according to the requirements of workpiece circulation and transportation; processing waste and wood chips are stored according to the requirements of comprehensive utilization; auxiliary tools and other tools are arranged according to the principle of centralized storage in tool boxes. The order of the stacking positions of various materials should be convenient for processing operations and should ensure the safety of operations. 5.3.2 Stacking site
Raw materials and processed (semi-)finished products in the woodworking workshop should be stacked and placed, and the size of the site should ensure that the stacking capacity can meet the requirements of the production batch. 5.3.3 Stacking of logs
The location of log stacking in the woodworking workshop should ensure that when the log capacity is at its maximum, the minimum distance from the log to the workstation along the direction of the ribs is not less than 2m.
5.3.4 Stacking of boards and square materials
5.3.4.1 Boards and square materials should be stacked in layers horizontally and vertically. When stacking in the same direction, ventilation should be considered. The stacking should be firm and neat, without sinking or tilting. The distance between stacks shall not be less than 1m.
5.3.4.2 Boards and square materials should be stacked on non-rolling ribs. The ribs should be flat and firm, and will not deform or break when bearing the upper load. The distance between ribs should not be greater than 1m, and the height of the ribs should be greater than 100mm. 5.3.5 Bars can be stacked in a dense manner, and short bars can also be stored on shelves or in cargo boxes. When dense stacking is adopted, the height and spacing requirements of the leg pads are the same as those in 5.3.4.2, and the stacking slope on both sides of the stack shall not be greater than the natural stacking slope (stable slope) of the bars. When using shelves or cargo boxes for storage, the shelves (boxes) should have sufficient strength to avoid being crushed. 5.4 Passages
5.4.1 The woodworking workshop should be equipped with vertical and horizontal passages running through the workshop. The width of the main passage should be determined according to the type of running vehicles, and the narrowest should not be less than 2m.
5.4.2 The minimum width of the passage used for safe evacuation alone shall not be less than 1.4m. 5.5 Fire protection
5.5.1 The plane layout of the woodworking workshop should take into account the requirements of fire protection and comply with the provisions of TJ16. 5.5.2 Fire hydrants, sand boxes and corresponding fire extinguishers should be arranged in obvious and easily accessible places in the woodworking workshop. 5.5.3 The door of the emergency exit of the woodworking workshop must open outwards, and no threshold or steps should be set. 5.5.4 The distance from the farthest work place in the woodworking workshop to the external exit or stairs should comply with the provisions of Table 2: Table 2
Fire resistance level of workshop building
Three, four
5.5.5 The woodworking workshop should have a conspicuous sign prohibiting smoking and fireworks at a conspicuous position at the entrance. Smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited in the workplace of the workshop.
5.5.6 When welding work must be carried out in the workshop, appropriate preventive measures should be taken. 6 Equipment and safety devices
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The kinematic chains of exposed drive, transmission, feeding, and barrel components shall be equipped with protective covers or contact prevention devices at places where the operator may touch them.
GB15606—1995
6.1.2 Except for the necessary exposed parts, the rest of the cutting tool shall not be exposed. Otherwise, a protective cover, contact prevention device or anti-flying device shall be installed.
6.1.3 After the power supply of the equipment is cut off, if the spindle continues to run due to inertia and may cause danger, a braking device or emergency stop device shall be installed.
6.1.4 The electrical equipment of the machine tool shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB5226. The electrical equipment of other equipment shall also comply with the provisions of the corresponding standards. 6.2 Woodworking circular saw machine and circular saw blade
6.2.1 The saw blade of the circular saw machine shall be designed with a protective device in the non-working large semicircle. 6.2.2 The woodworking circular saw machine shall be equipped with a chip removal port or chip removal device. Manual feeding woodworking circular saws should be equipped with covering protective covers. 6.2.3 Woodworking circular saws should be equipped with dividing knives. The outer geometric dimensions of the dividing knives should be determined according to the diameter of the saw blade ($), and the thickness of the dividing knives should be larger than the thickness of the saw blade and slightly thinner than the saw path. 6.2.4 Automatic feeding woodworking circular saws should be equipped with anti-rebound devices on the entire width in front of the feed roll or crawler, and the rebound claws should maintain continuous contact with the fed raw materials.
6.2.5 Rocker-type circular saws should have limit stops at the front end of the guide rails. 6.2.6 Hanging cross-cut saws should be equipped with a counterweight or elastic sawing device. 6.2.7 Cracked circular saw blades must not be used without repair. 6.2.8 Ordinary circular saw blades that have not been properly tensioned must not be used. 6.3 Woodworking band saws and saw blades
6.3.1 When installing a woodworking band saw, ensure the stability of the upper and lower saw wheels and do not allow them to shake left and right. 6.3.2 When installing the upper and lower saw wheels, the circular runout must be strictly controlled to ensure smooth operation of the saw blade and reduce cracking of the saw blade. 6.3.3 The band saw machine should be equipped with a saw cover when in use. Except for the saw blade part between the saw card and the workbench (or cross boat), the rest of the band saw blade should be closed, the outer circumference of the upper and lower saw wheel covers should be made of solid material, the inner wall of the cover should be lined with smooth metal material, and the front and rear parts of the saw wheel can be made of solid material or metal wire mesh, porous metal sheet, etc. 6.3.4 The band saw machine should have a tensioning device, and the tension should be adjusted to the specified value according to the model and specifications of the machine tool to prevent the band saw blade from breaking due to excessive tension.
6.3.5 The structure of the saw card should be able to adjust the position according to the thickness of the wood, or automatically track the thickness of the wood. The saw card should generally be adjusted to about 30mm from the upper surface of the wood, and the gap between the saw card and the saw blade should generally be adjusted between 0.08 and 0.15mm. A protective cover should also be set between the saw card and the upper saw wheel. The protective cover should be able to block the exposed teeth and cover the two sides of the saw blade and adjust with the rise and fall of the saw card. 6.3.6 The track of the sports car should be straight, the disc should be flat, and the two ends should be equipped with travel switches. The hooks should be sharp, flexible and powerful. A cleaning device should be installed on the track of the sports car to ensure the smooth operation of the sports car. Warning bars should be installed at both ends and both sides of the track (except the operation point). The height of the warning bar should not be less than 800mm.
6.3.7 The thickness of the band saw blade should be selected according to the diameter specification of the pulley. It is necessary to avoid using a thick saw blade with a small wheel diameter to cause breakage and injury. 6.3.8 The teeth of the band saw blade should be sharp, and the tooth depth should not exceed 1/4 of the width of the saw blade. The transverse cracks of the band saw blade should be strictly controlled during use. When the crack length of the band saw blade exceeds one of the requirements in Table 3, it should be cut off and re-welded. Table 3
Crack name
Crack index
Note: B is the width of the band saw blade.
Saw back or saw body cracks
Tooth root cracks
Cracks on both sides of the weld
Weld cracks
Not allowed
6.3.9 The welding of the band saw blade should be firm and flat, and there should be no more than three joints (small table band saws can be slightly loosened), and the length between joints should be more than one-fifth of the total length. The thickness of the joint should be basically consistent with the thickness of the saw blade to prevent strong vibration. When the saw blade joints are butt-jointed, the joint should be in the center of the tooth pitch. When overlapping the saw blade joint, the overlap width should be determined according to the width and thickness of the saw blade, generally 9 to 11 mm. 125
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6.3.10 The tension treatment of the band saw blade should meet the requirements of roundness and bending. However, rolling tension is prohibited within 24 mm on the left and right of the band saw blade joint.
6.4 Woodworking planer
6.4.1 The planer body of square column and prism is prohibited for woodworking flat planer. It is stipulated that the planer body of cylindrical shape should be used. The trapezoidal knife groove should become closed or semi-closed after the knife is installed.
6.4.2 After the blade is installed and adjusted, its radial extension shall not exceed 1.1 mm. The radial extension tolerance between the two ends of the same blade and each blade shall not exceed 0.05 mm. The width of the new blade should be greater than 30 mm, and its width after re-grinding shall not be less than two-thirds of the original width. 6.4.3 The planer should have a knife shaft stop mechanism for positioning when installing and removing the knife. It should also be equipped with a brake device. After the power is cut off, the braking stop time of the knife shaft should comply with the provisions of GB7033. 6.4.4 The opening of the planer workbench should be as small as possible. The opening of the current workbench when it is at the maximum (cutting depth of 5mm) cutting position is shown in Table 4.
Nominal diameter of cutting circle, mm
Eccentric shaft
Lifting mechanism type
Inclined guide rail
Without inner guard
With inner guard
Without inner guard
With inner guard
>80～90
>90～100>100～112>112～125>125～140>140~160
6.4.5 The fan-shaped plate of the planer should be designed so that the plate can automatically cover all the knife shafts in the processing area on the left side of the guide plate during the whole process of use. 6.4.6 The finger guard keys of the planer must cover the knife shaft on the full width of the planer before each planing. The adjacent spacing of the keys shall not be greater than 8mm. The width of the sheet material during planing should be less than the width of the sheet material plus 8mm. The remaining finger guard keys remain in place. 6.4.7 The protective device of the inner shield structure of the planer generally requires an external fan-shaped plate. 6.4.8 When the planer uses an automatic feeder (including a manipulator), the knife shaft in the non-processing area on the same side of the operator should be protected by a guard plate or other methods.
6.4.9 The planer should be equipped with several push blocks of different sizes and types to prepare for the processing of too short sheets. The length of the sheet should not be shorter than 4 times the opening of the workbench.
6.4.10 The planer shaft of the planer must be covered with a metal shield. Whether the shield is a steel plate structure or a cast iron structure, it should have sufficient strength and rigidity to play an effective protective role. The shield should also take into account the setting of the dust collection system. 6.4.11 The feed roller of the planer should be set inside the shield. The structure of the feed roller should be spliced and elastic to adapt to the processing of raw materials with uneven thickness.
6.4.12 The planer should be equipped with an anti-rebound device (anti-rebound claw). 6.5 Cone cutting machine
6.5.1 The milling head and circular saw blade of the machine should be covered with a protective cover on the circumference that does not participate in cutting. The protective cover should also take into account the setting of the dust collection system.
6.5.2 Manual feeding sample cutting machine should be equipped with a fastening or clamping device on the positioning fixture. 6.5.3 The feeding chain and sprocket of the double-head machine should be completely covered except for the part that conveys wood. 6.6 Woodworking milling machine
6.6.1 Router and universal wood model milling machine should be equipped with a single machine dust collection device. 6.6.2 The milling cutter head of the single (double) vertical axis milling machine should be equipped with a tool cover to cover the cutter head when the machine is stopped. 6.7 Grooving machine and multi-axis drilling machine
6.7.1 The screw head of the workpiece clamping mechanism of the sample groove machine shall not be exposed. 126
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6.7.2 If a slotting machine uses a foot switch, it must be covered with an I-shaped metal protective cover. 6.7.3 Multi-axis drills and multi-row drills should be equipped with separate brake and starting devices at each group of drills or each row of drills. 6.8 Lathes
6.8.1 Lathes that use the center to drive the bar stock should generally be equipped with a movable protective cover above the bar stock. The protective cover should be made of transparent material to facilitate observation of the turning operation.
6.8.2 Lathes without a small tool holder should be equipped with a long linear guide plate, and the turning tool is not allowed to operate in the air. 6.8.3 The cutting head and bar stock of the cyclone cutting round bar machine should be equipped with a protective cover and a baffle. 6.8.4 The turntable of the end lathe should have a firm locking device. 6.9 Sanding machines
6.9.1 Except for the working parts of the disc and cylinder, the rest of the disc and cylinder (including other rotating parts) of the disc and cylinder sanding machines should be covered. The minimum distance between the disc and cylinder and the edge of the workbench should be maintained. 6.9.2 Sanding machines should be equipped with dust collection devices. 6.10 Combined (multi-purpose) woodworking machine tools
Combined (multi-purpose) woodworking machine tools are generally protected at each operating point according to the machine tool function or type at that operating point, and each operating point of the combined (multi-purpose) woodworking machine tool should be equipped with a separate starting and stopping device, otherwise there should be protective measures. 6.11 Woodworking tool grinding machine
6.11.1 The motorized saw blade toothing machine should be equipped with guards on both sides of the die, especially along the side of the manual feed, to prevent the hand from accidentally entering the danger zone. Its foot switch should be covered with a type II protective cover. 6.11.2 Bowl-shaped grinding wheels and sheet-shaped grinding wheels that have been stored for more than two years and have not been re-aging tested shall not be used. 6.12 Pressure vessels and other equipment.
6.12.1 Boilers and pressure vessels with a working pressure of more than 7×10*Pa must comply with relevant safety standards. 6.12.2 Steam pipes that may cause contact and burns to the human body should have anti-scalding measures. 6.12.3 Drying, painting and lifting equipment must each meet the corresponding safety standards. 7 Safe Operation
7.1 General Principles of Safe Operation
7.1.1 All types of workers must use labor protection equipment correctly when working. 7.1.2 Before going to work, carefully check whether the tools, equipment, safety devices are intact and whether there are foreign objects in the work area. Only after confirming that they are intact and free of foreign objects can the equipment be started.
7.1.3 When inspecting equipment and adjusting, replacing and repairing tools, the power supply must be cut off, and a notice board must be hung at the equipment start switch. 7.1.4 When using woodworking machinery, the equipment requirements and process requirements must be strictly followed, and overloading and overspeeding are not allowed. 7.1.5 Before operation, check whether the wood being processed is clamped by nails or other hard objects. It is prohibited to process wood that is not completely glued. 7.1.6 It is not allowed to reach the blade with your hands to take wood, clean equipment, or remove wood chips and wood blocks when the equipment is running or the power supply has been cut off but it is still running by inertia.
7.1.7 Woodworking machines operated by multiple people, equipment related to auxiliary workers, and conveying equipment with people passing through must first send a signal at the beginning of each day's work, when starting a shift, and when restarting after shutdown. 7.1.8 The workshop (factory) must formulate specific safety operating procedures according to various types of machine tools and equipment [Appendix A (reference). 7.1.9 The workshop (factory) should formulate electrical safety rules and electrical operating procedures according to the electrical facilities of the factory to ensure the safety of electricity use. 8 Safety management and education
8.1 All areas (spaces) and equipment in the woodworking workshop, where personal safety can be endangered, should be marked in conspicuous places in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB2894.
8.2 The coloring of various equipment in the woodworking workshop that are prone to personal danger should comply with the relevant provisions of GB2893. 127
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8.3 Non-operating personnel or non-maintenance personnel should be prohibited from touching the equipment when the woodworking machine is in operation. 8.4 It is not allowed to remove any safety device and protective cover. 8.5 All kinds of equipment and their safety protection systems should be regularly inspected and maintained in time. 8.6 The factory must provide three-level safety education to new workers and students who come to the factory for internship. Special types of work must also be qualified before they can take up their posts. 8.7 On-site education must be carried out when changing jobs. 8.8 The factory should formulate training outlines according to the type of work. 128
A1 Safe operation of band saws
GB15606—1995
Appendix A
Safe operation of woodworking machines
(reference)
A1.1 Before starting the machine, carefully check whether the saw blade has cracks, whether the joint is firm, and whether the saw blade tension is appropriate. The thallium lead should be replaced according to the width of the saw blade for ordinary band saws and sports car band saws.
A1.2 The saw should be stopped when adjusting the saw card. It is strictly forbidden to loosen or tighten the saw card when the saw blade is rotating. A1.3 The guardrails at both ends of the sports car band saw should not be moved at will. After the sports car band saw is started, no one should pass on the track. A1.4 The sawing speed of ordinary band saws and sports car band saws should be determined according to the material. The upper and lower sawing hands of ordinary band saws should cooperate well. The upper hand should be level, the material should be turned steadily and accurately, and the saw should be placed straight. The lower hand should be steady, and the lower hand should be pulled to prevent the saw from being clamped. The saw blade should not be hit when the material is fed back. The speed of the sports car band saw should be slow when the saw is first inserted, and then the speed should be increased. When returning the car, pay attention to the bulge of the gun fork, etc. to prevent the strip from falling. A1.5 When sawing wood longitudinally with an ordinary band saw, a longitudinal guide should be used. The guide should be parallel to the saw blade and the positioning should be firm. When sawing materials longer than 1m, the material can be connected only after it is 40cm out of the saw blade; when sawing materials shorter than 1m, the upper hand should use a push rod to feed the material, and the lower hand should use a hook to connect the material.
A1.6 When operating a joinery band saw, the hand should be more than 3cm away from the saw blade, and the material should not be pushed too hard; the starting angle should not be too large when sawing, and the material should not be pushed and turned sharply to prevent the saw blade from breaking.
A1.7 To remove the resin and sawdust on the saw wheel and saw blade, it is advisable to wipe them with a long-handled brush dipped in kerosene or diesel. The hand holding the brush should be at an angle to the saw blade. A1.8 When the band saw machine is stopped, do not use wood to brake the passive wheel and saw blade. This is to avoid irreparable accidents caused by the speed difference between the upper and lower wheels. In addition, do not use wood to push the cutting edge of the saw teeth when the saw blade is rotating by inertia. A1.9 When the band saw is running, if the saw blade is found to move back and forth on the saw wheel, the machine should be stopped for inspection. A2 Safe operation of circular saws
A2.1 The feeding speed of both manual feed saws and automatic feed saws should be determined according to the hardness and scarring of the material. A2.2 When operating, people should not stand on the saw blade rotation line, but operate sideways. It is strictly forbidden to put the arm across or across the saw blade to perform certain operations. A2.3 When feeding manually, the operator's hand should be more than 5 cm away from the saw. When sawing short materials, the distance of more than 5 cm cannot be maintained. The longitudinal saw should be pushed by pushing the material, and the cross-cutting saw should be fed by pressing the material with a wooden board. A2.4 When sawing wood with longitudinal and transverse saws, the backing should be fully utilized. The convex surface of bow-shaped wood and curved board materials should be close to the guide plate to avoid accidents caused by the saw and hitting the material.
A2.5 When cleaning the scraps and wood blocks on the saw blade and around the teeth during startup, it is strictly forbidden to remove them by hand. A wooden stick should be used. A2.6 When sawing and splitting materials longer than 1m, two people are required to operate. When pushing to the end with the upper hand, the lower hand should not pull the material too hard. It is strictly forbidden to use the belly of the upper hand to push the material. When sending the wood back with the lower hand, do not hit the saw blade to prevent the wood from rebounding and injuring people. A2.7 When cutting wood longitudinally, the height of the saw blade must not exceed 10mm of the thickness of the sawn wood to avoid the saw teeth from hurting hands or damaging the guard. A2.8 When the saw is clamped, it is strictly forbidden to push the material backward. The machine should be stopped and a wooden wedge should be driven into the sawing mouth. A2.9 When the thickness of the grease adhering to the saw blade reaches two-thirds of the sawing amount, the machine should be stopped (power off) for cleaning. A scraper or a brush dipped in kerosene can be used for cleaning.
A3 Safety Operation of Planer
A3.1 When processing wood on the planer, it must be pushed with both hands. When the front hand is 300mm close to the lip, it should be lifted and placed on the wood beyond the rear lip to continue pushing. When the rear hand pushes the material past the lip, it is strictly forbidden to push the material with fingers on the rear end of the material. A3.2 The feeding speed and cutting depth on the planer should be determined according to the hardness, comb scars and texture of the wood. The cutting depth of general materials should not exceed 129
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1.5mm; when encountering small comb scars and reverse silk patterns (coiled wires), the feeding speed should be slowed down and the cutting depth should not exceed 0.5mm; materials with large comb scars and large coiled wires are strictly prohibited from being processed on the planer. A3.3 Make full use of the backrest of the planer. When processing any workpiece, it must be pushed along the backrest. When encountering half cutting, the left hand should press the wood at a position far away from the lip.
A3.4 When bringing the material back, the end of the hand holding the material must leave the work surface of the planer. When pushing several pieces of wood at the same time, the number of pieces should be selected according to the individual's grip strength to ensure simultaneous feeding.
A3.5 When planing wood with a length of less than 300mm or a thickness of less than 20mm on a flat planer, a pressing plate or a pressing rod should be used to push the wood. A3.6 The planing depth of the planer should be determined according to the planing width. When planing the full width, the planing depth should not exceed 2.5mm, and when planing the partial width, the planing depth should not exceed 5mm. Materials with inconsistent thickness should not be processed at the same time. A3.7 The anti-return claws and front and rear clamps of the planer should be adjusted to the appropriate position according to the thickness of the wood and the planing depth. A3.8 When processing with a planer, planing should be done along the grain, and the plane should be used as the reference surface. When processing hardwood or materials with comb scars, the feeding speed should be appropriately reduced. When processing long materials, a dedicated person should receive the materials at the exit, and the materials should be kept parallel to the table when the rear end of the wood has not completely rushed out of the planer. A3.9 The operator should wear gloves when changing the cutter of the planer or flat planer. A4 Milling Machine Safety Operation
A4.1 The vertical milling cutter must be statically balanced. Before starting, check whether the blade has cracks and whether the upper screw has shifted. If so, replace it in time and start the machine only after the blade is tightened.
A4.2 When adjusting the backing plate of the vertical milling machine, the lip should not be adjusted too large. Generally, the distance between the backing lip and the blade is about 3mm. A4.3 When milling curved materials with vertical milling, the cutting depth should be 4-6mm. If the milling depth is greater than 6mm, multiple feeds should be performed. A4.4 The pressure of the backing and roller is required for milling grooves, starting lines and cutting edges. For processing workpieces that are too small or prone to accidents, corresponding molds must be manufactured to ensure processing safety. A feeder is required for processing straight and long materials. A4.5 When feeding materials with automatic vertical axis milling, the pressure and feeding pedals or buttons can be stepped on or pressed after the hand leaves the pressure plate. A4.6 A flat mirror should be worn when operating the milling and universal wood mold milling. A5 Safe operation of the prototype machine
A5.1 Check whether the cutter head has cracks and whether the screws are tightened before starting the machine. A5.2 The weight of the blades installed in the cutter body must be consistent. A5.3 When starting, the cutter heads must be started one by one. Do not start the cutter heads that are not used. The starting cutter heads should be started after they are running normally before the feeding part is started. A5.4 The sliding part of the dovetail starter template should be kept clean. A5.5 The material of the finger joint machine (combing machine) must be firmly clamped to prevent the material from being thrown out. When tightening the cutter head, do not move or rotate the alloy steel sheet to prevent the alloy steel sheet from opening and being thrown out and injuring people.
A6 Safe operation of slotting machine and multi-head drill
A6.1 The drill bit and drill sleeve must be installed straight and tight. The drill bit and drill sleeve must be kept sharp. A6.2 According to the material, the pressure and feed speed should be properly controlled to prevent the drill bit from drilling through and injuring people. A6.3 During processing, the material must be clamped with a fixture. When processing materials longer than 1.5m, a bracket or two people should be used. A6.4 When placing the workpiece on the multi-axis drill, the switch of the press cylinder can be stepped on after the hand leaves the workbench. A6.5 When multi-row drills are used in rows, only the selected row drills are allowed to be started, and the unused rows shall not be started. A7 Safe operation of sanding machine
A7.1 The overlap of sandpaper should be flat. Check whether the sanding belt interface is damaged before starting. A7.2 Do not use excessive force when holding the pressure plate with your hand. A7.3 Before starting, lift the pressure support and press it down after it runs normally. 130
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A7.4 When pushing the table for sanding, your hands must be placed under the table to avoid being scratched. A7.5 For horizontal sanding machines, the table and the sanding belt must be kept parallel; for vertical sanding machines, the table and the sanding belt must be kept vertical. A7.6 For vertical sanding machines, the distance between the hand and the sanding belt must not be less than 100mm. A7.7 When stopping operation, the pressure support should be lifted and the sanding belt should be loosened. A8 Safe operation of auxiliary machines and saw blades
A8.1 No one should stand facing the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel. When grinding saw teeth and saw blade interfaces, the head should be tilted to one side and protective glasses and masks should be worn.
A8.2 When rolling on a roller press, the hands must not touch the pressure roller. And be careful not to hang the sleeves on the teeth of the saw blade or circular saw blade. A8.3 Keep fingers away from the punch when punching teeth to avoid hurting your hands. A8.4 When welding saw blades, the joints and welding flux should be kept clean. If heavy skin is found after welding, it needs to be removed and re-welded. A8.5 When turning over the saw blade, hold the saw back firmly with both hands, and the saw blade should be at least 5 cm away from the foot to avoid the saw teeth piercing the foot. When the saw blade is broken, do not break it all at once to avoid the broken pieces flying and injuring people.
A8.6 When storing the band saw blade, the joint should be stored in the flat part of the saw blade, and the joint should not be placed at the bent ends to cause potential cracking; and the saw teeth should not face the direction of human movement to prevent scratching pedestrians. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Fuzhou Woodworking Machine Tool Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics. The main drafters of this standard are Zhu Qixiong, Weng Shenghao, Chen Long, and Tan Yuyun131
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