The issue of marine forecasts and warnings--Part 1:The issue of storm surge forecasts and warnings
Some standard content:
ICS 07. 060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19721.1—2005
The issue of marine forecasts and warnings-Part 1:The issue of storm surge forecasts and warnings2005-04-22Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaChina-South China Sea Chemical Products Association
2005-11-01Implementation
GB/T19721 Marine forecasts and warnings\is divided into 3 parts:. Part 1 Storm surge forecasts and warnings,… Part 2: Wave forecasts and warnings Part 3: Sea ice forecasts and warnings. This part is Part 1 of GB/T19721. Appendix A and Appendix B of this part are informative appendices. This part was proposed by the State Oceanic Administration.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. The drafting unit of this part is the National Marine Environmental Forecast Center. The main drafters of this part are: Xu Fuxiang and Zhang Fangwen. GB/T19721.1—2005
GB/T19721.1—2005
my country's storm surge forecast and warning services began in 1970. With the development of the coastal national economy, my country's coastal provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and county (city) marine forecasting stations have successively issued storm surge forecasts and warnings for their respective sea areas. In order to further improve the disaster prevention and mitigation work of storm surge disasters, it is urgent to formulate a national unified standard for the issuance of wind, fog and tide forecasts and warnings, so as to establish the principles for the issuance of storm surge forecasts and multiple reports, and unify the procedures, contents and technical requirements for the issuance of storm surge forecasts and warnings. This part was formulated with reference to technical regulations of relevant disciplines at home and abroad, drawing on foreign examples of storm surge forecast and warning issuance, and summarizing domestic experience in storm surge forecast and warning issuance. It, together with wave forecast and warning issuance, and sea ice forecast and warning issuance, has formed my country's first ocean forecast and warning issuance standard.
1 Scope
Marine storm surge forecast and warning issuance
Part 1: Storm surge forecast and warning issuance GB/T19721.1—2005
This part of GB/T19721 establishes the principles for storm surge forecast and warning issuance, stipulates the classification conditions for storm surge forecast and warning issuance, and the content, procedures, technical requirements, etc. of forecast and warning issuance. This part is applicable to all marine forecasting departments. 2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T19721. 2.1
Storm surge
The local sea surface oscillation or non-periodic abnormal rise and fall caused by strong winds and sudden changes in weather accompanied by the passage of tropical cyclones, temperate weather systems, sea storm lines, etc. Note 1: Rewrite (B, T 15920-1995, definition 5.53 Note 2: The phenomenon of abnormal non-cyclic rise of sea level during wind turbine tide is called storm surge, or simply surge. 2.2
Disaster of storm surge Storm surge is superimposed on astronomical tide (periodic rise of sea level caused by tidal force of celestial body), and wind and waves with a period of several seconds or more than ten seconds are added to the first two. The rise of water along the reservoir caused by the combination of the first two (usually called tidal level, or wind and tide level) will cause disasters, and the combination of the first three causes The rapid rise of water along the reservoir can cause huge disasters. The disaster caused by the rise of water along the reservoir caused by the first two or the combination of the first three is generally called storm surge disaster. 2.3
Maximum surge peaksurge
The maximum value in an hourly storm surge process. 2. 4
Warning tidal warning tidal level
A kind of surge level. When the tide reaches this predetermined value, the protected area may experience a disaster and must enter a state of alert to prevent disasters.
[GB/T17839—1999, definition 3.1]
3 Purpose
To standardize the procedures and contents for issuing storm surge forecasts and warnings, and to put the work of issuing storm surge forecasts and warnings on a scientific, standardized and institutionalized track.
4 Basic principles
The issuance of storm surge forecasts and warnings is based on whether the high tide level in the total surge level approaches, reaches and exceeds the warning tide level. That is, it should follow the objective laws of the occurrence, development, spread, weakening and disappearance of storm surges. It should also be noted that wind tides are always superimposed on astronomical tides. The characteristics of the disaster are often combined with nearby waves.
GB/T19721.1—2005
In addition to referring to the storm surge forecast and warning timeliness that are currently recommended or relatively accurate at home and abroad, the actual needs of the tide prevention and disaster reduction departments should be considered as much as possible.
5 Requirements
5.1 Grading
5.1.1 Forecast
When a storm surge is affected by tropical cyclones (typhoons, severe tropical storms, tropical storms, tropical depressions) or temperate weather systems, and one or more representative tide gauges in the affected area will have a high tide level within 30cm below the local warning tide level during the forecast period, a storm surge forecast shall be issued.
It is predicted that during the forecast period, no representative tide gauge station in the affected coastal area will experience a high tide level within 30 cm of the local warning tide level, and a storm surge forecast will be issued. 5.1.2 Confidential Report
When affected by a tropical cyclone or by a temperate weather system, it is predicted that one or more representative tide gauge stations in the affected coastal area will experience a high tide level within 30 cm of the local warning tide level in the future, a storm surge warning will be issued. It will be issued at least 12 hours in advance when affected by a tropical cyclone, and at least 6 hours in advance when affected by a temperate weather system. 5.1.3 Emergency Report
When affected by a tropical cyclone or by a temperate weather system, it is predicted that one or more representative tide gauge stations in the affected coastal area will experience a high tide level within 30 cm of the local warning tide level in the future, a storm surge emergency report will be issued at least 6 hours in advance. 5.2 Forecast and Alert Contents
5.2.1 Forecast
The contents of the forecast include: tropical cyclone number and Chinese name or temperate weather system status; forecast of coastal flooding in the future period, serious impact area; the relationship between the maximum flooding and astronomical tide, the relationship between the high tide level at the tide gauge station and the local warning tide level. Provide forecast (spatial distribution of coastal flooding) maps, tables, etc. 5. 2. 2 Temporary Alert
The contents of the alert include: tropical cyclone number and Chinese name or temperate weather system status; forecast of coastal flooding in the future period, serious impact area; the relationship between the maximum flooding and astronomical tide; the value of the high tide level at the tide gauge station exceeding the local warning tide level, provide forecast (spatial distribution of coastal flooding) maps, tables, etc., and finally provide the release time of the next report (which can be released in advance if necessary). For an example, see Appendix A.
5.2.3 Emergency Alert
The contents of the emergency alert include: the number and Chinese name of the typhoon or the description of the temperate weather system; the coastal flooding situation during the forecast period, the serious impact on the area; the relationship between the maximum flooding and the astronomical tide: the numerical expression of the high tide level at the tide gauge station exceeding the local warning tide level. Give the forecast (spatial distribution of flooding) charts, tables, etc., and finally give the release time of the next emergency alert (it can be released in advance if necessary). For an example, see Appendix B.
5.3 Release method
Storm surge forecasts, warnings and emergency alerts issued to the flood control department through fax, Internet, etc. are called professional forecasts. Forecasts, warnings and emergency alerts issued to the public through radio, television and other media are called public forecasts. Public forecasts require easy-to-understand text and well-illustrated text and pictures. However, they do not include table forecast values. 5.4 Release format
The release format of forecasts and warnings used by national and local marine forecasting departments should be unified. Each forecast and warning should have an abbreviation, release unit and release time. The time of release, forecast and warning net appearance shall all be in Beijing time, storm surge and high tide level shall all be in cm. For alarms in professional forecasts, please refer to Appendix A, emergency alarms to Appendix B, and storm surge forecasts shall be made in accordance with the requirements of the forecast content and in accordance with the format of Appendix A. Public forecasts shall be written on the basis of professional forecasts in a way that is easy to understand and does not cause unnecessary panic among the public. 5.5 Data
The data required for making storm surge forecasts and warnings include real-time tide levels, wave data and meteorological data. GB/T19721.1-2005
Real-time tide and wave data include: hourly tide level at each tide station, high and low tide level and tide time, and real-time wave data at the same period. Meteorological data include: hourly wind speed and direction at each tide station, and remote sea level pressure; tropical cyclone warning data; ground and high-altitude weather maps of tropical and temperate weather systems, satellite remote sensing data, etc. 6 Archive
Archived data should include: forecasts, warnings and emergency warning sheets, comparison and evaluation results with actual conditions, and investigation reports on major storm surge processes.
GB/T19721.1----2005
Storm surge warning number: 0012-1
Attached to Cai A
(Informative record)
Storm surge warning example (professional forecast)
National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 0:00 on August 8, 2000 Hangzhou Bay and the Yangtze River Estuary will experience high tides exceeding the warning tide level due to the impact of Typhoon No. 12 (Pabion) in 2000: Forecast: This afternoon to tomorrow morning The tidal level along the coast from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province to Kanmen, Jiangsu Province will deviate from the normal tidal level by 50cm to 150cm successively. Hangzhou Bay and the Yangtze River Estuary are the most severely affected shore sections, and their tidal levels will be 100cm to 150cm higher than the normal tidal level. The maximum water increase at Wusong and Shangqiao tide gauge stations may occur during the high tide of this month's astronomical high tide period; around 08:00 on the 9th, the Zhenhai, Zhapu, Wusong and Gaoqiao tide gauge stations in Hangzhou Bay will experience high tides that are 20cm to 25cm higher than the warning tide level. Relevant departments are requested to do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific high tide forecast for the tide stations is as follows! Station name
Business tide time
07:30 on September
08:00 on September
08:15 on September
08:00 on September
High tide level
Warning tide level
Exceeding warning tide level
The next alarm will be issued at 20:00 today, or in advance if necessary. Storm surge alert number: 0102-1
National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 12:00 on February 8, 2001. The tide level along the Bohai Bay is higher than the warning tide level. Affected by the northern pressure and the Jiangzhun cyclone, it is expected that the tide level along the Bohai Bay tonight will be 50cm to 150cm higher than the normal tide level. The coastal area of Tianjin is seriously affected, and its tide level will be 100cm to 150cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water increase at the Tianjin Tanggu tide gauge station may occur at the high tide of the astronomical tide: at 0:00 on the 9th, the tide gauge station will have a high tide level of 25cm higher than the warning tide level. Please do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific high tide forecast for the tide station is as follows: Station name
High tide time
00:00 on the 9th
High tide level
Xinjie tide level
Super Jie tide level value
The next alert will be issued at 18:00 today, or in advance if necessary. Storm emergency alert number: 0012-2
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Storm surge emergency alert example (professional forecast) National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 201:00 on August 8, 2000 Hangzhou Bay Yangtze River Estuary will have a high tide level exceeding the Lujie tide level GB/T 19721.1—2005
Affected by Typhoon No. 12 (Pabion) in 2000, the tide level along the coast from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province to Kanmen, Zhejiang Province will be 50 to 180 cm higher than the normal tide level from tonight to tomorrow morning. The coast along the Yangtze River Estuary in Hangzhou Bay is seriously affected, and its tide level will be 130 to 180 cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water level increase at Wusong and Gaoqiao tide gauge stations may occur at the high tide of the astronomical spring tide period this month; around 08:00 on the 9th, the Zhenhai, Zhapu, Wusong and Shangqiao tide gauge stations in Hangzhou Bay will have high drowning levels exceeding the warning tide level by 40 to 60 cm. Relevant departments are requested to do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific high tide forecast for the tide-testing station is as follows: Station name
Song tide time
07:30 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
08:15 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
Commercial tide level
54otin
Warning tide level
480 cm
Exceeding warning tide level
The next alarm will be issued at 08:00 on the 9th, or in advance if necessary. Storm surge emergency alert number: 01022
National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 18:00 on February 8, 2001. The high tide level exceeding the Fanjie tide level appeared along the coast of Bohai Bay. Under the influence of the northern high pressure and the Jiangzhun cyclone, it is predicted that the tide level along the coast of Bohai Bay tonight will be 130cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water increase at Tianjin Tangzhan Tide Station may occur at the astronomical high tide: at 0:00 on the 9th, the high tide level exceeding the warning tide level by 45cm will appear at this tide station. Please do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific tide level forecast for the tide station is as follows: Station name
High tide time
00:00 on the 9th
High tide level
This is the last alert for this storm surge process. Tidal warning service
Super-control tidal level value
GB/T19721.I—2005
GB/T 15920-—1995
Art examination documents
Oceanographic terms
Physical oceanography
GB/T 17839—1999
Warning tide level verification method
Translated by Zhai Yuxi, Lu Jialian, Fang Weimo, and Hu Shengzhao, Manual and Guide to Youyang Meteorological Service. Meteorological Press, October 19901-2005
Affected by the 2000 No. 12 Typhoon (Pabion), it is predicted that from tonight to tomorrow morning, the tide level along the coast from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province to Kanmen, Zhejiang Province will be 50cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. Among them, the coast along the Yangtze River Estuary in Hangzhou Bay is the most affected coastline, and its tide level will be 130cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water level increase at Wusong and Gaoqiao tide gauge stations may occur at the high tide of the astronomical spring tide period this month; around 08:00 on the 9th, the Zhenhai, Zhapu, Wusong and Shangqiao tide gauge stations in Hangzhou Bay will have high drowning levels exceeding the warning tide level by 40cm to 60cm. Relevant departments are requested to do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific high tide forecast for the tide-testing station is as follows: Station name
Song tide time
07:30 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
08:15 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
Commercial tide level
54otin
Warning tide level
480 cm
Exceeding warning tide level
The next alarm will be issued at 08:00 on the 9th, or in advance if necessary. Storm surge emergency alert number: 01022
National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 18:00 on February 8, 2001. The high tide level exceeding the Fanjie tide level appeared along the coast of Bohai Bay. Under the influence of the northern high pressure and the Jiangzhun cyclone, it is predicted that the tide level along the coast of Bohai Bay tonight will be 130cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water increase at Tianjin Tangzhan Tide Station may occur at the astronomical high tide: at 0:00 on the 9th, the high tide level exceeding the warning tide level by 45cm will appear at this tide station. Please do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific tide level forecast for the tide station is as follows: Station name
High tide time
00:00 on the 9th
High tide level
This is the last alert for this storm surge process. Tidal warning service
Super-control tidal level value
GB/T19721.I—2005
GB/T 15920-—1995
Art examination documents
Oceanographic terms
Physical oceanography
GB/T 17839—1999
Warning tide level verification method
Translated by Zhai Yuxi, Lu Jialian, Fang Weimo, and Hu Shengzhao, Manual and Guide to Youyang Meteorological Service. Meteorological Press, October 19901-2005
Affected by the 2000 No. 12 Typhoon (Pabion), it is predicted that from tonight to tomorrow morning, the tide level along the coast from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province to Kanmen, Zhejiang Province will be 50cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. Among them, the coast along the Yangtze River Estuary in Hangzhou Bay is the most affected coastline, and its tide level will be 130cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water level increase at Wusong and Gaoqiao tide gauge stations may occur at the high tide of the astronomical spring tide period this month; around 08:00 on the 9th, the Zhenhai, Zhapu, Wusong and Shangqiao tide gauge stations in Hangzhou Bay will have high drowning levels exceeding the warning tide level by 40cm to 60cm. Relevant departments are requested to do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific high tide forecast for the tide-testing station is as follows: Station name
Song tide time
07:30 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
08:15 on the 9th
08:00 on the 9th
Commercial tide level
54otin
Warning tide levelwww.bzxz.net
480 cm
Exceeding warning tide level
The next alarm will be issued at 08:00 on the 9th, or in advance if necessary. Storm surge emergency alert number: 01022
National Marine Forecasting Center issued at 18:00 on February 8, 2001. The high tide level exceeding the Fanjie tide level appeared along the coast of Bohai Bay. Under the influence of the northern high pressure and the Jiangzhun cyclone, it is predicted that the tide level along the coast of Bohai Bay tonight will be 130cm to 180cm higher than the normal tide level. The maximum water increase at Tianjin Tangzhan Tide Station may occur at the astronomical high tide: at 0:00 on the 9th, the high tide level exceeding the warning tide level by 45cm will appear at this tide station. Please do a good job in preventing storm surge disasters. The specific tide level forecast for the tide station is as follows: Station name
High tide time
00:00 on the 9th
High tide level
This is the last alert for this storm surge process. Tidal warning service
Super-control tidal level value
GB/T19721.I—2005
GB/T 15920-—1995
Art examination documents
Oceanographic terms
Physical oceanography
GB/T 17839—1999
Warning tide level verification method
Translated by Zhai Yuxi, Lu Jialian, Fang Weimo, and Hu Shengzhao, Manual and Guide to Youyang Meteorological Service. Meteorological Press, October 1990
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