Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness,uniformity and stability-Cassava
Some standard content:
ICS 65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T2446—2013
Technical regulations for the regional tests of tropical crop varieties-Cassava2013-09-10Issued
2014-01-01Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009 and was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Tropical Crops and Products of the Ministry of Agriculture. Drafting unit of this standard: Tropical Crop Variety Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, NY/T2446—2013
Main drafters of this standard: Huang Jie, Lu Xiaojing, Ye Jianqiu, Li Kaimian, Zheng Yu, Xu Juan, Wei Yan, Han Quanhui, Zhou Jianguo, Yan QingxiangH
1 Scope
Technical specification for regional trials of tropical crop varieties
NY/T 2446—2013
This standard specifies the test setting, determination of participating varieties (lines), test design, field management, investigation and recording items, data processing, report writing principles, and evaluation methods for participating varieties of regional trials of cassava varieties. This standard is applicable to the design, program formulation and organization and implementation of regional trials of cassava varieties. 2 Normative reference documents
The following documents are indispensable for the application of technical documents. For all referenced documents with dates, only the dated version applies to this document. For all referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB4285 Standard for safe use of pesticides
GB8321 (all parts) Guidelines for the rational use of pesticides GB8821 National food safety standard Food additive B·Carotene GB/T5009.5 National food safety standard Determination of protein in food CB/T5009.9 Determination of starch in food
GB/T5009.10 Determination of crude fiber in food GB/T6194 Determination of soluble sugar in fruits and vegetables GB/T6195 Determination of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables (2,6-dihydroindophenol titration method) GB/T22101.1 Technical specification for evaluation of cotton resistance to diseases and pests Part 1: Cotton bollworm GB/T20264 Determination of moisture content in grains and oilseeds by drying VY/T 356 Cassava seed stems
NY/T1681 Good operation practice (GAP) for cassava production NY/T1685 Technical procedures for rapid propagation of cassava tender shoots 3 Cassava germplasm resource description specifications
NY/T1943
NY/T2036 Technical specifications for identification of stress resistance of tropical tuberous root crop variety resources Cassava NY/T2046 Technical specifications for prevention and control of major diseases and pests of cassava 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
Testing variety testingvaricty
Artificially cultivated genotypes or natural mutations that have been improved, with consistent population morphological characteristics and biological characteristics, relatively stable genetic traits, not exclusive to all existing varieties, clear sources: no intellectual property disputes, and variety names that comply with national naming regulations. Test varieties include non-GM and GM varieties, and GM varieties provide agricultural GM animal safety certificates. 3.2
Control variety control variely
Meet the definition of experimental varieties, have passed variety approval or certification, and are the main varieties or excellent varieties promoted in the ecological type area of the experiment. Its yield, quality and stress resistance are representative in production and are used for comparison with experimental varieties. 3.3
Pre-registration variety test NY/T2446—2013
A variety (strain) screening test organized in advance to select the participating varieties (lines) for regional trials. 3.4
Regional variety test regional In multiple different natural areas of the same ecological type, select locations that can represent the soil characteristics, climate conditions, farming systems, and production water resources of the region. According to unified test plans and technical regulations, arrange multiple points for multi-year variety (strain) comparative tests to identify the adaptability, stability, high yield, disease and pest resistance, stress resistance, quality, growth maturity and other important characteristics of the varieties (strains). In this way, a comprehensive evaluation of the test varieties is carried out to determine the utilization value and suitable planting area of the varieties (strains), providing a scientific basis for variety selection and promotion. 3.5
Production test yield test
Under the conditions of daily production close to that of human beings in the same ecological type area, for the varieties (lines) that perform well in the regional tests, their adaptability, stable yield, high yield, and stress resistance are further verified in multiple locations with relatively large areas, and the supporting cultivation technologies are summarized at the same time. 4 Experimental settings
4.1 Organization and implementation units
The National Tropical Crop Variety Designation Committee for Seed Regional Test is responsible for organizing and implementing the test. 4.2 Test units
According to the climate, soil, cultivation and other conditions, select units with good test conditions, strong technical base, relatively stable personnel, and the ability to undertake test tasks in each ecological type area to undertake the test tasks. 4.3 Quality inspection and resistance identification
Select institutions with testing qualifications to undertake quality inspection and resistance identification tasks. 4.4 Division of test groups||t t||The test groups shall be determined according to the ecological zoning, planting zoning, variety type, planting period, harvest period and use, etc., combined with the actual farming system and advantageous layout of the production.
4.5 Selection of test sites
The test sites shall be representative of the climate, soil, cultivation conditions and production level of the test groups, with convenient transportation, flat terrain, consistent previous crops, consistent soil fertility, convenient drainage and wind shelter, and shall not be affected by shade objects such as mountains, trees, forest belts, and buildings.
5 Determination of test varieties (lines)
5.1 Number of varieties (lines)
The number of varieties (lines) for the preliminary test is not limited. The number of varieties (lines) in the same group of the regional test should be 7 to 12 (including the control). When the number of varieties (lines) exceeds 12, the test shall be set up in groups. The number of varieties (lines) in the production test shall be arranged according to the actual situation.
5.2 Application and determination of test varieties (lines) Breeding units submit applications for test varieties (lines) in the region, and the Variety Evaluation Committee confirms the groups and the number of varieties (lines) participating in the regional test, and codes the test groups, area codes and varieties (lines). The test varieties (lines) participating in the production test are the varieties (lines) with better overall performance in the regional test. 5.3 Determination of control varieties
The control varieties are determined by the Variety Evaluation Committee, one for each group, and one auxiliary control variety can be added according to the needs of the test. 5.4 Quality and quantity of test seed stems
The test seed stems should be made from the main raw materials and meet the requirements of NY/T356. The seed supplier should provide sufficient seed stems 15 days before planting. The seed supplier should not perform any treatment that affects the growth and development of the test seeds, and can use the requirements of NY, 1685 to quickly reproduce and supply test seed stems. 6 Experimental Design
6. 1 Experimental Design
NY/T2446—2013
The National Tropical Crop Variety Approval Committee shall decide whether to adopt a preliminary test. Before each round of preliminary test, regional test and production test, the Variety Approval Committee shall formulate an experimental design plan including a plot arrangement diagram, and each test site must strictly implement it. 6.2 Plot Area
The plot area of the preliminary test and regional test shall not be less than 20m2, and the number of planting rows shall not be less than 4 rows. The plot area of the production test shall not be less than 300 m2, and the number of planting rows shall not be less than 10 rows. 6.3 Plot Arrangement
The preliminary test shall be arranged by interlaced method, with one replication. The regional test shall be arranged by randomized block group, with three replications. The production test shall be repeated at least twice, and shall be arranged by diagonal or interlaced method. 6.4 Block Group Arrangement
The direction of block group arrangement shall be consistent with the slope or fertility gradient direction of the test site. 6.5 Shape and orientation of plots
The test plot should be rectangular, and the long side of the plot should be parallel to the slope or fertility gradient. 6.6 Walkway setting
Walkways can be left between the test area and the adjustment protection row, between the plots, and between the plots in this group. The walkway width is 20cm10cm. 6.7 Protection row setting
There should be more than 3 protection rows planted around the test area, and the varieties (lines) should be extended to the surrounding test plots. 7 Test period and test points
7.1 Test period
1 year for preparatory test and 2 years for regional test. 1 year for production test. Production test can be carried out at the same time as the regional test in the second year. 7.2 Test points
The number of test points in the same group shall not be less than 5.
8 Planting
8.1 Planting period
Planting should be carried out according to the local suitable planting period. Generally, planting should start when the average temperature in spring is stable above 15℃. Planting can be carried out in advance by covering with mulch film. It is advisable to plant when the soil condition reaches full seedlings. The planting period of different test points in a group should be controlled within the requirements of this group.
8.2 Preparation before planting
The quality of the land should be consistent. Before planting, in accordance with the requirements of GB4285, GB8321 and NY/T2045, select insecticides (miticides) and fungicides to uniformly treat the seed stems.
8.3 Planting density
The tea production is determined according to the soil fertility, the characteristics of the species (strain) and the cultivation requirements. The spacing between plants and rows is 0cm~100cm, and the planting density is 10,000 plants/hm2~15,625 plants/hm2. The planting density of different test points in the same category should be the same, and calibration and fixed-point planting are required. The production test density can be determined according to the suggestions of each test unit. 8.4 Planting method
According to the climate characteristics, soil conditions, land preparation methods, mechanization requirements and planting habits, determine the flat placement, flat insertion, oblique insertion or straight insertion method. At the same test point, the planting style, planting depth and seed penetration direction of the same group are consistent, but different test points in the same group may be different. 3
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9 Field management
If there is a shortage of seedlings within 10 days after emergence, the seedlings should be checked and supplemented in time. Fresh seed stems can be planted, or seedlings planted in the protected row at the same time can be transplanted. The field management level should be equivalent to or higher than the local medium production level, and timely fertilization, cultivation, weeding and drainage should be carried out, but various plant growth regulators should not be used. When conducting bamboo cultivation, in the same group at the same test point, the same technical measure should be completed within the same day. If there are real difficulties, the same management measure in the same repetition should be completed within the same day. Effective protective measures should be taken in time during the test to prevent harm to humans, animals, typhoons and floods. Field management can be carried out in accordance with the provisions of NY/T1681. 10 Pest and disease control||tt ||During the growth period, according to the disease, insect and weed situation, select high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides for prevention and control. The use of pesticides should comply with the requirements of (B4285, GB8321 and NY/T2046.
11 Harvest and yield calculation
When the cassava variety (strain) reaches maturity, it should be harvested in time. The harvest period of different test points in the same group should be controlled within the requirements of the group. In the same test point, the same group should be completed on the same day. If there are difficulties, the same adjustment content in the same repetition should be completed on the same day. The plot yield measurement does not count the side rows. If the missing plants are within the allowable range, the actual harvest yield should be used as the plot yield. The average single plant weight of the harvested plants cannot be multiplied by the number of planted plants to calculate the plot yield of the missing plants. 12 Adjustment Check the records
Carry out the investigation and record according to the requirements of Appendix A. The results of the investigation on the same day shall be recorded in the household record form, and the "Annual Report on Regional Trial of Cassava Varieties" shall be sorted out and filled in in time, see Appendix 3. In the same test site, the same type shall complete one survey item at the same time. If there are difficulties, the repeated survey items shall be completed on the same day. 13 Taste evaluation, quality inspection and resistance identification 13.1 Taste evaluation
The test unit shall randomly select more than 5 people to evaluate the steamed potato flesh of edible cassava varieties in terms of taste, bitterness, sweetness, powderiness, viscosity and fiber feel.
13.2 Quality inspection
Take samples of the participating varieties (lines) from the designated test sites and send them to qualified institutions for testing. 13.3 Resistance identification
For the varieties participating in the regional trial, qualified institutions shall conduct resistance identification of disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, and early resistance. According to the two-year identification results, the test varieties shall be evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively for each resistance, and compared with the control varieties. 14 Test inspection
The variety center committee shall organize experts to inspect the implementation of each test site every year, and submit an evaluation report and suggestions. 15 Test scrapping
15.1 Test site scrapping
If the test undertaking unit has any of the following circumstances, the regional test of the point shall be scrapped: a) Serious violation of the test technical regulations: the mountain design of the test is not implemented according to the test plan. b) The mountain is natural disasters or man-made factors, and the test varieties cannot grow and develop normally, which seriously affects the test results. c) Multiple plots are missing in the test and cannot be counted. d) The error coefficient of variation of the yield data of the test site is more than 20%. e) The average total yield is less than 50% of the average total yield of all test sites in the group. f) The variety performance of the test results is obviously different from that of most pilots, g) The test data is untrue and other serious impacts on the quality, objectivity and authenticity of the test. h) Those who fail to submit the "Annual Report on Regional Trial of Cassava Varieties" on time. 15.2 Scrap of Trial Varieties
If any of the following circumstances occurs in a trial variety, the variety shall be scrapped. a) Varieties that fail to deliver seed stems in accordance with the prescribed time, quality, quantity and location. b) The cumulative missing plant rate of the trial variety reaches more than 20% during the trial. The cumulative mutant plant rate of the trial variety reaches more than 10% during the trial. The genetically modified variety is replaced by a non-genetically modified variety. d
NY/T2446—2013
e) Among all the pilot projects in the year, the trial varieties of more than 2 (including 2) trial sites are scrapped, and the data of such varieties will not be included in the summary.
For the scrapped trial sites and trial variety data due to force majeure, the responsible unit shall report to the summary unit within 1 month, and issue a summary form to report to the variety review committee.
16 Experiment summary
16.1 Sending reports
The units responsible for preliminary tests, regional tests, production tests, quality inspections, and resistance identifications shall submit test, inspection, identification, and testing reports with a public seal to the designated summary unit within one month after the end of the test. The report format is shown in the Appendix. 16.2 Summary and evaluation
The summary unit shall conduct statistical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the test data, conduct variance analysis and multiple comparisons on fresh potato yield, potato yield, and starch yield. The data shall be accurate to one decimal place, and summarize and write the annual report of the regional test of this test group, which shall be submitted to the Variety Approval Committee for approval and timely release.
16.3 Variety (strain) treatment
The Variety Approval Committee shall discuss and determine the cassava variety approval standards for this round before the first round of regional tests every two years. For excellent varieties that have completed the first round of regional tests and reached the regional approval standards for this round, production tests can be arranged while continuing to participate in the second year of regional tests. For the excellent varieties that have completed two years of regional trials and meet the standards for regional approval in this round, production trials will be arranged. 16.4 Recommended for Approval
For cassava varieties (lines) that have completed regional trials and production trials and meet the standards for regional trials in this round, they will be recommended to the Variety Approval Committee for approval.
17 Others
The experimental seeds received by each undertaking unit can only be used for variety trials. For the variety (line) materials that are no longer needed for testing, the undertaking unit should destroy them on site. They cannot be used for breeding, reproduction, exchanges and other activities, nor can they be used for other purposes without authorization. If any abnormal behavior is found, the situation should be reported to the competent department and the Variety Approval Committee in a timely manner. After verification, the violators will be held accountable in accordance with the law and the serious violators will be disqualified from the test.
NY/T2446—2013
A.1 Foreword
Appendix A
【Normative Appendix】
The record items of regional trial survey of cassava varieties should be recorded in accordance with the record items in the standard. However, with the approval of the Variety Approval Committee, different varieties may add record items with special requirements or reduce unnecessary record items. Yield traits, taste evaluation, and quality inspection should record three replicates of data respectively. The remaining traits should have three replicates of data or performance, and fill in the report with their average or comprehensive evaluation. In order to facilitate the use of computers to store and analyze test data, in addition to the items that have been recorded by numerical value or percentage, other record items can be graded or classified quantitatively. All reported data should use Word documents and Excel reports at the same time. A.2 Meteorological and geographical data
A.2.1 Latitude, longitude, and altitude.
A.2.2 Temperature: the highest, lowest and average temperature during the growing period, A.2.3 Precipitation: 4: number of days and amount of precipitation during the long period, A.2.4 Time of first frost.
A.3 Basic conditions of the experimental site and cultivation management
A.3.1 Basic information
Slope, soil type, tillage and land preparation methods, etc. A.3.2 Field design
Number of test varieties (lines), control varieties, plot arrangement, number of repetitions, row spacing, planting density, plot area, etc. A.3.3 Cultivation management
Planting methods and methods, fertilization (time, method, type, quantity), irrigation and drainage, thinning, seedling replacement, intertillage and weeding, chemical weeding, disease, insect and weed control, etc. At the same time, record special events that occur during the growth period. A.4 Growth period
A.4.1 Planting period
The date of planting. Expressed in year, month and day. A.4.2 Seedling period
50% of the seedlings in the plot have emerged in stage II with a height of 5 cm, and the survey is conducted every other day after the seedlings emerge. Expressed in year, month and day. A.4.3 Branching period
The period when 50% of the dead plants in the plot have a branch length of 5 (m), divided into the first, second and third branches, expressed in year, month and day. A.4.4 Flowering period
The date when 10 plants in the plot have flowered, expressed in year, month and day. A.4.5 Maturity period
The period when the quality of fresh potatoes reaches the requirements for processing or eating, with the manifestations that the tubers have fully expanded, the growth of the above-ground parts has slowed down, the leaves have fallen off one after another, and the fresh potato yield and fresh calyx starch content are both close to the maximum value and stable period. Expressed in year, month and day. 6
A.4.6 Harvest period
The period of harvesting fresh fruits. Expressed in year, month and day. A.4.7 Growth period
The number of dogs from the seedling stage to the harvest stage.
A.5 Agronomic traits
A.5.1 Seedling emergence rate
The percentage of the number of seedlings to the actual number of plants planted. A.5.2 Consistency
The consistency of the growth of cassava seedlings and plants is measured on a daily basis, divided into:
1) Consistent;
2) Relatively consistent;
3) Inconsistent.
A.5.3 Growth potential
Ⅱ1Measure the vigor and growth rate of the stems and leaves of cassava plants in the seedling stage and the middle and late growth stages, divided into: 1) Strong
2) Medium;
3) Weak.
A.5.4 Plant shape
In the middle and late growth period, observe the plants with normal growth and take the most common plant shape as the standard, which can be divided into: 1) upright shape;
2) compact shape;
3) round shape;
4) umbrella shape;
5) open shape.
A.5.5 Plant height
NY/T 2446—2013
Before harvest, select 10 representative plants in each plot and use a ruler to measure the vertical height of the plant from the ground to the highest heart leaf. The unit is centimeter (cm).
A.5.6 Flowering
In the middle and late growth period - observe whether there is flowering under natural conditions, which can be divided into: 1) Yes;
2) No.
A.5.7 Fruitingwww.bzxz.net
In the middle and late stages of growth, observe whether there are any fruits, and divide them into: 1) Yes;
A.5.8 Main stem height
Before harvesting, select 10 representative plants in each plot, and use a ruler to measure the height of the upper stem from the ground to the first branching position. The unit is centimeters (cm).
A. 5.9 Main stem diameter
Before harvesting, select 10 representative plants in each plot, and use a vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the main stem at a height of 10 cm from the ground. The unit is millimeters (mm). Keep one decimal place. 7
NY/T 2446—2013
A.5.10 Number of branches
Before harvesting, select 10 representative plants in each plot, calculate the total number of branches, take the average, and the unit is times per plant. Keep one decimal place.
A.5.11 Angle of the first branch
Before harvesting, select 10 representative plants in each plot, and use an angle ruler to measure the angle between the first branch and the vertical stem, which is divided into:
1) 30° is small;
2) 30~45°;
3) ≥45° is large.
A.5.12 Degree of leaf scar protrusion
Before harvesting: select 10 representative plants in each plot, and use a ruler to measure the height of the leaf scar protrusion in the middle of the main stem, in centimeters (cm), retain one decimal place, and divide it into:
1) 0.cm is low;
2) 0.5 cm1. 0 cm is medium;
3) 1. 0 cm is high.
A.5.13 Color of the outer skin of young stems
In the middle growth period of cattle, measure the color of the outer skin of young stems 5cm to 10cm away from the centrifugal leaf, whichever appears most frequently, and divide it into the following categories: 1)
light green:
restored green;
silver green:
purple red:
reddish yellow;
light brown;
dark brown;
8) others.
A.5.14 Color of mature main outer skin
Before harvesting, measure the color of the main outer skin at 0cm-20cm above the ground, and divide it into the following categories based on the most common situation: grayish white:
gray green:
reddish brown:
gray yellow;
red;
yellow brown:
dark brown;
others.
Color of mature main inner skin
Before harvesting, scrape the main stem at 1-20cm above the ground and visually measure the color of the inner skin, and divide it into the following categories based on the most common situation: 1)
light green;
green;
dark green:
light red;
purple red;
6)brown,
7)others.
Color of the top unexpanded young leaves
In the middle growth period, the color of the top unexpanded young leaves of the plant is visually measured, and the most common situation is divided into: 1) yellow-green,
light green:
dark green;
purple-green;
purple;
others.
Number of lobes of the top fully expanded leaves
NY/T2446—2013
In the middle growth period, the number of lobes of the top fully expanded leaves of the plant is measured, and the most common situation is used as the basis, and the lobes are divided into: 1) 3-lobed leaves;
2) 5-lobed leaves;
3) 7-lobed leaves:
9-lobed leaves:
others.
Leaf lobes of fully expanded leaves at the top
In the middle growth period, visually inspect the leaf lobes in the middle of fully expanded leaves at the top of the plant and divide them into the following categories based on the most common occurrence: 1) arched;
lanceolate;
elliptical;
obovate-lanceolate,
violin-shaped;
halberd-shaped:
linear;
8) others.
Leaf color of fully expanded leaves at the top
In the middle growth period, visually measure the color of the front side of the leaf lobes of the fully expanded leaves at the top of the plant, based on the most common situation, and divide into: light edge color;
green;
dark green:
purple edge color;
light brown;
brown,
light purple:
purple:
purple-red:
other.
Leaf main vein color of fully expanded leaves at the topIn the middle growth period, visually measure the color of the main vein on the back side of the leaf lobes in the middle of the fully expanded leaves of the plant, based on the most common situation, and divide into: 1) white;
NY/T 2446—2013
light green:
green;
light red:
purple-red
other.
Leaf color of fully expanded leaves
In the middle of growth, measure the petiole color of fully expanded leaves at the top of the plant, and divide it into the following categories based on the most common petioles: 1)
purple-red:
red with green:
red with creamy yellow;
purple;
red;
green with red;
green:
light green:
purple-green;:
others.
Fruit bearing traits
At harvest, observe the overall distribution of fruit bearing on the plant, and divide it into the following categories based on the most common conditions: 1) downward elongated;
2) semi-elongated;
3) irregular.
2 Concentration
When harvesting, observe the concentration and distribution of the tubers, which can be divided into: 1) concentrated,
2) relatively concentrated;
dispersed,
3 Uniformity
When harvesting, observe the uniformity of the tuber shape, size and length, which can be divided into: 1) uniform;
relatively uniform;
3) irregular.
A.6.4 Tuber shape
When harvesting,Observe the shape of the potato tubers, which can be divided into: 1
conical;
cylindrical;
round;
spindle;
irregular.
stalk length
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