Some standard content:
Chemical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
HG/T245193
Equipment Anticorrosion Rubber Lining
Published on 1993-07-08
Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China
: Implementation on 1994-07-01
Chemical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Equipment Anticorrosion Rubber Lining
Subject Content and Scope of Application
HG/T2451-93
Replaces HG4-541-67
This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of equipment anticorrosion rubber lining.
This standard applies to rubber linings (hereinafter referred to as linings) of natural rubber or synthetic rubber sheets attached to village equipment made of carbon steel or cast iron. The lining is mainly used to prevent medium corrosion. 2 Reference standards
GB8923 Surface rust grade and rust removal grade of steel before painting GB/T5575 Unvulcanized rubber sheets for chemical equipment lining GB/T6031 Determination of international hardness of vulcanized rubber (30~85IRHD) Conventional test method GB/T7760 Determination of adhesion between vulcanized rubber and metal - Single plate method GB/T11211 Determination of adhesion strength between vulcanized rubber and metal - Tensile method 3 Classification
Linings are divided into hard rubber linings and soft rubber linings according to the hardness of the vulcanized rubber sheets. The hardness range is shown in Table 1. Table 1
Hard rubber
Shore A type
Hardness,
Shore D type
Note: During arbitration, the hardness of soft rubber lining is measured by GB/T6031 method 4 Technical requirements
4.1 Lined equipment
4.1.1 The design of the lined equipment should be convenient for equipment manufacturing, lining construction and inspection. 4.1.2 The rigidity of the lined equipment should ensure that it will not deform during construction and use. 4.1.3 All processing and testing of the lined equipment should be carried out before lining construction. 4.1.4 When designing the lined equipment, allowance should be made for the thickness of the village. 4.1.5 Other requirements should comply with the provisions of Appendix A. 4.2 Materials
4.2.1 The performance of the rubber material of the lining rubber sheet should comply with the provisions of GB/T5575 or relevant rubber sheet standards. Soft rubber
4.2.2 Except for special rubber sheets, the rubber sheet should be able to withstand the voltage corresponding to the spark length greater than 4 times the thickness of the tested rubber sheet but not exceeding 32mm approved by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China on July 8, 1993 and implemented on July 1, 1994 in a short time.
4.3 Adhesion
HG/T2451-93
The bonding strength between the rubber sheet and the backing substrate (carbon steel) shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. Table 2
Vulcanization method
Vulcanization
Hot water or normal pressure steam vulcanization
Natural vulcanization
4.4 Integrity
Hard rubber
(Tear off strength)
Not less than
Pinholes, cracks and other similar defects are not allowed in the lining layer and joints. 4.5 Appearance quality
Soft rubber
(90° peel strength)
Not less than
4.5.1 The lining joints shall be straight, without mechanical damage, impurities, wrinkles, joint detachment, delamination of the rubber sheet and the substrate, etc. The lining surface is not allowed to have dents with a depth greater than 0.5mm and marks produced by forming roller pressing. 4.5.2 For lining equipment working at normal pressure or under positive pressure, there shall be no more than one bubble no larger than 20mm2 and no higher than 2mm per 1m2 of lining surface.
4.5.3 For rotating parts or lining equipment working at negative pressure, bubbles are not allowed on the working surface, and non-working surfaces shall comply with the requirements of 4.5.2.
4.5.4 The rubber and metal are not allowed to separate at the flange edge. 4.5.5 Defects beyond the allowable range are allowed to be repaired under the premise of ensuring the quality of use. After repair, an integrity test should be carried out. 4.6 Special requirements shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties.
5 Test method
5.1 The performance test of the rubber material used for rubber sheets shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T5575 or the methods specified for relevant rubber sheets. 5.2 Rubber sheet voltage resistance test
The tested rubber material shall be made into a 3mm thick rubber sheet, and the spark length shall be adjusted to 15mm for scanning inspection according to the method in Appendix B. No violent sparks should be generated between the probe and the rubber sheet.
5.3 The peeling strength test of the hard rubber and metal shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T11211.5.4 The peeling strength test of the soft rubber and metal shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T7760.5.5 See Appendix B for the integrity test method.
5.6 The appearance quality of the lining shall be inspected by visual inspection, hammering method and corresponding measuring tools.6 Inspection rules
6.1 Factory inspection
6.1.1 The items of factory inspection are: rubber sheet performance, rubber sheet and metal bonding performance, integrity and appearance quality. 6.1.2 For the rubber sheet performance and rubber sheet and metal bonding performance tests, each batch of materials shall be taken as a batch, and samples shall be taken for testing. If any item of all items fails, double samples shall be taken for retest of the item. If it still fails after the retest, the batch of rubber materials shall be unqualified. 2
6.1.3 The integrity and appearance quality shall be 100% inspected. 6.2 Type inspection
HG/T2451-93
6.2.1 The type inspection items include all the performance specified in this standard. 6.2.2 The type inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB1.3. The rubber plate voltage resistance test shall be inspected at least once every quarter. 7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
1.1 Marking
7.1.1 For lined equipment with a diameter greater than 500mm, there shall be a certificate of conformity on the lining. The certificate of conformity shall be pasted straight, firmly and corrosion-resistant. The certificate of conformity shall indicate: the name of the manufacturer, the product number, and shall be accompanied by a product certificate of conformity. 7.1.2 For lining products such as pipes and fittings, the product delivery batch is the batch, and each batch shall be accompanied by a product certificate of conformity. 7.1.3 The certificate of conformity shall indicate: manufacturer name, product name, main performance indicators, inspection stamp, product standard number. 7.2 Packaging
All pipe openings, manholes and other openings should be protected with appropriate materials to prevent mechanical damage. The packaging form shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer.
7.3 Transportation and storage
7.3.1 During transportation and storage, the lining surface of the lining product shall be kept clean, prevented from rain and snow, direct sunlight, and avoid contact with organic solvents or other substances that may damage the lining quality, and kept at least 1m away from heat sources. 7.3.2 During transportation and storage, the lining product shall be prevented from violent movement and mechanical damage. The lining should avoid bearing local loads. The position of the hanging earrings should be appropriate to prevent the chain and other tools from damaging the lining. 7.3.3 Lining products should be purchased and stored in a ventilated warehouse at 0~40. 7.3.4 Under the storage conditions of 7.3.1, 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 of this standard, the performance of the lining products shall comply with the relevant provisions of this standard within 12 months from the date of manufacture. HG/T2451-93
Appendix A
Design and manufacturing requirements for lined equipment
(Supplement)
A1 The surface of the lined equipment should be smoothly transitioned, and the arc radius of the shuttle angle and edge should not be less than 5mm, and special requirements should not be less than 3mm. A2 The lined equipment should not be connected by rivets, bolts, or threads. For special requirements, countersunk rivets can be used. A3 At least two manholes should be set up in the closed container, and the diameter of the manhole should not be less than 450mm. A4 The equipment cannot be directly heated from the outside. The spray pipe and heating device in the equipment should be no less than 100mm away from the lining. The medium introduced by the spray pipe and
duct cannot directly flush the lining. A5 Piping should be easy to construct. Branch pipes and connecting pipes should be as short as possible. The pipe ends can be designed as welding flanges or slip-on flanges. See Figure A1a)(d) for reasonable pipeline structure.
Figure A1 Pipeline Structure
A6 The diameter of the lined pipe should be no less than 25mm. When the pipe diameter is less than 450mm, seamless steel pipes should be used. The dimensions of the lined pipe fittings are shown in Figure A2 and Table A1.
Nominal diameter
HG/T2451—93
Straight pipe length
≤1000
≤500
≤2000
≤120
≤140
≤160
<190
≤250
≤290
A7 The bending radius of the elbow and bend shall not be less than 3.5 times the nominal diameter, the bending angle shall not be less than 90°, and bending is only allowed in one plane.
A8 The welding process shall avoid the formation of pores on the lining side, and non-continuous welding and lap welding shall not be used. The welding structure is shown in Figure A3, a typical welding profile.
(a,）Smooth weld
(a,) Smooth weld
(a) Smooth convex weld
Smooth concave weld
HG/T 2451-93
Vent hole
Vent hole
Vent hole
HG/T2451—93
Vent hole
Figure A3 Typical welding cross-section
Vent hole
A9 The welding surface should be smooth and the weld height should not exceed 3mm. The weld should not have defects such as undercut, cracks, pores, surface holes, weld bumps, incomplete penetration, etc.
A10 The weld should not be repaired with resin, putty, low melting point brazing and copper welding A11 The surface of cast iron equipment should be smooth, dense, and free of defects such as slag, molding sand, slag inclusions, shrinkage cavities, scars, cracks, bubbles, burrs, etc. Appendix B
Rubber lining integrity test
(supplement)
B1 Principle
Use high-frequency voltage to break down the pinholes or cracks The principle of generating electric sparks by gas, detect the integrity of rubber lining, B2 InstrumentWww.bzxZ.net
B2.1 High-frequency spark detector with a range of 10-60kV or a tester with equivalent functions, B2.2 The output voltage and pulse repetition frequency of the instrument are at least stable within ±10%, B2.3 The safety of the instrument should ensure that it will not cause danger when the human body accidentally touches the probe part, B2.4 The detector with defect alarm function can improve efficiency and reduce missed detection. It is recommended to use such an instrument. B3 Steps
HG/T2451-93
B3.1 Selection of detection voltage
B3.1.1 The detector without output voltage display can adjust the voltage according to the spark length: Place the detector probe above the exposed metal of the equipment, so that the distance between the probe and the exposed metal is 2-3mm longer than the length of any bevel joint groove in the lining layer, and adjust the voltage until sparks are generated in the gap.
Note: There are many factors affecting the voltage adjustment according to the spark length, which is not easy to implement during actual detection. It should be gradually transitioned to direct voltage selection. B3.1.2 Use a detector with an output voltage display. The corresponding voltage can be determined through experiments. The detection voltage can be directly selected according to the relationship between the voltage and the thickness of the lining layer.
B3.2 Selection of detection electrodes
The detection electrode should be made of @1.5~2.0mm metal wire. When detecting a small lining area, joints and complex shapes, a straight electrode should be selected; when the detection area is large and regular, an L-shaped electrode can be used. The length of the contact between the electrode and the lining layer should not exceed 150mm
B3.3 Detection
The lining should be kept clean and dry before detection. Scan the detection probe adjusted according to B3.1 at a speed of no more than 100mm/s on the lining surface and joints. During the test, the probe should not stay in any position for too long. B4 Result evaluation
4.1 During the test, if there is a violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that there is a pinhole defect. B4.2 During the test, if there is no violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that the lining is intact. Appendix
Rubber lining process requirements
(reference)
C1 Surface treatment of lined equipment
C1.1 Surface treatment should be carried out before the lining of the lined equipment is constructed. After surface treatment, it should meet the Sa2 grade requirements in GB8923. C1.2 After surface treatment, the surface dust and residue should be removed in time, and the base adhesive should be applied. If rust appears on the lined surface before the base adhesive is applied, it should be re-processed according to the requirements of B1.1. C2 Rubber sheet thickness
The tolerance of rubber sheet thickness is ±10% of the nominal thickness of the rubber sheet. C3 Vulcanization degree
The vulcanization degree of the lining is determined by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point. The measured hardness value should be within the range specified by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point.
C4 Joint
C4.1 The overlapping edge of the rubber sheet should be cut into a groove, and the groove width should be greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet. C4.2 The form and requirements of rubber sheet joints shall be in accordance with Figure C1 and Table C1. Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
HG/T2451-93
Figure C1 Typical joint of rubber lining
1—Rubber; 2—Substrate; 3 Rubber sheet:
4—Total bonding length not exceeding 32mm
Cut-type bevel joint
Straight bevel joint
Strip joint
Multi-layer joint
HG/T2451-93
Form and requirements of rubber sheet joints|| tt||According to Figure 4 (a), the overlap width is greater than 4 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (a) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (b), the overlap width is greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (b') are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (c), the bevel joint of the bottom rubber sheet is first tested for integrity, and then the cover strip is centered on the lower bevel joint. The thickness of the cover strip can be less than the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (c) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (d), multi-layer bevel joints, the joints of adjacent layers are staggered, and the defects of Figure 4 (d) are not allowed. C4.3 The overlap direction of the joint is in the same direction as the flow direction of the medium or the rotation direction of the equipment. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Rubber Products Factory No. 4 and Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Haiyan, Zhang Bo, Lu Wenjing, and Cheng Guanglai. This standard refers to the British Standard BS6374, Pt5--1985 "Rubber Lining Specification" 10
People's Republic of China
Chemical Industry Standard
Equipment Anti-corrosion Rubber Lining
HG/T2451-93
Editor Chemical Industry Standard Editorial Department
(Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry)
Postal Code: 100013
Indian Drama Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry
Copyright is exclusive and may not be reproduced
Format 880×12301/16 Number of words on a sheet 20000 First edition in November 1993
First printing in November 1993
Number of copies 1-500
HG/T2451-931 During the test, if there is a violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that there is a pinhole defect. B4.2 During the test, if there is no violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that the lining is intact. Appendix
Rubber lining process requirements
(reference)
C1 Surface treatment of lined equipment
C1.1 The surface of the lined equipment should be treated before the lining is constructed. After the surface treatment, it should meet the Sa2 grade requirements in GB8923. C1.2 After the surface treatment, the dust and residue on the surface should be removed in time, and the bottom adhesive should be applied. If rust appears on the lined surface before the bottom adhesive is applied, it should be re-processed according to the requirements of B1.1. C2 Rubber sheet thickness
The rubber sheet thickness tolerance is ±10% of the nominal thickness of the rubber sheet. C3 Vulcanization degree
The vulcanization degree of the lining is determined by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point. The measured hardness value should be within the range specified by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point.
C4 Joint
C4.1 The overlapping edge of the rubber sheet should be cut into a groove, and the groove width should be greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet. C4.2 The form and requirements of the rubber sheet joint should be in accordance with Figure C1 and Table C1. Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
HG/T2451-93
Figure C1 Typical joint of rubber lining
1—Rubber; 2—Substrate; 3 Rubber sheet:
4—Total bonding length not exceeding 32mm
Cross-type bevel joint
Straight bevel joint
Strip joint
Multi-layer joint
HG/T2451-93
Form and requirements of rubber sheet joint|| tt||According to Figure 4 (a), the overlap width is greater than 4 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (a) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (b), the overlap width is greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (b') are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (c), the bevel joint of the bottom rubber sheet is first tested for integrity, and then the cover strip is centered on the lower bevel joint. The thickness of the cover strip can be less than the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (c) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (d), multi-layer bevel joints, the joints of adjacent layers are staggered, and the defects of Figure 4 (d) are not allowed. C4.3 The overlap direction of the joint is in the same direction as the flow direction of the medium or the rotation direction of the equipment. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Rubber Products Factory No. 4 and Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Haiyan, Zhang Bo, Lu Wenjing, and Cheng Guanglai. This standard refers to the British standard BS6374, Pt5--1985 "Rubber Lining Specification" 10
People's Republic of China
Chemical Industry Standard
Equipment Anti-corrosion Rubber Lining
HG/T2451-93
Editor Chemical Industry Standard Editorial Department
(Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry)
Postal Code: 100013
Indian Drama Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry
Copyright is exclusive and may not be reproduced
Format 880×12301/16 Printing Sheet Word Count 20000 First Edition November 1993
First Printing November 1993
Print Count 1-500
HG/T2451-931 During the test, if there is a violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that there is a pinhole defect. B4.2 During the test, if there is no violent spark between the probe and the lining, it is considered that the lining is intact. Appendix
Rubber lining process requirements
(reference)
C1 Surface treatment of lined equipment
C1.1 The surface of the lined equipment should be treated before the lining is constructed. After the surface treatment, it should meet the Sa2 grade requirements in GB8923. C1.2 After the surface treatment, the dust and residue on the surface should be removed in time, and the bottom adhesive should be applied. If rust appears on the lined surface before the bottom adhesive is applied, it should be re-processed according to the requirements of B1.1. C2 Rubber sheet thickness
The rubber sheet thickness tolerance is ±10% of the nominal thickness of the rubber sheet. C3 Vulcanization degree
The vulcanization degree of the lining is determined by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point. The measured hardness value should be within the range specified by the hardness value of the rubber sheet at the positive vulcanization point.
C4 Joint
C4.1 The overlapping edge of the rubber sheet should be cut into a groove, and the groove width should be greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet. C4.2 The form and requirements of the rubber sheet joint should be in accordance with Figure C1 and Table C1. Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
Medium flow direction
HG/T2451-93
Figure C1 Typical joint of rubber lining
1—Rubber; 2—Substrate; 3 Rubber sheet:
4—Total bonding length not exceeding 32mm
Cross-type bevel joint
Straight bevel joint
Strip joint
Multi-layer joint
HG/T2451-93
Form and requirements of rubber sheet joint|| tt||According to Figure 4 (a), the overlap width is greater than 4 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (a) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (b), the overlap width is greater than 3 times the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (b') are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (c), the bevel joint of the bottom rubber sheet is first tested for integrity, and then the cover strip is centered on the lower bevel joint. The thickness of the cover strip can be less than the thickness of the rubber sheet, and the defects of Figure 4 (c) are not allowed. According to Figure 4 (d), multi-layer bevel joints, the joints of adjacent layers are staggered, and the defects of Figure 4 (d) are not allowed. C4.3 The overlap direction of the joint is in the same direction as the flow direction of the medium or the rotation direction of the equipment. Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. This standard was drafted by Shanghai Rubber Products Factory No. 4 and Beijing Rubber Products Design Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Haiyan, Zhang Bo, Lu Wenjing, and Cheng Guanglai. This standard refers to the British standard BS6374, Pt5--1985 "Rubber Lining Specification" 10
People's Republic of China
Chemical Industry Standard
Equipment Anti-corrosion Rubber Lining
HG/T2451-93
Editor Chemical Industry Standard Editorial Department
(Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry)
Postal Code: 100013
Indian Drama Standardization Research Institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry
Copyright is exclusive and may not be reproduced
Format 880×12301/16 Printing Sheet Word Count 20000 First Edition November 1993
First Printing November 1993
Print Count 1-500
HG/T2451-93
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