Some standard content:
ICS25.120.10
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T1827.1-1999
Air Hammer
Published on 1999-05-14
Technical Conditions
Implemented on 2000-01-01
National Bureau of Machinery Industry
JB/T1827.1—1999
This standard is a revision of JB129482 "Technical Conditions for Air Hammer". The technical content of this standard is basically consistent with that of JB129482, and it has only been re-edited according to relevant regulations. This standard is part of the air hammer series of standards. JB1827, under the general title of "Air Hammer", includes the following parts: Part 1 (i.e. JB/T1827.1-1999): Technical conditions: This standard shall be implemented from January 1, 2000, and this standard shall replace JB129482 from the date of implementation. Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Forging Machinery. The drafting unit of this standard: Jinan No. 8 Machine Tool Factory. The main drafter of this standard: Li Zongxiang.
This standard was first issued in January 1974 and revised for the first time in May 1982. 1 Scope
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical conditions for air hammers
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules for air hammers. This standard applies to air hammers for free forging. 2 Reference standards
JB/T1827.1-1999
Replaces JB1294—82
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T4691983
GB/T 1184—1996
GB/T1801—1979
GB/T 5226.1—1996
GB/T13306—1991
JB/T1827—1991
JB/T18291997
JB/T8356.1—1996
JB9973—1999
3 Technical requirements
Shape and position tolerances without tolerance values
Tolerances and fits Dimensions up to 500 mm Tolerance zones and fits for holes and shafts Industrial machinery and electrical equipment Part 1: General technical conditions Signage
Air hammer parameters
General technical conditions for forging machinery
Technical conditions for machine tool packaging
Noise limits for air hammers
3.1 The air hammer shall comply with the requirements of this standard and be manufactured according to the drawings and technical documents approved through the prescribed procedures. 3.2 Performance, basic parameters and dimensions of air hammer 3.2.1 The basic parameters and dimensions of air hammer shall comply with the requirements of JB/T1827 3.2.2 The deviation of the weight of the falling part shall not exceed +10% of the weight of the falling part (including the weight of the hammer rod, upper block, wedge iron, piston ring, locating pin and other parts connected thereto). 3.2.3 The deviation of the actual number of blows of the hammer head (under the condition that the stroke of the hammer head is not less than 3/4 of the height of the working space) is ±5% of the specified number of blows
3.2.4 The operation of various working specifications must be flexible and reliable, and the hammer should be able to rise to the hanging position when lifting. When the upper anvil is lifted from the lowest position to the hanging position, the number of vibrations for the air hammer ≤750kg shall not exceed four times, and the number of vibrations for the 1000kg air hammer shall not exceed five times. When the hammer head is in the hanging position, the upper anvil surface shall not expose the lead end face. 3.3 Appearance quality
3.3.1 The appearance quality of the air hammer shall meet the requirements of JB/T1829. 3.3.2 After the casting surface is cleaned of molding sand, sticky sand, scars and fleshy parts, use a 500mm ruler to check the flatness of the non-machined surface. The deviation shall not exceed 2.5mm
Approved by the State Machinery Industry Bureau on May 14, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000
JB/T1827.1-1999
3.3.3 After the rust, molding sand and oil stains are removed from the non-machined surface, primer, putty and paint shall be applied according to the surface conditions. The anvil and embedded parts shall only be painted with anti-rust paint, and the riveted parts may not be puttyed. The painting shall meet the requirements of JB/T1829. 3.3.4 The misalignment of the mating surfaces of the working cylinder head, compression cylinder head, valve cover, base and cylinder of the split structure shall not exceed the provisions of Table 1 Table 1
Edge dimensions of the mating surfaces of components
≤500
>500~1250
>1250-3150
Note: Edge dimensions refer to the diameter or the corresponding side length. 3.4 Mass of main parts
3.4.1 Hammer body
Note: The hammer body of the split structure refers to the allowable misalignment of the cylinder and the base
a) The main mechanical properties of the material, the tensile strength shall not be less than 200MPa, the flexural strength shall not be less than 400MPa, and the hardness shall not be less than the provisions of Table 2.
Main wall thickness of casting
>15-50
b) The processing requirements of the inner wall of the cylinder shall not be lower than the 9th grade tolerance specified in GB/T1801, the roundness tolerance value shall not be lower than the 9th grade specified in GB/T1184, and the surface roughness shall not be lower than R1.6μm. c) The inner wall of the cylinder shall not have defects such as pores and sand holes that affect the working performance. 3.4.2 Hammer rod
a) The main mechanical properties of the material: the service point shall not be lower than 360MPa, the tensile strength shall not be lower than 610MPa, and the hardness shall not be lower than 220HB after heat treatment.
b) The processing requirements of the hammer rod guide plane and the outer circle of the rod shall not be lower than the 9th grade tolerance specified in GB/T1801, the roundness tolerance shall not be lower than the 9th grade specified in GB/T1184, the flatness of the two guide planes shall not be lower than the 7th grade, the parallelism shall not be lower than the 7th grade, the symmetry to the axis shall not be lower than the 9th grade, and the surface roughness shall not be lower than R1.6umc) The flatness of the bottom plane of the dovetail groove and the verticality to the axis of the hammer rod shall not be lower than the 7th grade specified in GB/T1184. 3.4.3 Compression piston
a) The main mechanical properties of the material, the tensile strength shall not be lower than 200MPa, the bending strength shall not be lower than 400MPa, and the hardness value shall not be lower than the provisions of Table 2.
b) The processing requirements of the outer circle of the piston rod shall not be lower than the 9th grade tolerance specified in GB/T1801. The surface roughness shall not be lower than R1.6μm. 3.4.4 The piston ring shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 2
3.4.5 Upper and lower anvils
JB/T1827.1-1999
a) The hardness of the working surface of the upper and lower anvils should be within the range of 40~45HRC: b) The parallelism of the upper and lower planes of the upper and lower anvils shall not be lower than Grade 6 specified in GB/T1184: c) The upper and lower anvils shall not have forging and heat treatment defects. 3.4.6 The castings, forgings and weldments of air hammers shall comply with the current standards. If there are no standards, they shall comply with the requirements of the drawings and process documents approved by the prescribed procedures. Important castings, forgings and weldments shall obtain a certificate of conformity. 3.5 Assembly quality
3.5.1 For the split structure hammer body, the gap between the cylinder and the base after the red sleeve (or bolt tightening), shall not be greater than 0.05mm. If the gap between the local contact surfaces is greater than 0.05mm, use a 0.10mm feeler gauge to check, the insertion depth should not exceed 20mm, and the cumulative length should not exceed 1/10 of the circumference of the contact surface. 3.5.2 After the piston ring is installed in the cylinder, it should be in even contact with the cylinder wall. The non-contact surface should not be greater than 1/3 in the height direction, and the local non-contact length in the circumferential direction should not be greater than 1/12 of the circumference, and the cumulative length should not be greater than 1/4 of the circumference. The local gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall should meet the requirements of Table 3.
Weight of the falling part
Gap between the piston ring and the inner wall of the cylinder
≥400
≤010
3.5.3 After the upper anvil wedge is driven in, the local non-contact area should not exceed 10%, and the cumulative non-contact area should not exceed 25%. Or there should be no less than six contact points per 25mm×25mm area. 3.5.4 The meshing of transmission gears shall be uniform, and the contact spot shall not be less than 40% in the tooth height direction and not less than 50% in the tooth width direction. 3.5.5 The axial misalignment of meshing gears shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4
B≤100
3.6 The electrical equipment of the air hammer shall comply with the requirements of GB/T5226.1. 4 Test method
4.1 Before the test, the air hammer should be adjusted to the installation level according to the provisions of Table 5. Axial misalignment
Adjustment items
Horizontal degree of the working surface of the lower brick
Vertical degree of the center line of the cylinder to the horizontal plane
JB/T1827.1-1999
Testing method
Put the frame level on the working surface of the lower anvil and level the lower anvil (the lower anvil, anvil pad and anvil seat are installed together)
First drop the upper anvil onto the leveled
working surface of the lower anvil, and use a feeler gauge to measure the gap of the contact surface (as shown in the figure)
4.2 The test should be carried out under normal voltage and lubrication conditions. 4.3 Operation test
4.3.1 The operation test time shall not be less than 2h. Use a feeler gauge to measure the difference between the maximum and minimum clearances between the guide plate and the guide planes on both sides of the hammer rod (as shown in the figure). Then use a feeler gauge to measure the difference between the maximum and minimum clearances between the guide and the two cylindrical surfaces of the hammer rod. The measurement should be made at 90° to the guide plane (as shown in the figure). The length of 1000 should not be greater than 2/3 of the measured average clearance. 4.3.2 During the operation test time, the continuous stroke time of the hammer head shall not be less than 1.5h, and the stroke shall not be less than 3/4 of the height of the working space. 4.3.3 During the test, all parts shall operate smoothly and there shall be no abnormal screaming. 4.3.4 The seals of the lubrication system and the joint surface shall not leak oil or air. 4.3.5 At the end of the operation test, the temperature of the working cylinder and the compression cylinder shall be measured from the test hole or lubrication hole, and the maximum temperature rise shall not exceed 70℃.
4.3.6After the operation test is completed, the three working specifications of lifting hammer, continuous striking and pressing hammer should be checked. Check whether the operating mechanism is flexible, light and accurate. When performing the above inspections, the operating force of the handle shall not be greater than 50N, and the operating force of the pedal shall not be greater than 80N. 4.3.7 The noise of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of JB9973. The measurement method shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 4.3.8 During continuous (automatic) striking, light striking shall not result in heavy striking. 4
JB/T1827.1-1999
4.3.9After the operation test is completed, remove the cylinder head, hang out the hammer rod and compression piston, and check the cylinder wall, hammer rod, piston and piston ring. There shall be no strain and abnormal wear.
4.4 Impact energy test
4.4.1 The impact energy of the hammer is determined by measuring the speed of the hammer when the distance between the hammer head and the upper and lower anvil surfaces is (0.0053G+3.5) cm.
The impact energy is calculated according to formula (1):
Where: E—impact energy, J
G—actual weight of the falling part, kg:
—speed of the hammer head when it hits hard at the speed measurement position, m/s. 4.4.2 The impact energy of the hammer can also be determined by the method contained in Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). 4.4.3 The impact energy shall not be less than the provisions of JB/T1827. 5 Inspection rules
In order to inspect whether the air hammer meets the requirements of this standard, the following inspection categories are specially specified: acceptance inspection, random inspection, and type test. Each air hammer must be inspected.
For air hammers produced in batches, 20% of the batch must be sampled, but each batch must not contain less than one unit. The first hammer and new products produced due to changes in structure, process, materials and accessories must be type tested. The inspection items of each inspection category of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of Table 6. Table 6
Inspection items
Basic parameters
Main dimensions
Assembly quality
Operation test
Strike energy test
Noise sound pressure level
Main parts quality
Inspection category
Note: “+” indicates that inspection is to be carried out,
6 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
Type test
“_” indicates No inspection
Technical requirements
3.3 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.5 of this standard
3.2.3, 3.24, 43 of this standard
4.4 of this standard
4.3.7 of this standard
3.4 of this standard
6.1 The quality mark and nameplate of the air hammer shall be fixed in a conspicuous position on the hammer body. 6.2 The type and size of the nameplate shall comply with the provisions of GB/T13306. The label should indicate: a) manufacturer's name or trademark;
test method
visual inspection and direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
according to 4.3 of this standard
according to 4.4 of this standard
according to relevant standards
direct measurement
b) factory number:
c) model, specification, name;
d) main parameters and dimensions.
JB/T1827.1-1999
6.3 The packaging of air hammer shall comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T8356.1. 6.4 Each air hammer shall be accompanied by the following technical documents: a) certificate of conformity:
b) packing list:
c) instruction manual.
5 Air hammers should be protected from mechanical damage during transportation. 6.5
Air hammers should be stored in a dry, ventilated and rainproof place. Al
JB/T1827.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Measurement of the striking energy of air hammers by the upsetting lead column method The lead column material should be selected according to the lead No. 1 to No. 4 in GB/T469, and its lead column size and height after one forging must comply with the specifications in Table A1 Table A1
Weight of falling part
Lead column size
Before forging
Lead Column size
Diameter d
Height ho
Height of lead column after first forging h
Strike energy
2The actual strike energy is calculated according to formula (A1): A2
E-Kd3(2.7a+4(a2+at))
Where: E strike energy, J;
K=96J/cm:
Diameter of lead column before strike, am;
Height of lead column before strike, cm;
Height of lead column after first strike, cm.
Mechanical Industry Standard
Technical Conditions for Air Hammer
JB/T1827.11999
Published by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Printed by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing: Postal Code 100044)*
Format 880×1230
Print Sheet 3/4
4Number of Words 16000
First Edition in September 1999
First Printing in September 1999
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 1000 Yuan
99-534
666117816 After the operation test, the three working specifications of lifting hammer, continuous striking and pressing hammer should be checked. Check whether the operating mechanism is flexible, light and accurate. When performing the above inspections, the operating force of the handle shall not be greater than 50N, and the operating force of the pedal shall not be greater than 80N. 4.3.7 The noise of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of JB9973. The measurement method shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 4.3.8 During continuous (automatic) striking, light striking shall not result in heavy striking. 4
JB/T1827.1-1999
4.3.9 After the operation test, remove the cylinder head, hang out the hammer rod and compression piston, check the cylinder wall, hammer rod, piston and piston ring, and there shall be no strain and abnormal wear.
4.4 Impact energy test
4.4.1 The impact energy of the hammer is determined by measuring the speed of the hammer when the distance between the hammer head and the upper and lower anvil surfaces is (0.0053G+3.5) cm.
The impact energy is calculated according to formula (1):
Where: E—impact energy, J
G—actual weight of the falling part, kg:
—speed of the hammer head when it hits hard at the speed measurement position, m/s. 4.4.2 The impact energy of the hammer can also be determined by the method contained in Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). 4.4.3 The impact energy shall not be less than the provisions of JB/T1827. 5 Inspection rules
In order to inspect whether the air hammer meets the requirements of this standard, the following inspection categories are specially specified: acceptance inspection, random inspection, and type test. Each air hammer must be inspected.
For air hammers produced in batches, 20% of the batch must be sampled, but each batch must not contain less than one unit. The first hammer and new products produced due to changes in structure, process, materials and accessories must be type tested. The inspection items of each inspection category of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of Table 6. Table 6
Inspection items
Basic parameters
Main dimensions
Assembly quality
Operation test
Strike energy test
Noise sound pressure level
Main parts quality
Inspection category
Note: “+” indicates that inspection is to be carried out,
6 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
Type test
“_” indicates No inspection
Technical requirements
3.3 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.5 of this standard
3.2.3, 3.24, 43 of this standard
4.4 of this standard
4.3.7 of this standard
3.4 of this standard
6.1 The quality mark and nameplate of the air hammer shall be fixed in a conspicuous position on the hammer body. 6.2 The type and size of the nameplate shall comply with the provisions of GB/T13306. The label should indicate: a) manufacturer's name or trademark;
test method
visual inspection and direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
according to 4.3 of this standard
according to 4.4 of this standard
according to relevant standards
direct measurement
b) factory number:
c) model, specification, name;
d) main parameters and dimensions.
JB/T1827.1-1999
6.3 The packaging of air hammer shall comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T8356.1. 6.4 Each air hammer shall be accompanied by the following technical documents: a) certificate of conformity:
b) packing list:
c) instruction manual.
5 Air hammers should be protected from mechanical damage during transportation. 6.5
Air hammers should be stored in a dry, ventilated and rainproof place. Al
JB/T1827.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Measurement of the striking energy of air hammers by the upsetting lead column method The lead column material should be selected according to the lead No. 1 to No. 4 in GB/T469, and its lead column size and height after one forging must comply with the specifications in Table A1 Table A1
Weight of falling part
Lead column size
Before forging
Lead Column size
Diameter d
Height ho
Height of lead column after first forging h
Strike energy
2The actual strike energy is calculated according to formula (A1): A2
E-Kd3(2.7a+4(a2+at))
Where: E strike energy, J;
K=96J/cm:
Diameter of lead column before strike, am;
Height of lead column before strike, cm;
Height of lead column after first strike, cm.
Mechanical Industry Standard
Technical Conditions for Air Hammer
JB/T1827.11999
Published by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Printed by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing: Postal Code 100044)*
Format 880×1230
Print Sheet 3/4
4Number of Words 16000
First Edition in September 1999
First Printing in September 1999
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 1000 Yuan
99-534
666117816 After the operation test, the three working specifications of lifting hammer, continuous striking and pressing hammer should be checked. Check whether the operating mechanism is flexible, light and accurate. When performing the above inspections, the operating force of the handle shall not be greater than 50N, and the operating force of the pedal shall not be greater than 80N. 4.3.7 The noise of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of JB9973. The measurement method shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 4.3.8 During continuous (automatic) striking, light striking shall not result in heavy striking. 4
JB/T1827.1-1999
4.3.9 After the operation test, disassemble the cylinder head, hang out the hammer rod and compression piston, and check the cylinder wall, hammer rod, piston and piston ring. There shall be no strain and abnormal wear.
4.4 Impact energy test
4.4.1 The impact energy of the hammer is determined by measuring the speed of the hammer when the distance between the hammer head and the anvil surface of the upper and lower anvil blocks is (0.0053G+3.5) cm.
The impact energy is calculated according to formula (1):
Where: E—impact energy, J
G—actual weight of the falling part, kg:
—speed of the hammer head when it hits hard at the speed measurement position, m/s. 4.4.2 The impact energy of the hammer can also be determined by the method contained in Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). 4.4.3 The impact energy shall not be less than the provisions of JB/T1827. 5 Inspection rules
In order to inspect whether the air hammer meets the requirements of this standard, the following inspection categories are specially specified: acceptance inspection, random inspection, and type test. Each air hammer must be inspected.
For air hammers produced in batches, 20% of the batch must be sampled, but each batch must not contain less than one unit. The first hammer and new products produced due to changes in structure, process, materials and accessories must be type tested. The inspection items of each inspection category of the air hammer shall comply with the provisions of Table 6. Table 6
Inspection items
Basic parameters
Main dimensions
Assembly quality
Operation test
Strike energy test
Noise sound pressure level
Main parts quality
Inspection category
Note: “+” indicates that inspection is to be carried out,
6 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
Type test
“_” indicates No inspection
Technical requirements
3.3 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.2 of this standard
3.5 of this standard
3.2.3, 3.24, 43 of this standard
4.4 of this standard
4.3.7 of this standard
3.4 of this standard
6.1 The quality mark and nameplate of the air hammer shall be fixed in a conspicuous position on the hammer body. 6.2 The type and size of the nameplate shall comply with the provisions of GB/T13306. The label should indicate: a) manufacturer's name or trademark;
test method
visual inspection and direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
direct measurement
according to 4.3 of this standard
according to 4.4 of this standard
according to relevant standards
direct measurement
b) factory number: bzxz.net
c) model, specification, name;
d) main parameters and dimensions.
JB/T1827.1-1999
6.3 The packaging of air hammer shall comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T8356.1. 6.4 Each air hammer shall be accompanied by the following technical documents: a) certificate of conformity:
b) packing list:
c) instruction manual.
5 Air hammers should be protected from mechanical damage during transportation. 6.5
Air hammers should be stored in a dry, ventilated and rainproof place. Al
JB/T1827.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Measurement of the striking energy of air hammers by the upsetting lead column method The lead column material should be selected according to the lead No. 1 to No. 4 in GB/T469, and its lead column size and height after one forging must comply with the specifications in Table A1 Table A1
Weight of falling part
Lead column size
Before forging
Lead Column size
Diameter d
Height ho
Height of lead column after first forging h
Strike energy
2The actual strike energy is calculated according to formula (A1): A2
E-Kd3(2.7a+4(a2+at))
Where: E strike energy, J;
K=96J/cm:
Diameter of lead column before strike, am;
Height of lead column before strike, cm;
Height of lead column after first strike, cm.
Mechanical Industry Standard
Technical Conditions for Air Hammer
JB/T1827.11999
Published by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Printed by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing: Postal Code 100044)*
Format 880×1230
Print Sheet 3/4
4Number of Words 16000
First Edition in September 1999
First Printing in September 1999
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 1000 Yuan
99-534
666117814 Each air hammer shall be accompanied by the following technical documents: a) Certificate of Conformity:
b) Packing List:
c) Instruction Manual.
5 Air hammers shall be protected from mechanical damage during transportation. 6.5
Air hammers shall be stored in a dry, ventilated and rainproof place. Al
JB/T1827.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Determination of the striking energy of air hammers by the upsetting lead column method The lead column material shall be selected according to the lead No. 1 to No. 4 in GB/T469, and its lead column size and height after one forging must comply with the specifications in Table A1 Table A1
Weight of falling part
Lead column size
Before forging
Lead Column size
Diameter d
Height ho
Height of lead column after first forging h
Strike energy
2The actual strike energy is calculated according to formula (A1): A2
E-Kd3(2.7a+4(a2+at))
Where: E strike energy, J;
K=96J/cm:
Diameter of lead column before strike, am;
Height of lead column before strike, cm;
Height of lead column after first strike, cm.
Mechanical Industry Standard
Technical Conditions for Air Hammer
JB/T1827.11999
Published by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Printed by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing: Postal Code 100044)*
Format 880×1230
Print Sheet 3/4
4Number of Words 16000
First Edition in September 1999
First Printing in September 1999
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 1000 Yuan
99-534
666117814 Each air hammer shall be accompanied by the following technical documents: a) Certificate of Conformity:
b) Packing List:
c) Instruction Manual.
5 Air hammers shall be protected from mechanical damage during transportation. 6.5
Air hammers shall be stored in a dry, ventilated and rainproof place. Al
JB/T1827.1—1999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Determination of the striking energy of air hammers by the upsetting lead column method The lead column material shall be selected according to the lead No. 1 to No. 4 in GB/T469, and its lead column size and height after one forging must comply with the specifications in Table A1 Table A1
Weight of falling part
Lead column size
Before forging
Lead Column size
Diameter d
Height ho
Height of lead column after first forging h
Strike energy
2The actual strike energy is calculated according to formula (A1): A2
E-Kd3(2.7a+4(a2+at))
Where: E strike energy, J;
K=96J/cm:
Diameter of lead column before strike, am;
Height of lead column before strike, cm;
Height of lead column after first strike, cm.
Mechanical Industry Standard
Technical Conditions for Air Hammer
JB/T1827.11999
Published by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Printed by the Machinery Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (No. 2 Shouti South Road, Beijing: Postal Code 100044)*
Format 880×1230
Print Sheet 3/4
4Number of Words 16000
First Edition in September 1999
First Printing in September 1999
Print Quantity 1-500
Price 1000 Yuan
99-534
66611781
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