SY/T 0536-1994 Determination of salt content in crude oil (coulometric method)
Some standard content:
Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China
Determination of Salt Content in Crude Oil
(Electrical Method)
SY/T 0536-94
(No. 21001-87))
This method is applicable to the determination of crude oil with a salt content of 0.2 to 10,000 mg NaCl/L. It is also applicable to the determination of salt content in heavy oil, oil fields, and refinery water.
1 Method Overview
The principle diagram of this method is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Drying diagram
1-Display unit; 2-Amplifier; 3-Microammeter; 1-Electrolyzer; 5-Electrolyzer cathode; 6-Reference electrode: 7-Indicator electrode: 8-Bias Crude oil is heated in the presence of a polar solvent, and the salt contained in it is extracted with water. After centrifugation, an appropriate extract is extracted with a syringe and injected into an acetic acid electrolyte containing a certain amount of silver ions. The chloride ions in the sample react with the silver ions: CI-+Ag'→+AgCl +
The silver ions consumed in the reaction are replenished by the generating electrode. By measuring the amount of electricity consumed by the electrogenerated silver ions, the salt content of the crude oil can be obtained based on Farafan's law.
2 Instruments and Materials
2.1 Instruments
2.1.1 Salt Content Analyzer: Any instrument with adjustable bias, base attenuation and gain controller, which can measure the potential of the "indicator reference electrode pair", amplify this potential difference, and output the amplified potential difference to the electrolytic electrode pair to produce silver ions can be used. 2.1.1.1 Titration Cell: The structure is shown in Figure 2. It includes indicator-reference electrode to measure the change of silver ion concentration: electrolytic 1-cathode to maintain a constant silver ion concentration in the electrolyte. The indicator electrode is a silver electrode, the reference electrode is a silver-silver acetate electrode, the electrolytic anode is a silver electrode, and the electrolytic cathode is a platinum electrode.
Approved by China Petrochemical Corporation on July 22, 1987 and implemented on August 1, 1988
ZB E 2100187
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of salt-containing base titration cell
1 Electrolytic anode 2. Electrolytic cathode 3-reference electrode 4-measuring electrode 15-reference chamber; 6, 9 ion exchange membrane; 7-stirring bar; 8-anode chamber; 10 cathode chamber 2.1.1.2 Centrifuge: 0-4000 rpm, adjustable. 2.1.1.3 Heater: 70~~80℃, automatic temperature control ±2℃. 2.1.1.4 Recorder: range 1 mV~~2 V , paper speed 4~60 mm/min. 2.1.1.5 Magnetic stirrer: 220 V, 50 Hz. 2.1.1.6 Solution rapid mixer.
2.1.1.7 Simulated Coulomb cell.
2.1.1.8 Electroplating unit.
2.1.1.9 Electroplating cell (see Figure 3).
2.1.2 Centrifuge tube stopper (see Figure 4)
2.1.3 Volumetric flask: 100, 500 and 1000 ml. 2- 1. 4
Injectors: 1, 10, 50, 100 μl and 0.25, 1, 2 and 50 μl.
2.1.6 Pipettes: 1, 2, 5 and 10 ml. 2. 1.7
6-gauge closed needle: 100 mm long.
7-gauge or 9-gauge injection needle: 80 mm long, 2. 1. 8
2.2 Materials
40 mm outside
415 mm inside
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the electroplating bath
2.2.1 Metallographic sandpaper, W7< particle size: 7 μm). ZB E 21001-87
2.2.2 Synthetic diamond paste: Wo.5 or W1. 3 Reagents
All water used in this experiment is deionized water.
3.1 Sodium chloride: high grade or analytical grade.
3.2 Anhydrous calcium chloride (or calcium chloride): analytical grade. 3.3 Anhydrous magnesium chloride (or magnesium chloride): analytical grade. 3.4 Glacial acetic acid: analytical grade.
3.5 Silver acetate: analytical grade.
Xylene: analytical grade.
95% ethanol: analytical grade.
3.8 Methanol: analytical grade.
n-Butanol: analytical grade.
30% hydrogen peroxide: analytical grade.
Acetone: analytical grade.
4 Preparation
External±16.5±0.5
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of centrifuge tube
Preparation of electrolyte: Take 700 ml of glacial acetic acid and 300 liters of water in a 1-liter narrow-necked bottle and mix them evenly for later use. 4.1
4.2 Preparation of alcohol-water solution: Mix 95% ethanol and water in a ratio of 1:3 (volume) for later use. 4.3 Preparation of mixed alcohol solution: Mix sodium chloride: sodium chlorate: water in a ratio of 630+370:3 (volume) and mix well. 4.4 Preparation of mixed salt standard solution:
4.4.1 Sodium chloride standard solution (10 g/L): Weigh 1.0000 g of sodium chloride which has been dried at 125±5°C and cooled to room temperature in a 100 ml beaker, dissolve it in 25 ml water and transfer it quantitatively to a 100 ml volumetric flask, and then dilute it to the scale with the mixed alcohol solution. Shake with a spoon and set aside.
ZBE21001-87
4.4.2 Calcium chloride standard solution (10 g/L): Weigh 1.0000 g of anhydrous calcium chloride (if calcium chloride containing 2 crystal waters is used, 1.3250 g should be taken), dissolve it in 25 ml of water, transfer it quantitatively to a 100 ml volumetric flask, and then dilute it to the scale with a mixed alcohol solution. Shake well and set aside. 4.4.3 Magnesium chloride standard solution (10 g/L): Weigh 1.0000 g of anhydrous magnesium chloride (if calcium chloride containing 6 crystal waters is used, 2.1400 g should be taken), dissolve it in 25 ml of water, transfer it quantitatively to a 100 ml volumetric flask, and then dilute it to the scale with a mixed alcohol solution. Shake well and set aside.
4:4.4 Mixed salt standard solution (concentrated): Take 70 ml of sodium chloride standard solution, 20 ml of calcium chloride standard solution and 10 ml of magnesium chloride standard solution in 4.4.1~4.4.3 respectively and mix them evenly in a 100 ml volumetric flask. The concentration of this solution is equivalent to 10340 mg NaCl/L. Note: If necessary, potassium chromate can be used as an indicator and silver nitrate standard solution can be titrated to determine its exact concentration. Standard solutions of different concentrations can also be prepared according to different proportions according to needs.
4.4.5 Mixed salt standard solution (diluted): Take 1 ml of the mixed salt solution in 4.4.4 in a 100 ml volumetric flask, add 25 ml of water, and then dilute to the mark with mixed alcohol solution. The concentration of this mixed salt standard solution is 103.4 mg NaCl/L. 4.4.6 Mixed salt standard solution (dilute): Take 10 ml of the mixed salt solution in 4 and 4.5 in a 100 ml volumetric flask, add 25 ml of water, and then dilute to the mark with a mixed alcohol solution. The concentration of the mixed salt standard solution is 10.34 mg NaCl/L. 4.4.7 Mixed salt standard solution (dilute): Take 5 liters of the mixed salt standard solution in 4.4.5 in a 500 ml volumetric flask, add 125 ml of water, and then dilute to the mark with a mixed alcohol solution. The concentration of the mixed salt standard solution is 1.034 mg NaCl/L. 4.5 Electrode treatment and electroplating:
4.5.1 The measuring electrode is a silver wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 11 cm. Before use, it is polished with W7 metallographic sandpaper and synthetic diamond grinding paste, then cleaned with water and acetone, and placed in a 10% sodium chloride electroplating solution. Electroplate for 4 minutes at 10 mA, take out and rinse with water, put into 70% acetic acid, and put it in a dark place for later use.
4.5.2 After the reference electrode fails, refer to Appendix A for electrode treatment and electroplating. 4.5.3 The electrolytic cathode is a pin wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a length of 12 cm, which is coiled into a spiral shape and placed in the cathode chamber. 4.5.4 The electrolytic anode is a silver wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 18 cm. Before use, it is treated according to the conditions given in 4.5.1 and electroplated for 10 minutes, and then put into 70% acetic acid solution for later use.
Note: The electroplated electrodes should be stored separately for later use, and pay attention to avoiding light. 4.6 Instrument adjustment:
4.6.1 Connect the salt content meter, simulated coulomb cell and recorder according to the instrument manual. Set the instrument function switch to the "balance" position! Adjust the bias voltage to 270 mV, gain to 1800 times, and range voltage to 1600 ohms. Turn on the power switch, and the digital tube lights up, indicating that the instrument is powered normally. Adjust the bias voltage of the analog cell to "0" indicated on the instrument header, press the "Ding" key, turn on the recorder, select the 1 mV range, and select 4 m/min for the speed to balance the instrument. After the recorder baseline is straightened for 3-4 minutes, change the bias voltage of the analog cell by 12 mV. The recorder should respond and reach equilibrium again. After a few minutes, change the bias voltage of the analog cell by 12 volts, and the recorder will respond and balance again. Repeat this 3-5 times, and a trapezoidal peak will appear on the recorder, indicating that the instrument is normal, 4.6.2 Inject 60 ml of electrolyte into the anode chamber and 35 ml of electrolyte into the cathode chamber respectively. Place the full titration cell in the center of the stirrer platform, turn on the stirrer power, and adjust the stirring speed to make the electrolyte produce a slight vortex. 4.6.3 Connect the connection line between the titration cell and the instrument according to the instrument manual, turn on the instrument power, adjust the instrument to the working state according to the conditions recommended in Table 1, and after the recorded baseline is straight, the sample analysis can be carried out. Table 1 Recommended operating conditions for the salt content tester Working state
Bias voltage, mV
Integrating resistance, ohm
Press the "Work" key
240--270
1500~2100
20-2:100
ZBE 21001-B7
4.7 Instrument calibration:
4.7.1 Select a standard sample with a salt content similar to that of the sample to be tested, draw 10~250 microliters with a syringe, and inject it into the electrolyte of the titration cell in a balanced state through the titration cell injection port. The instrument will automatically perform electrolysis, and automatically stop titration at the end point, and the recording instrument will display the number. 4.7.2 Before each measurement, measure the yield C (Xing) by injecting the standard sample to determine whether the instrument is working normally. a. The salt content Xi of the standard sample (mg NaCl/L) is calculated according to the formula (1): Ax100
X,=RX2.722XV,X0.606
wherein: A-digits displayed on the integrator, each digit is equivalent to 100 microvolts·seconds, 2.722-equivalent to the amount of electricity consumed by 1 nanogram of chlorine, microcoulomb; V-volume of the injected standard sample, microliter;
0.606-conversion coefficient
R-integrating resistance, ohm,
recovery rate C (%) is calculated according to the formula (2):
wherein, X,-measured value of the salt content of the standard sample, mg NaCl/L; X.-theoretical value of the salt content of the standard sample, mg NaCl/L. When the determined standard sample recovery rate is within the range of 100 ± 10%, the instrument is considered to be in normal working condition. 5 Test steps
(2)
5-1 Heat the sample bottle containing crude oil to 50-70℃, and then shake it vigorously to mix the sample thoroughly. If the sample bottle is too large to be heated or shaken, the sample can be transferred to a 100 ml beaker and heated to melt, and then the glass rod is closed and vigorously stirred to make the sample uniform. Quickly weigh about 1 gram (weighed to 0.01 gram) of the sample into a centrifuge tube, add 1.5 ml of methanol, 2 ml of alcohol-water solution and 1 drop of 30% hydrogen peroxide. Note: For crude oil without sulfide interference, 30% hydrogen peroxide can be omitted. 5.2 Place the centrifuge tube in a water bath controlled at 70~80℃ and heat for 1 minute. After taking it out, vibrate and mix it with a fast mixer for 1 minute, heat it for 1 minute, and vibrate and mix it for 1 minute. Then put it in a centrifuge and centrifuge it at 2000~3000 rpm for 12 minutes to separate the water. 5.3 Insert the No. 6 closed injection needle through the oil layer into the centrifuge tube, and use a syringe with air to discharge the oil in the No. 6 needle. Then take a small amount of extract to rinse the syringe 23 times (the No. 6 needle remains in the centrifuge tube), refer to the data in 2, extract an appropriate amount of extract, use a No. 7 or No. 9 needle to inject it into the titration pool through the sample inlet, and the instrument will automatically start the titration until the end point, and the instrument will automatically stop the titration. Record the number displayed by the instrument.
Table 2 Relationship between sample salt content and extraction volume Calculated salt content mg NaCl/L
10~100
100~~1000
6 Calculation
Sample salt content X (mg NaCl/L) is calculated according to formula (3): Extraction volume, μL
500~100
100~10
ZB E21001—87
AV*p×100
Xx=Rx2. 722xV,mX0. 606
Wherein: A--digits displayed on the integrator, each number is equivalent to 100 microvolts·seconds; V.--the total amount of the extracting solution (alcohol-water solution) used to extract the salt, milliliters; the density of the sample at 20°C, grams/cm"; R-
integrating resistance, ohms;
equivalent to the amount of electricity consumed by 1 nanogram of chlorine, microcoulombs; V--volume of the extracting solution used in the test, liters;
sample volume, grams;
0, 606—Conversion factor.
Precision
Judge the reliability of the test results (95% confidence level) according to the following provisions. 7.1 Repeatability: The difference between two results measured repeatedly by the same operator should not exceed the value in Table 3. 7.2 Reproducibility: The difference between two experimental results should not exceed the value in Table 3. Table 3
Salt content
210~-10000
B Report
10% of the average value
Take the arithmetic mean of the two repeated results as the salt content of the sample. mg NaCl/L
Reproducibility (R)
20% of the average value
A1 Preparation of silver plating solution
ZB E 21001—87
Appendix A
Treatment and electroplating method of the whole electrode
(reference)
Weigh 4 grams of potassium carbonate and 4 grams of silver cyanide in a 100 ml beaker, add a small amount of water to dissolve, take 6 grams of potassium carbonate in another 100 ml beaker, dissolve it with a small amount of water and pour it into the beaker containing potassium carbonate and silver cyanide. After it is completely dissolved, transfer it to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it well and set it aside. If floccules appear in the solution, filter it with fast filter paper to remove it. A2 Electrode treatment
The electrode is first rubbed with W7 metallographic sandpaper and Taiwan diamond Polish with grinding paste. Then wash with water and acetone for later use. A3 Electrode plating
Put the treated electrode into the silver plating bath and electroplate with 2 mA current for 15 minutes. When the electrode is plated, take it out, rinse it with water, and put it into the reference room containing saturated silver acetate solution or 70% acetic acid for later use. A4 Precautions
A4.1 Silver plating solution is a highly toxic solution containing potassium hydride and silver cyanide. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety during preparation and use. The cutting operation should be carried out in a fume hood, and masks and medical latex gloves should be worn. When there is a break in the upper skin, the plating solution and electroplating operation shall not be prepared or contacted.
A4.2 All waste solutions containing silver plating solution, such as waste liquid from washing electrodes and washing blood, should be collected in special containers, treated with excessive ferrous sulfate, and then discharged to the designated location. A4.3 The treated waste plating solution is strictly controlled to avoid contact with strong to avoid treatment failure. Additional Notes:
This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Xiongyou Petrochemical Science Research Institute. This standard was drafted by the Petrochemical Science Research Institute, and the main drafter of this standard was Wei Yueping.——Measured value of standard sample salt content, mg NaCl/L; X. ——Theoretical value of standard sample salt content, mg NaCl/L. When the measured standard sample recovery rate is within the range of 100 ± 10%, the instrument is considered to be in normal working condition. 5 Test steps
(2)
5-1 Heat the sample bottle containing crude oil to 50-70℃, and then shake it vigorously to mix the sample thoroughly. If the sample bottle is too large to be heated or shaken, the sample can be transferred to a 100 ml beaker and heated to melt, then the glass rod is closed and vigorously stirred to make the sample uniform, and about 1 gram (weighed to 0.01 gram) of the sample is quickly weighed into a centrifuge tube, and 1.5 ml of methanol, 2 ml of alcohol-water solution and 1 drop of 30% hydrogen peroxide are added. Note: For crude oil without sulfide interference, 30% hydrogen peroxide can be omitted. 5.2 Place the centrifuge tube in a water bath controlled at 70~80℃ and heat for 1 minute. After taking it out, vibrate and mix it with a fast mixer for 1 minute, heat it for 1 minute, and vibrate and mix it for 1 minute. Then put it in a centrifuge and centrifuge it at 2000~3000 rpm for 12 minutes to separate the water. 5.3 Insert the No. 6 closed injection needle through the oil layer into the centrifuge tube, and use a syringe with air to discharge the oil in the No. 6 needle. Then take a small amount of extract to rinse the syringe 23 times (the No. 6 needle remains in the centrifuge tube), refer to the data in 2, extract an appropriate amount of extract, use a No. 7 or No. 9 needle to inject it into the titration pool through the sample inlet, and the instrument will automatically start the titration until the end point, and the instrument will automatically stop the titration. Record the number displayed by the instrument.
Table 2 Relationship between sample salt content and extraction volume Calculated salt content mg NaCl/L
10~100
100~~1000
6 Calculation
Sample salt content X (mg NaCl/L) is calculated according to formula (3): Extraction volume, μL
500~100
100~10
ZB E21001—87
AV*p×100
Xx=Rx2. 722xV,mX0. 606
Wherein: A--digits displayed on the integrator, each number is equivalent to 100 microvolts·seconds; V.--the total amount of the extracting solution (alcohol-water solution) used to extract the salt, milliliters; the density of the sample at 20°C, grams/cm"; R-
integrating resistance, ohms;
equivalent to the amount of electricity consumed by 1 nanogram of chlorine, microcoulombs; V--volume of the extracting solution used in the test, liters;
sample volume, grams;
0, 606—Conversion factor.
Precision
Judge the reliability of the test results (95% confidence level) according to the following provisions. 7.1 Repeatability: The difference between two results measured repeatedly by the same operator should not exceed the value in Table 3. 7.2 Reproducibility: The difference between two experimental results should not exceed the value in Table 3. Table 3
Salt content
210~-10000
B Report
10% of the average value
Take the arithmetic mean of the two repeated results as the salt content of the sample. mg NaCl/L
Reproducibility (R)
20% of the average value
A1 Preparation of silver plating solution
ZB E 21001—87
Appendix A
Treatment and electroplating method of the whole electrode
(reference)
Weigh 4 grams of potassium carbonate and 4 grams of silver cyanide in a 100 ml beaker, add a small amount of water to dissolve, take 6 grams of potassium carbonate in another 100 ml beaker, dissolve it with a small amount of water and pour it into the beaker containing potassium carbonate and silver cyanide. After it is completely dissolved, transfer it to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it well and set it aside. If floccules appear in the solution, filter it with fast filter paper to remove it. A2 Electrode treatment
The electrode is first rubbed with W7 metallographic sandpaper and Taiwan diamond Polish with grinding paste. Then wash with water and acetone for later use. A3 Electrode plating
Put the treated electrode into the silver plating bath and electroplate with 2 mA current for 15 minutes. When the electrode is plated, take it out, rinse it with water, and put it into the reference room containing saturated silver acetate solution or 70% acetic acid for later use. A4 Precautions
A4.1 Silver plating solution is a highly toxic solution containing potassium hydride and silver cyanide. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety during preparation and use. The cutting operation should be carried out in a fume hood, and masks and medical latex gloves should be worn. When there is a break in the upper skin, the plating solution and electroplating operation shall not be prepared or contacted.
A4.2 All waste solutions containing silver plating solution, such as waste liquid from washing electrodes and washing blood, should be collected in special containers, treated with excessive ferrous sulfate, and then discharged to the designated location. A4.3 The treated waste plating solution is strictly controlled to avoid contact with strong to avoid treatment failure. Additional Notes:
This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Xiongyou Petrochemical Science Research Institute. This standard was drafted by the Petrochemical Science Research Institute, and the main drafter of this standard was Wei Yueping.——Measured value of standard sample salt content, mg NaCl/L; X. ——Theoretical value of standard sample salt content, mg NaCl/L. When the measured standard sample recovery rate is within the range of 100 ± 10%, the instrument is considered to be in normal working condition. 5 Test steps
(2)
5-1 Heat the sample bottle containing crude oil to 50-70℃, and then shake it vigorously to mix the sample thoroughly. If the sample bottle is too large to be heated or shaken, the sample can be transferred to a 100 ml beaker and heated to melt, then the glass rod is closed and vigorously stirred to make the sample uniform, and about 1 gram (weighed to 0.01 gram) of the sample is quickly weighed into a centrifuge tube, and 1.5 ml of methanol, 2 ml of alcohol-water solution and 1 drop of 30% hydrogen peroxide are added. Note: For crude oil without sulfide interference, 30% hydrogen peroxide can be omitted. 5.2 Place the centrifuge tube in a water bath controlled at 70~80℃ and heat for 1 minute. After taking it out, vibrate and mix it with a fast mixer for 1 minute, heat it for 1 minute, and vibrate and mix it for 1 minute. Then put it in a centrifuge and centrifuge it at 2000~3000 rpm for 12 minutes to separate the water. 5.3 Insert the No. 6 closed injection needle through the oil layer into the centrifuge tube, and use a syringe with air to discharge the oil in the No. 6 needle. Then take a small amount of extract to rinse the syringe 23 times (the No. 6 needle remains in the centrifuge tube), refer to the data in 2, extract an appropriate amount of extract, use a No. 7 or No. 9 needle to inject it into the titration pool through the sample inlet, and the instrument will automatically start the titration until the end point, and the instrument will automatically stop the titration. Record the number displayed by the instrument.
Table 2 Relationship between sample salt content and extraction volume Calculated salt content mg NaCl/L
10~100
100~~1000
6 Calculation
Sample salt content X (mg NaCl/L) is calculated according to formula (3): Extraction volume, μL
500~100
100~10
ZB E21001—87
AV*p×100
Xx=Rx2. 722xV,mX0. 606bzxZ.net
Wherein: A--digits displayed on the integrator, each number is equivalent to 100 microvolts·seconds; V.--the total amount of the extracting solution (alcohol-water solution) used to extract the salt, milliliters; the density of the sample at 20°C, grams/cm"; R-
integrating resistance, ohms;
equivalent to the amount of electricity consumed by 1 nanogram of chlorine, microcoulombs; V--volume of the extracting solution used in the test, liters;
sample volume, grams;
0, 606—Conversion factor.
Precision
Judge the reliability of the test results (95% confidence level) according to the following provisions. 7.1 Repeatability: The difference between two results measured repeatedly by the same operator should not exceed the value in Table 3. 7.2 Reproducibility: The difference between two experimental results should not exceed the value in Table 3. Table 3
Salt content
210~-10000
B Report
10% of the average value
Take the arithmetic mean of the two repeated results as the salt content of the sample. mg NaCl/L
Reproducibility (R)
20% of the average value
A1 Preparation of silver plating solution
ZB E 21001—87
Appendix A
Treatment and electroplating method of the whole electrode
(reference)
Weigh 4 grams of potassium carbonate and 4 grams of silver cyanide in a 100 ml beaker, add a small amount of water to dissolve, take 6 grams of potassium carbonate in another 100 ml beaker, dissolve it with a small amount of water and pour it into the beaker containing potassium carbonate and silver cyanide. After it is completely dissolved, transfer it to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it well and set it aside. If floccules appear in the solution, filter it with fast filter paper to remove it. A2 Electrode treatment
The electrode is first rubbed with W7 metallographic sandpaper and Taiwan diamond Polish with grinding paste. Then wash with water and acetone for later use. A3 Electrode plating
Put the treated electrode into the silver plating bath and electroplate with 2 mA current for 15 minutes. When the electrode is plated, take it out, rinse it with water, and put it into the reference room containing saturated silver acetate solution or 70% acetic acid for later use. A4 Precautions
A4.1 Silver plating solution is a highly toxic solution containing potassium hydride and silver cyanide. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety during preparation and use. The cutting operation should be carried out in a fume hood, and masks and medical latex gloves should be worn. When there is a break in the upper skin, the plating solution and electroplating operation shall not be prepared or contacted.
A4.2 All waste solutions containing silver plating solution, such as waste liquid from washing electrodes and washing blood, should be collected in special containers, treated with excessive ferrous sulfate, and then discharged to the designated location. A4.3 The treated waste plating solution is strictly controlled to avoid contact with strong to avoid treatment failure. Additional Notes:
This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Xiongyou Petrochemical Science Research Institute. This standard was drafted by the Petrochemical Science Research Institute, and the main drafter of this standard was Wei Yueping.1 Silver plating solution is a highly toxic solution containing potassium cyanide and silver cyanide. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety during preparation and use. Cutting operations should be carried out in a fume hood, and masks and medical latex gloves should be worn. When there is a cut on the skin, it is not allowed to prepare and contact the plating solution or perform plating operations.
A4.2 All waste solutions containing silver plating solution, such as waste solutions from washing electrodes and washing blood, should be collected in special containers, treated with excessive ferrous sulfate, and then discharged to designated locations. A4.3 The treated waste plating solution is strictly controlled to avoid contact with strong ferrous sulfate to avoid treatment failure. Additional notes:
This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Research Institute. This standard was drafted by the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Research Institute, and the main drafter of this standard was Wei Yueping.1 Silver plating solution is a highly toxic solution containing potassium cyanide and silver cyanide. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety during preparation and use. Cutting operations should be carried out in a fume hood, and masks and medical latex gloves should be worn. When there is a cut on the skin, it is not allowed to prepare and contact the plating solution or perform plating operations.
A4.2 All waste solutions containing silver plating solution, such as waste solutions from washing electrodes and washing blood, should be collected in special containers, treated with excessive ferrous sulfate, and then discharged to designated locations. A4.3 The treated waste plating solution is strictly controlled to avoid contact with strong ferrous sulfate to avoid treatment failure. Additional notes:
This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Research Institute. This standard was drafted by the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Research Institute, and the main drafter of this standard was Wei Yueping.
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